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Dans les exploitations cotonnieres a l'Ouest du Burkina Faso, les bovins de trait dont le role est capital (energie, fumure, et d'autres) dans la durabilite du systeme agricole sont plus affectes au deficit fourrager en saison seche. Pour y faire face, les residus de recolte issus des cereales cultivees principalement en rotation avec le cotonnier peuvent jouer un role important. Cette etude vise a analyser la disponibilite des residus de cereales pour leur utilisation optimale dans l'alimentation animale. Elle s'est deroulee dans neuf villages des provinces du Mouhoun et du Tuy de la zone cotonniere Ouest du Burkina Faso et a concerne 72 producteurs de coton constitues d'agriculteurs, d'eleveurs et d'agroeleveurs. La collecte des donnees a consiste en des enquetes aupres des menages et des mesures de biomasse dans les principales parcelles de mais, mil et sorgho a travers la pose de 522 placettes de 25 [m.sup.2]. La valeur nutritive des residus de recolte a ete estimee par la methode de la spectrometrie dans le proche infrarouge. Les resultats ont montre que les superficies moyennes emblavees pour le mais, mil et sorgho ont ete respectivement de 3,8 [+ ou -]3,7, 2,9 [+ ou -]2,3 et de 1,7 [+ ou -]1,4ha. Les rendements en biomasse ont ete respectivement de 3,2 [+ ou -]1,4, 2,5 [+ ou -]0,9 et de 4,9 [+ ou -]2,6 tonnes de matiere seche par hectare, avec des capacites de charge animale respectives de 2,0 [+ ou -]0,9, 2,0 [+ ou -]0,9 et 3,0 [+ ou -]1,6 UBT/ha. Les bilans fourragers saisonniers enregistres chez les agriculteurs, eleveurs et agroeleveurs ont ete respectivement de 0,68, -22,59 et -2,24 UBT. La teneur moyenne en energie metabolisable (7,55 MJ/kgMS) et la digestibilite in vitro (46,89 [+ ou -] 2,57%) des residus de recolte du sorgho ont ete superieures respectivement a celles du mil (6,56 [+ ou -] 0,35 MJ/kgMS et 41,83 [+ ou -] 0,88%) et du mais (7,10 [+ ou -] 0,58 MJ/kgMS et 44,40 [+ ou -] 0,86%). Les teneurs en matieres azotees totales des tiges de cereales ont ete faibles. Elles ont ete comprises entre 3,16 [+ ou -] 0,27% et 4,64 [+ ou -] 0,81% pour respectivement les residus de recolte de sorgho et du mais, ce qui met en exergue la necessite de complementation avec des sources proteiques dans l'utilisation alimentaire de ces residus de recolte dans les exploitations cotonnieres. Une orientation davantage des producteurs vers le sorgho pourrait ameliorer l'offre fourragere et contribuer au renforcement de l'integration agriculture-elevage et donc de la durabilite du systeme de production. Mots-cles : Cereales, Mil, Mais, Sorgho, Valeur nutritive, Rendement, Bilan fourrager, Bovin On cotton farms in western Burkina Faso, draught cattle, which play a vital role (energy, manure, and others) in the sustainability of the farming system, are more affected by the fodder deficit in the dry season. Crop residues from cereals grown mainly in rotation with cotton can play an important role in coping with this situation. This study analysed the availability of cereal stalks for optimal use in animal feed. The study was conducted in nine villages in the Mouhoun and Tuy provinces of Burkina Faso's western cotton-growing zone and involved 72 cotton farmers, livestock breeders, and agro-pastoralists. Data collection consisted of household surveys and biomass measurements of the main maize, millet, and sorghum plots, using 522 plots of 25m2. The nutritional value of the crop residues was estimated using near-infrared spectrometry. The results showed that the average area sown for maize, millet, and sorghum were 3.8 [+ or -] 3.7, 2.9 [+ or -] 2.3 and 1.7 [+ or -] 1.4 hectares, respectively. Biomass yields were 3.2 [+ or -] 1.4, 2.5 [+ or -] 0.9 and 4.9 [+ or -] 2.6 tons of dry matter per hectare, respectively, with respective animal carrying capacities of 2.0 [+ or -] 0.9, 2.0 [+ or -] 0.9 and 3.0 [+ or -] 1.6 tropical cattle units (TCU) per hectare. The seasonal fodder balances recorded for farmers' stockbreeders and agro-pastoralists were 0.68, 22.59, and -2.24 TCU, respectively. The average metabolisable energy content (7.55 MJ/kg of dry matter) and in vitro digestibility (46.89 [+ or -] 2.57%) of sorghum residues were respectively higher than those of millet (6.56 [+ or -] 0.35 MJ/kgDM et 41.83 [+ or -]0,88%) and maize (7.10 [+ or -] 0.58 MJ/kgDM et 44.40 [+ or -] 0.86%). The total nitrogen content of the cereal stalks was low. They were between 3.16 [+ or -] 0.27% and 4.64 [+ or -] 0.81% for sorghum and maize harvest residues, respectively, which highlights the need for protein supplementation in the use of these harvest residues on cotton farms. If producers focused more on sorghum, this could improve the supply of fodder and strengthen the integration of agriculture and livestock farming, and hence the sustainability of the production system. Key words: Cereals, Millet, Maize, Sorghum, Nutritional value, Yield, Fodder balance, Cattle, INTRODUCTION A l'Ouest du Burkina Faso, la baisse progressive de la productivite des terres agricoles resultant notamment de la pression demographique (exploitation et expansion continues des terres agricoles) et des [...]

Background: The use of uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) devices for intrauterine packing and management of vaginal bleeding by uterine atony has shown promising results in improving the quality of care and reducing maternal mortality. Objective: This report aims to provide an overview of progress made in implementing UBT devices in northern Cote d'Ivoire. Material and methods: A four-year retrospective study was conducted in the North-East (163,645), North-Center (351,909), and North-West (57,983). In 2017, UBT was adopted by members of the healthcare system. Subsequently, 5 national and 32 regional trainers have been trained. The training session was a theoretical and practical program with a low simulator. UBT is a male condom tied to a urinary catheter, filled with liquid. Positive outcomes included stopping bleeding, avoiding the need for surgery, and preventing maternal deaths (MD). In 2018, 3,515 UBT devices were distributed. In 2019, monitoring tools and transmission circuits of the data were validated. In 2020, the collection of data and local manufacturing was launched. Results: During the process, 978 health workers, mainly midwife (52.0%) and nurses (32.2%) out of the 1,295 assigned were trained. The number of trained individuals decreased from 209 in 2019 to 160 in 2020. A total of 1,715 UBT devices were locally manufactured, adding to the existing gift of 5,080 devices, with total availability of 6,795. The distribution of devices increased from 2017 to 2019 but decreased in 2020. Success rates increased from 87.3% in 2017 (365/418) to 95.0% in 2019 (556/585) and slightly decreased in 2020 to 98.0% (681/695). Adverse outcomes (144/2,193), included MD (35/2,193) and medical evacuation to the surgical center (109/2,193). Conclusion: The implementation of UBT in northern Cote d'Ivoire successfully reduced maternal death rates caused by immediate post-partum hemorrhage (IPPH). However, to ensure sustainability, further improvements are needed, including increased monitoring, ongoing training, and device availability.

IntroductionThe recent introduction of modern contraceptive methods in resource-limited countries is confronted with the occurrence of undesirable effects that hinder their use in the long term. This study conducted among the users of the Ivorian Association for Family Well-Being in Korhogo describes the libido–sexual problems associated with the discontinuation of injectable contraceptives in former users. The objective of the study was to identify the factors that led to the abandonment of injectable contraceptives among female users of the Ivorian Association for Family Well-Being in Korhogo between 2018 and 2019.Materials and methodsQualitative data were collected from 15 former users (24–38 years old) of injectable contraceptives duration of 2–3 months. Additional data were collected from five health workers aged 35–60 years. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore the experience with injectable contraceptives and reasons for discontinuation. Following data collection, audio-recorded data were transcribed, translated, and coded using thematic analysis through an inductive approach.ResultsSide effects identified as associated with injectable contraceptives include libido–sexual disorders, unusual bleeding, and weight gain. The most common reason for discontinuation were libido–sexual disorders, which impacted the households’ intimacy and provoked their abandonment or the change of contraceptive methods among injectable contraceptive users.ConclusionAdverse events were dominated by libido–sexual disorders, unusual bleeding, and weight gain leading to the abandonment or change of the contraceptive. These results suggest points of intervention for increasing continuation among users. This intervention should include training of health workers to investigate and manage adverse events related to the use of injectable contraceptives and the improvement of communication between health workers and users on adverse events of injectable contraceptive use.

In 1995, the WHO Regional Office for Africa launched a logistics project to address the four main areas of immunization logistics: the cold chain, transport, vaccine supply and quality, and the safety of injections in the countries of the region. The impact of this logistic approach on immunization injection safety was evaluated through surveys of injection procedures and an analysis of the injection materials (e.g. sterilizable or disposable syringes) chosen by the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) and those actually seen to be used. Re-use of injection materials without sterilization, accidental needle-stick injuries among health care workers, and injection-related abscesses in patients were common in countries in the WHO African Region. Few health centres used time-steam saturation-temperature (TST) indicators to check the quality of sterilization and, in many centres, the injection equipment was boiled instead of being steam sterilized. Facilities for the proper disposal of used materials were rarely present. Although the official EPI choice was to use sterilizable equipment, use of a combination of sterilizable and disposable equipment was observed in the field. Unsafe injection practices in these countries were generally due to a failure to integrate nursing practices and public awareness with injection safety issues, and an absence of the influence of EPI managers on health care service delivery. Holistic rather than logistic approaches should be adopted to achieve safe injections in immunization, in the broader context of promoting safe vaccines and safety of all injections. Keywords: Africa; disease transmission, horizontal; equipment reuse and safety; evaluation studies, immunization programmes, organization and administration; injections, adverse effects., Introduction According to studies conducted between 1989 and 1994, unsafe injection practices are widespread in West and East Africa. For example, in West Africa in 1989 the annual rate of [...]

Since its independence in 1960, Cфte d’Ivoire has opted for an industrial policy that has given rise to two major types of agrofood industry. The first is small-scale units owned by nationals and the second is agro-food industries owned by large international firms that mainly export their products. This strategy has led to commodity specialisation that deteriorates the terms of trade. Thus, despite a significant industrial sector, the country suffers from deteriorating trade terms due to an overly extroverted economy, the corollary of which is over-indebtedness. This paper compares the performance of domestic and international markets of Cфte d’Ivoire to identify the type of agro-food industry that should be promoted for development. The ripple effects in domestic and international markets are estimated and compared using the Leontief model and data from the Cфte d’Ivoire Input-Output Table of 2018. We show that the cocoa and coffee processing branch of the agro-food industry is commercially outward-oriented, the oilseed industry is commercially mixed or dual-oriented, and the other branches are commercially inward-oriented. The ripple effects of the domestic market are almost four times higher than those of the external market. The high rate of population growth, galloping urbanization and the social nature of food are key determinants of the findings. We conclude that the domestic market better stimulates the development of the agro-food industry. We therefore recommend a strategy of orienting products towards domestic and West African markets, which could lead the country to sustainable economic development more rapidly.

Aims: The authors tested the effectiveness of honey on various kind of wounds. They report in this work, the preliminary results of their study. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study over a period of 12 months was achieved in orthopedic trauma unit of the University Hospital of Cocody Abidjan. Thirty-seven patients with various kind of wounds were included in the study. Honey dressings were made every 48 hours. Results: The evolution of the wounds was satisfactory on bacteriological and local levels, with a shorter healing time. Conclusion: The use of honey in wound treatment dates back to ancient times. Currently we rediscover its healing properties. Because of its high sugar concentration and its acid pH, the honey is undeniably a hyperosmotic environment which inhibits the growth of pathogens. Honey also contains two product groups that act directly as antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]