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1. Variola Virus and Clade I Mpox Virus Differentially Modulate Cellular Responses Longitudinally in Monocytes During Infection.

Author

Wahl, Victoria, Olson, Victoria A, Kondas, Ashley V, Jahrling, Peter B, Damon, Inger K, and Kindrachuk, Jason

Subjects
MONKEYPOX, SMALLPOX, MONOCYTES, SYMPTOMS, INFECTION, CD14 antigen, DISEASE eradication
Abstract

Variola virus (VARV), the etiological agent of smallpox, had enormous impacts on global health prior to its eradication. In the absence of global vaccination programs, mpox virus (MPXV) has become a growing public health threat that includes endemic and nonendemic regions across the globe. While human mpox resembles smallpox in clinical presentation, there are considerable knowledge gaps regarding conserved molecular pathogenesis between these 2 orthopoxviruses. Thus, we sought to compare MPXV and VARV infections in human monocytes through kinome analysis. We performed a longitudinal analysis of host cellular responses to VARV infection in human monocytes as well as a comparative analysis to clade I MPXV-mediated responses. While both viruses elicited strong activation of cell responses early during infection as compared to later time points, several key differences in cell signaling events were identified and validated. These observations will help in the design and development of panorthopoxvirus therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Cross-Neutralizing and Protective Human Antibody Specificities to Poxvirus Infections

Author

Gilchuk, Iuliia, Gilchuk, Pavlo, Sapparapu, Gopal, Lampley, Rebecca, Singh, Vidisha, Kose, Nurgun, Blum, David L., Hughes, Laura J., Satheshkumar, Panayampalli S., Townsend, Michael B., Kondas, Ashley V., Reed, Zachary, Weiner, Zachary, Olson, Victoria A., Hammarlund, Erika, Raue, Hans-Peter, Slifka, Mark K., Slaughter, James C., Graham, Barney S., Edwards, Kathryn M., Eisenberg, Roselyn J., Cohen, Gary H., Joyce, Sebastian, and Crowe, James E., Jr.

Published
2016
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4. Monkeypox in a Traveler Returning from Nigeria--Dallas, Texas, July 2021

Author

Rao, Agam K., Schulte, Joann, Chen, Tai-Ho, Hughes, Christine M., Davidson, Whitni, Neff, Justin M., Markarian, Mary, Delea, Kristin C., Wada, Suzanne, Liddell, Allison, Alexander, Shane, Sunshine, Brittany, Huang, Philip, Honza, Heidi Threadgill, Rey, Araceli, Monroe, Benjamin, Doty, Jeffrey, Christensen, Bryan, Delaney, Lisa, Massey, Joel, Waltenburg, Michelle, Schrodt, Caroline A., Kuhar, David, Satheshkumar, Panayampalli S., Kondas, Ashley, Li, Yu, Wilkins, Kimberly, Sage, Kylie M., Yu, Yon, Yu, Patricia, Feldpausch, Amanda, McQuiston, Jennifer, and McCollum, Inger K. Damon Andrea M.

Subjects
Human monkeypox -- Diagnosis, Infection -- Diagnosis, Zoonoses -- Diagnosis, Travelers -- Health aspects, Smallpox vaccine -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Monkeypox is a rare, sometimes life-threatening zoonotic infection that occurs in west and central Africa. It is caused by Monkeypox virus, an orthopoxvirus similar to Variola virus (the causative agent [...]

Published
2022

7. SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members — USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020

Author

Payne, Daniel C., Smith-Jeffcoat, Sarah E., Nowak, Gosia, Chukwuma, Uzo, Geibe, Jesse R., Hawkins, Robert J., Johnson, Jeffrey A., Thornburg, Natalie J., Schiffer, Jarad, Weiner, Zachary, Bankamp, Bettina, Bowen, Michael D., MacNeil, Adam, Patel, Monita R., Deussing, Eric, Gillingham, Bruce L., Tiller, Rebekah, Galloway, Rene, Rogers, Shannon, Whitaker, Brett, Kondas, Ashley, Smith, Peyton, Lee, Christopher, and Graziano, James

Subjects
Male, Health (social science), Aircraft, Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pneumonia, Viral, Antibodies, Viral, Lower risk, 01 natural sciences, Asymptomatic, Disease Outbreaks, Serology, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19 Testing, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Full Report, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, Young adult, Pandemics, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, Outbreak, General Medicine, Antibodies, Neutralizing, United States, Navy, Military Personnel, Female, medicine.symptom, Coronavirus Infections, business, Demography
Abstract

Compared with the volume of data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks among older adults, relatively few data are available concerning COVID-19 in younger, healthy persons in the United States (1,2). In late March 2020, the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt arrived at port in Guam after numerous U.S. service members onboard developed COVID-19. In April, the U.S. Navy and CDC investigated this outbreak, and the demographic, epidemiologic, and laboratory findings among a convenience sample of 382 service members serving aboard the aircraft carrier are reported in this study. The outbreak was characterized by widespread transmission with relatively mild symptoms and asymptomatic infection among this sample of mostly young, healthy adults with close, congregate exposures. Service members who reported taking preventive measures had a lower infection rate than did those who did not report taking these measures (e.g., wearing a face covering, 55.8% versus 80.8%; avoiding common areas, 53.8% versus 67.5%; and observing social distancing, 54.7% versus 70.0%, respectively). The presence of neutralizing antibodies, which represent antibodies that inhibit SARS-CoV-2, among the majority (59.2%) of those with antibody responses is a promising indicator of at least short-term immunity. This report improves the understanding of COVID-19 in the U.S. military and among young adults in congregate settings and reinforces the importance of preventive measures to lower risk for infection in similar environments.

Published
2020
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8. Teaching a new mouse old tricks: Humanized mice as an infection model for Variola virus

Author

Hutson, Christina L., primary, Kondas, Ashley V., additional, Ritter, Jana M., additional, Reed, Zachary, additional, Ostergaard, Sharon Dietz, additional, Morgan, Clint N., additional, Gallardo-Romero, Nadia, additional, Tansey, Cassandra, additional, Mauldin, Matthew R., additional, Salzer, Johanna S., additional, Hughes, Christine M., additional, Goldsmith, Cynthia S., additional, Carroll, Darin, additional, and Olson, Victoria A., additional

Published
2021
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10. Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of a Potential Smallpox Therapeutic, Brincidofovir, in a Lethal Monkeypox Virus Animal Model

Author

Hutson, Christina L., primary, Kondas, Ashley V., additional, Mauldin, Mathew R., additional, Doty, Jeffrey B., additional, Grossi, Irma M., additional, Morgan, Clint N., additional, Ostergaard, Sharon Dietz, additional, Hughes, Christine M., additional, Nakazawa, Yoshinori, additional, Kling, Chantal, additional, Martin, Brock E., additional, Ellison, James A., additional, Carroll, Darin D., additional, Gallardo-Romero, Nadia F., additional, and Olson, Victoria A., additional

Published
2021
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11. Correction for Hutson et al., “Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of a Potential Smallpox Therapeutic, Brincidofovir, in a Lethal Monkeypox Virus Animal Model”

Author

Hutson, Christina L., primary, Kondas, Ashley V., additional, Mauldin, Mathew R., additional, Doty, Jeffrey B., additional, Grossi, Irma M., additional, Morgan, Clint N., additional, Ostergaard, Sharon Dietz, additional, Hughes, Christine M., additional, Nakazawa, Yoshinori, additional, Kling, Chantal, additional, Martin, Brock E., additional, Ellison, James A., additional, Carroll, Darin S., additional, Gallardo-Romero, Nadia F., additional, and Olson, Victoria A., additional

Published
2021
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12. Characterization of Monkeypox virus dissemination in the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) through in vivo bioluminescent imaging

Author

Weiner, Zachary P., primary, Salzer, Johanna S., additional, LeMasters, Elizabeth, additional, Ellison, James A., additional, Kondas, Ashley V., additional, Morgan, Clint N., additional, Doty, Jeffery B., additional, Martin, Brock E., additional, Satheshkumar, Panayampalli Subbian, additional, Olson, Victoria A., additional, and Hutson, Christina L., additional

Published
2019
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13. Assessing Monkeypox Virus Prevalence in Small Mammals at the Human–Animal Interface in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author

Doty, Jeffrey, primary, Malekani, Jean, additional, Kalemba, Lem’s, additional, Stanley, William, additional, Monroe, Benjamin, additional, Nakazawa, Yoshinori, additional, Mauldin, Matthew, additional, Bakambana, Trésor, additional, Liyandja Dja Liyandja, Tobit, additional, Braden, Zachary, additional, Wallace, Ryan, additional, Malekani, Divin, additional, McCollum, Andrea, additional, Gallardo-Romero, Nadia, additional, Kondas, Ashley, additional, Peterson, A., additional, Osorio, Jorge, additional, Rocke, Tonie, additional, Karem, Kevin, additional, Emerson, Ginny, additional, and Carroll, Darin, additional

Published
2017
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14. Short communication: Coxiella burnetii in Northern Fur Seals and Steller Sea Lions of Alaska

Author

Minor, Cody, Kersh, Gilbert J., Gelatt, Tom, Kondas, Ashley V., Pabilonia, Kristy, Weller, Christina, Dickerson, Bobette R., and Duncan, Colleen

Subjects
Male, Fur Seals, bacterial infections and mycoses, Antibodies, Bacterial, Article, Sea Lions, Coxiella burnetii, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Vagina, bacteria, Animals, Female, Q Fever, Alaska
Abstract

Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), a zoonotic bacterium, has recently been identified in several marine mammal species on the Pacific Coast of North America but little is known about the epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis in these species. To address this knowledge gap, we tested sera archived from northern fur seals (NFS, Callorhinus ursinus; n=236) and Steller sea lions (SSL, Eumatopias jubatus; n=72) sampled in Alaska for presence of C. burnetii antibodies, and vaginal swabs from NFS (n=40) for C. burnetii by qPCR. The seroprevalence of NFS samples from 1994 was 49%, while the prevalence in samples from 2009 and 2011 was 69%, and this difference was significant. The seroprevalence of SSL samples from 2007–2011 was 59%. All NFS vaginal swabs were negative for C. burnetii, despite an 80% seroprevalence of the matched sera. The significant increase in seroprevalence in NFS from 1994 to 2011 suggests that the pathogen may be increasingly common, or that there is marked temporal variation, within the vulnerable NFS population. The high seroprevalence in SSL suggests that this pathogen may also be significant in the endangered SSL population. These results confirm that C. burnetii is more prevalent within these populations than previously known; more research is needed to determine how this bacterium may affect individual, population, and reproductive health of marine mammals.

Published
2013

15. Multiple strains of Coxiella burnetii are present in the environment of St. Paul Island, Alaska

Author

Duncan, Colleen, Savage, Kate, Williams, Michael, Dickerson, Bobette, Kondas, Ashley V., Fitzpatrick, Kelly A., Guerrero, Juan Leon, Spraker, Terry, and Kersh, Gilbert J.

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Islands, Coxiella burnetii, Fur Seals, Prevalence, bacteria, Animals, Environment, Q Fever, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Article, Alaska
Abstract

In 2010, Coxiella burnetii was identified at a high prevalence in the placentas of Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) collected at a single rookery on St. Paul Island Alaska; an area of the United States where the agent was not known to be present. As contamination was hypothesized as a potential cause of false positives, but nothing was known about environmental C. burnetii in the region, an environmental survey was conducted to look for the prevalence and distribution of the organism on the island. While environmental prevalence was low, two strains of the organism were identified using PCR targeting the COM1 and IS1111 genes. The two strains are consistent with the organism that has been increasingly identified in marine mammals as well as a strain type more commonly found in terrestrial environments and associated with disease in humans and terrestrial animals. Further work is needed to elucidate information regarding the ecology of this organism in this region, particularly in association with the coastal environment.

Published
2012

18. High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk

Author

Pearson, Talima, Hornstra, Heidie M., Hilsabeck, Remy, Gates, Lauren T., Olivas, Sonora M., Birdsell, Dawn M., Hall, Carina M., German, Sabrina, Cook, James M., Seymour, Meagan L., Priestley, Rachael A., Kondas, Ashley V., Clark, Friedman, Price, Erin P., Schupp, James M., Liu, Cindy M., Price, Lance B., Massung, Robert F., Kersh, Gilbert J., Keim, Paul, Pearson, Talima, Hornstra, Heidie M., Hilsabeck, Remy, Gates, Lauren T., Olivas, Sonora M., Birdsell, Dawn M., Hall, Carina M., German, Sabrina, Cook, James M., Seymour, Meagan L., Priestley, Rachael A., Kondas, Ashley V., Clark, Friedman, Price, Erin P., Schupp, James M., Liu, Cindy M., Price, Lance B., Massung, Robert F., Kersh, Gilbert J., and Keim, Paul

Abstract

BackgroundCoxiella burnetii causes Q fever in humans and Coxiellosis in animals; symptoms range from general malaise to fever, pneumonia, endocarditis and death. Livestock are a significant source of human infection as they shed C. burnetii cells in birth tissues, milk, urine and feces. Although prevalence of C. burnetii is high, few Q fever cases are reported in the U.S. and we have a limited understanding of their connectedness due to difficulties in genotyping. Here, we develop canonical SNP genotyping assays to evaluate spatial and temporal relationships among C. burnetii environmental samples and compare them across studies. Given the genotypic diversity of historical collections, we hypothesized that the current enzootic of Coxiellosis is caused by multiple circulating genotypes. We collected A) 23 milk samples from a single bovine herd, B) 134 commercial bovine and caprine milk samples from across the U.S., and C) 400 bovine and caprine samples from six milk processing plants over three years.ResultsWe detected C. burnetii DNA in 96% of samples with no variance over time. We genotyped 88.5% of positive samples; bovine milk contained only a single genotype (ST20) and caprine milk was dominated by a second type (mostly ST8).ConclusionsThe high prevalence and lack of genotypic diversity is consistent with a model of rapid spread and persistence. The segregation of genotypes between host species is indicative of species-specific adaptations or dissemination barriers and may offer insights into the relative lack of human cases and characterizing genotypes.

Published
2014

19. High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk

Author

Pearson, Talima, primary, Hornstra, Heidie M, additional, Hilsabeck, Remy, additional, Gates, Lauren T, additional, Olivas, Sonora M, additional, Birdsell, Dawn M, additional, Hall, Carina M, additional, German, Sabrina, additional, Cook, James M, additional, Seymour, Meagan L, additional, Priestley, Rachael A, additional, Kondas, Ashley V, additional, Clark Friedman, Christine L, additional, Price, Erin P, additional, Schupp, James M, additional, Liu, Cindy M, additional, Price, Lance B, additional, Massung, Robert F, additional, Kersh, Gilbert J, additional, and Keim, Paul, additional

Published
2014
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21. Monkeypox in a Traveler Returning from Nigeria - Dallas, Texas, July 2021.

Author

Rao AK, Schulte J, Chen TH, Hughes CM, Davidson W, Neff JM, Markarian M, Delea KC, Wada S, Liddell A, Alexander S, Sunshine B, Huang P, Honza HT, Rey A, Monroe B, Doty J, Christensen B, Delaney L, Massey J, Waltenburg M, Schrodt CA, Kuhar D, Satheshkumar PS, Kondas A, Li Y, Wilkins K, Sage KM, Yu Y, Yu P, Feldpausch A, McQuiston J, Damon IK, and McCollum AM

Subjects
Humans, Male, Monkeypox virus genetics, Nigeria epidemiology, Texas epidemiology, Mpox (monkeypox) diagnosis, Mpox (monkeypox) epidemiology, Mpox (monkeypox) prevention & control
Abstract

Monkeypox is a rare, sometimes life-threatening zoonotic infection that occurs in west and central Africa. It is caused by Monkeypox virus, an orthopoxvirus similar to Variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) and Vaccinia virus (the live virus component of orthopoxvirus vaccines) and can spread to humans. After 39 years without detection of human disease in Nigeria, an outbreak involving 118 confirmed cases was identified during 2017-2018 (1); sporadic cases continue to occur. During September 2018-May 2021, six unrelated persons traveling from Nigeria received diagnoses of monkeypox in non-African countries: four in the United Kingdom and one each in Israel and Singapore. In July 2021, a man who traveled from Lagos, Nigeria, to Dallas, Texas, became the seventh traveler to a non-African country with diagnosed monkeypox. Among 194 monitored contacts, 144 (74%) were flight contacts. The patient received tecovirimat, an antiviral for treatment of orthopoxvirus infections, and his home required large-scale decontamination. Whole genome sequencing showed that the virus was consistent with a strain of Monkeypox virus known to circulate in Nigeria, but the specific source of the patient's infection was not identified. No epidemiologically linked cases were reported in Nigeria; no contact received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with the orthopoxvirus vaccine ACAM2000., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Published
2022
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