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Supplemental material, sj-docx-8-npx-10.1177_1934578X231152309 for Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis by Zhenwei Zhai, Zhishan Zhu, Fanjing Kong, Danni Xie, Jie Cai, Jingyi Dai, Yanmei Zhong, Yanxiong Gan, Shichao Zheng, Ying Xu and Tao Sun in Natural Product Communications

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-npx-10.1177_1934578X231152309 for Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis by Zhenwei Zhai, Zhishan Zhu, Fanjing Kong, Danni Xie, Jie Cai, Jingyi Dai, Yanmei Zhong, Yanxiong Gan, Shichao Zheng, Ying Xu and Tao Sun in Natural Product Communications

Supplemental material, sj-docx-6-npx-10.1177_1934578X231152309 for Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis by Zhenwei Zhai, Zhishan Zhu, Fanjing Kong, Danni Xie, Jie Cai, Jingyi Dai, Yanmei Zhong, Yanxiong Gan, Shichao Zheng, Ying Xu and Tao Sun in Natural Product Communications

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-npx-10.1177_1934578X231152309 for Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis by Zhenwei Zhai, Zhishan Zhu, Fanjing Kong, Danni Xie, Jie Cai, Jingyi Dai, Yanmei Zhong, Yanxiong Gan, Shichao Zheng, Ying Xu and Tao Sun in Natural Product Communications

Supplemental material, sj-docx-5-npx-10.1177_1934578X231152309 for Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis by Zhenwei Zhai, Zhishan Zhu, Fanjing Kong, Danni Xie, Jie Cai, Jingyi Dai, Yanmei Zhong, Yanxiong Gan, Shichao Zheng, Ying Xu and Tao Sun in Natural Product Communications

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-npx-10.1177_1934578X231152309 for Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis by Zhenwei Zhai, Zhishan Zhu, Fanjing Kong, Danni Xie, Jie Cai, Jingyi Dai, Yanmei Zhong, Yanxiong Gan, Shichao Zheng, Ying Xu and Tao Sun in Natural Product Communications

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X231152309 for Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis by Zhenwei Zhai, Zhishan Zhu, Fanjing Kong, Danni Xie, Jie Cai, Jingyi Dai, Yanmei Zhong, Yanxiong Gan, Shichao Zheng, Ying Xu and Tao Sun in Natural Product Communications

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-npx-10.1177_1934578X231152309 for Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis by Zhenwei Zhai, Zhishan Zhu, Fanjing Kong, Danni Xie, Jie Cai, Jingyi Dai, Yanmei Zhong, Yanxiong Gan, Shichao Zheng, Ying Xu and Tao Sun in Natural Product Communications

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) on large-scale datasets has shown premier performance on various downstream tasks. In contrast to plenty of available benchmarks with English corpus, large-scale pre-training datasets and downstream datasets with Chinese corpus remain largely unexplored. In this work, we build a large-scale high-quality Chinese cross-modal benchmark named ZERO for the research community, which contains the currently largest public pre-training dataset ZERO-Corpus and five human-annotated fine-tuning datasets for downstream tasks. ZERO-Corpus contains 250 million images paired with 750 million text descriptions, plus two of the five fine-tuning datasets are also currently the largest ones for Chinese cross-modal downstream tasks. Along with the ZERO benchmark, we also develop a VLP framework with pre-Ranking + Ranking mechanism, boosted with target-guided Distillation and feature-guided Distillation (R2D2) for large-scale cross-modal learning. A global contrastive pre-ranking is first introduced to learn the individual representations of images and texts. These primitive representations are then fused in a fine-grained ranking manner via an image-text cross encoder and a text-image cross encoder. The target-guided distillation and feature-guided distillation are further proposed to enhance the capability of R2D2. With the ZERO-Corpus and the R2D2 VLP framework, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on twelve downstream datasets from five broad categories of tasks including image-text retrieval, image-text matching, image caption, text-to-image generation, and zero-shot image classification. The datasets, models, and codes are available at https://github.com/yuxie11/R2D2

China has unique salt lake resources, and they are distributed in the east of Eurasian salt lake subzone of the Northern Hemisphere Salt Lake Zone, mainly concentrated in the regions with modern mean annual precipitation lower than 500 mm. This paper preliminarily reviews the progress made in salt lake research in China for the past 60 years. In the research of Paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from salt lake sediments, a series of salts have been proposed to be indicators of paleoclimate, and have been well accepted by scholars. The chloride-sulfate depositional regions of the west Qaidam and the east Tarim have been revealed to be the drought center of China since the Quaternary, and more than 6 spreading stages of arid climate (salt forming) have been identified. Five pan-lake periods with highstands have been proved to exist during the late Quaternary on the Tibetan Plateau. In mineral resource prospecting and theories of the forming of salt deposits: the atlas (1:2500000) of hydrochemical zoning of salt lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has been compiled for the first time, revealing the zonal distribution and transition from carbonate type to chloride type from south to north and presenting corresponding mineral assemblages for different type of salt lakes; several large continental salt deposits have been discovered and the theory of continental potash deposition has been developed, including the salt deposition in deep basins surrounded by high mountains, the mineral deposition from multistage evolution through chains of moderate or shallow lakes with multilevels, the origin of potassium rich brines in gravel layers, and the forming of potassium deposits through the inheriting from ancient salt deposits, thus establishing the framework of “Continental Potash Deposition Theory”; several new types of Mg-borate deposits have been discovered, including the ulexite and pinnoite bed in Da Qaidam Lake, Qinghai, the pinnoite and kurnakovite bed in Chagcam Caka, Tibet, the kurnakovite bed in Lake Nyer, and the corresponding model of borate deposition from the cooling and dissolution of boron rich brines was proposed based on principles of geology, physics and chemistry. The anti-floatation-cold crystallization method developed independently has improved the capacity of KCl production to 3 million tons per year for the Qarham, serving the famous brand of potash fertilizer products. One 1.2 million ton K-sulfate production Une, the biggest in the world, has been built in Lop Nor, and K-sulfate of about 1.6 million tons was produced in 2015. Supported by the new technology, Le. brine preparation in winter-cooling-solarization-isolation-lithium deposition from salt gradient solar pond” the highest lithium production base at Zabuye Lake (4421 m), Tibet, has been established, which is the first lithium production base in China that reaches the year production of 5000 tons of lithium carbonate. The concept of Salt lake agriculture (Salt land agriculture) has been established based on the mass growth of Dunaliella and other bacillus-algae and the occurrence of various halophytes in saltmarsh and salt saline-alkali lands, finding a new way to increase arable lands and develop related green industry in salt rich environments. Finally this paper presents some new thoughts for the further research and development on salt science, and the further progress in salt science and technology will facilitate the maturing of the interdisciplinary science “Salinology”.

We report the first multiscale, systematic field-based testing of correlations between orbital scale advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer visible near-infrared (VNIR)/shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance and thermal infrared relative emissivity and outcrop scale Raman spectroscopy, VNIR reflectance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) mineralogy and chemistry in a saline dry lakebed. This article is one of three reports describing the evolution of salt deposits, meteorological record, and surface and subsurface salt mineralogy in Dalangtan, Qaidam Basin, a hyperarid region of the Tibet Plateau, China, as potential environmental, mineralogical, and biogeochemical analogues to Mars. We have successfully bridged remote sensing data to fine scale mineralogy and chemistry data. We have defined spectral end-members in the northwestern Qaidam Basin and classified areas within the study area on the basis of their spectral similarity to the spectral end-members. Results of VNIR/SWIR classification reveal zonation of spectral units within three large anticlinal domes in the study area that can be correlated between the three structures. Laboratory Raman, VNIR reflectance, XRD, and LIBS data of surface mineral samples collected along a traverse over Xiaoliangshan (XLS) indicate that the surface is dominated by gypsum, Mg sulfates, Na sulfates, halite, and carbonates, with minor concentrations of illite present in most samples as well. Our results can be used as a first step toward better characterizing the potential of orbital reflectance spectroscopy as a method for mineral detection and quantification in salt-rich planetary environments, with the benefit that this technique can be validated on the ground using instruments onboard rovers.

The knowledge of Martian salts has gone through substantial changes during the past decades. In the 70th of last century, Viking landers have noticed the existence of salts on Mars. Several salt species have been suggested from then on, such as sulfates and chlorides. However, their origin was a mystery due to the lack of observations. The recent explorations and related studies at the beginning of this century revealed that the crustal composition of Mars is similar to that of Earth, and it was hypothesized that almost one third of Martian surface was covered by oceans and lakes in the early stage of Mars. The huge water bodies may have dissolved a large quantity of ions from Martian primary rocks during the whole Noachian and Hesperian epoch. After the enormous drought event happened during the late Hesperian and the early Amazonian, these dissolved ions have formed huge salts deposits and most of them were preserved on Mars until today. To date, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides have all been detected by orbital remote sensing and by landers and rovers. However, the salt mineral assemblages on Mars seems to have some differences from those on Earth, e.g., rich in sulfates and lack of massive carbonates. To explain this difference, we propose that most of the surface carbonates precipitated from the ancient oceans may have been dissolved by the later ubiquitous acidic fluids originated from the global volcanism in the Hesperian era, and formed the enormous sulfate deposits as detected, and this hypothesis seems to be supported by the evidence that most of the sulfate deposits distribute around the Tharsis volcanic province while the survived carbonates located far from it. This process can release most of the carbon on Mars to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 and then be erased by the late heavy bombardments, which might have profound influence on the climate change happened in the Hesperian age. The positive correlation between the GRS results of the potassium distributions and the distribution of chlorides on Mars, together with the high Br concentration measured from the evaporate sediments at two Mars exploration rover landing sites, indicate that the brines in the regions where the chlorides deposited may have reached the stage for potassium salts deposition, thus we propose for the first time that potassium salts deposits might be prevalent in these regions.