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Actilasioptera sp. [Figs 2 k–n] Stefaniella falcaria Felt, 1921b: 141 (in part). Material examined. Female paralectotype of Actilasioptera falcaria (Felt), designated by Gagné (in Gagné & Law 1999), “ Avicennia officinalis L.” [corrected to Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. var intermedia (Griff.) Bakh. by DvL (1921)], Semarang, Java, Indonesia, 29-iv-1914, W. Docters van Leeuwen, Felt #a3090. The specimen is mounted whole, uncleared, with head and thorax mounted laterally, the abdomen dorsoventrally, the ovipositor retracted inside the abdomen. Description. Female. Wing 1.7 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; R 5 two-thirds wing length, straight. Antennae with 12 flagellomeres, as in A. falcaria. Palpus [Fig. 2k] 2-segmented; first segment twice as long as wide, constricted at basal third, with several setae; second segment one-third width and length of first, with single terminal seta; palpiger absent. Ovipositor retracted inside abdomen, so extent of its dorsoventral curvature, a character differentiating Actilasioptera spp. (Gagné & Law 1999), is not visible. Tarsal claws, empodia, pulvilli as in A. falcaria. Male, pupa, larva unknown. Remarks. This specimen was reared from the same host as Actilasioptera falcaria but from a different leaf gall. While the gall of A. falcaria is a large, irregular swelling [Figs 2 a–d], the one associated with this female is a small, round pustule [Figs 2m, n]. The female differs from that of A. falcaria in the size of the second palpal segment that in this species is substantially smaller than the first and bears a single seta [Fig. 2k], while in A. falcaria it is only slightly smaller than the second and bears several setae [Fig. 2h]. At the time of the description, DvL (1921) believed that the two gall types were caused by two different species but Felt (1921b) wrote that with little question this female was referable to A. falcaria. The palpus of the specimen differs also from that of the remaining congeners in which the second palpal segment is larger than the first and bears several setae (see Gagné & Law 1999). We did not name this segregate in as much as the available female is in poor condition and the male, pupa and larva are lacking. Biology. This species causes small pustule-like leaf galls on Avicennia marina (Acanthaceae). According to DvLR & DvL (1910a, gall No. 97, Fig. 51c [Fig. 2n]) and DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1284) the gall is a round leaf pustule, 3 mm wide and 1 mm or less thick, yellowish green on the upper side, yellow on the underside, containing two larval chambers. Following adult emergence, the pupal exuviae remain wedged in the exit holes on the underside of the gall. While the host was given as “ Avicennia officinalis L.” in DvLR & DvL (1910a) and Felt (1921b), DvL (1921) corrected the species to Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. var. intermedia (Griff.) Bakh. and provided a new, detailed illustration of the gall in Fig. 3 [Fig. 2m]. Geographical distribution. This segregate is currently known only from Semarang, Java where it was collected 29-iv-1914 (Felt 1921b) and also from Jrakah, near Semarang, Java, iii.1912; Brebes, Java, i-1919; Untung Jawa island, near Jakarta, Java, iv.1919; Sebesi island, iv.1921 (DvLR & DvL 1926)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151.","Gagne, R. J. & Law, L. L. (1999) Actilasioptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new genus for Australian and Asian gall midges of grey mangroves, Avicennia spp. (Avicenniaceae). In: Csoka, G., Matson, W. J., Stone, G. N. & Price, P. W. (Eds.), The Biology of Gall-inducing Arthropods. Forest Service General Technical Report NC- 199. US Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 23 - 34."]}

Bruggmanniella bursaria (Felt). New combination. [Figs 10 f–m] Asphondylia bursaria Felt, 1927b: 387. Material examined. Syntypes, 5 males, 9 females and pupa(e) (NYSM #a3393), on two slides, reared from stem galls on Symplocos fasciculata Zoll. collected at Mt Gede, Cibodas, near Bogor, Java, Indonesia, altitude 1500 m, ii-1925. The adults are on two slides, one with 2 males and 5 females, the other, 3 males and 4 females, all uncleared and mounted laterally. No pupa appears on either slide so is evidently lost. Description. Male. Length 2 mm (Felt 1927b). Wing length 2.5 mm, width 1.2 mm (1.2–1.3). Head. Antenna with scape 1.5x longer than wide, 2x length pedicel; pedicel wider than long; flagellomeres 12 in number, evenly cylindrical, 3x longer than wide, slightly constricted at basal third [Fig. 10i]; circumfila comprising four wavy longitudinal bands connected by high loops anteriorly and low loops posteriorly. Palpus 2-segmented, second segment slightly shorter and narrower than first [Fig. 10j]. Wing with C ending near wing apex, R 1 ending slightly anteriorly of wing midlength. Tarsal claws simple, narrow, bent at distal third, empodia reaching bend in claws [Fig. 10g]; pulvilli minute. Apicoventral spur on first tarsomere robust, short, bent at right angle [Fig. 10h]. Gonostylus with two separate teeth, one more pointed than the other [Fig. 10f]. Female. Length 2.5 mm (Felt 1927b). Wing length 2.6 mm (2.5–2.7), width 1.4 mm (1.3–1.4). Flagellomeres 10–12 progressively shortened [Fig. 10m], circumfila sparse, comprising three wavy longitudinal bands connected by low loops at either end. Needle-like protrusible part of ovipositor about 2x longer than seventh sternite [Figs 10k, l]. Pupa, larva unknown. Remarks. Known only from the adults, B. orientalis could fit in either Bruggmanniella or Pseudasphondylia, genera defined on the basis of larval and pupal characters (Gagné 1994; Elsayed, pers. comm.). We tentatively combine this species with the older generic name, Bruggmanniella. Biology. Bruggmanniella bursaria induces a stem gall on Symplocos fasciculata (Symplocaceae), described and illustrated by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1216 Fig. 877 [Fig. 10n]). On young stems, irregular outgrowths develop that are about 3 mm across, each containing an oval larval chamber lined with fungal tissue. The galls are often arranged gregariously, giving an appearance of a complex gall 50–100 mm in length. Affected stems are often bent or curved. Pupation takes place in the gall. Geographical distribution. The currently known range comprises three localities in the Bogor area, Java (DvLR & DvL 1926): Mt Gede, Cibodas, altitude 1500 m, collected by M. E. Jacobson ii-1916, ix-1918, xii-1918 and ii-1925; Mt Panisian, near Bogor, altitude 700 m, xii-1923; Mt Salak, Gunung Bunder, altitude 1000 m, viii- 1925., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1927 b) New species of East Indian gall midges. Treubia, 9, 385 - 389."]}

Orseolia paspali (Felt) [Figs 32 a–k] Parallelodiplosis paspali Felt, 1921d: 92. Orseolia paspali (Felt): Gagné 1973: 507, new combination. Material examined. We examined Felt’s male lectotype, des. by Gagné (1985: 150) and 1 male, 2 female and 1 pupal paralectotype s reared from a leaf sheath gall on Paspalum scrobiculatum L. (as P. scrobiculatum Hook.) in Bogor, Java, Indonesia, vi-1920, Felt type #a3151. The lectotype is mounted whole, cleared, with terminal flagellomeres missing, gonocoxites partially folded, gonostylus mounted at angle, wings folded, legs intact, head partially shriveled. The male paralectotype, mounted with the lectotype on the same slide, has all flagellomeres preserved and all tarsi missing. Description. Wing length 2.5–2.9 mm in male, 2.8–3.5 mm in female Gagné (1985). Palpus 4-segmented, palpiger present [Fig. 32k]. Tarsal claws [Fig. 32c]. Male flagellomeres [Fig. 32b, d]. Male terminalia [Figs 32 e–j]: gonostylus wide, distal edge constricted at midlength, setulose on basal half, carinate beyond, tooth large; hypoproct long, wide; aedeagus narrow, as long as hypoproct; cerci triangular. Remarks. Orseolia paspali is similar to O. oryzae from which it can be separated by the gonostylus that is constricted at midlength and setulose on its basal half [Figs 32e, f], as opposed to gradually tapered and almost entirely setulose [Fig. 31b]. The female tergum 10 has more numerous setae than O. oryzae [Fig. 31f] (Gagné 1985). Biology. This species causes a 10–15 cm long and 2 mm wide, tubular leaf sheath gall, similar to Orseolia oryzae, on Paspalum scrobiculatum L. (Poaceae) (DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No 66, Fig. 40 [Fig. 32a]) and P. conjugatum P.J.Bergius (Gagné 1985). Geographical distribution. Orseolia paspali occurs in Indonesia and India. In Indonesia it was found only in the type locality Bogor, alt. 250 m, v-1920, on P. scrobiculatum (DvLR & DvL 1926). In India it is common, with the following confirmed localities (all from Gagné 1985): Kannur, Kerala, 20–30-viii-1928, on P. scrobiculatum; Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 1973, as laboratory colony on P. scrobiculatum; Orissa, Cuttack, Odisha, 1979, on Paspalum sp.; Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 1948, on P. scrobiculatum; Raipur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 1981, on Paspalum sp.; Goa, 1981, on Paspalum sp., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 d) New Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 2, 89 - 92.","Gagne, R. J. (1973) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. I. Order Nematocera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 480 - 517.","Gagne, R. J. (1985) A taxonomic revision of the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), and its relatives (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Entomography, 3, 127 - 162."]}

Thorodiplosis Felt [Figs 40 a–j] Thorodiplosis Felt, 1921d: 89. Type species: Thorodiplosis impatientis Felt, by original designation. Description. This monotypic genus was erected for two males and two females based on rather broad characteristics: very long and narrow wings, elongate antennae, simple tarsal claws curved at almost right angle, short ovipositor with bilobed cercus, and 4-segmented palpus (Felt 1921d). The types are uncleared and partially shriveled but all characters are recognizable, except for the male circumfila that were missing already when Felt (1921b) examined them. Wing [Fig. 40g] with R 5 bent distally, joining C posteriad of wing apex; C broken at juncture with R 5; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork; Rs not present. Head with occipital protuberance present. Palpi shriveled on all specimens but evidently four-segmented. Antennae: 12 flagellomeres, progressively shorter, necks bare of microtrichia; binodal in male, presumably trifilar, with long necks [Fig. 40i]; cylindrical in female, all except last with long necks, proximal flagellomeres with nodes 3x as long as wide, constricted at basal third, distal flagellomeres with nodes 2x as long as wide, progressively losing basal constriction, circumfila consisting of one uneven horizontal and two more distal vertical bands [Figs 40c, d]. Tarsal claws simple, narrow, bent at right angle at midlength, as long as empodia [Fig. 40e]. Male terminalia [Figs 40h, j]: gonocoxite narrow, with low, wide mesobasal lobe; gonostylus very long, narrow, widest at distal fourth, straight and setulose basally, curved and carinate beyond, with small, solid, tooth; cerci broad and concave apically, the mesal lobe of the concavity with single seta; hypoproct longer than cerci, narrow, incised apically, resulting lobes each with single seta apically; aedeagus longer than hypoproct, tapered to narrowly rounded apex, with asetose papillae distally. Female terminalia [Fig. 40f]: ovipositor short, cerci large, ovoid, setose mainly distally, each with pair of long, blunt apical sensory hairs; hypoproct with pair of setae. Remarks. We place Thorodiplosis in the tribe Clinodiplosini because of the conformation of the male terminalia, particularly the apically concave cerci., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 d) New Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 2, 89 - 92.","Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151."]}

Eucalyptodiplosis paederiae (Felt). New combination. [Figs 17 a–l] Itonida paederiae Felt 1919: 293; Gagné 1975: 515, as unplaced species of Cecidomyiidi. This Philippine species was mentioned under the Indonesian Hypodiplosis paederiae Kieffer & DvLR that we treated above because it forms a similar leaf roll on the same host, Paederia foetida. We established that the two species are distinct, which we show here with the redescription of I. paederiae and its consequent reassignment to Eucalyptodiplosis. Material examined. Syntypes, a male and female, were collected in Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Baños, the Philippines, 13-x-1917 Felt #a2882. The specimens are mounted separately as whole insects. They are cleared and well-preserved. Description. Adult. Occipital protuberance short, as long as wide [Fig. 17g]. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, first and second fused. Palpus 4-segmented, palpiger present [Fig. 17g]. Wing: R S reduced to slight thickening on R 5 closer to the arculus than to end of R 1; R 5 slightly curved, joining C posteriad of wing apex; C broken at juncture with R 5 [Fig. 17d] Tarsal claws nearly as long as empodia, bent at nearly 90˚ at midlength, widened at distal third, pointed apically, with narrow curved tooth on foreleg only [Figs 17j, k, l]. Male. Wing 4.8 mm long, 1.8 mm wide. Flagellomeres binodal, basal node with one whorl of circumfila, distal with two, the loops regular, not reaching next distal circumfilum [Fig. 17e]. Terminalia [Fig. 17f]: cerci tapered, slightly concave mesally with seta at basal end of concavity, acutely triangular and setose apically; hypoproct narrow, longer than cerci, deeply and widely incised, lobes thin, each bearing single apical seta; aedeagus long, thin, evenly cylindrical, longer than hypoproct and gonocoxite, rounded apically and bearing asetose sensilla; gonocoxite narrow, with obtuse mesobasal lobe; gonostylus long, narrow, setulose basally, carinate beyond, with many setae in carinate area, dense apically. Female. Wing 5.1 mm long, 1.9 mm wide. Flagellomeres cylindrical, necks slightly less than half as long as nodes [Fig. 17i]. Ovipositor short; cerci elongate-ovoid, densely setulose, setose, apically with pair of thick blunt setae; hypoproct setulose, with pair of thick apical setae [Fig. 17h]. Biology. Uichanco’s (1919, gall No. 18165, Figs I-1, I-6, VIII-5 [Figs 17 a–c]) description of the gall is as follows but slightly edited. The gall consists of a superior longitudinal infolding of both margins of leaf blade, with a consequent upward curvature of the affected leaf, and extends from the base to about one-sixth of the leaf length from apex. The margins touch each other tangentially at sides along midrib.Apical and subapical portions of the leaf lamina remain normal. The chambers formed inside the roll are thickly lined with long pubescence. The midrib and lateral veins are abnormally pubescent on the undersurface of the leaf. Adults make their exit at either end. Remarks. We assign I. paederiae to Eucalyptodiplosis Kolesik (2002) because its male terminalia best fit that genus, which is known from three Australiasian species, two of them on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and one on Chionochloa (Poaceae). Male cerci are tapered so that they appear nearly triangular but are slightly concave mesally with a seta at the basal end of the concavity. That concavity is usually situated across the caudal end of the cerci of the tribe Clinodiplosini. In Eucalyptodiplosis the mesal lobe of the concavity is skewed basad of the lateral lobe, but the single seta on the lower lobe is the tell-tale sign that the genus also belongs to the Clinodiplosini. We should note that E. paederiae has toothed tarsal claws only on the forelegs while the claws of all legs are toothed in the three Australiasian species of the genus (Kolesik et al. 2002; Kolesik et al. 2007). Considering that Clinodiplosis itself harbors species that may have toothed and untoothed claws and of different shapes (Gagné 1994), the difference in that structure should not disqualify E. paederiae from its present assignment to Eucalyptodiplosis., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1919) New Philippine gall midges. The Philippine Journal of Science, 14, 287 - 294.","Uichanco, L. B. (1919) A biological and systematic study of Philippine plant galls. The Philippine Journal of Science, 14 (5), 527 - 554, pls. I-XV. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 14568","Kolesik, P., Taylor, G. S. & Kent, D. S. (2002) A new genus and two new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging leaf and branch buds on Eucalyptus in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41, 23 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2002.00261. x","Kolesik, P., Sarfati, M. S., Brockerhoff, E. G. & Kelly, D. (2007) Description of Eucalyptodiplosis chionochloae sp. nov., a gall midge feeding on inflorescences of Chionochloa (Poaceae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 34, 107 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014220709510069"]}

Forty-seven species in 25 genera of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) known from Indonesia are reviewed. Available historic types were examined, and taxa are revised. Leefmansiella Kolesik & Gagné gen. nov. is erected for Trishormomyia pandani Felt. Actilasioptera falcaria (Felt) is found to be a senior synonym of Actilasioptera tumidifolium Gagné. Apoasphondylia orientalis Felt is transferred to Bruggmanniella Tavares, new combination; Asphondylia bursaria Felt is changed to Bruggmanniella, new combination; Contarinia eragrostidis Felt to Stenodiplosis Reuter, new combination; the Australian Contarinia brevipalpis Harris to Stenodiplosis, new combination; Dasyneura tetrastigma Felt to Gephyraulus Rübsaamen, new combination; and the Philippine Itonida paederiae Felt to Eucalyptodiplosis Kolesik, new combination. For each species, type data, a description, the basic biology and the known geographical distribution are given. A key to Cecidomyiidae genera based on adults, with references to described species, is provided. Species of economic importance, as pests of cultivated plants or biological control agents of weeds and pest arthropods, are listed.

Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) [Figs 31 a–j] Cecidomyia oryzae Riley, 1881: 149, nomen nudum. Cecidomyia oryzae Wood-Mason (in Cotes 1889: 103). Pachydiplosis oryzae (Wood-Mason): Felt (1921a: 16), new combination. Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason): Gagné (1973: 507), new combination; Gagné (1985: 148), revision. Material. Syntypes, female, pupae, pupal exuviae (originally deposited in the National Zoological Collection, Calcutta, India, now presumed lost (Gagné 1985)), were collected and reared from rice at Kurruckpore, Munger, Bihar, India, x-1880. Previously Gagné (1985) examined specimens from India, China, Thailand and Indonesia. Description. Both sexes, the pupa and larva were described in Harris & Gagné (1982) and further in Gagné (1985). Some of their drawings are reproduced here. Wing [Fig. 31h]: length 2.9–3.3 in male, 3.0– 4.1 in female. Palpus usually 4- but occasionally 3-segmented [Fig. 31i]. Tarsal claws as in Fig. 31g. Male flagellomeres as in Fig. 31c. Female flagellomeres [Figs 31d, i, j] cylindrical. Male terminalia [Fig. 31b]: gonostylus short, tapered, narrowest subapically, almost entirely setulose; hypoproct long, narrow, rounded apically; aedeagus narrow, tapered, conical apically, longer than hypoproct; cerci tapered caudally. Female tergum 10 with few to many lateral setae but absent mesally; cerci ovoid [Fig. 31e]. Remarks. The female 10 th tergite in O. oryzae has several lateral setae, that are more numerous in the Indian [Fig. 31f] than in the Indonesian population [Fig. 31e] (Gagné 1985). The difference between the Indian and the South East Asian (Indonesian and Thai) populations is evident also in the COI sequence (see below) and it is possible that there are more than one species of Orseolia spp. feeding on rice in Asia. Orseolia oryzae, as defined currently, is the only Orseolia that feeds on rice (Gagné 1985). It is morphologically similar to O. caulicola, O. difficilis Gagné, O. eragrostisae (Mani), O. paspali (Gagné 1985) and O. similis (Mani). DNA. Fragments of several genes of O. oryzae have been sequenced, including the taxonomically important COI of which 13 sequences are available from Thailand (GenBank accession numbers KX447431 – KX447443) and two verified sequences from India (KM888183, KC506565) (GenBank, accessed 27-iii-2019). The pairwise difference in COI between the Indian (internal divergence of 0.37%) and the Thai (internal divergence of 0–3.25 %) sequences is 6.22–7.05%, suggesting an existence of two separate species (Janique et al. 2017). Our comparison of two unpublished Indonesian O. oryzae sequences (see more information under O. javanica) (internal divergence of 0.42%) showed a difference of 0.91–3.57% to the Thailand population and 6.49–7.78% to the Indian population, suggesting that the Indonesian and Thai populations belong to the same species which is different to the nominal Indian species. Biology. This species is a serious pest of rice Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae), causing a leaf sheath gall called a “silver shoot” [Fig. 31a] which emerges from the leaves and is white, 5–15 cm long and 2–3 mm in diameter (DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No 61). Geographical distribution. The range comprises Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, China and the Philippines (Plantwise Knowledge Bank 2019). In Indonesia, the last comprehensive report found O. oryzae to be common on all main islands (Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi) except Maluku and Irian Jaya [now provinces of West Papua and Papua] (Hidaka & Budiyanto 1984)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Riley, C. V. (1881) Insect enemies of the rice plant. American Naturalist, 15, 148 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 272839","Cotes, E. C. (1889) Entomology Notes. Indian Museum Notes, 1, 82 - 124, pls. V-VII. [the paper includes description of Cecidomyia oryzae Wood-Mason, pp. 103, pl. VI (Fig. 6 a-b)].","Felt, E. P. (1921 a) Indian grass gall midges. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, Entomological Series, 7, 15 - 22.","Gagne, R. J. (1973) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. I. Order Nematocera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 480 - 517.","Gagne, R. J. (1985) A taxonomic revision of the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), and its relatives (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Entomography, 3, 127 - 162.","Plantwise Knowledge Bank (2019) Rice stem gall midge (Orseolia oryzae). Available from: https: // www. plantwise. org / KnowledgeBank / Datasheet. aspx? dsID = 37921 (accessed 30 April 2019)","Hidaka, T. & Budiyanto, E. (1984) Infested areas of paddy caused by rice gall midge: the strategy of the integrated control of the rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in Indonesia. In: Anonym (Ed.), The Strategy of the Integrated Control of The Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in Indonesia. The Joint Programme of The Food Crop Protection, ATA 162, between Indonesia and Japan Govenments. Japan Inter- national Cooperation Agency, Chiyoda, Tokyo, pp. 13 - 16. [https: // openjicareport. jica. go. jp / 841 / 841 / 841 _ 108 _ 10561371. html]"]}

Orseolia javanica Kieffer & Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan [Figs 29 a–g] Orseolia javanica Kieffer & DvLR, 1910: 125; Gagné (1985: 145), revision. Type series. Syntypes, male(s) and female(s), were reared from Imperata cylindrica Beauv. (L.) P.Beauv. (Poaceae) in Salatiga, Java in or before 1909. The types are likely lost. Gagné (1985) examined 2 specimens, possibly of this species, reared from I. cylindrica in Bogor, Java, 16-iv-1973, and deposited in BMNH. Description. Relevant characters from Kieffer & DvLR (1910) are given here followed by Gagné’s (1985) comments on the BMNH specimens (see Remarks). Adult. Size: male 4 mm, female 6 mm. Palpus 4-segmented or 3-segmented in which case last segment made up of two fused segments. Male. Terminalia [Fig. 29b]: generally agrees with Bogor specimens illustrated by Gagné [Fig. 29g]. Female. Flagellomeres cylindrical, circumfila positioned in distal 2/3 of segment, consisting of some five transverse bands connected by longitudinal bands [Figs 29d, e]. Pupa, larva unknown. Remarks. The BMNH specimens fit the original description of O. javanica in palpi, male flagellomeres and male terminalia [Fig. 29g] but differ in the female circumfila not being reticulate [Fig. 29f], a difference which cannot be resolved here. Felt (1917) identified Indian specimens from the same host plant as O. javanica, but the male terminalia as he described them have a short and much broader hypoproct exceeded in length by the aedeagus and thus probably represent a different species (Gagné 1985). DNA. Purnama Hidayat and Ayu Lestari, IPB University, sequenced COI of one adult specimen of O. javanica from Cianjur, Java, and two of O. oryzae from Bogor and Cianjur – the O. oryzae sequences showed an intraspecific similarity of 99.58% while the interspecific similarity of each of them to O. javanica was 90.31% (unpublished, pers. comm. 8-iv-2019; we compared these three, 717bp-long sequences, in GenBank’s MegaBlast 8-iv-2019). The low level of the interspecific similarity suggests that the two species are indeed discrete. Biology of the population which included the sequenced adult specimen of O. javanica was described in Hidayat et al. (2020a). Biology. The leaf gall on cogon grass I. cylindrica was described in detail by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No 60, Fig. II-5 [Fig. 29a]) and DvLR & DvL (1910a). The first stage of gall development while larvae are growing is superficially not obvious, but after pupation occurs the gall emerges from the center of the surrounding leaves and develops into a long, often curved, tube which is pointed at the tip. The galls are 4–20 cm long and about 3 mm in diameter, mostly red, seldom white. It is a common and conspicuous gall. The larva lives within a chamber that takes up the whole length of a gall. Pupation takes place at the bottom of the chamber after which the pupa then migrates to the upper part of the gall. Following adult emergence, the pupal exuviae remain attached to the emergence hole. Cogon grass is a weed in several countries of Asia, Africa and USA (Overholt et al. 2016). The search for a host-specific pathogen triggered an interest in biology of O. javanica, which has been studied extensively (Loan et al. 2002; Syah & Hidayat 2019; Arini et al. 2017; Hidayat et al. 2020a). Geographical distribution. This species occurs in West and Central Java (DvLR & DvL 1926; Loan et al. 2002; Hidayat et al. 2020b)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Gagne, R. J. (1985) A taxonomic revision of the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), and its relatives (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Entomography, 3, 127 - 162.","Felt, E. P. (1917) Indian gall midges (Cecidomyiidae, Dipt.). Entomological News, 28, 369 - 372.","Hidayat P., Arini, Guntoro, D., Takasu, K. & Overholt, W. A. (2020 a) Biology and rearing of the cogongrass gall midge, Orseolia javanica Kieffer & Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). BioRxiv, 28 February 2020, 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2020.02.27.966499","Overholt, W. A., Hidayat, P., Le Ru, B., Takasu, K, Goolsby, J. A., Racelis, A., Burrell, A. M., Amalin, D., Agum, W., Njaku, M., Pallangyo, B., Klein, P. E. & Cuda, J. P. (2016) Potential Biological Control Agents for Management of Cogongrass (Cyperales: Poaceae) in the Southeastern USA. Florida Entomologist, 99 (4), 734 - 739. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.099.0425","Loan, A. N., Meeker, J. R. & Mino, M. C. (2002) 28 Cogon Grass. In: Van Driesche, R., Blossey, B., Hoddle, M., Lyon, S. & Reardon, R. (Eds.), Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET- 2002 - 04. USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia, pp. 353 - 364.","Syah, R. F. & Hidayat, P (2019) Effects of the alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) cutting practices to the gall growth. Southeast Asia Plant Protection Conference 2019. IOP Conference, Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 468 (2020), 012014. https: // doi. org / 10.1088 / 1755 - 1315 / 468 / 1 / 012014","Arini, Hidayat, P., Guntoro, D. &. Overholt, WA. (2017) Study of the cogongrass gall midge, Orseolia javanica Kieffer & Van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation on the cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica. In: Astuti, A., Rineksane, I. A., Wahyu, D. & Genesiska (Eds.), Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture (ICoSA) \" Eco-farming in Managing Global Change \", Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 17 - 18 January 2017, 1 - 215. [ISBN: 978 - 602 - 5450 - 16 - 7]","Hidayat, P., Aviansyah, I. & Gumilang, B. L. (2020 b) Distribution and population density of the alang-alang gall midge, Orseolia javanica kieffer & van leeuwen-reijnvaan (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). 1 st International Conference on Sustainable Plantation (1 st ICSP 2019). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 418 (012084), 1 - 8. [IOP Publishing] https: // doi. org / 10.1088 / 1755 - 1315 / 418 / 1 / 012084"]}

Thorodiplosis impatientis Felt [Figs 40 a–j] Thorodiplosis impatientis Felt, 1921d: 89. Material examined. Type male and female reared from a marginal roll on the upper leaf surface of Impatiens platypetala Lindl. (Fig. 599 [Fig. 40a] in DvL & DvLR (1918)), at Mt Gede, Cibodas, Java, 15-vii-1920 (NYSM #a3153). Felt’s two slides contain two males and two females, all mounted whole and uncleared, with most body parts present but partially shriveled. Description. Male. Wing length 1.6 mm, width 0.6 mm. Antenna: basal node slightly longer than wide, internode as long as basal node, proximal node 1.5x length basal node, neck 2x length basal node [Fig. 40i]. Terminalia: gonocoxite splayed with low mesobasal lobe, gonostylus as long as gonocoxite, curved at distal third, setulose at basal third, carinate and setose beyond [Figs 40h j]. Female. Wing length 2.2 mm, width 0.8 mm. Antenna as in Figs 40c, d. Terminalia: cerci setulose, sparsely setose, with pair of long, blunt, closely set sensory hairs at apex [Fig. 40f]. Pupa, larva unknown. Biology. This species causes a marginal roll on the leaf of Impatiens platypetala (Balsaminaceae) [Figs 40a, b]. The gall is figured in DvL & DvLR (1918, gall No. 599, Fig 599 [Fig. 40a]) and described by DvLR & DvL (1926) as follows. The margin of the leaf is rolled up for a small part of its length. The infected parts are white or yellowish and considerably thickened. The gall can be common locally. Geographical distribution. This species was reported from Java (DvLR & DvL 1914, 1918; Felt 1921; DvLR & DvL 1926, 1941) from the following localities: Pagergunung, alt. 900 m, ix-1911; Paseh, near Bandung, alt. 1000 m, xii-1915; Ciharum, near Cibeber, alt. 1200 m, vi-1916; Mt Slamet, alt 800 m, v-1918; Cisarua, near Cimahi, alt. 1300 m, v-1918; Mt Gede, Cibeureum, alt. 1700 m, ii-1916; Mt Gede, Cibodas, alt. 1400 m, ix-1918; alt. 1500 m, 15-vii-1920; alt. 2000 m, vii-1928; Mt Pangrango, alt. 2300 m, vi-1920; Mt Salak, alt. 800 m, vi-1918; vii-1920; x- 1921; Mt Cikuray, alt. 1600 m, v-1925; Maseng, near Bogor, alt. 600 m, vi-1925. Additionally, Purnama Hidayat and Mahindra Dewi Nur Aisyah (IPB University) (pers. comm., Fig. 40b) found the galls at Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, Cianjur (6°52’33”S, 106°58’04”E), alt. 1407 m, 17-iv-2018; Kertajaya, Pasirkuda, near Cianjur (7°14’38”S, 107°10’24”E), alt. 504 m, 10-iv-2018; Pagelaran, near Cianjur (7°17’45”S, 107°7’7”E, alt. 967 m, 13- iv-2018; Mt Sari, Pamijahan, Bogor (near Mt. Bunder) (6°41’23”S, 107°12’01”E), alt. 967 m, 17-iii-2018. Species unplaced to genus The following three species are too incompletely known to be placed in existing genera or to describe new genera for them. Their types were reared from distinctive galls on known plants, therefore more specimens should someday be found on which to base proper descriptions., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 69-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 d) New Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 2, 89 - 92."]}

Gynodiplosis Felt [Figs 16 a–i] Gynodiplosis Felt, 1927a: 383. Type species: Gynodiplosis humata Felt, by original designation. Description. Adult. Antennae in both sexes with 12 binodal flagellomeres, basal node with one, distal with two loops of circumfila [Figs 16f, i]. Occipital protuberance absent. Palpus 1-segmented [Fig. 16g]. Wing with R 5 curved distally, joining C beyond wing apex; C broken at juncture with R 5; R 1 half-length of wing; Rs not present, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork [Fig. 16b]. Tarsal claws with two teeth on all legs [Figs 16d, e]. Male. Terminalia (seen in lateral view only)[Fig. 16c]: gonocoxite with bulbous, setulose mesobasal lobe; gonostylus long, cylindrical, gradually tapered, with many setae on distal two-thirds, setulose basally, carinate beyond; aedeagus longer than gonocoxite, cylindrical, curved dorsally, rounded apically; cerci ovoid with many setae; hypoproct incised apically, lobes narrow, each with single seta. Female. Terminalia in lateral view [Fig. 16h]: ovipositor barely protrusible; cerci separate, ovoid, microsetose, with many setae, an apical pair thickened and blunt. Pupa, larva unknown. Remarks. This monotypic genus belongs to the supertribe Cecidomyiidi and is notable for the one-segmented palpus, the curved, two-toothed tarsal claws and the female flagellomeres with two nodes and three circumfila, identical to that of the male. It is unplaced to tribe., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1927 a) Two remarkable East Indian gall midges. Treubia, 9, 382 - 384."]}

Oligoxenomyia Felt [Figs 25 a–n] Oligoxenomyia Felt, 1927b: 386. Type species: Oligoxenomyia radicis Felt, by original designation. Diagnosis. This monotypic genus belongs to the supertribe Cecidomyiidi and is notable for the large, weakly sclerotized gonostylar tooth that is set perpendicularly on the gonostylus. It remains at present unassigned to tribe. Description. Adult. Wing with R 5 straight, joining C slightly behind wing apex; C broken at juncture with R 5; Rs not present; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork [Fig. 25a]. Flagellomeres 12; in male foreshortened with two indistinct nodes, proximal node with one, distal with two whorls of circumfila, all with loops shorter than distance between them, internode partially setulose [Fig. 25b]; in female cylindrical, circumfila of two horizontal and two vertical appressed bands [Fig. 25i]. Palpus 3-segmented [Figs 25g, h]. Tarsal claws simple, strongly bent near basal third, empodia shorter than claws [Fig. 25f]. Male terminalia [Figs 25 c–e]: gonostylus broad, basal 2/3 asetose and setulose, distal third with sparse, short setae and no setulae, tooth set at strong angle to shaft, large, weakly sclerotized, carinate, with scattered short setae; aedeagus narrow in lateral view, about as long as cerci and hypoproct, recurved dorsally, rounded apically, with apical asetose sensilla. Ovipositor [Figs, 25j, k] retractable, cerci round in lateral view, setose, setulose, with pair of prominent dorsoapical, thick, blunt setae much longer than surrounding setae; hypoproct about third length of cerci, rounded apically with pair of distal setae. Pupa with large antennal horns [Fig. 25l], prothoracic spiracle long [Fig. 25m]., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1927 b) New species of East Indian gall midges. Treubia, 9, 385 - 389."]}

Dasineura elatostemmae Felt [Figs 11 a–g] Dasyneura elatostemmae Felt, 1921b: 140. Material examined. Syntypes, male, female, reared from petiole galls on Elatostema sp. [specified as Elatostema paludosum Miq. by DvLR & DvL (1926), see Remarks below] at Mt Ungaran, alt. 1000 m, 1910, Felt #a3095). Felt (1921b) gives the year 1914, likely an error (see DvL 1921). Felt’s single slide bears both type specimens. The male is mounted laterally, the abdomen uncleared, wings entirely shriveled, head and palpi partly shriveled, antennae with all 12 flagellomeres present, slightly shriveled, two legs with all segments, parts of remaining legs missing, terminalia partially misaligned and slightly shriveled. The female is uncleared, with wings entirely shriveled, head and palpi partially shriveled, antennae with all 12 flagellomeres present, slightly shriveled, all legs entire, cerci well-preserved. Description. Male. Length 1.25 mm (Felt 1921b). Palpus 4-segmented, progressively longer (Fig. 11f). Flagellomeres with nodes twice as long as wide, necks as long as nodes (Fig. 11c). Tarsal claws toothed, as long as empodia (Fig. 11d). Terminalia: mesobasal lobes sheathing aedeagus with 4 short-setose distal papillae, gonoxocal apodemes merged basally, cerci large, tapered to apex, hypoproct divided into two narrow lobes, each with setae apically, gonostylus long, tapered, sparsely setose, setulose at basal 1/7 dorsally and 3/5 ventrally (Fig. 11b). Female. Length 1.5 mm (Felt 1921b). Flagellomeres with neck 1/10 length nodes (Fig. 11g). Fully extended ovipositor as long as remainder of abdomen; fused cerci 5x longer than wide, cylindrical, setulose, setose, these denser apically, several of them thickened; hypoproct about 1/5 length of cerci (Fig. 11e). Pupa unknown. Larva. White (DvL (1921). Remarks. At the time of the type series collection at Mt Ungaran on 7-v-1910, the host plant was not in bloom and its identification to species level was not possible (DvL 1921). The plant was identified later as Elatostema paludosum Miq. by DvLR & DvL (1926), evidently based on the second collection of this species in xi-1919. Biology. This species causes [single-chambered] stem and petiole galls on Elatostema paludosum Miq. (Urticaceae). The gall was described by DvL (1921, Fig. 1 [Fig. 11a]) as follows. They are mostly spheroid or oblong swellings of the stem and the midrib. The petiole and the flower stalk can also be infested. The surface is smooth and light green. Inside is a small larval chamber with a white larva. Geographical distribution. This species is known from its type locality at Mt Ungaran, Java, alt. 1000–1200 m, where it was found 7-v-1910 and xi-1919 (DvL 1921; DvLR & DvL 1926)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151."]}

Asphondylia ixora Felt [Figs 5 a–g] Asphondylia ixora Felt, 1927b: 388. Material examined. Syntypes, 2 females reared by DvL 20-v-1923 from flower galls on Ixora timorensis Decne. (Rubiaceae), Bokor Island, north of Jakarta, Felt #a3389), Both are in fair condition on a single slide, but their ovipositors are retracted inside the abdomen. Description. Female. Wing length 2.6 mm (2.4–2.8), width 0.9 mm (0.8–1.0). Flagellomeres 1–9 progressively slightly shorter, 10–12 progressively much shorter, first flagellomere 6x longer than wide [Fig. 5c]. Palpus 3-segmented, segments progressively longer [Fig. 5b]. First tarsal segment with apicoventral spur slightly curved [Fig. 5d]. Tarsal claws strongly curved, anisomorphic, thinnest on forelegs, stout and widened at midlength on mid and hindlegs, empodia about as long as claws [Figs 5 e–g]. Needle-like protrusible part of ovipositor 2.0x longer than seventh sternite. Male, pupa, larva unknown. Remarks. The anisomorphic tarsal claws are unique among known Indonesian Asphondylia. Biology. Asphondylia ixora causes the flower gall on Ixora timorensis described and illustrated by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1433 Fig. 1016 [Fig. 5a]). The ovary is swollen into a sphere about 4 mm across, the surface is green and glossy, and inside is a spacious larval chamber surrounded by a succulent wall. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type locality on Bokor Island, north of Jakarta, where it was collected 20-v-1923., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1927 b) New species of East Indian gall midges. Treubia, 9, 385 - 389."]}

Feltiella acarivora (Zehntner) [Figs 14 a–k] Diplosis acarivora Zehntner, 1901: 203. Feltiella acarivora (Zehntner): Gagné (1995: 25), new combination. Material examined. Zehntner’s description was based on the larva, pupa, male and female in association with the spider mite Tetranychus exciccator Zehntner (Acari: Tetranychidae) feeding on sugar cane in Java. No collection data was provided, and the study specimens are presumed lost, but Zehntner included drawings that have allowed identification of his species. This was proven by Ganaha-Kikumura et al. (2012) who collected and reared it from populations preying on several spider mite species feeding on various plants in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Their slides are stored in the Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. We did not find it necessary to examine them. Morphology. This description is based on illustrations by Zehntner (1901) and the redescription by Ganaha-Kikumura et al. (2012). Male. Wing length 0.9–1.2 mm, R 5 joining C slightly anteriad of wing apex [Fig. 14a]. Palpus 3-segmented, second and third segments equally long, 2.5x longer than first [Fig. 14b]. Occipital protuberance short. Flagellomeres with circumfilar loops of basal whorl reaching midlength of internode, loops of median whorl reaching midlength of distal node, loops of distal whorl reaching midlength of neck [Fig. 14d]. Tarsal claws bowed near midlength, toothed on forelegs, simple on mid and hindlegs [Fig. 14c]. Male terminalia [Figs 14e, f]: gonocoxite long, narrow, with mesobasal bulge; gonostylus elongate, narrow, cylindrical, setulose near base, carinate beyond; aedeagus broad, evenly cylindrical, slightly concave apically; cerci short, rounded apically; hypoproct about as wide as and nearly as long as aedeagus, parallel-sided, posterior margin squared with median ligule and minute setae. Female. Flagellomere nodes 1.5x longer than wide, necks only 1/5 as long as nodes [Fig. 14i]. Cerci ovoid [Figs 14g, h]. Pupa. Length about 1 mm. Antennal bases rounded, cephalic papillae with long setae [Fig. 14k]. Larva. Length 1.10–1.25 mm. Antennae long. Terminal papillae: two outer pairs with long setae, one inner pair with short setae, a possible additional pair with very short setae unspecified but present in other species [Fig. 14j]. Remarks. In the revision by Gagné (1995) this species was placed in Feltiella based on Zehntner’s original drawings. This placement was confirmed by Ganaha-Kikumura et al. (2012) who provided a photo of the male terminalia, an ink drawing of the aedeagus and hypoproct, a redescription of the species based on newly reared specimens, and a comparison of the species with the nearly cosmopolitan Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot). DNA. Ganaha-Kikumura et al. (2012) sequenced the COI mitochondrial gene for nine individuals reared from spider mites feeding and various host plants (814 bp, GenBank accession numbers AB698995 –AB69900). The interspecific similarity of these sequences was 0–0.12%, while the similarity to the closest species, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot), was>7.51% (GenBank, access 16-xii-2019). Biology. Feltiella acarivora preys on several spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) that feed on various plants. Zehntner (1901) wrote that full-grown larvae made cocoons on the plant surface. Most records are based on the identification of the gall midge and the mite rather than the direct observation of the predatory behavior. Mites reported as prey are Tetranychus exsiccator in Indonesia, and Eutetranychus africanus (Tucker), Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst), T. kanzawai Kishida, T. neocaledonicus Andre, T. okinawanus Ehara, T. parakanzawai Ehara, T. pueraricola Ehara, and T. urticae Koch (green form) in Japan (Ganaha-Kikumura et al. 2012). Feltiella acarivora was found co-occurring with spider mites feeding on the following plants: Saccharum officinarum L. in Indonesia (Zehntner 1901), and Annona atemoya Mabb. (Annonaceae), Bauhinia sp. (Caesalpiniaceae), Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC. (Fabaceae), Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), Clerodendrum trochotomum Thunb. (Verbenaceae), Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Rchb. f. & Zoll. (Euphorbiaceae), Morus australis Poir. (Moraceae), Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. (Fabaceae), Passiflora edulis Sims (Passifloraceae), Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. (Fabaceae) and Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi (Fabaceae) in Japan (Ganaha-Kikumura et al. 2012). Geographical distribution. Japan (Iheya, Noho, Okinawa, Irabu, Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands, all Okinawa Prefecture) (Ganaha-Kikumura et al. 2012), Indonesia (Java, localities unspecified) (Zehntner 1901)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Zehntner, L. (1901) De Mijten van het Suikerriet op Java. Archief voor de Java Suikerindustrie, 1901, 193 - 209, pls. I-II.","Gagne, R. J. (1995) Revision of tetranychid (Acarina) mite predators of the genus Feltiella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88, 16 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 88.1.16","Ganaha-Kikumura, T., Yukawa, J., Tokuda, M., Ohno, S. & Abe, J. (2012) Occurrence of two acarivorous species of the genus Feltiella (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Okinawa, southern Japan, and redescription of F. acarivora (Zehntner). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 47, 319 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13355 - 012 - 0122 - x"]}

Lestodiplosis syringopais (Hering) [Figs 23 a–q] Coprodiplosis syringopais Hering 1931: 59. Lestodiplosis syringopais (Hering): Gagné 1973: 504, new combination. Type series. Hering (1931) described the male, female, pupa and larva from a population co-occurring with a population of the mining moth Phyllocnistis nepenthae Hering feeding on the pitcher plant Nepenthes tobaica Danser, collected along a road between Balige and Siborong-Borong, Lake Toba, Sumatra, 17-iv-1929. The types are not present in the Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin (ZMHB, Jenny Pohl, pers. comm. 11-v-2017) and might be lost. Description (based on description and illustrations in Hering (1931)). Adult. Flagellomeres 12. Palpus 3-segmented, first segment half-length of second, third slightly longer than second [Fig. 23b]. Wing with R 5 evenly bowed, reaching beyond wing apex; R 1 about half wing length; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork; R S positioned less than halfway between arculus and end of R 1 [Fig. 23a]. Tarsal claws thin, simple, empodia nearly as long as claws [Figs 23d, e]. Male. Size 1.2 mm. Flagellomeres with spheroid proximal and ovoid distal node; proximal node with single whorl of looped circumfila, distal with two, proximal loops reaching mid length of internode, middle loops barely reaching bases of distal loops, distal loops reaching end of neck [Figs 23 f–h]. Terminalia [Figs 23 i–k]: gonocoxite narrow, mesobasal lobe long, acutely pointed; gonostylus narrow, tapering; cerci and hypoproct blunt apically; aedeagus evenly cylindrical, sinuous in lateral view. Female. Flagellomeres constricted at mid length, with two whorls of short-looped, bowed, longitudinally linked circumfila [Figs 23l, m]. Cerci ovoid, hypoproct about one-third cercal length [Fig. 23k]. Pupa. Little in a diagnostic way is described or drawn of this stage in Hering (1931) except that the abdominal spiracles of the fourth through seventh segment appear long and tube-like. Larva. Little is diagnostic for the larva, also, although the drawing of the head appears remarkably more accurate than any other part of the body. [Fig. 23n]. Other than that, characters that may be diagnostic are: outer pair of dorsal thoracic papillae have long setae and two middle pairs much shorter [Figs 23o, p]. The terminal segment shows 6 or 8 papillae but without the usual setae, which could have broken off [Fig. 23q]. Remarks. See comparison among adults of congeners occurring in Indonesia under L. lactifera and between this species and L. oomeni under the latter species. Biology. The life cycle of this species as the predator of a mining moth needs to be confirmed. Larvae of the type population were found on pitcher plants Nepenthes tobaica (Nepenthaceae) with a dense, superficial network of mines on their pitchers caused by caterpillars of the mining moth Phyllocnistis nepenthae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Phyllocnistinae) at Lake Toba, Sumatra (Hering 1931). Gall midge larvae pupated in a silky cocoon on the pitcher. The assumption that L. syringopais is a predator of P. nepenthae was based on a large abundance of both species, the gall midge and the mining moth (Thienemann pers. comm. in Hering (1931)), rather than an observation of predation. On the other hand, Beaver (1979) found in Penang, Malaysia, several larvae that he identified as L. syringopais in pitchers of N. albomarginata and N. gracilis that had no association with any leaf miner. The larvae were seen to attack and feed on small larvae of Endonepenthia schuitemakeri (Diptera: Phoridae) in the liquid at the bottom of the pitchers. When mature, the larvae of the gall midge were seen to crawl up the side of the pitcher and construct silken cocoon-like coverings in which they pupated. We have not seen Beaver’s specimens. Geographical distribution. The confirmed occurrence of this species is currently confined to its type locality at Lake Toba, Sumatra, 17-iv-1929., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Hering, M. (1931) Eine in den Kannen von Nepenthes minierende Phyllocnistis (Lepidopt.) und ihr Parasit, eine neue Coprodiplosis (Dipt. Cecidom.). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 8, 50 - 70, pls. IX-X.","Gagne, R. J. (1973) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. I. Order Nematocera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 480 - 517.","Beaver, R. (1979) Biological studies of the fauna of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) in west Malaysia. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, New Series, 15 (1), 3 - 17."]}

“Calopedila” polyalthiae Felt [Figs 41 a–h] Calopedila polyalthiae Felt 1927b: 385; Gagné 1973: 288, unplaced to genus. Material examined. Syntype series, 8 males, 17 females, pupa, reared from fruit gall on Polyalthia subcordata (Blume) Blume, Mt Gede, Cibodas, Java, xi-1923, Felt #a3386. The types are uncleared and mounted on two slides, the first with 7 males, 6 females and 1 pupa, all abdomens filled with black, non-transparent matter and male terminalia mounted laterally and badly shriveled, the second slide with 1 male, 9 females, all abdomens filled with black matter except for part of the terminalia on some specimens. Description. Adult. Occipital protuberance absent. Wing: R 5 nearly straight, joining C anteriad of wing apex, C broken at juncture with R 5, Rs not present [Fig. 41e] Irregular number of flagellar segments, first and second flagellomeres not connate, 17–18 (n= 3 in male, cylindrical and short-necked [Fig. 41h], and 19 (n=1) flagellomeres in female with very short necks [Fig. 41g]. Palpus 3-segmented, palpiger present [Fig. 41c]. Tarsal claws bent at midlength, robust, toothed, empodia as long as claws [Fig. 41d]. Male. Wing 2.4 mm (2.4–2.5) long, 1.1 mm (1.0–1.1) wide. Terminalia not properly observable on available specimens; gonostylus completely setulose. Female. Wing 3.0 mm (2.9–3.0) long, 1.2 mm wide. Terminalia: elongate, protractible, cerci fused, tapered, more than 2x longer than basal width, hypoproct narrow in lateral view, 1/3 length of cerci [Fig. 41f]. Pupa [Fig. 41b]. Cervical setae short, less than half-length of antennal horns. Antennal horns elongate, in ventral view narrowed by half at distal third, resulting in an acutely pointed lateral lobe and a terminal, rounded apical lobe. Prothoracic spiracle short, narrow. Remarks. Felt (1927b) placed this species only tentatively in Calopedila, a genus erected for Rhopalomyia herbsti (Kieffer 1903) that causes a branch gall on Baccharis rosmarinifolia (Asteraceae) in Chile. The Chilean species has tarsal claws with small teeth and empodia that are nearly twice the length of the claws, male flagellomeres without necks, and female cerci that are no longer than broad. From these characters Calopedila appears to have an affinity to Rhopalomyia Rübsaamen and is treated as a junior synonym of Rhopalomyia in Gagné & Jaschhof (2017). “ Calopedila ” polyalthiae is shown here to have tarsal claws with large teeth and empodia that are only as long as the claws [Fig. 41d], male flagellomeres with necks [Fig. 41h], and female cerci that are elongate and narrow [Fig. 41f], all of which show that the species was initially misplaced to genus. The species belongs to the supertribe Lasiopteridi, but we cannot guess where this species might be assigned below that level given the poor specimens available and the fact that so little is known of SE Asian Lasiopteridi generally. We might feel justified in erecting a new genus for “ C.” polyalthiae once better material is found. Biology. This species causes a fruit gall on Polyalthia subcordata (Annonaceae) described by DvLR & DvL 1926, gall No. 408, Fig. 293 [Fig. 41a]). Individual galls are spheroid, about 3 mm across and covered with short brown hairs. They develop on the surface of the fruit, occurring mostly gregariously and arranged in thick irregular clumps. The larval chamber is small and spherical. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from its type locality at Mt Gede, Cibodas, Java, alt. 1400 m, vi-1920; alt. 1500 m, xi-1923 (DvLR & DvL 1926)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 71-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1927 b) New species of East Indian gall midges. Treubia, 9, 385 - 389.","Gagne, R. J. (1973) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. I. Order Nematocera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 480 - 517.","Kieffer, J. - J. (1903) Description de cecidomyies nouvelles du Chili. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 7, 226 - 228.","Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 4 th Edition. Digital. U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Available from: https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUser- Files / 80420580 / Gagne _ 2014 _ World _ Cecidomyiidae _ Catalog _ 3 rd _ Edition. pdf (accessed 23 December 2019)"]}

Asphondylia yushimai Yukawa & Uechi [Figs 4 d–e] Asphondylia yushimai Yukawa & Uechi, 2003 in Yukawa et al. (2003a: 77), nomen nudum. Asphondylia yushimai Yukawa & Uechi, 2003 in Yukawa et al. (2003b: 265). Type series. Holotype male (slide Cecid. No. B 2461) from malformed pod of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), collected at Kamifukumoto, Kagoshima City, Japan in mid x-1979, emerged 17-x-1979; paratypes: 35 males, 35 females, 14 larvae, 26 pupae, collected and reared from G. max (slides Cecid. Nos. B 2401–2413, B2417– 2436, B2451–2455, B2462–2479) and Prunus zippeliana Miquel (slides Cecid. Nos. C 0501–0514, C0521–0530, C0544–0565, C0571–0578) in Japan at various dates (Yukawa et al. 2003a). Types are lodged in the Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan. We did not find it necessary to examine the types of this species. DNA. Yukawa et al. (2003a) described the morphology and sequenced COI mitochondrial gene fragment from populations on G. max (GenBank accession numbers AB085776 – AB085787, AB085856 – AB085859, AB085863 – AB085866, AB085868, AB085870, AB085871, AB086429) and on P. zippeliana in Japan (AB 085860 – AB085862, AB085867, AB085869). Uechi et al. (2005) sequenced COI from population on Osmanthus heterophyllus (G. Don) P. S. Green in Japan (AB 194469 – AB194477). Uechi & Yukawa (2006) sequenced COI from population on G. max in Japan (AB 197981 – AB197984). Uechi et al. (2018) sequenced COI from population on G. max in Japan (LC 348697 – LC348701) and South Korea (LC 348702 – LC348706). GenBank (accessed 15-xii-2019) currently contains 50 sequences of COI, 6 sequences of 12S ribosomal gene and 4 of other genes, with the intraspecific divergence in COI Morphology. This species can be distinguished from its congeners with known larvae and pupae by the combination of the following characters (Yukawa et al. 2003a). Larval sternal spatula with long shaft; four anterior lobes, pointed apically, outer lobes longer than inner lobes; adjacent three inner and two outer lateral papillae, all setose. Pupal antennal horn long, finely serrated on medial edge; anterior frontal horn simple, pointed; three posterior frontal horns forming a roughly equilateral triangle. Biology. Asphondylia yushimai causes malformation of the pods of soybean, Glycine max (Fabaceae) [Figs 4d, e], and fruit malformation on Prunus zippeliana (Rosaceae) and Osmanthus heterophyllus (Oleaceae) Uechi et al. (2018). This insect is one of the major pests of soybeans in Japan (see references in Yukawa et al. 2003a). It is one of several Asphondylia spp. with alternate hosts (Uechi et al. 2004). In Japan, A. yushimai utilizes G. max as the summer host, and P. zippeliana and O. heterophyllus as the autumn-to-spring hosts (Uechi et al. 2018). Geographical distribution. Asphondylia yushimai was found feeding on Glycine max, Prunus zippeliana and Osmanthus heterophyllus in Japan, and on G. max in South Korea, China and Indonesia (Nakayama 1982 [as Asphondylia sp.]; Yukawa et al. 2003a; Uechi et al. 2018). The extent of this insect’s distribution and the damage to soybean production in Indonesia have yet to be assessed., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Yukawa, J., Uechi, N., Horikiri, M. & Tuda, M. (2003 a) Description of the soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia yushimai sp. n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a major pest of soybean and findings of host alternation. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 93, 73 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / BER 2002218","Yukawa, J., Uechi, N., Horikiri, M. & Tuda, M. (2003 b) Addendum: Description of the soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia yushimai sp. n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a major pest of soybean and findings of host alternation. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 93, 265. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / BER 2002218","Uechi, N., Yukawa, J. & Usuba, S. (2005) Discovery of an additional winter host of the soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia yushimai (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 40, 597 - 607. https: // doi. org / 10.1303 / aez. 2005.597","Uechi, N. & Yukawa, J. (2006) Host range and life history of Asphondylia sphaera Monzen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): use of short-term alternate hosts. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, 1165 - 1171. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2006) 99 [1165: HRALHO] 2.0. CO; 2","Uechi, N., Kim, W., Tokuda, M., Fujii, T., Kikuchi, H., Kakizaki, M., Iwasaki, A., Paik, J. - C. & Yukawa, J. (2018) Genetic and ecological differences between Asphondylia yushimai and the ivy gall midge, Asphondylia sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with a new distribution record of the former from Hokkaido and South Korea. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 53, 363 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13355 - 018 - 0567 - 7","Uechi, N., Yukawa, J. & Yamaguchi, D. (2004) Host alternation by gall midges of the genus Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). In: Evenhuis, N. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (Eds.), Contributions to the systematics and evolution of Diptera. D. Elmo Hardy Mem Vol 12, Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, pp. 53 - 66.","Nakayama, K. (1982) Status on agriculture and soybean cultivation in Java. Research Report of Japan-Indonesia Joint Agricultural Research Project (JR 84 - 41). Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Tokyo, 18 pp. [project report in Japanese]"]}

Bruggmanniella orientalis (Felt). New combination. [Figs 10 a–e] Diceromyia orientalis Felt, 1927b: 388. Apoasphondylia orientalis (Felt): Gagné 1973: 493, new combination. Material examined: Holotype male reared by DvL, 3-ii-1924 from Phoebe declinata Nees. (Lauraceae) collected in virgin forest, near Sibolangit (Medan area), Sumatra, Indonesia, Felt #a3387). The specimen was “badly broken” when Felt (1927b) received it. The Canada balsam slide preparation contains the uncleared body with flagellomeres missing, wings collapsed and only two entire legs present, one fore- and one hindleg. The terminalia are viewable caudally, only the gonostyli are visible. Description. Male. Length 2 mm. Palpus 1-segmented, twice as long as wide, with long setae [Fig. 10d]. First tarsal segment with strong, slightly curved, pointed, ventroapical spur [Fig. 10c]. Tarsal claws rather narrow, bent at distal third, empodia reaching bend in claws [Fig. 10b], pulvilli tiny. Gonostylus as long as wide at midlength, with two separate, pointed, distal teeth, 3x as long as basal width, one of them slightly shorter than the other [Fig. 10e]. Female, pupa, and larva unknown. Remarks. This species, previously assigned to Apoasphondylia Gagné, a replacement name for the preoccupied Diceromyia Felt, shows no close affinity to the type species A. vernoniae (Felt) that causes an undescribed gall on Vernonia lancifolia Merr. (Asteraceae) in the Philippines (Felt 1918). That species has a single, bifurcate gonostylar tooth with two greatly uneven points, one of them twice the length of the other (Gagné 1969, Fig. 4). Known only from the male, B. orientalis could fit in either Bruggmanniella or Pseudasphondylia, genera defined on the basis of larval and pupal characters (Gagné 1994; Elsayed, pers. comm.). We elect to place A. orientalis in Bruggmanniella, the older name of the two possibilities. Biology. This species induces a complex stem gall on Phoebe declinata (Fig. 10a), described and illustrated by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 468, Fig. 331). The gall consists of a large, irregular, amorphous swelling made of hypertrophic bark tissue from which several thin, cylindrical, pointed tubes protrude. The basal swelling is greybrown, about 30 mm long and 10–15 mm wide, and does not alter the woody tissue inside the bark. The protruding tubes, green with red bases, narrow, pointed, hard-walled and 10–20 mm long in total, are embedded within the swelling. Each tube contains a larval chamber that stretches along the length of the tube and is occupied by a single larva. Geographical distribution. This species is currently known only from the type locality near Sibolangit, Medan area, on the east coast of Sumatra where it was collected from Phoebe declinata 3-ii-1924., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1927 b) New species of East Indian gall midges. Treubia, 9, 385 - 389.","Gagne, R. J. (1973) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. I. Order Nematocera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 480 - 517.","Felt, E. P. (1918) New Philippine gall midges, with a key to the Itonididae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 13, 281 - 325, pl. I.","Gagne, R. J. (1969) A review of Felt's Philippine genera and species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Pacific Insects, 11, 561 - 570."]}

Lasioptera javanica Kieffer & Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan [Figs 18 a–b] Lasioptera javanica Kieffer & DvLR, 1910: 123. Type series. Kieffer & DvLR (1910) collected larvae and reared the type male and female from a stem gall [Fig. 18a] on Zehneria maysorensis (Wight & Arn.) Arn. (as Melothria perpusilla Cogn.) in Java [likely at Salatiga]. The types are presumed lost (Gagné & Jaschhof 2017). Description (from Kieffer & DvLR 1910 (changed to fit current terminology)). Adult. Palpus 4-segmented, first segment as long as wide, second slightly longer than wide, third and fourth about 2.5x longer than wide. Antenna with 24 flagellomeres, flagellomeres without constriction. Wing with vein R 5 longer than half-length of wing, nearly 2x as long as R 1, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork, the branches longer than base; anterior wing edge, R 1, R 5 covered with black scales, distal end of R 5 with white spot. Tarsal claws toothed, as long as empodia. Male. Flagellomeres slightly shorter than wide. Terminalia: hypoproct not appreciably longer than cerci, narrow, rounded terminally, slightly shorter than aedeagus, aedeagus shorter than gonocoxites. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Flagellomeres without necks. Ovipositor long, protractible. Pupa unknown. Larva. Length 2 mm. Orangey yellow. Spatula dark brown; anterior part as long as wide, with two short blunt teeth; shaft 3x longer than anterior part. Remarks. The species description is essentially generic and cannot be improved upon until galls are found again. Biology. This species causes a stem gall on Zehneria maysorensis (Wight. & Arn.) Arn. (Cucurbitaceae). The gall is a several centimeters-long swelling of the young stem, petiole and occasionally leaf midrib (DvLR & DvL (1909a, Fig. 8 [Fig. 18a]), DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1497, Fig. 1061 [Fig. 18b]). Inside are several larval chambers, each containing fungal mycelium and a single larva that pupates in the gall. Adults emerge in July. Remarks. Additionally, DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1496, Fig. 1060) described a globular flower gall, containing orange larvae, from Java (Salatiga, alt. 600 m, i-1909; Bandung, alt. 700 m, v-1918, Telaga Warna, near Mt Gede, alt. 1400 m, ix-1923) and Kayuadi Island, Selayar archipelago (v-1913), which they attributed to this species (as Prolasioptera javanica Kieffer & Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan). Adults need to be reared to confirm this latter species’ identity, and we are not associating the gall with L. javanica here. Geographical distribution. This species is known from Java and Selayar Island, South Sulawesi province (DvLR & DvL (1926). Java: Salatiga, alt. 600 m, i-1909; Cinyiruan, near Bandung, alt. 1600 m, vi-1910; Mt Ungaran, alt. 1000 m, x-1910; Plabuan, near Weleri, alt. 2 m, viii-1912; Mt Muria, alt. 300 m, x-1912; Kamojang, near Garut, alt. 1500, xii-1915; Mt Slamet, alt. 2000 m, v-1918. Selayar Island: Bitombang, alt. 400 m, v-1913., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 4 th Edition. Digital. U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Available from: https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUser- Files / 80420580 / Gagne _ 2014 _ World _ Cecidomyiidae _ Catalog _ 3 rd _ Edition. pdf (accessed 23 December 2019)"]}

Lasioptera manilensis Felt [Figs 19 a–j] Lasioptera manilensis Felt, 1918: 288. Material examined. Holotype female (NYSM #a2851, labelled “Type”), reared by L. B. Uichanco from leaf gall on Leea manillensis Walp. (Vitaceae), Los Baños, Laguna, Luzon, the Philippines, 2-viii-1917, type gall No 18318. Paratype: female, No. 18318 (Uichanco), Mt Makiling, Laguna, Luzon, the Philippines, 21-viii-1917. We examined the female holotype and the female paratype. A male, originally listed in Felt (1918) as a paratype (under No. 18318), was not described and is not in the Felt collection. The holotype is a whole mount, cleared, with all characters present, but most of the ovipositor is inserted inside the dorsolaterally mounted abdomen. The paratype is a cleared remount (by RJG), bearing an additional label reading “C F Baker collection 1927”, and consists of a wing and a laterally mounted abdomen, the two parts are in good condition and mounted under separate coverslips. Description. Female. Wing 2.1 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; Rs 2/3 wing length, C interrupted at juncture with Rs, R 1 third wing length [Fig. 19e]. Flagellomeres 21 on both antennae in the holotype, slightly longer than wide, necks minute, circumfila consisting of two horizonal and one vertical, interconnected bands [Fig. 19h]. palpus 3-segmented, first segment as long as wide, second 2x, third 3x as long as first [Fig. 19i]. Tarsal claws with strong tooth, empodia as long as claws [Fig. 19f]. Abdominal eighth tergite membranous, with pair of anterior trichoid sensilla and, beyond on each side, a lateral group of dense spines [Fig. 19g]. Ovipositor: protrusible part nearly bare dorsally, setose ventrally; cerci: fused, cylindrical, broadly rounded apically; basal, glabrous two-thirds with long, curved, spoon-like setae dorsally and shorter, apically broadened setae laterally; distal third setulose, with closely spaced, short, thick setae dorsoapically and scattered, thinner setae elsewhere; pair of discrete, large, setose and setulose, dorsolateral lamellae [Fig. 19j]. Remarks. The ovipositor of L. manilensis differs from other congeners in the presence of a pair of dorsolateral lamellae, resembling the lateral lamellae of the Australian Dactylasioptera (Kolesik & Veenstra-Quah 2008; Veenstra et al. 2018). Male, pupa, larva unknown. Biology. Felt (1918) stated that the types were reared from a leaf gall on L. manillensis and referred to Uichanco’s description (1919, gall No. 18318, Figs II-3, IX-1, IX-3 [Figs 19 a–c]) which we paraphrase as follows. Monothalamous leaf gall; irregularly subspherical and appearing on both sides of the leaf, the superior lobe smaller than inferior and sometimes flushed with carmine, otherwise uniformly lettuce green throughout, smooth, non-pubescent. The original puncture of the ovipositor is usually marked by a small, funnel-shaped, eccentric depression. The inferior lobe is generally carmine, with a thin lettuce green border, the general contour more or less wavy in outline, smooth and non-pubescent. The leaf lamina immediately adjoining the gall is convoluted circumferentially. The wall is hard but brittle, the interior is fleshy, light green and semitranslucent. The larval chamber is located in the center along the longitudinal axis of the gall and curved downward at one end. When the adult is ready to emerge, a circular flap is pushed outwards from the inferior lobe. The superior lobe is 7.5 to 9.5 mm long and 5 mm wide, the inferior lobe 7 to 9.5 mm long and 5.5 to 7 mm wide, and 4 to 5.5 mm thick. DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 867, Fig. 622 [Fig. 19d]) found the galls to be common on Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. in Indonesia. Their description agrees in all particulars with that of Uichanco (1919). There are two other types of globular leaf galls induced by Cecidomyiidae on L. indica in Indonesia (DvLR & DvL (1926) – a round, hairy gall on the leaf’s upper side (gall No. 868, Fig. 623) and a fusiform, glabrous leaf ribgall visible on both sides of the leaf (gall No. 869, Fig. 624), but the gall makers were not reared. Geographical distribution. This species occurs in the Philippines (Uichanco 1919) and Indonesia where it was found in Java and Sumatra (DvLR & DvL, 1926). Java: Tempuran, near Semarang, alt. 100m, v-1909; Mt Ungaran, alt. 1000 m, x-1910; Tretes, near Mt Welirang, alt. 600 m, vi-1911; Pare, near Kediri, alt. 200 m, v-1912; Kuripan, near Pekalongan, i-1911; Plabuan, near Weleri, ix-1912, Mt Muria, alt. 400 m, ix-1912; Nusa Kambangan island, x-1913; Cisokan, near Cibeber, alt. 700 m, xii-1917; Sawahan, near Mt Wilis, alt. 500, iv-1918; Depok, alt. 100 m, v-1911, vii-1918, x-1919; Mt Salak, alt. 1000 m, vi-1918, ix-1919, vii-1920; Bogor, alt. 250 m, xii-1918, viii-1919; Mt Cibodas, Ciampea, near Bogor, alt. 200 m, iv-1919, Wanayasa, near Purwakarta, Java, alt. 1000 m, vii-1920; Tegalwaru, near Krawang, xii-1923. Sumatra: Padang, ix-1913; Mt Rate, Way Lima, Telokbetung, alt. 400 m, xi- 1921., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1918) New Philippine gall midges, with a key to the Itonididae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 13, 281 - 325, pl. I.","Kolesik, P. & Veenstra-Quah, A. A. (2008) New gall midge taxa (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Australian Chenopodiaceae. Australian Journal of Entomology, 47, 213 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.2008.00648. x","Veenstra, A. A., Lebel, T., Milne, J. & Kolesik, P. (2018) Two new species of Dactylasioptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing stem galls on Maireana (Chenopodiaceae). Austral Entomololgy, 58 (1), 220 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12363","Uichanco, L. B. (1919) A biological and systematic study of Philippine plant galls. The Philippine Journal of Science, 14 (5), 527 - 554, pls. I-XV. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 14568"]}

Orseolia caulicola Gagné [Figs 27 a–g] Parallelodiplosis javanica Felt, 1921d: 91. Orseolia caulicola Gagné, 1973: 507, new name for P. javanica, (junior secondary homonymy); Gagné 1985: 139, revision. Material examined. Lectotype male designated by Gagné (1985: 139), and male and 2 female paralectotypes, reared from leaf sheath gall on Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase (as Panicum indicum L.) (Poaceae) in Bogor, Java, Indonesia, vi-1920, Felt type #a3150. We examined the males which are mounted as whole, cleared insects on a single slide, with all characters preserved except the barely observable circumfila. Description. Adult. Wing as in Fig. 27b. Palpus 4-segmented [Fig. 27c]. Tarsal claws simple, narrow, bent at distal third, as long as empodia [Fig. 27g]. Male. Flagellomeres as for genus [Fig. 27e], last flagellomere with apical extension [Fig. 27f]. Terminalia [Fig. 27d]: gonostylus short, strongly tapered, setulose except immediately next to distal tooth where carinate; cerci triangular, wide; hypoproct conical, slightly tapered; aedeagus narrow, as long as hypoproct, with several asetose sensilla on distal half. Female. Tergum 10 with numerous short lateral setae, more similar to O. paspali than to less densely setose in O. oryzae [Fig. 31f], cerci as in O. oryzae [Fig. 31e] (Gagné 1985). Pupa, larva unknown. Remarks. Orseolia caulicola is morphologically similar to O. oryzae and its close relatives O. eragrostisae (Mani), O. similis (Mani), O. difficilis Gagné and O paspali (Gagné 1985). Biology. This gall midge causes a leaf sheath gall on Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase described by DvLR & DvL (1926) as Hymenachne indica Buese. (= Panicum indicum L), gall No 59, Fig 36. [Fig. 27a]). The slender white or greenish gall tubes develop chiefly in the inflorescences. Leaf buds grow between the flowers in the axils of the leaves of the flower stalks and the leaf ends of these buds change into galls. The galls occur also in axillary buds on the main stems and side branches. Geographical distribution. This species is known from its type locality in Bogor, Java, where it was collected vi-1920 (DvLR & DvL 1926)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 d) New Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 2, 89 - 92.","Gagne, R. J. (1973) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. I. Order Nematocera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 480 - 517.","Gagne, R. J. (1985) A taxonomic revision of the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), and its relatives (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Entomography, 3, 127 - 162."]}

Gynodiplosis humata Felt, 1927 [Figs 16 a–i] Gynodiplosis humata Felt, 1927a: 383. Material examined. Syntypes, male, female, reared from Davallia repens (L.fil.) Kuhn [as Humata alpina Moore in Felt (1927a) and H. repens Diels in DvLR & DvL (1941)], collected at Mt Gede, Cibodas, Java, alt. 1500 m, 13- i-1926, Felt #a3448). Felt’s types are mounted in lateral position as whole, uncleared, on separate slides. Description. Male. Length 3 mm (Felt 1927a). Antenna: scape widened distally, as long as wide distally; pedicel oval, longer than wide; flagellomeres: [Fig. 16f] first and second not fused, basal node round, as wide as long, internode half-length basal node, distal node slightly constricted at mid length, twice as long as wide, neck as long as internode, length of circumfilar loops closely embracing flagellomere: basal loops reaching mid length of internode, middle loops reaching base of distal loops, distal loops reaching end of neck; nodes densely covered with microtrichia, internode with few microtrichia. Palpus 1-segmented, 1.5x longer than wide [as in Fig. 16g]. Wing length 3.5 mm, width 1.4 mm [Fig. 16b]. Tarsal claws with two basal teeth, the distal tooth about half size of claw, the proximal variable in size, ranging from half to same size of distal tooth, even on same leg [Figs 16d, e]. Terminalia as for genus [Fig. 16c]. Female. Length 4 mm (Felt 1927a). Wing length 4.0 mm, width 1.5 mm. Flagellomere [Fig. 16i] similar to male. Terminalia as for genus [Fig. 16h]. Pupa, larva unknown. Biology. This species causes a leaf gall on the fern Davallia repens (L.fil.) Kuhn (Davalliaceae) described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 14, Fig. 8 [Fig. 16a]). The spherical gall is attached by a short pedicel to the upper side of a secondary leaf vein. Leaflets surrounding the gall are distorted and may be shaped into a kind of calyx surrounding the base of the gall. The gall is glabrous, thick and solid and surrounds a spacious larval chamber. Geographical distribution. Gynodiplosis humata is known from Java where it was found at Mt Tangkuban Perahu, near Bandung, Java, alt. 1600 m, vi-1915 and Mt Gede, Cibodas, alt. 1400 m, i-1925 (DvLR & DvL 1926)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1927 a) Two remarkable East Indian gall midges. Treubia, 9, 382 - 384."]}

Asphoxenomyia smilacis Felt [Figs 9 a–l] Asphoxenomyia smilacis Felt, 1927a: 382. Material examined. Syntypes, 2 males, female, reared from leaf galls on Smilax modesta DC., collected at Mt Gede, Cibodas, Java, alt. 1600 m, 14-i-1926, Felt #a3449, One slide bears a male, the other a male and a female, all mounted laterally and uncleared. One male has six and seven flagellomeres remaining with well-preserved circumfila, one fully extended wing, the other folded, an entire midleg, the remaining legs missing the distal tarsal segments, and the substantially compressed terminalia. The other male has two and three flagellomeres remaining, circumfila and wings well-preserved, two mid and one hindleg present, remaining legs missing the distal tarsal segments, terminalia heavily compressed, mostly filled with bubbles containing black matter. The female bears 10 flagellomeres on each antenna, one well-preserved wing, the other folded, an entire midleg present with claws inside a clear bubble, remaining legs missing their tarsi, and terminalia with only distal parts visible, remainder with bubbles containing black matter. Description. Male. Length 3 mm (Felt 1927a), wing length 3.3 mm (3.3–3.4), width 1.4 mm (1.3–1.5). Antenna: scape slightly longer than wide, pedicel 1.5x wider than long, fifth flagellomere 2.5x longer than wide [Fig. 9c]. Palpus as in Fig. 9b. Last tarsal segment 10x longer than wide at midlength [Fig. 9g]; tarsal claws pectinate, bent at acute angle at basal third; empodia as long as bend in claws; pulvilli one-third length of empodia [Fig. 9h]. Terminalia with wide aedeagus bearing small apical process with a few ventral asetose sensoria; hypoproct with deeply incised lobes each bearing long seta, cerci setose apically. Female. Length 3 mm (Felt 1927a). Wing length 3.9 mm, width 1.3 mm. Flagellomeres [Figs 9j, k]: first 3x longer than wide, second to tenth equal in length, 2.5x longer than wide, eleventh and twelfth missing. Ovipositor with subglobular cerci, setae dorsally. Larva, pupa unknown. Biology. This species induces a mass of small, round leaf galls on Smilax modesta (Smilacaceae), described and illustrated by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 103 Fig. 59 [Fig. 9l]). Affected leaves are entirely deformed except the apices that remain normal. Individual galls are small, approximately spherical and hard. They occur closely together in groups of 40–50, causing the leaf to thicken and bend. Galled leaves are only about 20 mm long while the normal leaves are about 100 mm in length. Geographical distribution. This species is known from two localities on Java: Mt Putri, near Bandung, alt. 1400 m, ii-1916; Mt Gede, Cibodas, alt. 1600 m, 14-i-1926 (DvLR & DvL 1926; Felt 1927a), Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1927 a) Two remarkable East Indian gall midges. Treubia, 9, 382 - 384."]}

Asphondylia callicarpae Felt [Figs 3 a–o] Asphondylia callicarpae Felt, 1918: 285. Material examined. Syntypes, male, 3 females, and a pupal exuviae [fragment], Felt #a2843, reared from leaf galls on Callicarpa erioclona Schauer (Verbenaceae [now Lamiaceae]), Mt Makiling, Laguna Province, Luzon, the Philippines, collected at altitude 200–300 m viii-1917 and reared by L.B. Uichanco 3-ix-1917. One slide bears a male missing an antenna, another slide with a complete female except with its head inside an anterior fragment of a pupal exuviae, and the two other females are still pinned and well-preserved. Three years after the original description, Felt (1921d) described one female and two pupae reared by DvL from a leaf gall on Callicarpa longifolia Lam. collected at Mt Ungaran, Java, iv-1914, and concluded that they belonged to this species. We examined those specimens also: an uncleared female and pupa and a pupal exuviae, are on a single slide (Felt #a3102). Description. Male. Wing length 2.3 mm, width 1.0 mm. Antenna: scape 2x longer than wide, pedicel slightly wider than long, flagellomeres slightly progressively shorter [Fig. 3g]. Palpus 3-segmented, division between second and third may be indistinct, segments progressively longer [Fig. 3d]. First tarsal segment with apicoventral spur short, robust, curved at basal third [Fig. 3e]. Tarsal claws robust, curved at midlength, empodia as long as claws, pulvilli minute [Fig. 3f]. Gonostylus as wide as long in posterior view, one tooth long and pointed, one short and blunt [Fig. 3h]. Female. Wing length 2.6 mm, width 1.0 mm, vein R 5 joining C at wing apex, R 1 2/3 wing length [Fig. 3j]. Flagellomeres 1–9 progressively slightly shorter, 10–12 progressively much shorter, first flagellomere 5x longer than wide [Fig. 3k]. Palpus 3-segmented, segments progressively longer [Fig. 3i]. Needle-like protrusible part of ovipositor 2.4x longer than seventh sternite [Fig. 3l]. Pupa. The anterior end of the pupal exuviae fragment collected in 1917 in the Philippines and mounted by Felt has large antennal horns with finely serrated inner edges, one large anterior frontal horn and three smaller posterior frontal horns placed in the shape of an isosceles triangle, the posteriormost, situated adjacent to the labella, recurved and rugose [Fig. 3m]. Larva unknown. Remarks. The pupa has serrated inner edges of the antennal horns, and the posteriormost of the three lower frontal horns is somewhat removed from the other two and uniquely rugose. We note that the frontal horns of the Javan specimens [Figs 3m, n] are noticeably larger than those seen on the Philippine pupa [Fig. 3m]. We defer to future study, possibly until larvae can be compared, whether that difference is a specific one. Biology. Uichanco (1919) reared the type specimens in the Philippines from leaf galls on Callicarpa erioclona Schauer (gall No. 18147, Plate X Fig. 2 [Fig. 3a]) and described the gall as about 30 mm, width 15 mm, thickness 16 mm, polythalamous, consisting of an enlargement of the midrib and forming with the atrophied leaf lamina a single mass of succulent tissue. The enlarged portion is tomentose, concave above and convex on the nether surface. The petiole, usually the leaf apex, and a small portion at the base are sometimes unaffected. The hair covering is long, dark brown and concolorous with the normal short pubescence of the plant. Larval chambers are subellipsoid, their size variable and arranged irregularly in close proximity to the upper, concave surface. The deformation is confined to younger, subterminal leaves. Galls were abundant at the type locality and present most of the year (Uichanco 1919). DvL (1921, Fig. 8 [Fig. 3c]) and DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1291, Fig. 927 [Fig. 3b]) reported a similar gall on Callicarpa longifolia from several localities in Indonesia. The insects reared from the Indonesian galls were examined by Felt who considered them conspecific with the insects from the Philippine galls (Felt 1921b; DvLR & DvL 1926). Geographical distribution. This species is known from its type locality at Mt Makiling, Laguna Province, Luzon, in the Philippines where it was reared from Callicarpa erioclona viii-1917 (Felt 1918) and from several localities in Indonesia (DvLR & DvL 1926) where the galls were found on Callicarpa longifolia on Java at Mt Muria, alt. 500 m, x-1912; Ciharum, near Cibeber,, alt. 1000 m, vi-1916; Cadas Malang, near Cibeber, alt. 1000 m, iv-1917; Mt Gede, Cibodas, alt. 1500 m, ix-1918; Pesewahan, south of Cibadak, near Bogor, alt. 600 m, viii-1918; Mt Ungaran, alt. 1200 m, xi-1919; Wanayasa, near Purwakarta, alt. 1000 m, vii-1920 and in Sumatra at Rimbo Pengadang vi-1916., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1918) New Philippine gall midges, with a key to the Itonididae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 13, 281 - 325, pl. I.","Felt, E. P. (1921 d) New Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 2, 89 - 92.","Uichanco, L. B. (1919) A biological and systematic study of Philippine plant galls. The Philippine Journal of Science, 14 (5), 527 - 554, pls. I-XV. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 14568","Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151."]}

Actilasioptera falcaria (Felt) [Figs 2 a–j] Stefaniella falcaria Felt, 1921b: 141 (in part); Gagné (in Gagné & Law 1999): 26, new combination. Actilasioptera tumidifolium Gagné (in Gagné & Law 1999): 25. New junior synonym. Material examined of types of names under this taxon. Actilasioptera falcaria (Felt): lectotype, female, designated by Gagné & Law (1999), and three female and one male paralectotypes, from “ Avicennia officinalis L” [corrected to Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. var. intermedia (Griff.) Bakh.], Semarang, Java, Indonesia, 27-iv-1914, W. Docters van Leeuwen, Felt #a3089. The lectotype female, cleared and remounted by RJG in 1970, has the thorax and abdomen mounted laterally, the head frontally, and all body parts well-preserved except for missing wings. One female paralectotype, cleared and remounted by RJG in 1970, has the head mounted frontally, thorax and abdomen with ovipositor mounted laterally and all body parts-well preserved except for missing antennae and wings. The two remaining female paralectotypes are mounted laterally, whole and uncleared, both with the ovipositor retracted inside the abdomen and not visible, one missing both wings, the other with one damaged wing. The male lectotype is mounted laterally, whole and uncleared, with all antennal segments present but shrunken and both wings folded. Actilasioptera tumidifolium Gagné (in Gagné & Law 1999): holotype, male, from leaf gall on Avicennia marina, Sandgate, Queensland, Australia, 23-VIII-1996, L. Law, deposited in Australian National Collection, Canberra (ANIC). Description. The male, female, pupa and larva were described and illustrated in Gagné & Law (1999) as A. tumidifolium. Illustrated here in Fig. 2 e–j are male and female structures of Felt’s series of A. falcaria to validate our synonymy of the two names. See elsewhere in Gagné & Law (1999) for descriptions and key to all six known species of Actilasioptera and their galls. Remarks. In the light of the correction by DvL (1921) of the host’s name from Avicennia officinalis to Av. marina and the lack of apparent differences between adults of the two species, we consider A. falcaria and A. tumidifolium to be synonymous. Felt (1921b) did not describe the immature stages, and differences could possibly still be found to separate these two species, but there is no reason to consider them as distinct at this time. Part of Felt’s (1921b) original type series is a single paralectotype female that does not correspond to A. falcaria that causes the large leaf gall and is treated below as Actilasioptera sp. Biology. This species causes large irregular leaf galls on Avicennia marina (Acanthaceae). According to DvLR & DvL (1910a) the gall (No. 96, Figs 51a, b [Fig. 2a]) is a 1 cm large, irregular swelling situated on or very close to the leaf midrib, equally developed on both sides of the leaf, the upper side yellowish green and shiny, the underside grey and matte. The affected leaf blade is undeveloped, with ruffled edges. The gall contains several chambers, each with a single white larva. The host plant name was originally given as “ Avicennia officinalis L.” (DvLR & DvL 1910a; Felt 1921b), but DvL (1921) corrected it to Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. var. intermedia (Griff.) Bakh., reiterated the basic gall morphology, and provided a detailed illustration of the gall in his Fig. 2 [Fig. 2b]. Additional illustrations and description of the gall were given by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1283 Fig. 921 [Fig. 2c]), with the host plant name in agreement with the 1921 correction, A. marina var intermedia. Geographical distribution. This species is known from Indonesia (DvLR & DvL 1926; Felt 1921b) and Australia (Gagné & Law 1999) from the following localities: Semarang, Java, ix.1909, 29-iv-1914; Jrakah, near Semarang, Java, iii.1912, iii.1913; Untung Jawa island, near Jakarta, Java, iv.1919; Sebesi island, iv.1921; Sandgate, Queensland, 23-viii-1996; Donnybrook, Queensland, 16-iv-1994; Toorbul, Queensland, 20-iii-1994; Brighton, Queensland, 4-ix-1995; and Saunders Beach, Townsville, Queensland, 8-vii-1995. Avicennia marina occurs also along the coast and on islands of east Africa, south-west, south and south-east Asia, Australia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and north of New Zealand (Duke 1991), so Actilasioptera falcaria may have a wider distribution than currently known., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151.","Gagne, R. J. & Law, L. L. (1999) Actilasioptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new genus for Australian and Asian gall midges of grey mangroves, Avicennia spp. (Avicenniaceae). In: Csoka, G., Matson, W. J., Stone, G. N. & Price, P. W. (Eds.), The Biology of Gall-inducing Arthropods. Forest Service General Technical Report NC- 199. US Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 23 - 34.","Duke, N. C. (1991) A systematic revision of the mangrove genus Avicennia (Avicenniaceae) in Australasia. Australian Systematic Botany, 4 (2) 299 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / SB 9910299"]}

Asphondylia Loew in Indonesia Nine species of this genus are so far known from Indonesia. Two were initially well-described from Japan, but the types of four of the remaining species are in poor condition and those of the other three are lost. The taxonomy of this group depends equally on males, females, pupae and larvae, but three of the species here lack one or the other sex, two the pupa and six the larva. Nonetheless, the variety manifested by the few Asphondylia species known from Indonesia is intriguing, if only from what we can appreciate of the tarsal claws, whether thick or thin, some lobed, others anisomorphic within a species or sex. Interestingly, most of the known pupae share a triplet of lower frontal horns that form an equilateral triangle. We have refrained from making further comparisons among species because available specimens are not fully comparable., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856

Orseolia Kieffer & Massalongo in Indonesia This is a genus of 28 known species mainly of tropical Asia, but three from tropical Africa, one from the Mediterranean Region and one from Japan and Korea. One of the more important species is O. oryzae, a pest of rice in Indonesia and elsewhere. All form leaf sheath galls on grasses (Poaceae). One remarkable aspect of these galls is that they continue to lengthen after the larva turns into a pupa. DvLR & DvL (1926) attribute this to the continued absorption of water by the plant. Seven species are known from Indonesia and all were part of a generic revision by Gagné (1985). They are fairly large gall midges with a wing length of 2.3-4.5 mm, the R 5 vein bowed to join C beyond the wing apex [Fig. 31h]. Heads lack an occipital protuberance. The last flagellomere usually has a conical extension at its apex [Figs. 27f, 31j]. Male flagellomeres have two nodes, the proximal spherical, with one whorl of looped circumfila, the distal prolonged, slightly constricted at midlength, with two whorls of looped circumfila. Tarsal claws are simple, narrow, bent at distal third, and are as long as the empodia [Fig. 31g]. Female cerci are large, ovate and covered with setae among which is a pair of thick, blunt, apical setae [Fig. 31e]. Some of the best taxonomic characters in the genus are differences in male terminalia and pupal antennal horns. Larvae are known for only two species but they do have a spatula. We do not repeat below all details of descriptions from Gagné (1985) but present additional, new morphological drawings as well as illustrations of galls from DvLR and DvL (1926).

Schizomyia nodosa Felt [Figs 37 a–p] Schizomyia nodosa Felt, 1921b: 144. Material examined. Syntypes, male, two females, one pupa and three larvae were reared from Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench (as Moschosma polystachum [error for polystachyum] Benth). collected iv-1914 at Semarang, Java, Felt #a2099. The series is on three slides and uncleared. The male is entire, mounted laterally, with shrunken terminalia; the slide contains additionally a cecidomyiine male with tricircumfilar antennae, ignored by both Felt and us here. The females are missing some wings and tarsi, antennae are shrunken but appear entire, ovipositors are extended and visible. The pupa is partially damaged. Of the three larvae, one is entire with the terminal segment filled with debris, one consisting only of a head and a spatula, and one is parasitized with only the spatula observable. Description. Adult. Wing R 5 bowed at distal third, joining C at wing apex, R 1 shorter than wing half, R S rudimentary, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork. Palpus 4-segmented [Fig. 37m]. First tarsomere with small, straight ventro-apical lobe [Fig. 37j]. Tarsal claws simple, thin, bent at distal third, longer than empodia [Fig. 37i]. Male. Wing length 1.5 mm, width 0.6 mm. Flagellomeres 12, vaguely trinodal, circumfila strongly bowed [Fig. 37k], gonocoxite with triangular ventroapical lobe, bearing long setae at apex, gonostylus twice as long as wide, bent and blunt distally, uniformly setulose, tooth on gonostylus not properly visible on available specimen [Fig. 37h]. Female. Wing length 1.7 mm (1.7–1.8), width 0.6 mm. Flagellomeres 11 in both antennae of both available females, first and second fused, all with short necks, progressively shortened, with last flagellomere abruptly so, circumfila appressed to node [Figs 37n, p]. Ovipositor long, thin, flexible, with small dorsobasal lobe [Fig. 37l]; needle-like part about 6x longer than seventh sternite, bearing minute, medially appressed cerci visible, each with a single lateral seta [Fig. 37o]. Pupa. Length 1.8 mm. Antennal bases not produced, face without horns [Fig. 37e]; prothoracic spiracle long, about 10x longer than basal width, trachea ending at apex [Fig. 37f]; abdominal segments anterodorsally with large spiny spicules, otherwise mostly evenly covered with short spicules, on each side of terga a pair of closely set asetose papillae [Fig. 37g]. Larva. Length 2.1 mm. Spatula bilobed, lateral papillae comprising one pair of setose papillae and one triplet of two setose and one asetose papillae [Fig. 37c]; head with antennae 1.5x longer than wide at base, apodemes longer than head capsule [Fig. 37b]; cuticle of rounded verrucae throughout [Fig. 37d]. Remarks. The reduced number of flagellomeres to 11 in both females of S. nodosa is odd for this genus so might only be an aberration in this series. See under the heading of Schizomyia and under S. laporteae for characters that separate the three species of Schizomyia in Indonesia. Biology. This species causes a flower gall on musk basil, Basilicum polystachyon (Lamiaceae), described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1324, Fig. 947 [Fig. 37a]). The calyx and the corolla are inflated, spheroid, about 5 mm across and have a rough surface. Anthers are atrophied but the pistil is swollen, inside of which a larva lives in a small cavity. Often all the flowers of an inflorescence are infected. Geographical distribution. This species was found in Java (Felt 1921b; DvLR & DvL 1926) at the following localities. Kemantran, near Tegal, ix-1909; Semarang, vii-1910; iv-1914; Tirto, near Pekalongan, vi-1911; Kuripan, near Pekalongan, vii-1911; Jrakah, near Semarang, viii-1912; Sayung, near Semarang, xi-1912., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151."]}

Asphondylia vitea Felt [Figs 8 a–i] Asphondylia vitea Felt, 1918: 284. Material examined. Lectotype of Asphondylia vitea Felt here designated, male, reared from stem galls on Cissus trifolia (L.) K. Sch. [now Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (Vitaceae)], Manila, the Philippines, 1907, Bureau of Science accession No. 6650, W. Schultze, Felt #a2839; paralectotypes, one male, one female, same data as lectotype except Felt #a2840. All the specimens are whole-mounted, uncleared, with all characters preserved. Felt (1918) originally noted also that collections were made in 1905 by C.S. Banks and in 1910 by E.D. Merrill, but we have seen no specimens corresponding to those collection dates. Description. Male. Wing [Fig. 8h] 2.5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide. Flagellomeres cylindrical with short necks, progressively longer, 6 th segment 3.5x longer than wide, 12 th 5x longer than wide; circumfila comprising four wavy longitudinal bands, (likely) connected by loops at anterior and posterior end [Fig. 8g]. Palpus 3-segmented, second segment 3x longer than first, third 1.5x longer than second [Fig. 8d]. Apicoventral tarsal spur robust, curved slightly upwards [Fig. 8e]. Tarsal claws strong, curved at distal third [Fig. 8i], those of the foreleg similarly shaped but not so robust as those of the mid and hindleg. Terminalia [Fig. 8f]: gonocoxite robust, gonocoxal apodemes long, separated distally; gonostylus twice as long as wide in posterior view, with merged, equally large distal teeth; cerci ovoid; lobes of hypoproct triangular, divided by shallow, narrow incision; aedeagus long, narrow, rounded distally. Female. Ovipositor with moderately large dorsal pair of pseudocerci basally; needle-like protrusible part of ovipositor short, 1.6x as long as seventh sternite. Pupa, larva unknown. Remarks. Felt (1918) stated that no gall description was associated with the type material of this species from Manila, but Uichano (1919, Figs 4 & 6 in Tab. VIII [Figs 8a, b]) described and photographed the gall of this species collected at Laguna, Luzon between viii and ix-1917. DvLR & DvL (1926, No 891, Fig. 636 [Fig. 8c]) reported and illustrated a petiole and stem gall from Cayratia trifolia in Java which they deemed “probably identical” to the gall described by Uichano (1919) and attributed to Asphondylia vitea Felt. Despite there being no insects available from this Javanese collection, we are including A. vitea in the Indonesian fauna because the same kind of gall occurs on the same host there. In Indonesia, Asphondylia viticola also occurs on the same host, but its galls are lopsided [see Fig. 4c], unlike those of A. vitea that are symmetrically developed around petioles and stems [Figs 8 a–c]. Biology. DvLR & DvL (1926, No 891, Fig. 636 [Fig. 8c]) describe the gall on Cayratia trifolia as oval or almost cylindrical outgrowths of the stem which is distended in all directions. All the tissues of the stem take part in the gall-formation. The surface is green, glabrous or pubescent, the wall succulent. The galls are 10–50 mm long and about 7 mm across, with larger specimens containing more larval chambers than smaller ones. Geographical distribution. This species is known from the Philippines and Indonesia. In Indonesia it was found at Jrakah, near Semarang, Java, ii-1012 (DvLR & DvL 1926)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1918) New Philippine gall midges, with a key to the Itonididae. The Philippine Journal of Science, 13, 281 - 325, pl. I."]}

Lestodiplosis oomeni Harris [Figs 22 a–o] Lestodiplosis oomeni Harris, 1982: 20. Material. Holotype male, 5 paratypes males, 9 females and 10 larvae (deposited in BMNH ((E)251546–59), USNM (a19250–2) and RMNH) were collected and reared from on Calacarus carinatus (Green) (Acarina: Eriophyidae) feeding on Camellia sinensis (L.) in Indonesia (Harris 1982). We examined the USNM paratypes: Nos 19250 (male, collected 16-xii-1977), 19251 (female, 11-xi-1977) and 19252 (larva, 16-xii-1977). Those specimens were mounted in Hoyer’s medium. Although we could observe what we needed to see on these specimens, this impermanent medium is gradually crystallizing, and the specimens will eventually become unrecognizable. Description. Adult. Wing length (arculus to apex) 0.8 mm in male, 1.0 mm in female; R 5 nearly straight, reaching wing apex; M 4 absent; Cu 1 evident [Fig. 22b]. Head [Fig. 22a] with 11-14 frontoclypeal setae, axillary palpus 3-segmented, occipital protuberance short, eye bridge 4-5 facets long, facets sparse opposite antennal bases. Antennae with 12 flagellomeres. Male. Flagellomere with three separate whorls of looped circumfila [Figs 22d, e]. Terminalia [Fig. 22c]: gonocoxite narrow, mesobasal lobes low, rounded, setulose; gonostylus short, narrowest near midlength; aedeagus flared near midlength, prominently narrowed below globular tip; cerci ovoid; hypoproct bulging and conspicuously setulose on ventral half, broadly convex apically, with two apical setae. Female. Flagellomeres: circumfila consisting of two horizontal whorls of short-looped bands, longitudinally linked with two simple vertical bands [Figs 22f, g]. Terminalia: cerci broadly ovoid, setose along length with field of about 15 closely approximated short and thick distal setae [Fig. 22h]. Pupa unknown. Larva. Length 1–1.5 mm long. Head [Fig. 22i]: head capsule triangular, longer than wide, posterolateral apodemes nearly as long as capsule; antennae thin, tapered, curved forwards, longer than capsule width. Sternal spatula absent. Meso- and metathorax each with two pseudopods, abdominal segments 1–7 with three pseudopods, pseudopods with sparse setulae, greatly narrowed before tip [Figs 22j, k, m, o]. Papillae as in Figs 22 i–o, dorsal papillae with all six setae of same length. Terminal segment with 8 terminal papillae with long setae, a number of additional socketed setae and many setulae [Figs 22n, o]. Remarks. To differentiate males from its two known congeners from Indonesia, see under L. lacciferi above. Larvae of L. oomeni and L. syringopais were both described. In L. oomeni the head is acutely triangular with antennae that are longer than head width, all dorsal papillae bear setae of similar length, and the terminal segment has setae additional to those of the eight terminal papillae. In L. syringopais the head is acutely triangular with antennae shorter than head width, the outer pair of dorsal papillae have setae that are much longer than the two inner pairs, and the terminal segment has six papillae with or without setae [possibly broken off] and no additional vestiture [Fig. 23q]. Biology. Type specimens were collected and reared from a population preying on the purple tea mite Calacarus carinatus (Green) (Acarina: Eriophyidae) that was feeding on the tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) in Java (Harris 1982). Additionally, the larvae were observed preying on the pink tea mite Acaphylla theae (Watt) (Acarina: Eriophyidae) and the scarlet or false tea mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acarina, Tenuipalpidae) (Harris 1982). Geographical distribution. This species is currently known from Java: Gambung, near Bandung, 16 & 22.xii.1977; Pasir Nangka, Cianjur Regency, south-west of Bandung, 11.xi.1977; Tambakan, Tangkuban Perahu, north of Bandung, 18.vi.1977 (Harris 1982)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856

Asphondylia viticola Kieffer & Docters van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan [Figs 4 b–c] Asphondylia viticola Kieffer & DvLR, 1910: 124. Material. Syntypes, male, female and pupal specimens reared from stem and leaf stalk galls on Vitis trifolia L. [now Causonis trifolia (L.) Mabb. & J.Wen, previously also known as Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin] (Vitaceae) collected at Salatiga, Java, [before] x-1910 (Kieffer & DvLR 1910; DvLR & DvL 1909b). The types are presumed lost. Description (based on Kieffer & DvLR (1910), some insignificant characters omitted). Adult. Palpus 3-segmented, first and second segments as wide as long, third twice as long as first and second together. Flagellomeres cylindrical; in male about 5x longer than wide, with looped circumfila typical for Asphondylia; in female progressively shorter, first flagellomere about 6x longer than wide, tenth 2.5x, eleventh 1.5x, twelfth round. Pupa. Antennal and frontal horns exceptionally strong, antennal horns long and pointed, one anterior frontal horn, two closely placed upper posterior horns and one lower posterior horn. Cephalic papillae with setae half the length of antennal horns. Prothoracic spiracles slightly shorter than posterior horns, thin, curved. Larva unknown. Remarks. The types are presumed lost (Gagné & Jaschhof 2017) so any distinction between this species and A. vitea, both gallformers on the same host, cannot be ascertained. DvLR & DvL (1941) found a similar stem gall on Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf. in Java at Cipanas, near Cisolok, alt. 50 m, xi-1927. Biology. Galls were described by Kieffer & DvLR (1910), DvLR & DvL (1909b, Fig. 48 [Fig. 4b], young gall] and DvLR & DvL (1926, Fig. 637 [Fig. 4c], mature gall). Asphondylia viticola causes galls on stems and sometimes on leaf stalks of Causonis trifolia. Galls are brown, lopsidedly developed, 10–50 mm long and 6–12 mm wide, the infested part of the stem is often curved, inside are one to several larval chambers. The gall is succulent and covered with a red-brown corky layer. Adults emerged at the end of October at Salatiga, Java [before 1910]. Geographical distribution. Asphondylia viticola was found in Java: Salatiga (in October of an unrevealed year as stated in 1910 publication), Sumber Pitu, near Weleri; Sukamangli, near Weleri, alt. 500 m, ii-1909; Madura island, v-1910; Kuripan, near Pekalongan, vii-1911, Semarang, i-1912; Jrakah, near Semarang, iii-1913; Pegangsaan, Jakarta; v-1915; Depok, x-1918 (Kieffer & DvLR 1910, DvLR & DvL 1909b, 1926)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 4 th Edition. Digital. U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Available from: https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUser- Files / 80420580 / Gagne _ 2014 _ World _ Cecidomyiidae _ Catalog _ 3 rd _ Edition. pdf (accessed 23 December 2019)"]}

“Stefaniella” orientalis Felt [Figs 43 a–e] Stefaniella orientalis Felt, 1921b: 142; Gagné 1973: 491, unplaced to genus. Material examined. Holotype male, reared from a petiole gall on Lepidagathis javanica Blume at Mt Ungaran, Java, altitude 1200 m. 18-iv-1912, Felt #a3098. The type is mounted uncleared with all body parts present but folded or shriveled. Description. Male. Wing 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; R 5 2/3 wing length, C interrupted at juncture with R 5. Flagellomeres 16 on both antennae, first and second fused, trapezoid, necks minute [Fig. 43e]. palpus 2-segmented, first segment 1.5x longer than wide, third 3x longer than wide [Fig. 43d]. Tarsal claws thin, bent at midlength with long, thin tooth, empodia slightly shorter than claws [Fig. 43c]. Terminalia: gonostylus bulbous basally, tapered distally, setulose at basal third and narrow, carinate beyond; cerci triangular; hypoproct bilobed, setulose with few setae apically; mesobasal lobes closely sheathing aedeagus, covered with dense setulae, three setose papillae on each lobe apically; aedeagus triangular in lateral view, without sensoria [Fig. 43b]. Female, pupa, larva unknown. Remarks. Felt (1921b) tentatively placed the male in Stefaniella, a genus of Palearctic Lasiopterini of 10 species that feed on Chenopodiaceae (Gagné & Jaschhof 2017). The male does belong to Lasiopterini but one needs females to assign species to genera. Biology. This species causes a petiole gall on Lepidagathis javanica (Acanthaceae) described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 1377, Fig. 976 [Fig. 43a]). It is an aggregate, uneven swelling about 10 mm long and 6 mm across. Inside each gall is a small, longitudinal. Hard-walled larval chamber. Geographical distribution. This species is currently known only from Mt Ungaran, Java where it was found at alt. 1000 m, ix-1910 and 1200 m, 18-iv-1912 (DvLR & DvL 1926; Felt 1921b). Addendum, Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151.","Gagne, R. J. (1973) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Delfinado, M. D. & Hardy, D. E. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. I. Order Nematocera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, pp. 480 - 517.","Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 4 th Edition. Digital. U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Available from: https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUser- Files / 80420580 / Gagne _ 2014 _ World _ Cecidomyiidae _ Catalog _ 3 rd _ Edition. pdf (accessed 23 December 2019)"]}

Leefmansiella Kolesik & Gagné. New Genus [Figs 20 a–s] Type species: Trishormomyia pandani Felt, by present designation. Description. Body robust [Fig. 20p]. Head without occipital protuberance, frons with setae. Flagellomeres 12, first and second not fused, binodal in both sexes, bearing one whorl of looped circumfila on basal and two whorls on distal node, loops longer in male than in female on which the two circumfila on distal node connected by single vertical band [Figs 20m, o, q, s]. Palpus 3-segmented [Fig. 20l]. Wing: R 5 joining C posteriad of wing apex; C weakened but not interrupted at juncture with R 5; R 1 slightly shorter than half wing length; Rs as stub on R 5, closer to arculus than end of R 1; M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork [Fig. 20k]. Tarsal claws simple, bent apically, empodia slightly shorter than claws [Fig. 20j]. Tergites with posterior and lateral setae, without scales. Male terminalia [Fig. 20n]: gonocoxite cylindrical, without mesobasal lobes, densely covered with setae; gonocoxal apodomes merged basally; gonostylus with many long setae and setulose basally, with short setae and carinate distally; cerci triangular, very short; lobes of hypoproct broad, incised apically, with rounded lobes, no longer than cerci,; aedeagus broad, columnar, nearly as long as gonocoxite, blunt apically with many peg-like setae. Ovipositor short; cerci broad, rounded apically, covered with dense, simple setae and microtrichia; hypoproct wide, short, setulose, covered with sparse setae [Fig. 20r]. Terminal segment of larva with pair of large lateral lobes [Figs 20 g–i]. Etymology. This genus is named after the discoverer of the type species, Dutch entomologist Salomon Leefmans (1884–1954). Remarks. The new genus belongs to the supertribe Cecidomyiidi. The adults fit the tribe Cecidomyiini, but the larval terminus is highly modified into a bilobed structure and different from most Cecidomyiini which have one pair of corniform papillae and three pairs with short setae. The type species was tentatively accommodated by Felt (1921c) in Trishormomyia Kieffer, now a synonym of Planetella Westwood. That genus contains over 50 Holarctic species, with no apparent morphological connection with Leefmansiella (see Gagné 2018). All known hosts of Planetella belong to Cyperaceae (Gagné & Jaschhof 2017)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 c) A new Javanese gall midge (Trishormomyia pandani n. sp.). Treubia, 1, 270 - 271.","Gagne, R. J. (2018) Key to Adults of North American Genera of the Subfamily Cecidomyiinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Zootaxa, 4392 (3), 401 - 457. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4392.3.1","Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 4 th Edition. Digital. U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Available from: https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUser- Files / 80420580 / Gagne _ 2014 _ World _ Cecidomyiidae _ Catalog _ 3 rd _ Edition. pdf (accessed 23 December 2019)"]}

Psephodiplosis rubi Kolesik [Figs 35 a–j] Psephodiplosis rubi Kolesik, 2017, in Kolesik et al. (2017: 2). Material. Holotype, male (deposited in South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAMA) 29–004698), reared from leaf galls on Rubus nebulosus A.R.Bean collected in Border Range National Park, New South Wales, Australia, 18- ix-2014 & 26-iii-2013. Other material: males, females and pupae (same data as holotype); males, females, larvae, SAMA) reared from similar galls on Rubus moorei F.Muell. collected at Springbrook, Queensland, 28-ii & 8-xi- 2007 and Lamington National Park, Queensland, 18.iv.2013. The presence of this species in Indonesia is speculated based on the occurrence of similar galls on the related Rubus moluccanus L. recorded by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 495, Fig. 346 [Fig. 35a]) (Kolesik et al. 2017). Rubus moluccanus occurs in South East Asia but also in Australia where its distribution range overlaps with those of R. nebulosus and R. moorei, the other hosts (Atlas of Living Australia 2019. Description. Adult (from Kolesik et al. 2017). Occipital protuberance absent. Palpus 1-segmented. Wing with R 5 curved to join C beyond wing apex, C with break at juncture with R 5, R apparent. Tarsal claws toothed, strongly bent at basal third; empodia reaching bend in claws [Fig. 35i]. Male. Flagellomeres binodal, with 1 circumfilum on basal node, 2 on distal [Fig. 35g]. Terminalia [Fig. 35j]: gonocoxite with small mesobasal lobe, apodemes separated at base; gonostylus setulose basally, carinate beyond, with comb-like tooth; aedeagus short, no longer than hypoproct, robust, with numerous asetose papillae; cerci widely separated, ovoid; hypoproct bilobed, with many setae. Female. Flagellomeres cylindrical, circumfila bowed, with numerous connections along vertical strands [Fig. 35h]. Cerci ovoid, with long and short setae basally, blunt, thickened setae at midlength and much shorter, pointed setae apically [Fig. 35f]; hypoproct hemispherical, with several setae [Fig. 35f]. Pupa. Vertex with pair of short setae cervical papillae. Antennae greatly produced anteriorly, mesal edge unevenly serrate, with field of asetose papillae mesobasally [Fig. 35e]. Larva. Spatular tooth triangular, shaft undeveloped [Fig. 35d]. Terminal segment with 6 short-setose papillae. Biology. This species causes hairy spherical galls on Rubus nebulosus (Rosaceae) [Fig. 35c], R. moorei [Fig. 35b], R. moluccanus and R. alceifolius (Kolesik et al. 2017). Their appearance on R. moluccanus is as follows (DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 495, Fig. 346 [Fig. 35a]). Galls are produced on the leaf underside, are spheroid, 2–6 mm across and covered with a thick yellow-brown or gray hair. Their presence on the upperside of the leaf is marked only by the same brown hairs. On R. alceifolius galls appear not only on leaves but on leaf stalks (Kolesik et al. (2017). Geographical distribution. This species is known from Australia on R. nebulosus and R. moorei; its presence in Indonesia (on R. moluccanus) and Thailand (on R. alceifolius Poir., is based on evidence of galls similar to those found in Australia (Kolesik et al. 2017). In Indonesia it was found in Java and Sumba by DvLR & DvL (1926) at the following localities. Java: Mt Ungaran, alt. 800 m, xii-1909; alt. 1000 m, xi-1919; Depok, alt. 100 m, viii-1918; Mt Tugu, near Cibeber, alt. 1000 m, vi-1923; Mt Panisian, near Bogor, alt. 700 m, xii-1923; Mt Salak, alt. 1000 m, ii-1925. Sumba: Kananggar, alt. 700 m, v-1925., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Kolesik, P., Rice, A., Thistleton, B., Tenakanai, D., Quintao, V., Medina, C. D. R., Thien, M. M., Heng, C. H., Halling, L. A. & Bellis, G. A. (2017) Mango gall midges on Australia's doorstep. Proceedings of the Xth International Mango Symposium, Darwin, 28 September - 2 October 2015. Acta Horticulturae, 1183, 279 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.2009.00721. x"]}

Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang [Figs 34 a–j] Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang, 2003: 148; Cai et al. 2014, as junior synonym of P. matteiana but unsubstantiated. Material. Type male, 16 paratype males and 23 paratype females were reared from bell-shaped leaf galls on Mangifera indica L. in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, 12- 16-ix-2001 (deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China). Cai et al. (2013) mounted specimens (deposited in the South Australian Museum, Adelaide) reared at the type locality 1.vii.2010 (6 larvae, 6 pupae, 6 males, 4 females) and in Oecusse district, East Timor 27.x.2004. We examined specimens by Cai et al. (2013). The presence of P. robusta in Indonesia is based on gall records by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 802) and by observation of one of us (PK). Description (based on Li et al. (2003) and Cai et al. (2013)). Adult. Wing: length 1.4–1.5 in male, 1.7–1.9 in female, R 5 straight, joining C at wing apex, R S fading towards R 1, slightly closer to arculus than end of R 1, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork, wing fold visible [Fig. 34c]. Head: occipital protuberance present, short; palpus mostly 3-, sometimes 4-segmented; antennae with 12 flagellomeres. Tarsal claws toothed, curved at basal third, about as long as empodia [Fig. 34g]. Male. Flagellomeres binodal, first and second not fused, internode very short, setose, neck shorter than nodes, asetose; each node with whorl of looped circumfila, equal in length, proximal loops reaching midlength of distal node, distal loops reaching end of neck [Fig. 34e]. Terminalia [Figs 34i, j]: gonocoxite robust, without mesobasal lobe; gonostylus evenly tapered from wide base to very narrow apex, tooth small; cerci nearly fused mesally; hypoproct longer than cerci, shallowly incised, lobes with 2–3 distal setae; aedeagus long, wide, slightly tapered, a small notch apically, with several asetose papillae along length. Female. Antennal flagellomeres with cylindrical nodes, necks 1/5 node length, circumfila of two vertical and two horizontal, slightly arched bands [Fig. 34f]. Terminalia short; cerci stout, short, fused, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; hypoproct rounded in ventral view, with pair of setae [Fig. 34h]. Pupa. Length 1.4–1.8 mm. Antennal horns large, triangular, serrated along outer edge; prothoracic spiracle short, as long as wide, papillae on vertex without setae. Larva. Yellowish white. Head capsule conical ventrally, hemispherical dorsally, posterolateral apodemes as long as head capsule. Sternal spatula long, narrow, anterior part slightly wider than shaft, trilobed, central lobe substantially larger than side lobes [Fig. 34d]. Terminal segment with anus terminal, no papillae visible. Remarks. See morphological comparison under P. matteiana. DNA. Three COI sequences are available from the type locality in Xiamen, China (GenBank accession JX110976 –8) and one from Oecusee, East Timor (JX 110979) (Cai et al. 2013). Biology. This species causes a conical leaf gall on Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 802, Fig. 578 [Fig. 34a]), Li et al. (2003) and Cai et al. (2013). The gall is cylindrical to obtusely conical, glabrous, reddish brown, 1 mm in diameter at the base and 1–2 mm in height. It occurs on the leaf upper side with the necrotic leaf epidermis creating a brown wreath around the gall base. Following pupation, the gall is left with a circular hole at its top, sometimes with the pupal skin still attached to the rim of the hole. See detailed biology in Li et al. (2003) and Cai et al. (2013). Geographical distribution. This species occurs in China, India, Indonesia and East Timor (Cai et al. 2013). In Indonesia the galls have been found in Java, Sumatra, Sebesi Island and Bali but the species is likely to occur through the whole Indonesian archipelago. Java: Salatiga, iii-1909; Semarang, viii-1912; Jakarta, v-1917; Cikampek, vi.1924; Mt Raté, Way Lima, Lampung; Sumatra, xi.1921; Sebesi Island, i.1922; (all by DvLR & DvL 1926); Ubud, Bali, 10-vi-2013 (Peter Kolesik, new record, [Fig. 34b])., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Li, J., Bu, W. & Zhang, Q. (2003) A new species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) attacking mango leaves from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 28, 148 - 151.","Cai, H., Wang, H., Liao, F., Luo, Y. & Gao, Z. (2014) Evidences of Procontarinia robusta synonyms on morphological structure and the mitochondrial CO 1 gene. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 35, 1559 - 1564.","Cai, H. - J., Kolesik, P., Wang, H. - Y., Liao, F. - R., Quintao, V., Harris, K. M. & Bellis, G. A. (2013) Description of the immature stages and gall morphology, and molecular characterization of Procontarinia robusta, a gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging leaves of mango Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) in southern Asia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 52, 212 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12027"]}

Asphondylia litseae Felt [Fig. 6n] Asphondylia litseae Felt, 1921b: 149. Type series. Syntypes, female and 2 pupae, reared from stem galls on Litsea sp. (Lauraceae) collected in Ungaran Mts, Java, alt. 1400 m, 21-iv-1914, Felt #a3096). This series could not be found in the Felt slide collection. Description based on Felt (1921b), some superficial characters omitted. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Flagellomeres 12 in number, fifth 2.5x longer than wide, terminal reduced, globose. Circumfila coarse, bowed, resembling Schizomyia. Palpus 2-segmented, first segment subquadrate, second broadly oval, acute apically. Tarsal claws stout, strongly curved, simple; empodia about 2/3 claw length. Pseudocerci at base of eversible part of ovipositor rudimentary. Pupa (based on Felt (1921b)). Length 2.5 mm. Antennal horns unusually long, narrowly triangular [Fig. 6n (from Felt 1921b, Fig. 5)]. Prothoracic spiracle slender, strongly curved. Male, larva unknown. Remarks. Felt (1921b) only tentatively placed this species in Asphondylia and wrote that it might belong to Schizomyia due to the heavy [dense] and relatively high circumfila and the absence of well-developed lobes at the base of the ovipositor. Only further collecting can solve this problem. Biology. This species was reared from a stem gall on Litsea sp. (Lauraceae) 21-iv-1914 by DvL (1921). He stated that the gall specimen became lost before it could be illustrated and described it only as a swelling at the top of the stem with several larval chambers. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type locality in Ungaran Mts, Java, where it was collected at 1400 m altitude, 21-iv-1914 (Felt 1921b; DvL 1921)., Published as part of Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 4847 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4406856, {"references":["Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151."]}