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Swaleh Kitabu Pazi,1 Ally Hamisi Mwanga,2 Tuzo A Lyuu,1 Masolwa Ng’wanasayi,3 John Rwegasha,1 Ewaldo Vitus Komba,4 Igembe Nkandala5 1Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 2Department of Surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, TanzaniaCorrespondence: Igembe Nkandala, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania, Tel +255 717 301956, Email igembe2002@yahoo.comBackground: Portal hypertension – a major complication of chronic liver disease – is associated with multiple complications that include ascites, varices, and hepatic encephalopathy; these complications can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Randomized control trials have demonstrated the efficacy of nonselective beta blockers (NSBB) for preventing primary and secondary gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. These drugs should be titrated to target the resting heart rate of 55– 60 beats per minute and the systolic blood pressure should not decrease < 90 mm Hg. The objective of this study was to perform an audit of the titration of nonselective beta blockers in patients with portal hypertension at the national referral hospital.Methods: The audit involved all adults aged 18 years and above with portal hypertension and evidence of esophageal varices who were regularly attending gastroenterology and hepatology clinics of Muhimbili National Hospital between January 2019 and December 2019. The patients’ clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the hospital management.Results: Over the a

As meat consumption is increasing worldwide to cover for protein demands, also raise concerns and challenges regarding meat hygiene and safety. The current one year follow up study aimed at investigating on sanitary practices and occurrence of zoonotic conditions, during postmortem examination, in cattle at slaughter in Morogoro Municipality abattoir. Sanitary practices were assessed through direct observation where as routine post-mortem inspection procedures were employed to detect zoonotic conditions in cattle at slaughter. During the study period a total of 30,713 cattle were slaughtered and inspected at the abattoir. Results revealed poor hygienic practices at the level of abattoir surrounding, the slaughter operation area, personnel as well as meat vans. Whole carcasses, lungs, livers, hearts and heads were condemned due to zoonotic conditions at rates of 0.026%, 1.96%, 1.61%, 0.02% and 0.21% respectively. Bovine tuberculosis, Cysticercus bovis cysts, fasciolosis and hydatidosis were the responsible zoonotic conditions for the condemnations. Bovine tuberculosis was a leading zoonotic cause of condemnations accounting for 95.7% of lungs and 100% of all head and carcass condemnations. Cysticercus bovis cysts were ranking the second in serving as causes of condemnations closely followed by fasciolosis and lastly hydatidosis. Occurrence of disease conditions with zoonotic implication in cattle at slaughter, meant for human consumption, may pose significant economic and public health risks to especially disaster-prone marginalized communities. Thus, there is a need to introduce appropriate control measures of livestock diseases to minimize the rate of infection; and eventually reduce economic losses and safeguard public health.