Search

Sugarcane, a vital cash crop, contributes significantly to the world's sugar supply and raw materials for biofuel production, playing a significant role in the global sugar industry. However, sustainable productivity is severely hampered by biotic and abiotic stressors. Genetic engineering has been used to transfer useful genes into sugarcane plants to improve desirable traits and has emerged as a basic and applied research method to maintain growth and productivity under different adverse environmental conditions. However, the use of transgenic approaches remains contentious and requires rigorous experimental methods to address biosafety challenges. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mediated genome editing technology is growing rapidly and may revolutionize sugarcane production. This review aims to explore innovative genetic engineering techniques and their successful application in developing sugarcane cultivars with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses to produce superior sugarcane cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ingredient Y-maze choice test, feed intake test and rare earth elements trace test were conducted in obscure puffer (Takifugu fasciatus) to study whether soybean antigenic protein would affect diet palatability when fishmeal was partially replaced by soybean products. Another eight-week domestication trial was conducted to research the possible alternation of such diet preference. In Y-maze test, both aqueous and ethanol solutions of five ingredients (fishmeal, soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, casein, and antigenic protein) were used to study the ingredient preference. Four practical diets (FMH-diet with high fishmeal, FML-diet with low fishmeal, FMLF-diet with 18.56% fishmeal replaced by fermented soybean meal, FMLS-diet with 18.56% fishmeal replaced by soybean meal) and four semi-purified diets (AP0, AP5, AP8, AP12.5) containing corresponding levels of soybean antigenic protein) were all or partially used in feed intake test and rare earth elements trace test. The results showed that the ingredient preference differed with aqueous solutions and ethanol solutions. Feed intake ratio of FMLF was significantly higher than FMH and least in FMLS, AP0 was significantly higher than AP12.5 for undomesticated fish. In rare earth element trace test, before domestication, puffer showed higher preferences of FML than FMLF and FMH and least in FMLS; after 8-week-domestication, all groups showed higher preferences to FMLS than FML and FMLF, least in FMH. In semi-purified diet groups, before domestication, the preference decreased as dietary antigenic protein increase; after domestication, all groups showed higher preferences to AP8 and least in AP12.5. These indicated that undomesticated obscure puffer had higher preference to fermented soybean meal than soybean meal. Antigenic protein might be contributed to such preference, and domestication increased the preference of puffer to diet containing 8% soybean antigenic protein. Thus, domestication can be a potential method to improve the acceptance of puffer to diet with fishmeal replaced by soybean products.

The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) produces uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to facilitate O-linked GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) protein modifications, and subsequently enhance cell survival under lethal stresses. Transcript induced in spermiogenesis 40 (Tisp40) is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane-resident transcription factor and plays critical roles in cell homeostasis. Here, we show that Tisp40 expression, cleavage and nuclear accumulation are increased by cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Global Tisp40 deficiency exacerbates, whereas cardiomyocyte-restricted Tisp40 overexpression ameliorates I/R-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and acute cardiac injury, and modulates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction following long-term observations in male mice. In addition, overexpression of nuclear Tisp40 is sufficient to attenuate cardiac I/R injury in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies indicate that Tisp40 directly binds to a conserved unfolded protein response element (UPRE) of the glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1) promoter, and subsequently potentiates HBP flux and O-GlcNAc protein modifications. Moreover, we find that I/R-induced upregulation, cleavage and nuclear accumulation of Tisp40 in the heart are mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our findings identify Tisp40 as a cardiomyocyte-enriched UPR-associated transcription factor, and targeting Tisp40 may develop effective approaches to mitigate cardiac I/R injury. Cardiac I/R injury is a deleterious issue in the clinic. Here, the authors show that Tisp40 facilitates HBP flux and protein O-GlcNAcylation through binding to the promoter of GFPT1, thereby preventing cardiac I/R injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]