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Kolesnik E. A.,Advanced Doctor in Biological Sciences South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia On the use of the concept of «stress» in research: problems and prospects Annotation. The article highlights the problems of applying the concepts of «stress reaction», «general adaptation syndrome», «anti-stress reactions», «distress and eustress» in research are highlighted. The actual characteristics of stress are revealed; directions for the development of theoretical concepts and practical implementation of the doctrine of stress in three interdependent blocks are highlighted: 1. «Mechanisms, structures of the body that provide a stress response – the same as the regulation of adaptive, immune processes». 2. «Stress as a protective immune mechanism, the formation of adaptive homeostasis in processes the growth and development of animals, including humans». 3. «Speculation with the term (concept) stress: «distress and eustress», «anti-stress reactions». Health-saving technologies based on evidence-based physiology». Keywords: stress, general adaptation syndrome, adaptive homeostasis, nonspecific adaptive reactions, emotional stress, immunity, anti-stress reactions, glucocorticoids, serotonin, oxytocin. Please cite this article as: Kolesnik, E. A. On the use of the concept of «stress» in research: problems and prospects / E. A. Kolesnik // Health-saving education is the key to safe life of youth: problems and solutions: Proceedings of the XII International Scientific and Practical Conference, Chelyabinsk, November 17 – 18, 2022 / Under the scientific editorship of Z.I. Tyumaseva. - Chelyabinsk: Closed Joint Stock Company "A. Miller's Library", 2022. - P. 143-152. – https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7676465. (In Russian).

E.A. Kolesnik,Advanced Doctor in Biological Sciences South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Chelyabinsk TERM, CONCEPT OF ADAPTIVE HOMEOSTASIS, ITS HYPOTHESIS, THEORY AND PRACTICE According to the concepts of scientific schools, the formation of the term, hypothesis and main provisions of the theory of adaptive homeostasis, developed on the basis of the results of applying multidimensional methods of mathematical analysis of experimental data of the author's research, is characterized. Key words: adaptive homeostasis, functional systems, internal environment, ontogenesis, methods of multidimensional analysis. Please cite this article as: Kolesnik, E. A. Term, concept of adaptive homeostasis, its hypothesis, theory and practice / E. A. Kolesnik // System Analysis in Medicine (CAM 2022): Proceedings of the XVI International Scientific Conference, Blagoveshchensk, October 13–14, 2022 / Under the general editorship of V.P. Kolosov. - Blagoveshchensk: Far Eastern Scientific Center for Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2022. - P. 13-16.– https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7676415. (In Russian).

The presented study examines the possibilities of realising the labour potential and human capital of the older working generation in the information society. The purpose of the study is to determine the theoretical provisions for the implementation of the labour potential and human capital of aged workers in the information society. The hypothesis of the study is that the information society opens up new opportunities for realising the labour potential and human capital of the older working generation. In the study, such scientific methods as logical, comparative, statistical, quantitative and qualitative analysis and synthesis were used. The study introduced a number of concepts — “aged worker”, “age labour potential”, “age human capital” — in regards to the theory of active labour longevity. It was established that the age labour potential and age human capital are parts of the labour potential and human capital of the entire staff of the organisation. Theoretical results of the research can be used in further studies of the theory of active labour longevity in the information society. Practical results can be obtained in organisations of various industries and forms of ownership, where it is possible to realise the labour potential and human capital of an aged workers. Представленное исследование посвящено возможностям реализации трудового потенциала и человеческого капитала работающего старшего поколения в информационном обществе. Цель исследования состоит в определении теоретических положений реализации трудового потенциала и человеческого капитала возрастных работников в информационном обществе. Гипотеза исследования заключается в том, что информационное общество открывает новые возможности в реализации трудового потенциала и человеческого капитала работающего старшего поколения. В проведенном исследовании был использован ряд научных методов: логический, сравнительный, статистический, методы количественного и качественного анализа и синтеза. Авторами предложено ввести в научный оборот ряд понятий (возрастной работник, возрастной трудовой потенциал, возрастной человеческий капитал), что будет являться приращением нового знания в теорию активного трудового долголетия. Установлено, что возрастной трудовой потенциал и возрастной человеческий капитал являются частями трудового потенциала и человеческого капитала всего персонала организации. Теоретические результаты исследования могут быть использованы в дальнейших исследованиях теории активного трудового долголетия в информационном обществе. Практические результаты могут быть получены в организациях различных отраслей и форм собственности, где возможна реализация трудового потенциала и человеческого капитала возрастного работника.

The work is devoted to the study of literature data (humane and veterinary medicine) and the practical analysis of artifacts formed elements and plasma in peripheral blood smears of birds in a model of broiler chickens Gallus gallus L. of early postnatal ontogenesis. The age of the studied clinically healthy chicks and young hens was: day 1, day 7, day 23 and day 42 (n = 40). We studied 158 (n = 158) high-resolution color micrographs of the fields of view, in blood smears stained according to Pappenheim. As a result, single artifacts of avian erythrocytes were identified: cytoplasmic vacuoles of various pattern character, scalloped «bitten» edges of cells. Artifacts of blood plasma were found: pericellular and adhesioned on the cell surface of colored coagulated granularity. In some cases, this granularity imitated the toxic forms of granulocytes and agranulocytes in the peripheral blood of birds. It is necessary to distinguish artifacts of cells and plasma in peripheral blood smears from adaptive changes and symptoms of infectious, invasive and non-infectious diseases. Keywords: erythrocyte artifacts, leukocyte artifacts, blood plasma artifacts, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), blood morphology. Please cite this article as: Kolesnik, E. A. Artifacts of formed elements and plasma of bird blood, their genesis and diagnostic significance / E. A. Kolesnik, M. A. Derkho // Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. – 2021. – Volume 248, № 4. – P. 129–135. – doi: 10.31588/2413-4201-1883-248-4-129-135. (In Russian).

Hertsev V. N., Stoyanov A. N., Muratova T. N., Vastyanov R. S., Kolesnik E. A. Possibilities of pathogenetic correction of hyperkinetic disorders taking into account an acid-base balance. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(3):158-169. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2589568 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6676 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.02.2019. Revised: 28.02.2019. Accepted: 08.03.2019. UDC 616.8: 615.217 POSSIBILITIES OF PATHOGENETIC CORRECTION OF HYPERKINETIC DISORDERS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AN ACID-BASE BALANCE V. N. Hertsev, A. N. Stoyanov, T. N. Muratova, R. S. Vastyanov, E. A. Kolesnik Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine Abstract As a result of analysis of the available scientific data, a significant relationship between hyperkinetic syndromes and changes in the acid-base state has been revealed. The provoking effect of alkalosis on the occurrence and severity of hyperkinetic disorders was confirmed. An own example of effective treatment of patient with essential myoclonus with taking in account his acid-base state has been given. The addition of acetylsalicylic acid to the treatment with clonazepam caused a more significant decrease in the severity of hyperkinetic disorders and improved the patient’s general condition and his quality of life. So that we suggest studying of acid-base balance in patients with hyperkinetic syndromes and syndrome of increased neuromuscular excitability in the outpatient setting and in hospital conditions at the making of initial diagnosis, and also recommend studying of acid-base balance in patients who already have neurological diagnoses, if such a study has not been made previously. Correction of acid-base status in the treatment of patients with hyperkinetic syndromes and the syndrome of increased neuromuscular excitability contributes to greater effectiveness of therapy than just symptomatic treatment of hyperkinetic disorders. Key words: acid-base balance, alkalosis, essential myoclonus, hyperkinetic disorders

Overview, the conjugate characteristic of physiological concepts is discussed: stress-reaction’s, as a general adaptation syndrome, which is a link of nonspecific adaptive reactions and homeostasis of the organism. Stress-reaction is an ontogenetic mechanism based on evolutionarily formed morphological structures and immune responses regulated by the neuroendocrine system. The general adaptation syndrome, which includes the development of cascading immune and metabolic reactions, protects and prepares the organism for the action of environmental factors which that are potentially capable of disrupting homeostasis. The outcome of the stress reaction will depend on the quality, strength of the effect of the stressor and the reserve capabilities of the organism — in the form of adaptation of the individual, increase in vitality with further productive growth and development, or the pathogenetic process up to death, in the event of stressors that are incompatible with the vital capabilities of the organism. Stress-reaction as a general adaptation syndrome ensures the maintenance and restoration of homeostasis in the processes of growth and development, the adaptation of the organism to the changing conditions of the living environment. Keywords: stress-reaction, general adaptation syndrome, homeostasis, glucocorticoids, nonspecific adaptation reactions. Please cite this article as: Kolesnik, E. A. Stress-reaction As A Protective Immune Mechanism Aimed At Restoring the Organism’s Homeostasis / E. A. Kolesnik // Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. Education and Healthcare. – 2020. – № 4 (12). – P. 5–14. – doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16866886.v1. (In Russian).

The purpose of the work is a review theoretical description of some biophysical mechanisms of physiological adaptation of homeostasis of a homoiothermal animal in relation to the conditions of the environment of vital activity. Erwin Schrödinger, for the first time, described negentropy as the leading criterion for distinguishing a living system from an don’t living. It was figuratively noted that the biosystem «feeds on negative entropy», attracting the flow of negentropy (negative entropy) to itself (metabolism), which it produces (anabolism and catabolism) and thus maintains itself at a stationary and rather low level of entropy (that is — positive entropy). It is known that the production of entropy per unit mass per unit of time (measured by metabolism) increases during the first period of ontogenesis, reaching a maximum value of the entropy value, and then begins to decrease, reaching a stationary value. Thus, the cyclical of the entropy values, with periods of peak values and stabilization, in the processes of neonatal growth and development of the organism was established. Accordingly, in a based of the homeostasis of development of the organism, that is, its thermodynamic characteristics, a some «stationary non-equilibrium state» is realized, uncritical deviations from homeostasis may be beneficial to the biosystem, in the long term, in the targets to of further preserve vital activity. Accentuated, the predominance of anabolism, in the initial periods of growth and development is emphasized due to the negentropic role of nonspecific adaptation reactions, reflected in the «homeostatic curve», or in the so-called systemic nonlinear fluctuating structures (oscillators) in the theory of homeokinesis, as oscillation of physiological resources. Including, by changing the nature of the dynamics of the content of plastic and humoral substances in the blood plasma of the organism of an animal. These regulatory adaptive reactions form their own system of homeostasis restoration — a homeoresis, based on the laws of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics, as a result, determines the growth and development of the organism, expressed in a complex of physiological functions through heat (ΔQ) — as an indicator of work realization (ΔA), that is, vital functions of organ systems and of the holistic organism in ontogenesis, respectively, provided by internal energy (ΔU) or otherwise, a summation of energy processes. At the same time, the second law of thermodynamics characterizes and determines the instability of heat — by the presented of entropy (ΔS), as the main quality of the living system. Consequently, the instability itself, or otherwise the thermodynamic probability of entropy (W), allows the internal environment of the organism, noting, as an allegory, to select the necessary «keys» to the «open a lock», that is, to adapt to the factors of the environment of vital activity. Accordingly, survive and form adaptations in each subsequent physiological period, which are based on nonspecific adaptive reactions established in the previous physiological period, that is, to realize adaptive homeostasis in ontogenesis. A conclusion was made. From the biophysical and physiological position, the vital activity of a warm-blooded animal is a combination of cyclical adaptive, and irreversible phenomena associated with senile processes. In other words, a set of transformations (entropy-negentropic processes) of the state of the internal environment, providing a stationary energy non-equilibrium of the organism with environmental factors. In this case, it is likely that the themselves energy and metabolism changes of the internal environment, during each physiological period, are trigger agents for adaptations of homeostasis in subsequent periods of the ontogeny of the animal. Keywords: thermodynamics of a biosystem, entropy and negentropy, regulation and adaptation, adaptive homeostasis, broiler chickens. Please cite this article as: Kolesnik, E. A. To the Problem of Physiological Adaptive Homeostasis In the Model of the Organism of Warm-Blooded Animals (а review) / E. A. Kolesnik, M. A. Derkho // Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. Education and Healthcare. – 2020. – № 4 (12). – P. 15–30. – doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16866820.v2. (In Russian).

The article is devoted the analysis of scientific approaches and points of view on the socio-economic content of the concept of effective employment served as the basis for identifying the most significant aspects in the formation of labor potential. It was concluded that the effectiveness of employment is determined by the economic impact and social results achieved, which meet both market expectations and the requirements imposed on them and are the basis for the formation of labor potential. The selection of indicators of effective employment made it possible to systematize them, identifying General and special indicators that characterize the effectiveness of employment in the labor market and have an impact on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labor potential. В статье проведен анализ научных подходов и точек зрения на социально-экономическое содержание понятия «эффективная занятость», который послужил основой выделения наиболее значимых аспектов в формировании трудового потенциала. Был сделан вывод, что эффективность занятости определяется экономической отдачей и достигнутыми социальными результатами, которые соответствуют как рыночным ожиданиям, так и предъявляемым к ним требованиям и являются базой формирования трудового потенциала. Выделение показателей эффективной занятости позволило систематизировать их, вычленив общие и специальные показатели, характеризующие эффективность занятости на рынке труда и оказывающие влияние на количественнокачественные характеристики трудового потенциала.