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Abstract Cdx2 is a homeobox domain-containing transcription factor that is important in the development and differentiation of the intestinal cells, and served as a potential biomarker of tumor progression in early intestinal-type gastric cancer. However, its prognostic value and significance in gastric cancer remain controversial. A meta-analysis based on published studies was performed to obtain an accurate evaluation of the association between the presence of Cdx2-positive in clinical samples and clinical outcome. A total of 13 eligible retrospective cohort studies with 1513 patients were included. Cdx2-positive cases were significantly associated with higher male-to-female ratio (RR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.17–1.38, PPP=0.002 fixed-effect) and lymph node metastasis (RR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.33-1.73, PP

Background: SIVA-1 has been reported to play a key role in cell apoptosis and gastric cancer (GC) chemoresistance in vitro . Nevertheless, the clinical significance of SIVA-1 in GC chemotherapy remains unclear. Methods and results: Immunohistochemistry and histoculture drug response assays were used to determine SIVA-1 expression and the inhibition rate (IR) of agents to GC and to further analyze the relationship between these two phenomena. Additionally, cisplatin (DDP)-resistant GC cells were used to elucidate the role and mechanism of SIVA-1 in vivo . The results demonstrated that SIVA-1 expression was positively correlated with the IR of DDP to GC but not with those of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or adriamycin (ADM). Furthermore, SIVA-1 overexpression with DDP treatment synergistically inhibited tumor growth in vivo by increasing PCBP1 and decreasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that SIVA-1 may serve as an indicator of the GC sensitivity to DDP, and the mechanism of SIVA-1 in GC resistance to DDP was preliminarily revealed., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra combined with second-order calibration algorithm based on alternate a weighted residual (ANWE) was applied to the direct concentration determination of carmine in carbonated beverages. Firstly, 3-D fluorescence spectra of carmine and sunset yellow mixed solutions with different concentrations were obtained by employing spectrometer, and analyzed by using ANWE, the correlation coefficient between calibration concentration and the actual concentration was 0.9917, and the average recovery was 100.92%±2.71%. The results show that the ANWE algorithm is reliable. Then, the commercial carbonated soft drinks in 8, 9, 12 and 13 times diluted concentration were detected by using ANWE algorithm, the correlation coefficient between relative concentration and the actual concentration were 0.9930, 0.9930, 0.9932 and 0.7932, respectively, and the contents of carmine in beverage were 38.88, 37.71, 37.68 and 39.65 μg · mL(-1), respectively. The average concentration was (38.48±0.96) μg · mL(-1). Finally, the standard addition method was applied to estimate the prediction accuracy between calibration concentration and the actual concentration was 0.9935, and the average recovery was 102.99%±2.15%. The results can provide a new idea for the rapid content determination of food pigments in commercial beverages.

In order to classify the orange juiice beverages effectively, the fluorescence character differences of two kinds of orange juice beverages including 100% orange juice and orange drink were analyzed and compared, principal component analysis combined with Euclidean distance was adopted to classify two kinds of orange juice beverages, and ideal classification results were obtained. Meanwhile, the orange juice content estimation model was established by using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression method, and the correlation coefficient R, root mean square error of calibration RMSEC and root mean square error of prediction RMSEP were 0.997, 0.87% and 2.05%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the calibration model offers comparatively accurate content estimation, which reflect the actual orange juice content in the commercial orange juice beverages. The exploration to classify orange juice beverages was carried out from two aspects of qualitative and quantitative analysis by employing fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics method, which can provide a new idea for the classification and adulteration detection of commercial orange juice beverages, and also can give certain reference basis for the quality control of orange juice raw material.

In the present paper, British Edinburgh FLS920P Steady State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectrometer was applied to measure three dimensional fluorescence spectra of 12 pigment solution samples and the parallel factor algorithm was combined with the excitation-emission matrix to find a way to detect the food colors. In the experiment, making use of CORCONDIA determination method to confirm that the number of the components is 3 in mixed solution, and then by using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) algorithms, get the average recoveries of carminum and Allura red were 99.3% +/- 5.0% and 102.2% +/- 5.6%, and the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.054 and 0.205, respectively. The results show that the method can be applied to determine carminum and Allura red in the mixed solution simultaneously even in the presence of interfering amaranth, which was simple and convenient, rapid, etc, and provides references for synthetic food pigments detection.

Objective: To study the effects of E2F-1-silencing lentivirus vector on the growth and chemoresistance of subcutaneous human gastric cancer in nude mice., Methods: Thirty-six nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with chemoresistant SGC-7901/DDP cells to establish subcutaneous tumor models of gastric carcinoma. The mice were randomly divided into E2F-1/RNAi-LV group, LV-scrRNAi group and PBS group (n = 12). E2F-1/RNAi-LV, LV-scrRNAi or PBS (0.1 ml per time) was injected into the mice, respectively, every two days. The nude mice received an intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (25 mg/kg) every two days. The tumor volume was measured and histopathological changes of the tumors were observed by HE staining. The expressions of E2F-1, c-Myc, survivin, MDR1 and MRP were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Apoptosis in tumor xenografts was determined by in situ TUNEL labeling technique., Results: The mean tumor growth rate of the E2F-1/RNAi-LV group was significantly slower than that of the LV-scrRNAi and control groups (P < 0.05). The tumor volume of the E2F-1/RNAi-LV group was (745.13 ± 154.42)mm(3), significantly lower than that of the LV-scrRNAi and PBS groups (P < 0.05). Compared with that in the LV-scrRNAi and PBS groups, the expressions of mRNA and protein of E2F-1, c-Myc, survivin, MDR1 and MRP were significantly decreased in the E2F-1/RNAi-LV group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate in the E2F-1/RNAi-LV treatment group was (27.5 ± 9.7)%, significantly higher than (7.0 ± 1.1)% in the LV-scrRNAi group and (7.3 ± 1.2)% in the PBS group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Intra-tumoral injection of E2F-1/RNAi-LV shows significantly inhibitory effect on the tumor growth and chemoresistance of subcutaneous human gastric cancer in nude mice.

Aim: To explore the role of CDX2 in the multi-drug resistance (MDR) process of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo., Methods: A cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cell line with stable downregulation of CDX2 was established. mRNA and protein expression levels of CDX2, survivin, cyclin D1, and c-Myc were detected by western blotting and semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The influence of downregulation of CDX2 on MDR was assessed by measuring IC50 of SGC7901/DDP cells to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil, rate of doxorubicin efflux, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression detected by flow cytometry. In addition, we determined the in vivo effects of CDX2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on tumor size, and apoptotic cells in tumor tissues were detected by deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and hematoxylin and eosin staining., Results: CDX2 siRNA led to downregulation of endogenous CDX2 mRNA (0.31 ± 0.05 vs 1.10 ± 0.51, 0.31 ± 0.05 vs 1.05 ± 0.21, P = 0.003) and protein (0.12 ± 0.08 vs 0.51 ± 0.07, 0.12 ± 0.08 vs 0.55 ± 0.16, P = 2.57 × 10(-4)) expression. It significantly promoted the sensitivity of SGC7901/DDP cells to cisplatin (0.12 ± 0.05 vs 0.33 ± 0.08, 0.12 ± 0.05 vs 0.39 ± 0.15, P = 0.001), doxorubicin (0.52 ± 0.13 vs 4.11 ± 1.25, 0.52 ± 0.13 vs 4.05 ± 1.44, P = 2.81 × 10(-4)), and 5-fluorouracil (0.82 ± 0.13 vs 2.81 ± 0.51, 0.82 ± 0.13 vs 3.28 ± 1.03, P = 1.71 × 10(-4)). Flow cytometry confirmed that the percentage of apoptotic cells increased after CDX2 downregulation (32.15% ± 2.15% vs 17.63% ± 3.16%, 32.15% ± 2.15% vs 19.3% ± 2.25%, P = 1.73 × 10(-6)). This notion was further supported by the observation that downregulation of CDX2 blocked entry into the S-phase of the cell cycle (31.53% ± 3.78% vs 65.05% ± 7.25%, 31.53% ± 3.78% vs 62.27% ± 5.02%, P = 7.55 × 10(-7)). Furthermore, downregulation of CDX2 significantly increased intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin (0.21 ± 0.06 vs 0.41 ± 0.11, 0.21 ± 0.06 vs 0.40 ± 0.08, P = 0.003). In molecular studies, semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that CDX2 downregulation could inhibit expression of c-Myc, survivin and cyclin D1., Conclusion: CDX2 may be involved in regulating multiple signaling pathways in reversing MDR, suggesting that CDX2 may represent a novel target for gastric cancer therapy.

Using the FLS920P spectrometer of Edinburgh Instruments the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the fresh orange juice and the three samples of 100% orange juice bought in the supermarket were studied and their characteristic parameters were obtained. The comparison of the spectra and the characteristic parameters shows that they are apparently different, especially at the emission wavelength of 683 nm. This might be caused by the food additives added into the orange juice bought. The three-dimensional spectrum of the fresh orange juice with carrageenan was obtained. The comparison of the samples bought and the one with carrageenan shows that they are with little difference. The characteristic parameters of them are almost of no difference. Thus the conclusion can be drawn that the samples bought all have carrageenan. The results of the paper can somewhat help quantitatively study carrageenan in the orange juice.

Using Edinburgh FLS920P spectrometer, the authors obtained the UV-visible spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of parathion, metaphos and isocarbophos in their solution of methanol and ethanol respectively, and discussed their spectral characteristics and their mechanisms. Results show that they all have obvious absorption and fluorescence under the excitation of ultraviolet. The absorption peaks of parathion, metaphos and isocarbophos in their methanol and ethanol solution respectively are at 304 nm/298 nm, 304 nm/304 nm and 286 nm/286 nm. The peak wavelengths of fluorescence are at 404 nm/403 nm, 407 nm/ 402 nm and 423 nm/415 nm, fitting fluorescence characteristics of conjugated aromatic compounds that the peak will have red shift with the increasing solvent polarity. The results may contribute to the application of spectral technique in the distinction of pesticides and detection of residues of pesticides in the area of food security supervision.