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For a long time, tourism statistics were the only reliable source of information on tourism mobility. Tourism statistics are inadequate for the analysis of tourist mobility within state borders and across Schengen Borders without using registered accommodations. Big data offers the opportunity to gain a better understanding of tourism movements, for example, same-day tourist flows in metropolitan areas. Here, we introduce the concept of the satellite traveller to more effectively investigate the nature of tourism between the large city and its surroundings. As tourists communicate via cellular devices, the use of mobile phones offers an opportunity for researchers to explore the mobility pattern of tourists. In this article, we discuss the specificities of mobility in Hungary by SIM card users registered in foreign countries. The analysis is based on the Telekom database. We seek to answer the question to what extent the information from the satellite tourists' mobile phone use can help to understand their movements and to identify frequented places less commonly accounted for in tourism statistics. The most important findings of our investigation are (1) the confirmation of former knowledge about spatial characteristics of same-day tourist flows in the Budapest Metropolitan Region, (2) the insight that far away settlements are also visited by satellite travellers, and (3) the methodological limitations of mobile phone cellular data for tourism mobility analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tanulmány az 1992-2006 közötti időszakban indított csőd- és felszámolási (fizetésképtelenség0 eljárások számának és a regisztrált társas vállalkozásokra vetített arányának (ftzetésképtelenségi arány) földrajzi jellemzőit vizsgálja. A tcmulmányban bemutaüuk a fizetésképtelenség területi dichotómiáit, lehatároljuk hazánk fizetőképesség szempontjából kedvezőtlennek minősíthető térségeit. Az írás végén a vállalkozássűrűségre és a fizetésképtelenségre vonatkozó adatok segítségével kísérlet történik a „társas vállalkozások terének" tipizálására is. A munka elsősorban leíró jellegű, mindemellett érdekes adalékként szolgálhat Magyarország rendszerváltozás utáni társadalmi-gazdasági folyamatainak komplex elemzéséhez.

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Statistics is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the role of national policies in the process of metropolization and metropolitan region building in Budapest. In the long term, the example of Budapest clearly shows the twists and turns of national policy-making between concentration to increase competitiveness and equal distribution designed to enhance social integration. The geographical and geopolitical position of Budapest has altered significantly since the collapse of communism. From the periphery of Moscow, the city and its hinterland became a political, economic and cultural centre of Central Europe. Therefore, it is an intriguing question if national policies actively build on the role of Budapest as engine of economic restructuring and a gateway to the global flows of capital and innovation. The paper provides a critical analysis of current policies with special attention to the process of metropolitan region building. As research findings show, policy-making in Hungary has not focused on metropolisation and metropolitan region building in the last two decades. Policy-making has had a clear follow-up character and decision-makers from the administrative side could not efficiently contribute to metropolisation and enhance the competitiveness of the metropolitan region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This essay tries to demonstrate the possibilities and hindrances of the regulation of spatial processes in the globalized world. The author unfolds the interconnectedness of spatiality and normativity as well as the spatial effects of normative regulation. A legal geographical approach can be detected in the text, the exposed theories are strongly saturated with the normative space concept. The author deems, that the spatial processes can be originated in normative actions. The centralized states tried to regulate the spatial processes with legal regulations, but they are ineffective in the globalized world. Nowadays states are trans- formed by transnationalization and the scope of their power and law-making is weaking. Besides the law - which was one of the most important social normative system in the 20. century - exist a plethora of normative systems in the society, the regulative monopoly or primacy of states is a thing of the past. The modern concept of normative pluralism points out, that interactions of transnational corporations (TNC'S) produce transnational norms, which are independent from the law-making of states. The rise of the new lex mercatoria (constructed by transnational norms) creates the global legal pluralism, therefore governments couldn't regulate the spatial processes by the help of law. In consequence of this, the present normative system of regional development can't reach its original purposes, it is incapable of starting factual convergences between developing and declining regions. Due to sovereign transnational economy exist and increase the spatial disparities, and the legal regulation of states haven't sufficient potency for coordination of the spatial parameters of economy. The author suggests, that states should revaluate the legal possibilities and rearrange the instruments of regional development. States have to focus a new spatial regulation, since the traditional regional development has never been completely prosperous in circumstances of globalisation. Instead of the regional equalization states have to center the competitiveness of people, focus upon the sub- and supranational regulation and enhance the metaregulation, besides this governments have to reserve some crucial instruments in case of enormous regional disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of pharmaceuticals is constantly increasing in the environment. The pharmaceuticals are gone through metabolic processes and then excreted from humans or animals unchanged or as active metabolites. In this way, they are repeatedly discharged into domestic waste waters. Their solubility in water is different, therefore the persistence and bioavailability in the aquatic environment depend on their sorption on the solid phase. During the sewage treatment pharmaceuticals may be adsorbed onto the sludge or remained unchanged in the water phase. Furthermore, recycled water and wastewater sludge are often used in agriculture, so these materials can be appeared in the environment not only by direct release of effluents to waterways. The extent of contamination risk depends on the behaviour of drug under various conditions, including how quickly it decomposes and how fast adsorbs to the soil particles. The chemical characteristics of the pharmaceuticals may influence how and to what extent these compounds accumulate in the environment. It is assumed that the chemical character of the pharmaceuticals such as water solubility, the dissociation constants and the n-octanol/water partition coefficient, has a substantial effect on the binding mechanism and consequently this, the extent of the sorption. The present study focuses on the sorption of diclofenac, lidocaine, carbamazepine, 17-alpha-ethinyl-estradiol and lamotrigine on a hydromorphic soil. The adsorbent was contained small amounts of organic matter and smectite. Adsorption of pharmaceuticals on the soil was examined to estimate the effect of their intrinsic chemical properties on the sorption. Adsorption isotherms were applied using Langmuir and a Polanyi-based models in a batch technique experiment under ambient conditions. The concentration of pharmaceuticals were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) applying fluorescence and PDA detectors.The higher n-octanol/water partition coefficient value of diclofenac and 17-alpha-ethinyl-estradiol would suggest that their hydrophobic interactions are more prominent. Our results provide further information on the fate of pharmaceuticals with different chemical properties in the environment. This research was supported by Hungarian National Research and Innovation Office NKFIH (NVKP 16-1-2016-0003). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]