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Cryptostigma cecropiaphilum Kondo & Roubik, sp. nov. Material examined (Coccidae). Holotype. Adult ♀. Left label: Cryptostigma / cecropiaphilum Kondo & / Roubik, Ecuador, Orellana / Prov., Yasuní Biosphere / Reserve, ca 14km North of / PUCE Scientific Field / Station, March 2018 / Coll. David W. Roubik. Right label: ex inside hollow stem of / Cecropia ficifolia Warb. / ex Snethl (Urticaceae) / inside nest of Plebeia sp. / Acid Fuchsin Stain / Canada Balsam, 1(1) (CTNI: No. 7109) . Paratypes. Same data as holotype, 54(58 specimens: 17 adult ♀♀ + 10 third-instar nymphs + 24 second-instar nymphs + 7 first-instar nymphs) (CTNI: No. 7109); same data as holotype except date is May 2019, coll. D. Roubik and A. Argoti, 14(15 specimens: 12 adult females + 3 third-instar nymphs) (CTNI: No. 7109); Francisco Orellana Province, Yasuni Biosphere Reserve, PUCE Scientific Field Station, 21.xi.2017, coll. David W. Roubik, inside hollow stem of Cecropia ficifolia Warb. Ex Snethl (Urticaceae), tended by Azteca sp. ants, 2(4 first-instar nymphs) (CTNI: No. 7109); Francisco Orellana Province, Yasuni Biosphere Reserve, PUCE Scientific Field Station, 10.xii.2019, coll. David W. Roubik, inside hollow stem of Cecropia sciadophylla Mart. (Urticaceae), 4(6 specimens: 1 adult female + 5 first-instar nymphs) (QCAZ)., Published as part of Kondo, Takumasa & Roubik, David W., 2022, Description of a new ant- and stingless-bee-loving species of Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Ecuador living inside internodes of Cecropia (Urticaceae), with an updated key to the adult females and first-instar nymphs of the genus, pp. 543-554 in Zootaxa 5190 (4) on page 546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5190.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7138503

Key to adult females of species of Cryptostigma Ferris (modified from Kondo 2010) 1 Ventral tubular ducts present............................................................................ 2 - Ventral tubular ducts absent............................................................................. 3 2(1) With multilocular disc-pores just posterior to antennae. Dorsum with 60 or more orbicular pores. Associated with ants......................................................................................... C. saundersi Laing - Without multilocular disc-pores around antennae. Dorsum with fewer than 35 orbicular pores. Associated with stingless bees................................................................................... C. chacoense Kondo 3(1) Margin of dorsal stigmatic sclerotization dentate (similar to the chain of a chainsaw)................ C. serratum Kondo - Margin of dorsal stigmatic sclerotization smooth, not dentate.................................................. 4 4(3) Dorsum with orbicular pores............................................................................ 5 - Dorsum without orbicular pores........................................................................ 11 5(4) Dorsum with 2 orbicular pores. Multilocular disc-pores present on each side of mouthparts....... C. biorbiculus Morrison - Dorsum with 3 or more orbicular pores. Multilocular disc-pores absent from around mouthparts...................... 6 6(5) Dorsum with a small group of many setae present next to each stigmatic sclerotization. Dorsal derm becoming tessellate in mature specimens. Orbicular pores totaling 3‒8.............................................. C. philwardi Kondo - Dorsal setae absent. Dorsal derm not tessellated in mature specimens. Orbicular pores totaling 3 or 5.................. 7 7(6) Dorsum with 5 orbicular pores.......................................................................... 8 - Dorsum with 3 orbicular pores.......................................................................... 9 8(7) Multilocular pores abundant around vulva and median areas of abdominal segments, and often a few on last thoracic segments too; also present in a submarginal band extending from vulvar area alongside anal cleft to posterior spiracular pore band on each side of body. Cribriform platelets present, each square, round or irregularly shaped and each with 2‒10 pores. Dorsum without clusters of small simple pores (apart from those in the platelets). Some antennal fleshy setae with apices not knobbed. Derm around body margin rugose............................................................. C. urichi (Cockerell) - Multilocular pores abundant around vulva and posterior abdominal segments, but not distributed as above. Cribriform platelets absent. Dorsum with clusters of 4‒10 small simple pores. Antennal fleshy setae with apices always knobbed. Derm around body margin smooth................................................................... C. inquilinum (Newstead) 9(7) Body margin heavily papillate. With very few or no multilocular pores near margin of abdominal apex.. C. gullanae Kondo - Body margin not papillate, although may be somewhat rugose. Numerous multilocular pores present around submargin of abdomen.......................................................................................... 10 10(9) Body about 2x longer than wide. Each stigmatic cleft with 1 stigmatic seta. Associated with ants...... C. jonmartini Kondo - Body about as long as wide. Each stigmatic cleft with 3 stigmatic setae. Associated with stingless bees.................................................................................................. C. melissophilum Kondo 11(4) Dorsum without sclerotic pores. Legs greatly reduced, but each with about 4 segments, each segment mostly quadrate........................................................................................ C. mexicanum Kondo - Dorsum with sclerotic pores. Legs greatly reduced, usually each represented by a rudimentary claw or small sclerotized disc with associated pores and setae......................................................................... 12 12(11) Sclerotic pores arranged in square- to rectangular-shaped groups. Dorsal microducts each with outer ductule long and heavily sclerotized, swollen near duct opening.............................................. C. reticulolaminae Morrison - Sclerotic pores not arranged as above. Dorsal microducts each with outer ductule long or short; if long, neither swollen near duct opening nor heavily sclerotized..................................................................... 13 13(12) Stigmatic sclerotization cone-shaped. Each anal plate with 10–16 dorsal setae............... C. guadua Kondo & Gullan - Stigmatic sclerotization not cone-shaped. Each anal plate usually with 5 or fewer dorsal setae....................... 14 14(13) Preopercular pores present............................................................................. 15 - Preopercular pores absent............................................................................. 16 15(14) Preopercular pores tubercle like. Multilocular pores restricted to perivulvar region and abdominal segments. Associated Hymenoptera unknown.............................................................. C. tuberculosum Kondo - Preopercular pores not tubercle like. Multilocular pores present on perivulvar region and mid areas of thoracic and abdominal segments, also with several pores around prothoracic legs. Associated with stingless bees or Azteca sp. ants.............................................................................. C. cecropiaphilum Kondo & Roubik sp. nov. 16(14) Dorsum next to each stigmatic cleft with small subcircular group of large simple pores.... Cryptostigma rhizophilum Kondo - Dorsum next to each stigmatic cleft without small group of large simple pores................................... 17 17(16) Venter with simple pores present on thorax. Habit arboreal...................................... C. longinoi Kondo - Venter without simple pores. Habit hypogeic............................................... C. silveirai (Hempel), Published as part of Kondo, Takumasa & Roubik, David W., 2022, Description of a new ant- and stingless-bee-loving species of Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Ecuador living inside internodes of Cecropia (Urticaceae), with an updated key to the adult females and first-instar nymphs of the genus, pp. 543-554 in Zootaxa 5190 (4) on pages 551-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5190.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7138503, {"references":["Kondo, T. (2010) Taxonomic revision of the myrmecophilous, meliponiphilous and rhizophilous soft scale genus Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Zootaxa, 2709 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2709.1.1"]}

In Ecuador, agriculture is an important economic activity. Crops are grown mainly in the regions of the continental area: Amazon, Andes and Coast. We conducted this study to elaborate a compendium about the diversity of parasitoids of agri­cultural insect pests and to estimate the trend of biocontrol by the use of these natural enemies. Approximately 200 taxa of parasitoids were found to be reported controlling various pests that affect cultivated crops in continental Ecuador. The ma­jor parasitoids referred in biological control in Ecuador are Telenomus spp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Encarsia spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The results suggest a decreasing trend in the use of parasitoids as biocontrol agents from 1980 to the present (R2: 0.80, P