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Одна из наиболее важных концепций квантовых вычислений основана на использовании состояний конденсата куперовских пар в джозефсоновском контакте, и в связи с этими состояниями в настоящее время большой интерес представляет такая конфигурация, как $0$ - $\pi$ кубит. Линейный отклик этой системы на внешнее воздействие найден путем решения уравнения Лиувилля для функции распределения в фазовом пространстве. Как следствие, получается "закон Ома", т. е. выражение для электропроводности системы через новые корреляционные функции. Этот общий результат проверен на примере $0$ - $\pi$ кубита с параметрами, которые использовались в недавних экспериментах.

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause several cardiovascular changes that increase the risk of various complications such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Material and methodsWe used the 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and their many collaborators to study the differences in characteristics and outcomes of OSA patients following AMI or AIS and the presence of several cardiac arrhythmias and their associated mortality risks.ResultsA lower mortality rate was seen among OSA patients with AIS (2.5% compared to 3.8% in non-OSA), and AMI (2.8% compared to 4.7% in non-OSA). OSA patients with AIS had a higher risk of dying if they were aged 66 or over, of Hispanic origin, or if they reported ventricular tachycardia, or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. For those with OSA and admitted for AMI, they were more at risk of dying if they were aged 66 or over, not classified as “White, Black, or Hispanic”, with a history of diabetes, reported ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation. Lower adjusted odds ratios were noted among OSA patients with hypertension in both AMI and AIS cases.ConclusionsFurther studies comparing these characteristics based on the severity of OSA are therefore encouraged.

The biggest challenge for current education system is to use technology blended teaching in a innovative way. As per current advancement in technology the teachers should be well acquainted to integrate technology in teaching and learning along with traditional way of teaching. New technology helps students to observe and understand the topic in a much easier way. All streams of education have now ingress of technology and now it is the turn of teachers to make optimal utilization of technology to enhance the learning capacity of the students and groom the young minds to become good citizens and play a vital role in nation building. Now a days technology has reached everybody’s home. It is the main component of infrastructural facilities that an institution should provide for teachers and student community for sustenance of quality education and make them competent enough to face global challenges.

Colonoscopy is one of the most important diagnostic tools to assess the structural abnormalities of the large intestine and distal ileum. To date, there is a paucity of data in Pakistan on indications and findings of colonoscopy. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the indications and endoscopic findings of patients who underwent colonoscopy at a tertiary care hospital in interior Sindh, Pakistan. This prospective cross-sectional study of 125 patients who underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy was conducted in the Endoscopy Unit of LUMHS Civil Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro from April 2020 to September 2020. To be eligible participants had to be 14 years or older, of either gender and giving informed consent. Data regarding demographic characteristics, indications, and endoscopic findings were gathered on a pre-designed proforma. A total of 125 participants were recruited with a mean age of 39 ± 20, out of which 60% were males. Rectal bleeding was the most common indication (70.4%) followed by abdominal pain (9.6%), chronic diarrhea (8%), altered bowel habits (6.4%), constipation (2.4%), post-cancer surveillance (1.6%), weight loss, and anemia (0.8%) each. The most common colonoscopy findings were hemorrhoids (29.6%),and suspected tumor/growth (14.4%), while 22.4% were normal. The most common indication in our study was per rectal bleeding with hemorrhoids as the most common endoscopic finding on colonoscopy.

With changes in state laws, cannabis is now more accessible in many parts of the United States. The drug has previously been associated with a higher incidence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our study analyzed the effect of cannabis use on AIS outcomes.The 2019 National Inpatient Sample from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was used to evaluate the AIS patients ages 25 and more. Cannabis users were compared with nonusers. Their mortality risks were also assessed.Five hundred thirty-nine thousand eight hundred eighty patients with AIS were in our study and 8850 used cannabis. Among the cannabis users with AIS, 69.8% were males, 50.6% were white, 61.8% were aged 46 to 65, 32.1% used Medicaid, 86.1% were nonobese, 72.0% were nondiabetics, 81.7% had hypertension, 80.7% did not have a history of alcohol abuse, and 77.5% were smokers (nicotine). Only 12.8% of cannabis users reported any cardiac dysrhythmia, whereas 5.4% required mechanical thrombectomy, and 8.0% received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).After adjusting the variables, cannabis users covered by Medicare, with diabetes, a history of alcohol abuse, cardiac dysrhythmias, and who underwent mechanical thrombectomy had a higher risk of dying. The overall adjusted odds ratio of dying among cannabis users with AIS was 0.603 (95% CI, 0.504-0.722, P0.01).Although the overall mortality risk seems to be lower among cannabis users, those with certain risk factors still present higher mortality risks. Patients with cannabis use should therefore be monitored closely for possible complications and mortality after AIS.

We employ the stochastic path-integral formalism and action principle for continuous quantum measurements - the Chantasri-Dressel-Jordan (CDJ) action formalism [1, 2] - to understand the stages in which quantum Zeno effect helps control the states of a simple quantum system. The detailed dynamics of a driven two-level system subjected to repeated measurements unravels a myriad of phases, so to say. When the detection frequency is smaller than the Rabi frequency, the oscillations slow down, eventually coming to a halt at an interesting resonance when measurements are spaced exactly by the time of transition between the two states. On the other hand, in the limit of large number of repeated measurements, the dynamics organizes itself in a rather interesting way about two hyperbolic points in phase space whose stable and unstable directions are reversed. Thus, the phase space flow occurs from one hyperbolic point to another, in different ways organized around the separatrices. We believe that the systematic treatment presented here paves the way for a better and clearer understanding of quantum Zeno effect in the context of quantum error correction.

Objective: To document different indications and findings of upper GI Endoscopy in our endoscopy suite. Methods: A descriptive study of 500 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy was conducted in the Endoscopy Unit of PNS DRIGH LUMHS Jamshoro and Civil Hospital Hyderabad from April to September 2020. Included patients underwent UGI endoscopy. Demographic data including indications and endoscopic findings of the patients was collected via study proforma. Results: Total five hundred patients were studied; their mean age was 42.4±16.8 years. Out of all 52.8% were males. Upper GI bleed was the commonest indication (33.2%) followed by dysphagia (21.6%), epigastrium pain (10%), surveillance and screening of varices (9% and 8.2% respectively). The most common endoscopic findings were esophageal varices (32.2 %), gastritis (18.8%), and normal (11.4%). In patients with esophageal varices, 77.4% had chronic liver disease with positive serology for HCV and HBV in 63.4% and 23% respectively. Conclusion: The most common indication was upper GI bleed with esophageal varices for upper GI endoscopy. The underlying etiology of varices reflects the high burden of chronic liver disease due to viral hepatitis.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is age-related neurodegenerative disorder recognized by a steadily gradual cognitive decline that has devastating personal and socioeconomic implications. Recently, some genetic factors for AD have been identified which attracted wide attention of researchers in different areas of AD biology and possible new therapeutic targets. Alternative forms of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) genes are examples of such risk factors, which contribute higher risk for developing AD. Comprehending TREM2 function pledge to provide salient insight into how neuroinflammation contributes to AD pathology. The dearth of microglial TREM2 shepherd to augmented tau pathology is couple with frequent enhancement of activated neuronal stress kinases. The involvement of TREM2 in the regulation of tau-associated innate immune response of the CNS has clearly demonstrated through these findings. However, whether decrease level of TREM2 assists pathology of tau through changed clearance and pathological escalation of tau or through direct contact between microglia and neuron and any alternative possible mechanisms need to examine. This review briefly summarizes distinct functional roles of TREM2 in AD pathology and highlights the TREM2 gene regulation. We have also addressed the impact of TREM2 on β-amyloid plaques and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease.

Aging affects iron homeostasis, as evidenced by tissue iron loading and toxicity and common anemia in the elderly. Iron needs in mammals are met primarily by iron-recycling from senescent red blood cells (RBCs), a task chiefly accomplished by splenic red pulp macrophages (RPMs) via erythrophagocytosis. Given that RPMs continuously process iron, their cellular functions might be susceptible to age-dependent decline, a condition that has been largely unexplored to date. Here, we found that 10-11-months-old female mice exhibit iron loading, diminished lysosomal activity, and decreased erythrophagocytosis rate in RPMs. These impairments lead to the retention of senescent hemolytic RBCs in the spleen, and the formation of undegradable iron- and heme-rich extracellular protein aggregates, likely derived from ferroptotic RPMs. We further found that feeding mice an iron-reduced diet alleviates iron accumulation in RPMs, enhances their ability to clear erythrocytes, and limits ferroptosis. Consequently, this diet ameliorates hemolysis of splenic RBCs and the formation of iron-rich aggregates, increasing serum iron availability in aging mice. Using RPM-like cells, we show that the diminished iron-recycling capacity of RPMs is underlain by iron accumulation and reduced expression of heme-catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Taken together, we identified RPM collapse as an early hallmark of aging and demonstrated that dietary iron reduction improves iron turnover efficacy.

Next-generation exascale machines with extreme levels of parallelism will provide massive computing resources for large scale numerical simulations of complex physical systems at unprecedented parameter ranges. However, novel numerical methods, scalable algorithms and re-design of current state-of-the art numerical solvers are required for scaling to these machines with minimal overheads. One such approach for partial differential equations based solvers involves computation of spatial derivatives with possibly delayed or asynchronous data using high-order asynchrony-tolerant (AT) schemes to facilitate mitigation of communication and synchronization bottlenecks without affecting the numerical accuracy. In the present study, an effective methodology of implementing temporal discretization using a multi-stage Runge-Kutta method with AT schemes is presented. Together these schemes are used to perform asynchronous simulations of canonical reacting flow problems, demonstrated in one-dimension including auto-ignition of a premixture, premixed flame propagation and non-premixed autoignition. Simulation results show that the AT schemes incur very small numerical errors in all key quantities of interest including stiff intermediate species despite delayed data at processing element (PE) boundaries. For simulations of supersonic flows, the degraded numerical accuracy of well-known shock-resolving WENO (weighted essentially non-oscillatory) schemes when used with relaxed synchronization is also discussed. To overcome this loss of accuracy, high-order AT-WENO schemes are derived and tested on linear and non-linear equations. Finally the novel AT-WENO schemes are demonstrated in the propagation of a detonation wave with delays at PE boundaries.

In this paper, we present a systematic treatment of a [Formula: see text] qubit in the presence of a time-dependent external flux. A gauge-invariant Lagrangian and the corresponding Hamiltonian are obtained. The effect of the flux noise on the qubit relaxation is obtained using the perturbation theory. Under a time-dependent drive of sinusoidal form, the survival probability, and transition probabilities have been studied for different strengths and frequencies. The driven qubit is shown to possess coherent oscillations among two distinct states for a weak to moderate strength close to resonant frequencies of the unperturbed qubit. The parameters can be chosen to prepare the system in its ground state. This feature paves the way to prolong the lifetime by combining ideas from weak measurement and quantum Zeno effect. We believe that this is an important variation of a topologically protected qubit which is tunable.

The detection of biologically relevant analytes at ultra-low concentrations using the unique physicochemical properties of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) has emerged as a frontier research area in recent decades. In this chapter, we discuss the most recent emerging trends in MNC-based biosensing applications. In particular, we have summarized the biosensing strategies with two key features of the MNCs. These are MNC-based (i) optical biosensors and (ii) electrochemical biosensors. In optical biosensing applications, both the absorbance as well as the photoluminescence properties of MNCs are frequently explored and are therefore discussed in the chapter with special emphasis on the detection of various diseases and bacteria. Finally, the pros and cons as well as discussions about further directions in designing MNC-based smart biosensors is also presented.