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Exosomes are small nanovesicles that are produced through the fusion of multiple veins and plasma membranes, then escaping into adjacent body fluids. Considerable attention has been paid to them due to their potential as delivery vehicles for drugs. Exosomes play a key role in many physiological processes that occur both in healthy and ill states. The production of exosomes depends on the state of the disease, but the disease itself often serves the opposite function by promoting more cell damage and stress. Traditional drug delivery methods often face limitations in terms of specificity, targeted delivery and drug release kinetics. Exosomes have emerged as promising candidates for drug delivery due to their natural ability to selectively deliver cargoes to recipient cells. Exosomes are taken up through various mechanisms, including endocytosis and fusion with target cells. They can encapsulate poorly soluble drugs, enhancing their bioavailability and improving their therapeutic efficacy. Exosomes inspired Lipid Nanovesicles (Exo-LNVs) have shown promising results as drug delivery vehicles. Exosomes have considerable potential as sophisticated vehicle for the delivery of targeted drugs and genes due to their unique characteristics, including inherent stability, minimal immunity and exceptional ability to penetrate tissues and cells. Therapeutic interventions have the capacity to increase effectiveness, reduce side effects and increase patient compliance. Exosomes have the ability to transport various therapeutic by encapsulating different substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules. Recent advancements in exosome-inspired lipid nanovesicles have opened up new possibilities for cell-specific drug delivery. These nanovesicles mimic the composition and structure of exosomes, which are naturally occurring extracellular vesicles released by cells. By incorporating therapeutic agents into the lipid nanovesicles, they can effectively target and deliver drugs to specific cells of interest. This review article aims to summarize the current literature on Exo-LNVs and discuss their potential as drug delivery vehicles. A systematic search was conducted to identify relevant studies and relevant data were extracted and analyzed. The review covers various aspects of Exo-LNVs, including their composition, preparation methods and applications in various disease conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of using medicinal plants for the production and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted growing research interest. In this study, AgNPs are synthesized from the stem barks of the Pyrus pashia medicinal plant using a biosynthetic strategy. The reaction conditions were optimized under ambient conditions, including concentration, temperature, time, and pH, and various techniques were employed, such as UVvisible, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TEM, to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The AgNPs produced through this biosynthesis method were found to be spherical and polydispersed, with an average size of 23.92 ± 7.04 nm. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated an enhanced DPPH free radical scavenging capacity compared to the aqueous extract, with IC50 values of 10.67 ± 0.05 µg/mL and 13.66 ± 0.35 µg/mL, respectively. In the agar well diffusion method, the synthesized AgNPs showed higher antibacterial activity than that of the extract against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and Shigella sonnei (ATCC 25931). Based on these findings, the study suggests that green synthesized AgNPs from P. pashia could be used for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 33 KDa serine hydrolase enzyme known as monoacylglycerol lipase is associated with a number of physiological processes in people, including pain, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. The enzyme has been discovered to be associated with the endocannabinoid lipid signalling network system and has been found to be present in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Enzyme support the growth of cancer and tumour cells by acting as a source of free fatty acids. It has been noted that the enzyme's activity is elevated in dividing and expanding cells in a number of cancer types. The signalling molecules phosphotidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine phosphate, and prostaglandin E2 are found to be free fatty acid-derived and have been linked to the proliferation, migration, and survival of cancer cells. They also rise as a result of enzyme activity. In the current work, we have carried out the identification task and screening investigation for the newly developed carbamate derivatives as anti-cancer moieties using docking and other computational tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cancer kills most of the people. Breast cancer will have the highest cases in 2020. Geography, genetics, hormones, oral contraceptives, and lifestyle may cause breast cancer, which may be treated in many ways. Radiation, chemotherapy, hormone treatment, and immunotherapy for breast cancer. Due to non-selectivity, multidrug resistance, and bioavailability, standard breast cancer treatments need to be enhanced. Aim: This review's main goal is to provide information about effective natural cancer treatments. Method: All the data were collected from published paper which are indexing in SCOPUS, Web of Science and UGC. Result and Conclusion: In recent decades, efforts have been made to find anticancer drugs based on phytochemicals. In order to better understand phytochemicals as possible medications and reliable research subjects, the authors wish to expand the field of inquiry. Therefore, understanding of anticancer phytochemicals is stressed for the treatment of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]