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Indonesia, a tropical country with a growing population, has significant potential for food production but faces challenges in meeting this demand. Factors such as generation change, industrialization, food production monopolies, climate change, food security measures, and a lack of technological progress affect productivity. Governments must address these problems by implementing cost efficiency, supply chain management, minimum labor consumption, and adequate food distribution. Food security is vital to the health and well-being of the population, and food is a vital food source to consume. Vegetables, a popular food source, are vital for health and growth. Salad, a plant used for food production, is beneficial to food production and is the leading food in the modern market. Technologically speaking, food security is vital to the health and well-being of the population. Governments should focus on improving food security and ensuring that food is accessible to all. The proposed system consists of five sensors: the DHT11 sensor, the TDS meter, the humidity sensor (DS18B20), the water height sensor, and the pH meter. Data from the sensor will be stored in a cloud database via the LoRa communication network, allowing users to access data through Android applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, where the interplay between climate variability and infectious diseases is pronounced, Dengue Fever poses a significant threat, particularly in Central Java, ranking as the province with the third-highest incidence of Dengue cases nationwide. This study adopts a proactive approach, employing cluster analysis techniques--single linkage, average linkage, and Ward's method--to categorize cities and regencies in Central Java based on their susceptibility to Dengue outbreaks. The comparative analysis, facilitated by standard deviation values, reveals nuanced vulnerability patterns, with the single linkage method presenting the most refined categorization, yielding four distinct vulnerability clusters: very low (0.097), low (0.150), medium (0.205), and high (0.303). Furthermore, spatial analysis utilizing Moran's Index indicates a positive spatial autocorrelation among Dengue cases (Moran's I = 0.62, p < 0.05), underscoring the spatial homogeneity in case distribution across regions. These findings emphasize the critical need for targeted interventions and evidence-based policymaking to effectively combat Dengue transmission in Central Java and mitigate its public health impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of mansonella perstans infection. Results indicated that doxycycline was found to be an effective treatment option for the ailment, and also that mansonella perstans infection does contain bacterial endosymbionts.

Background: The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) was launched in 2000 with the goal of stopping transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) through yearly mass drug administration (MDA). Although preliminary surveys of the human population in Mali suggested that Wuchereria bancrofti infection was highly endemic in the Sikasso district, baseline entomological data were required to confirm high levels of transmission prior to the selection of villages in this region for a study of the impact of MDA on transmission of LF by anopheline vectors. Methods: W. bancrofti transmission was assessed in 2001 (pre-MDA) and 2002 (post-MDA) in the Central District of Sikasso in southern Mali by dissection of Anopheles mosquitoes caught using the human landing catch (HLC) method. The relative frequencies and molecular forms of An. gambiae complex were determined. Results: The majority (86%) of the anopheline vectors captured were identified as An. gambiae complex, and these accounted for >90% of the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) during both years of the study. There was a dramatic decrease in the number of An. gambiae complex mosquitoes captured and in the An. gambiae complex infectivity rates following MDA, accounting for the observed decrease in EIR in 2002 (from 12.55 to 3.79 infective bites per person during the transmission season). An. funestus complex mosquitoes were responsible for a low level of transmission, which was similar during both years of the study (1.2 infective bites per person during the transmission season in 2001 and 1.03 in 2002). Conclusions: Based on the entomological data from this study, the district of Sikasso was confirmed as an area of high W. bancrofti transmission. This led to the selection of this area for a multi-national study on the effects of MDA on LF transmission by anopheline vectors. Comparison of vector transmission parameters prior to and immediately following the first round of MDA demonstrated a significant decrease in overall transmission. Importantly, the dramatic variability in EIR over the transmission season suggests that the efficacy of MDA can be maximized by delivering drug at the beginning of the rainy season (just prior to the peak of transmission). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Annual mass treatment with albendazole and ivermectin is the mainstay of current strategies to interrupt transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in Africa. More-effective microfilarial suppression could potentially reduce the time necessary to interrupt transmission, easing the economic burden of mass treatment programs in countries with limited resources. Methods. To determine the effect of increased dose and frequency of albendazole-ivermectin treatment on microfilarial clearance, 51 W. bancrofti microfilaremic residents of an area of W. bancrofti endemicity in Mali were randomized to receive 2 doses of annual, standard-dose albendazole-ivermectin therapy (400 mg and 150 mg/kg; ) np26 or 4 doses of twice-yearly, increased-dose albendazole-ivermectin therapy (800 mg and 400 mg/kg; np 25). Results. Although microfilarial levels decreased significantly after therapy in both groups, levels were significantly lower in the high-dose, twice-yearly group at 12, 18, and 24 months. Furthermore, there was complete clearance of detectable microfilariae at 12 months in the 19 patients in the twice-yearly therapy group with data available at 12 months, compared with 9 of 21 patients in the annual therapy group (P ! .001, by Fisher's exact test). This difference between the 2 groups was sustained at 18 and 24 months, with no detectable microfilariae in the patients receiving twice-yearly treatment. Worm nests detectable by ultrasonography and W. bancrofti circulating antigen levels, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were decreased to the same degree in both groups at 24 months, compared with baseline. Conclusions. These findings suggest that increasing the dosage and frequency of albendazole-ivermectin treatment enhances suppression of microfilariae but that this effect may not be attributable to improved adulticidal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]