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U radu se donose rezultati istraživanja transportnih mogućnosti rimskih keramičarskih radionica utvrđenih na području antičke Liburnije (provincija Dalmacija).

The management of space is fundamental to archaeology, as it can reflect a complex human-environmental or sociocultural interaction. Managing space has a multi-fold meaning for human societies – cultivated space is where social, economic, and cultural practices are carried out. By adapting and using features of a given space, environment is transformed into cultural landscape. These adaptations consist of relation of places – dwelling, productive, ritual, sepulchral, etc. Within this context, recent interdisciplinary research conducted in the northernmost part of the island of Rab (Kvarner gulf of the NE Adriatic) will be presented. Holistic approach to studied area of cape Stolac/Kaštelina and its environment on Lopar peninsula brought forth the possibility to better understand settlement organization, dwellings, and related domestic features of a Late Iron Age island community. Moreover, this research allowed to detect elements of a vibrant Iron Age landscape of the northern part of the island of Rab. Architectural features, building materials, and material culture will be in focus, along with the construction of place, and wider connectivity. Such combined approach should shed more light on the landscape and dwelling practices of the Iron Age communities on the border zone of Caput Adria and Dalmatia.

Over the past few years, as part of a joint project between the Institute of Archeology in Zagreb and the Institute of Archeology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw and the Šibenik City Museum selected Roman sites on the North-Eastern Adriatic have been studied with the aim to recognize stratigraphy, spatial extent and possible impact of environmental changes on their development. Methods such as geophysics (magnetometry and ground – penetrating radar), air surveys with UAVs, digital terrain model analysis, geomorphological methods and selected laboratory analysis were implemented. Results of preliminary geoarcheological and paleoclimatological research carried out on the Island of Rab (Podšilo bay), at Plemići bay (Zadar region) and Danilo (ancient Rider near Šibenik) show evidence of abrupt environmental events mostly datable to late antiquity when the areas occupied by these sites were covered by soil-debris flow sediments. The examined profiles revealed at least three generations of slope sediments, formed as results of a dry climate interval, followed, after the 5th c. AD, by a wet phase when sediments were transported downslope and deposited on the Roman structures. Environmental conditions documented on these Roman sites seem to be supported by other paleoclimate evidence from the Adriatic region, such as lake sediments.

Maritimna povezanost, umreženost i mobilnost ključne su značajke otočnoga prostora te okosnica proučavanja fizičkih i društvenih fenomena otočnih krajolika. S dolaskom Rima u ilirsko-helenistički svijet srednjeg Jadrana intenziviraju se umreženost i međuovisnost jadranskog i mediteranskog svijeta, uvjetujući razine globalizacije razvidne kroz materijalnu kulturu i specifične društvene prakse. U pomorskom sustavu rimskoga Jadrana obalna naselja i njihov multikulturalni živalj nositelji su transformacija, održavajući mediteransku povezanost, prvenstveno putem većih, urbanih luka, no oslanjajući se u toj mreži kontakata na manja pristaništa uz obalne i otočne gospodarsko- rezidencijalne sklopove koji u tom kontekstu imaju i značajnu gospodarsku ulogu. Vile su tako sudjelovale u promijeni kopnenih i morskih krajobraza, objedinjavajući poljoprivredne djelatnosti, maritimnu ekonomiju i pomorsku povezanost. Jedna takva maritimna vila i lokalitet od iznimnog potencijala za razumijevanje ljudske ekodinamike, helenističko-rimskog prijelaza i trajanja otočnih vila do u kasnu antiku istražuje se multidisciplinarno već 13 godina na Paklinskim otocima kod Hvara, na Svetom Klementu u uvali Soline. Višestoljetna razgradnja vile i poljodjelski radovi na lokalitetu uglavnom onemogućuju precizniju stratigrafsku analizu, ali sveukupni materijal daje sliku uspješnog i značajnog imanja u dugotrajnoj i neprekinutoj umreženosti u jadranskoj i mediteranskoj razmjeni.

Among the pottery excavated from the late Roman layers at Classe (Italy), the presence of coarse wareClasse type was highlighted by Gelichi (1983). From that time such coarse ware has been recognized inseveral upper Adriatic sites. Within the “Archaeological Topography of the Island of Rab” project, the site ofa Roman rural settlement is being excavated in Podšilo Bay, in N Lopar. In late antique layers (6th c.) notablequantities of coarse wares have been found. Initial analysis of this pottery has led to a hypothesis that someitems could have been imported from Italy and might belong to pots of the Classe type.One of the research problems of the project is determining the origin of coarse ware. The aim of the study isa typological characteristics of the best preserved Classe type pot from Podšilo and an archaeometricanalysis of its fabric. The aim was achieved by analysis of shape, dimensions and decorations. 3Dreconstruction was based on photographs and drawings processed with Blender software. Analysis of thefabric was accomplished by optical and SEM-EDS microscopy.The pot fragment with a red tint on the fracture (Munsell 7.5R 6/6) contains 5–10% white grains which are 2– 0.2 mm in size, sharp-edged, with an isometric shape, a platy habit and a glassy lustre. The grainsconcentrate on the both surfaces. Horizontal throwing marks can be noted on the interior, whereas the pot isblack-red on the exterior (Munsell 7.5R 2/1).The ceramic is composed of a medium homogenized clay mass (matrix) containing mineral grains. The matrixis poorly oriented, in some places with a turbulent arrangement and low porosity. The grains contain Ca andC, and small amounts of Si, Al, Mg, K and Na. The matrix comprises Si and Al, with the admixture of Ca, Feand Ti, and small amounts of K, Mg and Na.The ceramic material is composed of a raw material (sheet aluminosilicates – clay minerals) which have beenmultiply subject to high temperature, and of a temper, calcium carbonate(?) grains (probably calcite). Detailedanalysis with application of thin sections and advanced techniques will be required for a exact determinationof the composition and technological characteristics of the ceramic.This should allow for a comparison with similar vessels from western and upper Adriatic sites while furtheranalysis of the coarse wares from Podšilo will bring forth more detailed characterisation of its compositionand technological features, evidence the scale and origin of imports, and the local preferences in cookingwares in a timeframe of profound socio-economic changes.

Within multidisciplinary research carried out at Podšilo bay in Lopar on the island of Rab (north-eastern Adriatic), on the bases of movable finds and, possibly, geophysical measurements, evidence of ironworking has been detected within a Roman rural site where ceramic building materials production was ascertained before. Preliminary analyses of several samples of slug, iron objects and nearby collected minerals support the presumption of metallurgical activities occurring at the site. An overview of regional and wider analogies allows to propose several scenarios of iron working setup, scale and organisation.

For the last few decades ground-penetrating radar has been successfully applied in archaeological surveys of past architecture. Despite limitations such as debris layers, plant cover, still standing walls and other structures limiting available measurement area, properly performed GPR survey, even on a small area, can yield significant information concerning underground architectural remains. While GPR allows to successfully detect layout and depth of underground features it is not informative on materials and other properties. Only when supplemented with magnetometry it is possible to determine their physical nature, especially in the case of different burnt features, accumulations of ashes, furnaces and so- called negative features (holes, pits, etc). In other words, integration of these two geophysical method gives an insight into stratigraphy, transformations and physical structure (materials) of the underground architectural relicts. A method with which results obtained from GPR and magnetometry surveys can be successfully integrated, the Amplitude Data Comparison Method, was recently created. By presenting several case studies yielding from the Eastern Adriatic, the successful application of ADC allowed to detect late antique/early Medieval changes and subsequent use and transformations of Roman architectural complexes, mostly villas but also in (sub)urban areas. Processing methods and several types of results' visualizations will be illustrated, especially in those cases where wider research, such as historic sources, legacy data, field survey and subsequent excavations allowed to check the validity of the proposed procedures. Finally, it will be shown how the application of ADC can be successfully used for targeted excavations of those site's areas where the most comprehensive and complex architectural stratigraphy can be expected, but also to possible craft or production areas, that is how geophysics can be used not only as a preliminary tool, but also as a source for better understanding of wider archaeological areas and their diachronic change

While Roman rural settlements and villas of the Istrian peninsula have a long tradition of research, those of the adjacent Kvarner region (northern Liburnia, province Dalmatia) are less known and have only recently started to be studied topographically and through systematic excavations. In both regions late phases of occupation of these rural residential and productive sites have in the past been neglected and not properly valorised, as greater attention was devoted to earlier, more monumental structures. Thanks to two cases studies – Old Tar in the ager of Poreč and Podšilo bay settlement on the island of Rab – we wish to explore in more depth the changes taking place within the structures of former villas in late Antiquity, explore continuity and/or rupture of habitation, changes in building techniques and use of the villa spaces, and the outcome of these processes in the following centuries. Thanks to data related to craft activities present on both sites we will also explore the setup of new production features and the destiny of earlier production structures. Data derived from these case studies will be placed within a regional north-eastern Adriatic framework and compared to adjacent areas of norther and central Adriatic Italy and Dalmatia, in order to explore possible regional patterns or chronological discrepancies characteristic of each micro-region.

Instytut Archeologii UKSW w Warszawie oraz Instytut Archeologii w Zagrzebiu realizuje projekt „Archeologiczna topografia wyspy Rab”. W zatoce Podšilo na półwyspie Lopar odsłonięto fragmenty budowli kamiennych osadnictwa rzymskiego. W celu modelowania wysokości ścian i rekonstrukcji budynków wykonano badania właściwości petrofizycznych kamienia: wapieni i piaskowców. Badania geofizyczne (GPR i magnetyka) pozwoliły na lokalizacje budowli. Wykopaliska odsłoniły budowle, z których pobrano bloki kamienne do badań. Badania petrograficzne i mineralogiczne wykonano na szlifach, a parametry mechaniczne w złożonym stanie naprężeń: jednoosiowym rozciąganiu oraz jednoosiowym i trójosiowym ściskaniu. Do rekonstrukcji i wizualizacji zastosowano oprogramowanie oparte na fotogrametrii. Rozpoznano fundamenty i mury budynków o różnym przeznaczeniu. Do konstrukcji budynków użyto bloki kamienne drobnoziarnistych piaskowców o spoiwie węglanowym oraz wapieni pelitowych z żyłkami kalcytu. Mikrotomografia rentgenowska uszczegółowiła obserwacje mikroskopowe i określiła orientację nieciągłości oraz strukturę skał. Z badań parametrów mechanicznych wynika, że wapienie mają nieznacznie większą wytrzymałość oraz 4 razy większy moduł Younga od piaskowców. Prospekcja geofizyczna i odsłonięcie struktur budowli oraz charakterystyka petrograficzno-mineralogiczna i wytrzymałościowoodkształceniowa materiału kamiennego posłużą w przyszłości do odtworzenia architektury osadnictwa rzymskiego na wyspie Rab.

On the bases of archaeological and documentary data an overview of the burial evidence of Roman and late Antique date on the island of Rab (North East Adriatic, Croatia) is brought forth, spatially analysed and interpreted within the so- far defined rural settlement pattern. While aiding in the definition of burial practices and their diachronic changes, data derived from such evidence and interpreted from a social perspective can be indicative for continuity and changes within the island’s rural landscape organisation.

U istraživačkoj kampanji 2015. godine unutar sklopa rimske keramičarske radionice u središtu današnje Crikvenice, na području natkrivenih prostorija s podnicama, pronađen je privjesak s figuralnim prikazom ljudskoga lika. Analizom ikonografije ustanovljeno je kako je po svoj prilici riječ o prikazu heleniziranoga egipatskoga božanstva Horusa, odnosno grčko-rimskoga Harpokrata, koji zajedno s ostatkom Izidine gens tvori tzv. Aleksandrijsku obitelj ili trijadu/tetradu. Privjesak, izrađen od fajanse, smješta se u kontekst rijetkih sličnih predmeta pronađenih na istočnome Jadranu te u širi kontekst širenja Izidinoga kulta i uz njega asociranih vjerovanja na širem jadranskom prostoru, ali kao predmet osobne religioznosti odnosno vjerovanja, s mogućim apotropejskim, individualiziranim značenjem amuleta., A pendant representing a human figure was found during the 2015 excavation campaign within the Roman pottery workshop in the town centre of today’s Crikvenica (northeast Adriatic), in the area pertaining to the remains of roofed rooms with pavements. The iconographic analysis ascertained that, with all probability, it represents the Hellenised Egyptian deity Horus, that is, the Greco-Roman Harpocrates; along with the rest of the gens of Isis, he belongs to the “Alexandrine family” or triad/tetrad. The pendant, made of faience, can be placed alongside similar objects uncovered in the eastern Adriatic, within the wider context of spread of the cult of Isis and with it associated beliefs in the Adriatic area, but it can also be regarded in the light of personal religiousness or belief, possibly with the apotropaic, individualised significance of an amulet.

Proteklih su se desetljeća intenzivirale studije finog stolnog posuđa i amfora koje su izrađivane ili su pak trgovinom dospijevale u grčke gradove u Dalmaciji, dok se, s druge strane, o korištenom kuhinjskom posuđu, za sada još uvijek vrlo malo zna. Takvo stanje dijelom je rezultat dostupnosti istraženih arheoloških cjelina, koje se u slučaju Ise odnose pretežno na grobnice gdje je pojava kuhinjskog posuđa, barem u kontekstu najcjelovitije sačuvanih nalaza, grobnih priloga, bila gotovo pa zanemariva. U okviru istraživačkih aktivnosti HRZZ AdriaCos projekta Instituta za arheologiju započela je detaljna studija keramičkog materijala koji je, prilikom višegodišnjih arheoloških istraživanja Muzeja Staroga Grada (od 2009 -), pronađen u naseobinskom kontekstu antičkog Farosa (Stari Grad, otok Hvar). Osvrnut ćemo se na preliminarne aspekte arheološke i arheometrijske studije (geokemija, mineralogija, petrografija) grčkog kuhinjskog posuđa, koje ukazuju da se isto, barem u ranijim fazama naselja, uvozilo.

In the paper the use of GIS to diachronically analyse the settlement pattern detected through archaeological research is illustrated on the case study of the island ofRab (NE Adriatic, Croatia) and correlated with a model of the island's economic output, its environmental features and available data on regional changing climatic conditions. The obtained results are then interpreted within a wider Adriatic setting and a current theoretical framework which allows to correlate socio-economic and environmental indicators in the interpretation of archaeologically detected changes in the use of the landscape.

Od 1. veljače 2021. godine započeo je novi uspostavni istraživački projekt Hrvatske zaklade za znanost Transformiranje jadranskog kozmosa: otočnost, povezanost i glokalni identiteti predrimske Dalmacije (AdriaCos, UIP-2020-02-2419), čiji je nositelj Institut za arheologiju. Promišljajući o Jadranu kao geografskom i kulturnom prostoru koji je uvelike oblikovan društvenih akterima, projekt teži postavljanju novih temelja sagledavajući otočnost, povezanost i formiranje glokalnih identiteta predrimske Dalmacije u razdoblju posljednjeg tisućljeća pr. n. e., s naglaskom na njegovu drugu polovicu. Kroz materijalnu kulturu i društvenu praksu proučavaju se razni aspekti multikulturnog ispreplitanja i transformacije srednjeg Jadrana, s fokusom na otok Hvar, odnosno grčki grad Faros i željeznodobni Hvar, te se istovremeno uspoređuju s drugim otočnim i obalnim zajednicama. Ključni podaci prikupljeni primjenom moderne teorije i interdisciplinarnih metodologija koristit će se za stvaranje novih uvida u razvoj grčkih gradova u Dalmaciji, slojevitih procesa korištenja i aproprijacije materijalne kulture, kao i načina na koji su kulturni predlošci selektivno usvojeni i adaptirani kako u „lokalnom“ tako i „kolonijalnom“ kontekstu, ali isto tako i za osporavanje postojećih kulturno-povijesnih narativa o jednostranom širenju grčkih utjecaja. Prve projektne aktivnosti uključile su: terenski pregled Staroga Grada i Hvara s okolicom, koji je u potrazi za farskom i hvarskom nekropolom izvršen i pomoću cadaver (HRD) pasa Centra S.PAS, specijaliziranih za detekciju ljudskih ostataka ; arheološka iskopavanja na prapovijesnoj gradini Gračišće u Starogradskom polju ; rad na urbanoj topografiji Farosa (GIS), te obradu (bio) arheološke građe iz Hvara (Farosa, Hvara, Gračišća), Visa (Isa), Trogira i Sikula. Istraživanja na otoku Hvaru provode se u suradnji s Muzejom Staroga Grada, hvarskom firmom Kantharos i Javnom ustanovom Agencijom za upravljanjem Starogradskim poljem, a uz ostale suradnje (Arheološki muzej u Splitu, Muzej grada Trogira), kroz istraživačku grupu projekt uključuje stručnjake/znanstvenike s četiri kontinenta (Europa, Australija, Južna Amerika i SAD).

Od 2013. godine projektom „Arheološka topografija otoka Raba“ otočnoj se arhologiji pristupa holistički i interdisciplinarno, obuhvaćajući sva razdoblja i arheološke zapise prisutne na otoku. Ipak, a uglavnom zbog niza novih podataka koji su prikupljeni kroz aktivnosti projekta, jedan znatniji segment istraživanja usmjeren je prema rimskim rezidencijalno-gospodarskim sklopovima koji se smještaju unutar otočnih polja ili uz obalu. Tako je fokus projekta kroz nekoliko posljednjih kamapanja bio usmjeren na antički rezidencijalno-gospodarski ruralni kompleks koji je aktivnije funkcionirao od 1. do 4. stoljeća unutar uvale Siće, na rtu Zidine u sjeverozapadnom dijelu poluotoka Lopara na otoku Rabu. Neinvazivnim metodama istraživanja i dokumentiranja lokaliteta upotpunjena je ranija, ponešto opća slika ovog antičkog obalnog kompleksa. Daljinskim istraživanjima omogućeno je bolje razumijevanje gospodarenja ovim prostorom, dok je prva cjelovita analiza do sad poznatih pokretnih nalaza te vidljivih arhitektonskih struktura rezultirala mogućnošću jasnije interpretacije funkcije kompleksa zajedno s njegovom užom datacijom., Since 2013, the “Archaeological topography of the island of Rab” project has approached the island’s archaeology holistically and interdisciplinary, tackling all periods and archaeological evidence present on the island. Nevertheless, mostly due to a large amount of new data, a significant segment of research is devoted to Roman residential and production complexes, located either in the island’s fields or along the coast. Thus, for the last few project campaigns, the site of the residential and production complex, roughly dated to the 1st – 4th century and located in Siće bay, on cape Zidine in the northwestern part of Lopar, was particularly in focus. By non-invasive field research and remains documentation the previous, somewhat general, picture of this coastal site was enriched by numerous new data. Remote sensing allowed a better understanding of the management of the wider areas, while a more comprehensive analysis of finds and visible architectural remains resulted in clearer interpretations of the function of the complex and its more precise dating.

While circulation and consumption of foreign, Hellenistic, fine wares in the area of the Kvarner gulf (NE Adriatic, Croatia) during the regional late Iron age has been attested by mostly stray and necropolises finds at both insular and coastal sites, allowing its dating from the 4th c. BCE, evidence from stratigraphic settlement contexts are rare, especially for the earliest periods of its circulation. Thanks to the interdisciplinary research carried out by a Polish-Croatian team on the island of Rab (Kvarner gulf, NE Adriatic, Croatia), a late Iron Age hillfort with multiple settlement units and other accompanying features was identified by geophysical prospection at Kaštelina hillfort (Stolac cape, Lopar), while a segment of one such unit is being excavated. Previously collected surface finds and aforementioned recent excavations, among others, allowed to determine a number of wares and shapes of imported fine pottery, but also to place them in context with, most probably local coarse wares and other finds evidencing everyday activities at the site. The context, dated by 14C to the 4th c. BCE, is thus encompassing also the earliest period of circulation of Hellenistic wares in the region, allowing us to study, though still preliminarily, the modes of appropriation of foreign table ware within a local community of the Kvarner area.

Interes znanstvenika i istraživača za razne aspekte urbanizma Liburnije, pa i njenog najsjevernijeg dijela (Kvarnera, Hrvatskog i podvelebitskog primorja), moguće je pratiti od samih početaka razvoja arheološke znanosti i osnutka prvih, mahom muzejskih arheoloških ustanova. S druge strane, iako je suodnos grada i sela okupirao neka od najznačajnijih imena hrvatske arheologije, terenska su se istraživanja zadržala na uglavnom nepotpunim ili tek zaštitnim istraživanjima pojedinih ruralnih sklopova, kumulativno i često nekritički nazivanih vilama. Posljednjih je godina različitim projektima, ali često i slučajnim nalazima te reinterpretacijom postojećih podataka, prikupljen niz novih spoznaja koje daju širi uvid u organizaciju ruralnoga krajolika (sjeverne) Liburnije, uključujući njezin kopneni dio i otoke. Temeljeći se na tim, često multidisciplinarnim rezultatima, ovim će se prilogom pristupiti ruralnim područjima s aspekta antičke organizacije samoga krajolika i gospodarskih aktivnosti koje su se ondje odvijale. Naime, uzimajući u obzir pokazatelje antičkoga gospodarstva i njihove značajke, ali i neke druge indikatore, moguće je predložiti nekoliko modela (re)organizacije ruralnih teritorija već od najranijeg antičkog razdoblja, utvrditi osnovne grane gospodarstva temeljeći se na rekonstrukciji dostupnih sirovina i resursa te predložiti modalitete distribucije proizvoda, a samim time i organizacije trgovine. Upravo potonje, kao spona sela i grada, neraskidivo povezuje ruralne posjede i teritorije s urbanim naseljima u njihovom okruženju, omogućavajući šire sagledavanje antičke ekonomije sjeverne Liburnije te praćenje njezina razvoja sve do samoga sutona antike.

While literary sources suggest a wine-producing industry in Roman Dalmatia, its scale and character are still elusive due to, especially for certain micro-regions, relatively modest data on the actual production loci. In such cases turning to indirect evidence of wine production is the only approach allowing to understand this activity, and to attempt to assess its scale and actors involved. On this occasion we will focus on early Imperial amphorae types whose production has been ascertained and located in the northern part of ancient province Dalmatia, that is, Liburnia. In fact, the identification of several types usually connected to the transport of wine allows to better understand this branch of the Roman economy through the study of objects, landscape connected with their production and patterns of their distribution. What emerges is a regional vocation towards wine production, driven by foreign investment through the setup of rural productive complexes whose output targeted the regional, but in some instances possibly a wider Adriatic market.

In the last centuries BCE both coasts of the Adriatic Sea were characterised by increased presence of various classes of fine wares, both of local production and imported. Political upheavals, market shifts and seaborne connectivity significantly expanded as Roman commercial interests spread along and across the Mare Superum, just as local consumption and appropriation practices created a different regional picture for each segment of both Adriatic coasts. This paper will attempt to offer an up-to- date assessment of the fine wares and shapes present on the Eastern Adriatic, following their development through the advanced 2nd and into the 1st c. BCE as well as present challenges and several methodological issues in their study. In pursue of provenance of wares and particularities of local and micro-regional functional and typological repertoires, contextualized though different aspects of social practices in daily life - from setting tables and dining, to funerary customs and religious practices - the available evidence/assemblages from settlement sites, be it urban or rural, i.e. places of household use, necropolises, and sanctuaries of Eastern Adriatic region will be examined. This will give way to insights into the changes/continuity of the localized nature of insular and coastal consumption practices, observed within their cultural context, and explore aspects of introduction of new production technology, market shifts and the degree of integration within a common Eastern Adriatic ceramic koiné, if one ever did emerge.

Kroz dva stoljeća arheoloških istraživanja na području antičke Salone definirani su najznačajniji elementi urbanoga rastera i njihov razvoja od najranijih faza do u kasnu antiku. Istraživanja su pratile objave brojnih monumentalnih nalaza i značajnih epigrafskih spomenika, dok je sitni pokretni materijal unutar toga korpusa nešto slabije zastupljen. Prilikom postavljanja izložbe "Salona iza Porta Andetrija" u organizaciji Arheološkog muzeja u Splitu, kojom su predstavljeni rezultati zaštitnih istraživanja u ulici Stjepana Radića u Solinu koja je provela tvrtka Kaukal d.o.o., preliminarno je pregledana sva građa koja se odnosi na kućansko posuđe odnosno finu, stolnu, kuhinjsku i skladišnu keramiku. Time je omogućena statistička obrada temeljena na oko 1100 dijagnostičkih ulomaka te iznošenje nekoliko zapažanja koja se, uz kronološke značajke, odnose na prisutnost pojedinih, ponekad na Jadranu rjeđe zastupljenih keramičkih vrsta, omogućavajući tako njihovo sagledavanje unutar dosad poznatih trendova cirkulacije keramičkih proizvoda te pružajući presjek svakodnevice salonitanskoga Urbs orientalis.