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2. Foundations for a national assessment of soil biodiversity

Author

Guerra, C.A., Eisenhauer, N., Tebbe, C.C., Xylander, W.E.R., Albert, C., Babin, D., Bartkowski, Bartosz, Burkhard, B., Filser, J., Haase, Dagmar, Hohberg, K., Kleemann, J., Kolb, S., Lachmann, C., Rillig, M.C., Römbke, J., Ruess, L., Scheu, S., Scheunemann, N., Steinhoff-Knopp, B., Wellbrock, N., Ristok, C., Guerra, C.A., Eisenhauer, N., Tebbe, C.C., Xylander, W.E.R., Albert, C., Babin, D., Bartkowski, Bartosz, Burkhard, B., Filser, J., Haase, Dagmar, Hohberg, K., Kleemann, J., Kolb, S., Lachmann, C., Rillig, M.C., Römbke, J., Ruess, L., Scheu, S., Scheunemann, N., Steinhoff-Knopp, B., Wellbrock, N., and Ristok, C.

Abstract

Soils, just like all other ecosystem compartments, change over time and, consequently, conditions for soil-inhabiting organisms are also changing, affecting their composition and diversity. Soil biodiversity is a critical component of ecosystems that supports many essential ecosystem functions and services, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, water regulation and biomass production for food, fodder, fibre and energy. However, and despite the importance of soil biodiversity for ecosystem health and human well-being, neither current state, drivers, potential consequences for ecosystem services nor options for sustainable governance of soil biodiversity are well understood. Here, we provide a framework for and argue that conducting a national assessment of soil biodiversity, albeit being a complex endeavour, is fundamental to building a baseline to understand the current state and trends of soil biodiversity, but also to identify the main drivers of change, the impacts of soil biodiversity loss and the potential pathways for conservation and sustainable governance of soil biodiversity.

Published
2024

3. A conservative orbital advection scheme for simulations of magnetized shear flows with the PLUTO code

Author

Mignone, A., Flock, M., Stute, M., Kolb, S. M., and Muscianisi, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Explicit numerical computations of super-fast differentially rotating disks are subject to the time-step constraint imposed by the Courant condition. When the bulk orbital velocity largely exceeds any other wave speed the time step is considerably reduced and a large number of steps may be necessary to complete the computation. We present a robust numerical scheme to overcome the Courant limitation by extending the algorithm previously known as FARGO (Fast Advection in Rotating Gaseous Objects) to the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The proposed scheme conserves total angular momentum and energy to machine precision and works in Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates. The algorithm is implemented in the PLUTO code for astrophysical gasdynamics and is suitable for local or global simulations of accretion or proto-planetary disk models. By decomposing the total velocity into an average azimuthal contribution and a residual term, the algorithm solves the MHD equations through a linear transport step in the orbital direction and a standard nonlinear solver applied to the MHD equations written in terms of the residual velocity. Since the former step is not subject to any stability restriction, the Courant condition is computed only in terms of the residual velocity, leading to substantially larger time steps. The magnetic field is advanced in time using the constrained transport method in order to preserve the divergence-free condition. Conservation of total energy and angular momentum is enforced at the discrete level by properly expressing the source terms in terms of upwind fluxes available during the standard solver. Our results show that applications of the proposed orbital-advection scheme to problems of astrophysical relevance provides, at reduced numerical cost, equally accurate and less dissipative results than standard time-marching schemes., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2012
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4. Homogeneous right coideal subalgebras of quantized enveloping algebras

Author

Heckenberger, I. and Kolb, S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 17B370, 81R50
Abstract

For a quantized enveloping algebra of a complex semisimple Lie algebra with deformation parameter not a root of unity, we classify all homogeneous right coideal subalgebras. Any such right coideal subalgebra is determined uniquely by a triple consisting of two elements of the Weyl group and a subset of the set of simple roots satisfying some natural conditions. The essential ingredients of the proof are the Lusztig automorphisms and the classification of homogeneous right coideal subalgebras of the Borel Hopf subalgebras of quantized enveloping algebras obtained previously by H.-J. Schneider and the first named author. Key words: Quantum groups, coideal subalgebras, Weyl group, weak order, Comment: 13 pages

Published
2011
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5. Right coideal subalgebras of the Borel part of a quantized enveloping algebra

Author

Heckenberger, I. and Kolb, S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 17B37
Abstract

For the Borel part of a quantized enveloping algebra we classify all right coideal subalgebras for which the intersection with the coradical is a Hopf algebra. The result is expressed in terms of characters of the subalgebras $U^+[w]$ of the quantized enveloping algebra, introduced by de Concini, Kac, and Procesi for any Weyl group element $w$. We explicitly determine all characters of $U^+[w]$ building on recent work by Yakimov on prime ideals of $U^+[w]$ which are invariant under a torus action. Key words: Quantum groups, coideal subalgebras, Comment: 21 pages

Published
2009

6. Differential forms via the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution for quantized irreducible flag manifolds

Author

Heckenberger, I. and Kolb, S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 17B37, 58B32
Abstract

The quantum group version of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution is used to construct a double complex of U_q(g)-modules with exact rows and columns. The locally finite dual of its total complex is identified with the de Rham complex for quantized irreducible flag manifolds., Comment: LaTeX2e, 44 pages

Published
2006
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7. On the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution for Kac-Moody algebras and quantized enveloping algebras

Author

Heckenberger, I. and Kolb, S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 17B67, 17B37
Abstract

A Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution for arbitrary Kac-Moody algebras and arbitrary subsets of the set of simple roots is proven. Moreover, quantum group analogs of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution for symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras are established. For quantized enveloping algebras with fixed complex nonzero deformation parameter q exactness is proven for all q which are not a root of unity., Comment: 12 pages

Published
2006

8. The center of quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebras

Author

Kolb, S. and Letzter, G.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, Mathematics - Representation Theory, 17B37
Abstract

The theory of quantum symmetric pairs as developed by the second author is based on coideal subalgebras of the quantized universal enveloping algebra for a semisimple Lie algebra. This paper investigates the center of these coideal subalgebras, proving that the center is a polynomial ring. A basis of the center is given in terms of a submonoid of the dominant integral weights., Comment: LaTeX2e, 45 pages

Published
2006

9. De Rham Complex for Quantized Irreducible Flag Manifolds

Author

Heckenberger, I. and Kolb, S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 58B32, 81R50
Abstract

It is shown that quantized irreducible flag manifolds possess a canonical $q$-analogue of the de Rham complex. Generalizing the well known situation for the standard Podle\'s' quantum sphere this analogue is obtained as the universal differential calculus of a distinguished first order differential calculus. The corresponding differential $\dif$ can be written as a sum of differentials $\del$ and $\delbar$. The universal differential calculus corresponding to the first order differential calculi $\dif$, $\del$, and $\delbar$ are given in terms of generators and relations. Relations to well known quantized exterior algebras are established. The dimensions of the homogeneous components are shown to be the same as in the classical case. The existence of a volume form is proven., Comment: LaTeX2e, 41 pages

Published
2003

10. The Locally Finite Part of the Dual Coalgebra of Quantized Irreducible Flag Manifolds

Author

Heckenberger, I. and Kolb, S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 58B32, 81R50
Abstract

The notion of locally finite part of the dual coalgebra of certain quantized coordinate rings is introduced. In the case of irreducible flag manifolds this locally finite part is shown to coincide with a natural quotient coalgebra V of U_q(g). On the way the coradical filtration of V is determined. A graded version of the duality between V and the quantized coordinate ring is established. This leads to a natural construction of several examples of quantized vector spaces. As an application covariant first order differential calculi on quantized irreducible flag manifolds are classified. Keywords: quantum groups, quantized flag manifolds, Comment: LaTeX2e, 34 pages

Published
2003

11. Podle\'s' Quantum Sphere: Dual Coalgebra and Classification of Covariant First Order Differential Calculus

Author

Heckenberger, I. and Kolb, S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 58B32, 81R50
Abstract

The dual coalgebra of Podle\'s' quantum sphere O_q(S^2_c) is determined explicitly. This result is used to classify all finite dimensional covariant first order differential calculi over O_q(S^2_c) for all but exceptional values of the parameter c., Comment: LaTeX2e, 19 pages

Published
2002

12. Differential Calculus on Quantum Complex Grassmann Manifolds II: Classification

Author

Heckenberger, I. and Kolb, S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, 58B32, 81R50, 14M15
Abstract

For differential calculi over certain right coideal subalgebras of quantum groups the notion of quantum tangent space is introduced. In generalization of a result by Woronowicz a one to one correspondence between quantum tangent spaces and covariant first order differential calculi is established. This result is used to classify differential calculi over quantum Grassmann manifolds. It turns out that up to special cases in low dimensions there exists exactly one such calculus of classical dimension 2r(N-r). Keywords: Quantum groups, quantum spaces, quantum Grassmann manifolds, differential calculus, Comment: LaTeX2e, 19 pages

Published
2001

13. Latest Results from the Heidelberg-Moscow Double Beta Decay Experiment

Author

Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, H. V., Dietz, A., Baudis, L., Heusser, G., Krivosheina, I. V., Kolb, S., Majorovits, B., Paes, H., Strecker, H., Alexeev, V., Balysh, A., Bakalyarov, A., Belyaev, S. T., Lebedev, V. I., and Zhukov, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

New results for the double beta decay of 76Ge are presented. They are extracted from Data obtained with the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW, which operates five enriched 76Ge detectors in an extreme low-level environment in the GRAN SASSO. The two neutrino accompanied double beta decay is evaluated for the first time for all five detectors with a statistical significance of 47.7 kg y resulting in a half life of (T_(1/2))^(2nu) = [1.55 +- 0.01 (stat) (+0.19) (-0.15) (syst)] x 10^(21) years. The lower limit on the half-life of the 0nu beta-beta decay obtained with pulse shape analysis is (T_(1/2))^(0_nu) > 1.9 x 10^(25) [3.1 x 10^(25)] years with 90% C.L. (68% C.L.) (with 35.5 kg y). This results in an upper limit of the effective Majorana neutrino mass of 0.35 eV (0.27 eV). No evidence for a Majoron emitting decay mode or for the neutrinoless mode is observed., Comment: 14 pages, revtex, 6 figures, Talk was presented at third International Conference ' Dark Matter in Astro and Particle Physics' - DARK2000, to be publ. in Proc. of DARK2000, Springer (2000). Please look into our HEIDELBERG Non-Accelerator Particle Physics group home page: http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/non_acc/

Published
2001
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14. Genome-wide meta-analyses of smoking behaviors in African Americans.

Author

David, SP, Hamidovic, A, Chen, GK, Bergen, AW, Wessel, J, Kasberger, JL, Brown, WM, Petruzella, S, Thacker, EL, Kim, Y, Nalls, MA, Tranah, GJ, Sung, YJ, Ambrosone, CB, Arnett, D, Bandera, EV, Becker, DM, Becker, L, Berndt, SI, Bernstein, L, Blot, WJ, Broeckel, U, Buxbaum, SG, Caporaso, N, Casey, G, Chanock, SJ, Deming, SL, Diver, WR, Eaton, CB, Evans, DS, Evans, MK, Fornage, M, Franceschini, N, Harris, TB, Henderson, BE, Hernandez, DG, Hitsman, B, Hu, JJ, Hunt, SC, Ingles, SA, John, EM, Kittles, R, Kolb, S, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Liu, Y, Lohman, KK, McKnight, B, Millikan, RC, Murphy, A, Neslund-Dudas, C, Nyante, S, Press, M, Psaty, BM, Rao, DC, Redline, S, Rodriguez-Gil, JL, Rybicki, BA, Signorello, LB, Singleton, AB, Smoller, J, Snively, B, Spring, B, Stanford, JL, Strom, SS, Swan, GE, Taylor, KD, Thun, MJ, Wilson, AF, Witte, JS, Yamamura, Y, Yanek, LR, Yu, K, Zheng, W, Ziegler, RG, Zonderman, AB, Jorgenson, E, Haiman, CA, and Furberg, H

Subjects
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Proteoglycans, Receptors, Nicotinic, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Smoking, Genotype, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, African Americans, Female, Male, Statistics as Topic, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci, African American, genome-wide association, health disparities, nicotine, smoking, tobacco, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10, Pair 15, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Nicotinic, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

The identification and exploration of genetic loci that influence smoking behaviors have been conducted primarily in populations of the European ancestry. Here we report results of the first genome-wide association study meta-analysis of smoking behavior in African Americans in the Study of Tobacco in Minority Populations Genetics Consortium (n = 32,389). We identified one non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs2036527[A]) on chromosome 15q25.1 associated with smoking quantity (cigarettes per day), which exceeded genome-wide significance (β = 0.040, s.e. = 0.007, P = 1.84 × 10(-8)). This variant is present in the 5'-distal enhancer region of the CHRNA5 gene and defines the primary index signal reported in studies of the European ancestry. No other SNP reached genome-wide significance for smoking initiation (SI, ever vs never smoking), age of SI, or smoking cessation (SC, former vs current smoking). Informative associations that approached genome-wide significance included three modestly correlated variants, at 15q25.1 within PSMA4, CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 for smoking quantity, which are associated with a second signal previously reported in studies in European ancestry populations, and a signal represented by three SNPs in the SPOCK2 gene on chr10q22.1. The association at 15q25.1 confirms this region as an important susceptibility locus for smoking quantity in men and women of African ancestry. Larger studies will be needed to validate the suggestive loci that did not reach genome-wide significance and further elucidate the contribution of genetic variation to disparities in cigarette consumption, SC and smoking-attributable disease between African Americans and European Americans.

Published
2012

15. New limits on dark--matter WIMPs from the Heidelberg--Moscow experiment

Author

Baudis, L., Hellmig, J., Heusser, G., Klapdor--Kleingrothaus, H. V., Kolb, S., Majorovits, B., Päs, H., Ramachers, Y., Strecker, H., Alexeev, V., Bakalyarov, A., Balysh, A., Belyaev, S. T., Lebedev, V. I., and Zhukov, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

New results after 0.69 kg yr of measurement with an enriched 76Ge detector of the Heidelberg--Moscow experiment with an active mass of 2.758 kg are presented. An energy threshold of 9 keV and a background level of 0.042 counts/(kg d keV) in the energy region between 15 keV and 40 keV was reached.The derived limits on the WIMP--nucleon cross section are the most stringent limits on spin--independent interactions obtained to date by using essentially raw data without background subtraction., Comment: 8 pages (latex) including 5 postscript figures and 2 tables. To appear in Phys. Rev. D, 15. December 1998

Published
1998
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16. Germline variants in IL4, MGMT and AKT1 are associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality: An analysis of 12,082 prostate cancer cases

Author

FitzGerald, L. M., Zhao, S., Leonardson, A., Geybels, M. S., Kolb, S., Lin, D. W., Wright, J. L., Eeles, R., Kote-Jarai, Z., Govindasami, K., Giles, G. G., Southey, M. C., Schleutker, J., Tammela, T. L., Sipeky, C., Penney, K. L., Stampfer, M. J., Gronberg, H., Wiklund, F., Stattin, P., Hugosson, J., Karyadi, D. M., Ostrander, E. A., Feng, Z., and Stanford, J. L.

Published
2018
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17. Biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services and organic viticulture: A glass half-full

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Austrian Science Fund, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Beaumelle, L., Giffard, B., Tolle, P., Winter, S., Entling, M.H., Benítez León, Emilio, Zaller, J.G., Auriol, A., Bonnard, O., Charbonnier, Y., Fabreguettes, O., Joubard, B., Kolb, S., Ostandie, N., Reiff, J.M., Richart-Cervera, S., Rusch, A., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Austrian Science Fund, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Beaumelle, L., Giffard, B., Tolle, P., Winter, S., Entling, M.H., Benítez León, Emilio, Zaller, J.G., Auriol, A., Bonnard, O., Charbonnier, Y., Fabreguettes, O., Joubard, B., Kolb, S., Ostandie, N., Reiff, J.M., Richart-Cervera, S., and Rusch, A.

Abstract

Organic farming is a promising but still debated option to ensure sustainable agriculture. However, whether organic farming fosters synergies or mitigates tradeoffs between biodiversity, ecosystem services and crop production has rarely been quantified. Here, we investigate relationships between multitrophic diversity (14 taxa above and belowground), yield, natural pest control and soil quality (14 proxies of ecosystem services) in organic and conventional vineyards along a landscape gradient. Organic farming enhanced biodiversity and pest control, but decreased wine production. Compared to conventional systems, multitrophic diversity was 15 % higher, and pest control services were 9 % higher in organic systems, while wine production was 11 % lower. Regardless of management type, we found a strong tradeoff between wine production and pest control, but not between wine production and biodiversity. The landscape context was not a strong moderator of organic farming effects across taxa groups and ecosystem services, but affected specific taxa and ecosystem services, especially natural pest control. Our study reveals that wine production and biodiversity conservation do not necessarily exclude each other, which implies the existence of a safe operating space where biodiversity and wine production can be combined. We conclude that organic farming can contribute to improve the sustainability of viticulture, but needs to be complemented by management options at the local and landscape scales in order to fully balance biodiversity conservation with the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem services.

Published
2023

18. Local management and landscape composition affect predatory mites in European wine-growing regions

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Austrian Science Fund, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, National Science Foundation (US), Möth, S., Richart-Cervera, S., Comsa, María, Alcalá Herrera, Rafael, Hoffmann, C., Kolb, S., Popescu, D., Reiff, J.M., Rusch, A., Tolle, P., Walzer, A., Winter, S., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Austrian Science Fund, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, National Science Foundation (US), Möth, S., Richart-Cervera, S., Comsa, María, Alcalá Herrera, Rafael, Hoffmann, C., Kolb, S., Popescu, D., Reiff, J.M., Rusch, A., Tolle, P., Walzer, A., and Winter, S.

Abstract

Sustainable land use in agricultural landscapes is essential to counteract the global decline of biodiversity, as well to ensure ecosystem services like natural pest control. Phytoseiid mites are key natural enemies of pest mites in vineyards but how local management and landscape context affect phytoseiid mites remains poorly known. In this study, we examined the effects of farming systems, inter-row management and landscape composition on phytoseiid mite communities in 156 vineyards across five European wine-growing regions. Our results showed that phytoseiid communities were mainly dominated by one or two phytoseiid species across Europe and that local management was a major factor affecting population densities. According to the wine-growing regions, phytoseiid mite densities benefited from integrated pest management or conventional farming compared to organic farming and from spontaneous vegetation cover compared to seeded cover crops. Moreover, mite densities benefited from increasing proportions of vineyards at the landscape scale. The farming systems effects were most likely related to the positive impact of the lower pesticide use in integrated and conventional vineyards. The positive effect of spontaneous vegetation cover could be related to a better supply of nutritive pollen as food resource compared to seeded cover crops, which depends on the plant species in the inter-row. Our findings indicated accordingly that a reduced pesticide use, and inter-row management are crucial factors for promoting pest control by predatory mites in European vineyards. Moreover, the proportion of viticultural area in the landscape is a considerable factor to retain stable phytoseiid mite populations.

Published
2023

21. Genetic factors associated with prostate cancer conversion from active surveillance to treatment

Author

Jiang, Y, Meyers, TJ, Emeka, AA, Cooley, LF, Cooper, PR, Lancki, N, Helenowski, I, Kachuri, L, Lin, DW, Stanford, JL, Newcomb, LF, Kolb, S, Finelli, A, Fleshner, NE, Komisarenko, M, Eastham, JA, Ehdaie, B, Benfante, N, Logothetis, CJ, Gregg, JR, Perez, CA, Garza, S, Kim, J, Marks, LS, Delfin, M, Barsa, D, Vesprini, D, Klotz, LH, Loblaw, A, Mamedov, A, Goldenberg, SL, Higano, CS, Spillane, M, Wu, E, Carter, HB, Pavlovich, CP, Mamawala, M, Landis, T, Carroll, PR, Chan, JM, Cooperberg, MR, Cowan, JE, Morgan, TM, Siddiqui, J, Martin, R, Klein, EA, Brittain, K, Gotwald, P, Barocas, DA, Dallmer, JR, Gordetsky, JB, Steele, P, Kundu, SD, Stockdale, J, Roobol, MJ, Venderbos, LDF, Sanda, MG, Arnold, R, Patil, D, Evans, CP, Dall'Era, MA, Vij, A, Costello, AJ, Chow, K, Corcoran, NM, Rais-Bahrami, S, Phares, C, Scherr, DS, Flynn, T, Karnes, RJ, Koch, M, Dhondt, CR, Nelson, JB, McBride, D, Cookson, MS, Stratton, KL, Farriester, S, Hemken, E, Stadler, WM, Pera, T, Banionyte, D, Bianco, FJ, Lopez, IH, Loeb, S, Taneja, SS, Byrne, N, Amling, CL, Martinez, A, Boileau, L, Gaylis, FD, Petkewicz, J, Kirwen, N, Helfand, BT, Xu, J, Scholtens, DM, Catalona, WJ, Witte, JS, Jiang, Y, Meyers, TJ, Emeka, AA, Cooley, LF, Cooper, PR, Lancki, N, Helenowski, I, Kachuri, L, Lin, DW, Stanford, JL, Newcomb, LF, Kolb, S, Finelli, A, Fleshner, NE, Komisarenko, M, Eastham, JA, Ehdaie, B, Benfante, N, Logothetis, CJ, Gregg, JR, Perez, CA, Garza, S, Kim, J, Marks, LS, Delfin, M, Barsa, D, Vesprini, D, Klotz, LH, Loblaw, A, Mamedov, A, Goldenberg, SL, Higano, CS, Spillane, M, Wu, E, Carter, HB, Pavlovich, CP, Mamawala, M, Landis, T, Carroll, PR, Chan, JM, Cooperberg, MR, Cowan, JE, Morgan, TM, Siddiqui, J, Martin, R, Klein, EA, Brittain, K, Gotwald, P, Barocas, DA, Dallmer, JR, Gordetsky, JB, Steele, P, Kundu, SD, Stockdale, J, Roobol, MJ, Venderbos, LDF, Sanda, MG, Arnold, R, Patil, D, Evans, CP, Dall'Era, MA, Vij, A, Costello, AJ, Chow, K, Corcoran, NM, Rais-Bahrami, S, Phares, C, Scherr, DS, Flynn, T, Karnes, RJ, Koch, M, Dhondt, CR, Nelson, JB, McBride, D, Cookson, MS, Stratton, KL, Farriester, S, Hemken, E, Stadler, WM, Pera, T, Banionyte, D, Bianco, FJ, Lopez, IH, Loeb, S, Taneja, SS, Byrne, N, Amling, CL, Martinez, A, Boileau, L, Gaylis, FD, Petkewicz, J, Kirwen, N, Helfand, BT, Xu, J, Scholtens, DM, Catalona, WJ, and Witte, JS

Abstract

Men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PC) are increasingly electing active surveillance (AS) as their initial management strategy. While this may reduce the side effects of treatment for prostate cancer, many men on AS eventually convert to active treatment. PC is one of the most heritable cancers, and genetic factors that predispose to aggressive tumors may help distinguish men who are more likely to discontinue AS. To investigate this, we undertook a multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5,222 PC patients and 1,139 other patients from replication cohorts, all of whom initially elected AS and were followed over time for the potential outcome of conversion from AS to active treatment. In the GWAS we detected 18 variants associated with conversion, 15 of which were not previously associated with PC risk. With a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), we found two genes associated with conversion (MAST3, p = 6.9×10-7 and GAB2, p = 2.0×10-6). Moreover, increasing values of a previously validated 269-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for PC was positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the highest to the two middle deciles gave a hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 0.94-1.36); whereas, decreasing values of a 36-variant GRS for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the lowest to the two middle deciles gave a HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). These results suggest that germline genetics may help inform and individualize the decision of AS-or the intensity of monitoring on AS-versus treatment for the initial management of patients with low-risk PC.

Published
2022

27. Influence of socioeconomic variables on physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents during the COVID‑19 lockdown in Germany: the MoMo study [Einfluss sozioökonomischer Variablen auf die körperlich-sportliche Aktivität und Bildschirmmediennutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen während des COVID‑19-Lockdowns in Deutschland: die MoMo-Studie]

Author

Schmidt, S. C. E., Burchartz, A., Kolb, S., Niessner, C., Oriwol, D., and Woll, A.

Subjects
·, Socioeconomic, Athletic & outdoor sports & games, Youth, ddc:796, MoMo, Outdoorplay, status, Sports
Abstract

The COVID‑19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic created a multitude of natural experiments about the change of human behavior in a widely unfamiliar situation. Besides physical and mental health, physical activity (PA) and people’s movement behaviors were of particular interest to researchers all over the world. In a recent study, we found that among youth in Germany, sports activity declined, whereas recreational screen time and habitual activity increased during the first COVID‑19 lockdown. In the present study, we analyze the influence of the socioeconomic status and the housing situation on the changes in PA behavior and recreational screen-time before and during the first COVID‑19 lockdown among children and adolescents living in Germany. We found an alignment of PA behavior among youth from families with different socioeconomic backgrounds during the first lockdown and identified the housing situation to be a meaningful predictor of the increase in habitual activity. We conclude that restriction policies, communities, and in the last instance parents need to enable access to nonorganized PA to all children and adolescents every day and especially during potential future lockdowns.

Published
2022
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28. Evaluation des Pionierjahrgangs Humanmedizin der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität am Standort Nürnberg (2014–2019)

Author

Kolb, S, Spieler, I, Hach, I, Papadopoulos, T, and Söllner, W

Subjects
ddc: 610, Medicine and health
Abstract

Rund 40 Jahre nach Gründung der Universität Witten-Herdecke liegen erste Resultate des zweiten deutschen Standortes eines Studiums Humanmedizin in privater Trägerschaft vor. Der Pionierjahrgang des Nürnberger Standortes der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität (Hauptsitz [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Published
2021
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29. 'Medizin an der PMU goes Bologna' – Entwicklung des Bachelor- und Masterstudiengangs Medizin an der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität (PMU)

Author

Spieler, I, Carstensen, D, and Kolb, S

Subjects
ddc: 610, Medicine and health
Abstract

Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: Wie kann ein Medizinstudium im Bologna Modell gestaltet werden? Die Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität überführt ihren ‚ältesten‘ Studiengang in das Bologna-Modell, das an der Universität bereits in Pflegewissenschaft [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Published
2021
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33. Indicators to assess physical health of children and adolescents in activity research—A scoping review

Author

Kolb, S., Burchartz, A., Oriwol, D., Schmidt, S. C. E., Woll, A., and Niessner, C.

Subjects
body composition, youth, Adolescent, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical activity, Review, Athletic & outdoor sports & games, sedentary behavior, physical fitness, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, ddc:796, Child, Exercise, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract

Sufficient physical activity can help promote and maintain health, while its lack can jeopardize it. Since health and physical activity lay their foundation for later life in childhood and adolescence, it is important to examine this relationship from the beginning. Therefore, this scoping review aims to provide an overview of physical health indicators in children and adolescents in research on the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior. We identified the indicators used to quantify or assess physical health and summarized the methods used to measure these indicators. We systematically searched Scopus, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases for systematic reviews. The search yielded 4595 records from which 32 records were included in the review. The measurements for physical health reported in the reviews contained measures of body composition, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, harm/injury, or bone health. Body composition was the most used indicator to assess and evaluate physical health in children, whereas information on harm and injury was barely available. In future research longitudinal studies are mandatory to focus on the prospective relationships between physical activity or sedentary behavior, and physical health.

Published
2021
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37. Longitudinal natural history of type I spinal muscular atrophy: A critical review

Author

Mercuri, Eugenio Maria, Lucibello, Simona, Perulli, Marco, Coratti, Giorgia, De Sanctis, Roberto, Pera, Maria Carmela, Pane, Marika, Montes, J., De Vivo, D. C., Darras, B. T., Kolb, S. J., Finkel, R. S., Mercuri E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9851-5365), Lucibello S., Perulli M., Coratti G. (ORCID:0000-0001-6666-5628), De Sanctis R., Pera M. C. (ORCID:0000-0001-6777-1721), Pane M. (ORCID:0000-0002-4851-6124), Mercuri, Eugenio Maria, Lucibello, Simona, Perulli, Marco, Coratti, Giorgia, De Sanctis, Roberto, Pera, Maria Carmela, Pane, Marika, Montes, J., De Vivo, D. C., Darras, B. T., Kolb, S. J., Finkel, R. S., Mercuri E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9851-5365), Lucibello S., Perulli M., Coratti G. (ORCID:0000-0001-6666-5628), De Sanctis R., Pera M. C. (ORCID:0000-0001-6777-1721), and Pane M. (ORCID:0000-0002-4851-6124)

Abstract

Background: The advent of new therapies in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has highlighted the need to have natural history data for comparison. Natural history studies using structured assessments in type I however are very limited. We identified and reviewed all the existing longitudinal history data in infants with type I SMA first assessed before the age of 7 months with the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND). Main text: Three longitudinal natural history studies, two performed in the United States and one in Italy, were identified. The different study design of these three studies made it possible for the cumulative dataset to include the full spectrum of severity; from infants with neonatal onset to those with a milder phenotype that were not always included in the individual natural history studies. The cumulative analysis confirmed that, even in a larger cohort, there was never an improvement on the CHOP INTEND over time. This was true for all the infants, irrespective of their age or baseline CHOP INTEND scores. Infants with neonatal onset had low CHOP INTEND scores and a fast decline. The relatively large number of patients allowed us to calculate the rate of progression in subgroups identified according to SMN2 copy number and baseline CHOP INTEND scores. Conclusion: A detailed understanding of the existing data is important, as it will be difficult to acquire new systematic longitudinal history data because of the availability of disease modifying therapies. The cumulative findings in this review help to better understand the variability of natural history data in untreated patients and will be of use for comparison to the real world patients treated with the recently approved therapies that have shown encouraging results in clinical trials.

Published
2020

43. Early Implementation and Evaluation of a Three Year Interprofessional Curriculum for Nursing Trainees and Students of Medicine and Nursing

Author

Vasilakis, T, Härlein, J, Spieler, I, Schuck, C, Stein, B, Fley, G, Jassmann, M, Krasa, K, and Kolb, S

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Although longitudinal Curricula for Interprofessional Education (IPE) are running worldwide for almost two decades now, only few exist in Germany. In most cases solitary workshops take place, mainly at a later stage of training. Our objective was therefore to design an IPE Curriculum along[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA), des Arbeitskreises zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehre in der Zahnmedizin (AKWLZ) und der Chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre (CAL)

Published
2019
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44. Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry (vol 9, 4616, 2018)

Author

Matejcic, M, Saunders, EJ, Dadaev, T, Brook, MN, Wang, K, Sheng, X, Al Olama, AA, Schumacher, FR, Ingles, SA, Govindasami, K, Benlloch, S, Berndt, SI, Albanes, D, Koutros, S, Muir, K, Stevens, VL, Gapstur, SM, Tangen, CM, Batra, J, Clements, J, Gronberg, H, Pashayan, N, Schleutker, J, Wolk, A, West, C, Mucci, L, Kraft, P, Cancel-Tassin, G, Sorensen, KD, Maehle, L, Grindedal, EM, Strom, SS, Neal, DE, Hamdy, FC, Donovan, JL, Travis, RC, Hamilton, RJ, Rosenstein, B, Lu, Y-J, Giles, GG, Kibel, AS, Vega, A, Bensen, JT, Kogevinas, M, Penney, KL, Park, JY, Stanford, JL, Cybulski, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Brenner, H, Maier, C, Kim, J, Teixeira, MR, Neuhausen, SL, De Ruyck, K, Razack, A, Newcomb, LF, Lessel, D, Kaneva, R, Usmani, N, Claessens, F, Townsend, PA, Gago-Dominguez, M, Roobol, MJ, Menegaux, F, Khaw, K-T, Cannon-Albright, LA, Pandha, H, Thibodeau, SN, Schaid, DJ, Wiklund, F, Chanock, SJ, Easton, DF, Eeles, RA, Kote-Jarai, Z, Conti, DV, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Stern, MC, Thwaites, A, Guy, M, Whitmore, I, Morgan, A, Fisher, C, Hazel, S, Livni, N, Cook, M, Fachal, L, Weinstein, S, Freeman, LEB, Hoover, RN, Machiela, MJ, Lophatananon, A, Carter, BD, Goodman, P, Moya, L, Srinivasan, S, Kedda, M-A, Yeadon, T, Eckert, A, Eklund, M, Cavalli-Bjoerkman, C, Dunning, AM, Sipeky, C, Hakansson, N, Elliott, R, Ranu, H, Giovannucci, E, Turman, C, Hunter, DJ, Cussenot, O, Orntoft, TF, Lane, A, Lewis, SJ, Davis, M, Key, TJ, Brown, P, Kulkarni, GS, Zlotta, AR, Fleshner, NE, Finelli, A, Mao, X, Marzec, J, MacInnis, RJ, Milne, R, Hopper, JL, Aguado, M, Bustamante, M, Castano-Vinyals, G, Gracia-Lavedan, E, Cecchini, L, Stampfer, M, Ma, J, Sellers, TA, Geybels, MS, Park, H, Zachariah, B, Kolb, S, Wokolorczyk, D, Lubinski, J, Kluzniak, W, Nielsen, SF, Weisher, M, Cuk, K, Vogel, W, Luedeke, M, Logothetis, CJ, Paulo, P, Cardoso, M, Maia, S, Silva, MP, Steele, L, Ding, YC, De Meerleer, G, De Langhe, S, Thierens, H, Lim, J, Tan, MH, Ong, AT, Lin, DW, Kachakova, D, Mitkova, A, Mitev, V, Parliament, M, Jenster, G, Bangma, C, Schroder, FH, Truong, T, Koudou, YA, Michael, A, Kierzek, A, Karlsson, A, Broms, M, Wu, H, Aukim-Hastie, C, Tillmans, L, Riska, S, McDonnell, SK, Dearnaley, D, Spurdle, A, Gardiner, R, Hayes, V, Butler, L, Taylor, R, Papargiris, M, Saunders, P, Kujala, P, Talala, K, Taari, K, Bentzen, S, Hicks, B, Vogt, A, Hutchinson, A, Cox, A, George, A, Toi, A, Evans, A, Van der Kwast, TH, Imai, T, Saito, S, Zhao, S-C, Ren, G, Zhang, Y, Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Wu, J, Zhou, B, Pedersen, J, Lobato-Busto, R, Manuel Ruiz-Dominguez, J, Mengual, L, Alcaraz, A, Pow-Sang, J, Herkommer, K, Vlahova, A, Dikov, T, Christova, S, Carracedo, A, Tretarre, B, Rebillard, X, Mulot, C, Adolfsson, J, Stattin, P, Johansson, J-E, Martin, RM, Thompson, IM, Chambers, S, Aitken, J, Horvath, L, Haynes, A-M, Tilley, W, Risbridger, G, Aly, M, Nordstrom, T, Pharoah, P, Tammela, TLJ, Murtola, T, Auvinen, A, Burnet, N, Barnett, G, Andriole, G, Klim, A, Drake, BF, Borre, M, Kerns, S, Ostrer, H, Zhang, H-W, Cao, G, Lin, J, Ling, J, Li, M, Feng, N, Li, J, He, W, Guo, X, Sun, Z, Wang, G, Guo, J, Southey, MC, FitzGerald, LM, Marsden, G, Gomez-Caamano, A, Carballo, A, Peleteiro, P, Calvo, P, Szulkin, R, Llorca, J, Dierssen-Sotos, T, Gomez-Acebo, I, Lin, H-Y, Ostrander, EA, Bisbjerg, R, Klarskov, P, Roder, MA, Iversen, P, Holleczek, B, Stegmaier, C, Schnoeller, T, Bohnert, P, John, EM, Ost, P, Teo, S-H, Gamulin, M, Kulis, T, Kastelan, Z, Slavov, C, Popov, E, Van den Broeck, T, Joniau, S, Larkin, S, Esteban Castelao, J, Martinez, ME, Van Schaik, RHN, Xu, J, Lindstrom, S, Riboli, E, Berry, C, Siddiq, A, Canzian, F, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Freedman, M, Cenee, S, Sanchez, M, and Commission of the European Communities

Subjects
Multidisciplinary Sciences, Science & Technology, MD Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology - Other Topics, PRACTICAL Consortium
Abstract

Correction to: Nature Communications; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06863-1, published online 5 November 2018.

Published
2019

47. Latest Results from the Heidelberg-Moscow Double-Beta-Decay Experiment

Author

Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, H. V., primary, Dietz, A., additional, Baudis, L., additional, Heusser, G., additional, Krivosheina, I. V., additional, Kolb, S., additional, Majorovits, B., additional, Paes, H., additional, Strecker, H., additional, Alexeev, V., additional, Balysh, A., additional, Bakalyarov, A., additional, Belyaev, S. T., additional, Lebedev, V. I., additional, and Zhukov, S., additional

Published
2001
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48. Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry.

Author

Carter B.D., Kerns S., Ostrer H., Zhang H.-W., Cao G., Lin J., Li M., Feng N., Li J., He W., Guo X., Sun Z., Wang G., Guo J., Southey M.C., FitzGerald L.M., Marsden G., Gomez-Caamano A., Carballo A., Peleteiro P., Calvo P., Szulkin R., Llorca J., Dierssen-Sotos T., Gomez-Acebo I., Lin H.-Y., Ostrander E.A., Bisbjerg R., Klarskov P., Roder M.A., Iversen P., Holleczek B., Stegmaier C., Schnoeller T., Bohnert P., John E.M., Ost P., Teo S.-H., Gamulin M., Kulis T., Kastelan Z., Slavov C., Popov E., Van den Broeck T., Joniau S., Larkin S., Castelao J.E., Martinez M.E., van Schaik R.H.N., Xu J., Lindstrom S., Riboli E., Berry C., Siddiq A., Canzian F., Kolonel L.N., Le Marchand L., Freedman M., Cenee S., Sanchez M., Wiklund F., Chanock S.J., Easton D.F., Eeles R.A., Kote-Jarai Z., Conti D.V., Haiman C.A., Hutchinson A., Ling J., Papargiris M., Matejcic M., Saunders E.J., Dadaev T., Brook M.N., Wang K., Sheng X., Olama A.A.A., Schumacher F.R., Ingles S.A., Govindasami K., Benlloch S., Berndt S.I., Albanes D., Koutros S., Muir K., Stevens V.L., Gapstur S.M., Tangen C.M., Batra J., Clements J., Gronberg H., Pashayan N., Schleutker J., Wolk A., West C., Mucci L., Kraft P., Cancel-Tassin G., Sorensen K.D., Maehle L., Grindedal E.M., Strom S.S., Neal D.E., Hamdy F.C., Donovan J.L., Travis R.C., Hamilton R.J., Rosenstein B., Lu Y.-J., Giles G.G., Kibel A.S., Vega A., Bensen J.T., Kogevinas M., Penney K.L., Park J.Y., Stanford J.L., Cybulski C., Nordestgaard B.G., Brenner H., Maier C., Kim J., Teixeira M.R., Neuhausen S.L., De Ruyck K., Razack A., Newcomb L.F., Lessel D., Kaneva R., Usmani N., Claessens F., Townsend P.A., Dominguez M.G., Roobol M.J., Menegaux F., Khaw K.-T., Cannon-Albright L.A., Pandha H., Thibodeau S.N., Schaid D.J., Henderson B.E., Stern M.C., Thwaites A., Guy M., Whitmore I., Morgan A., Fisher C., Hazel S., Livni N., Cook M., Fachal L., Weinstein S., Beane Freeman L.E., Hoover R.N., Machiela M.J., Lophatananon A., Goodman P., Moya L., Srinivasan S., Kedda M.-A., Yeadon T., Eckert A., Eklund M., Cavalli-Bjoerkman C., Dunning A.M., Sipeky C., Hakansson N., Elliott R., Ranu H., Giovannucci E., Turman C., Hunter D.J., Cussenot O., Orntoft T.F., Lane A., Lewis S.J., Davis M., Key T.J., Brown P., Kulkarni G.S., Zlotta A.R., Fleshner N.E., Finelli A., Mao X., Marzec J., MacInnis R.J., Milne R., Hopper J.L., Aguado M., Bustamante M., Castano-Vinyals G., Gracia-Lavedan E., Cecchini L., Stampfer M., Ma J., Sellers T.A., Geybels M.S., Park H., Zachariah B., Kolb S., Wokolorczyk D., Jan Lubinski, Kluzniak W., Nielsen S.F., Weisher M., Cuk K., Vogel W., Luedeke M., Logothetis C.J., Paulo P., Cardoso M., Maia S., Silva M.P., Steele L., Ding Y.C., De Meerleer G., De Langhe S., Thierens H., Lim J., Tan M.H., Ong A.T., Lin D.W., Kachakova D., Mitkova A., Mitev V., Parliament M., Jenster G., Bangma C., Schroder F.H., Truong T., Koudou Y.A., Michael A., Kierzek A., Karlsson A., Broms M., Wu H., Aukim-Hastie C., Tillmans L., Riska S., McDonnell S.K., Dearnaley D., Spurdle A., Gardiner R., Hayes V., Butler L., Taylor R., Saunders P., Kujala P., Talala K., Taari K., Bentzen S., Hicks B., Vogt A., Cox A., George A., Toi A., Evans A., van der Kwast T.H., Imai T., Saito S., Zhao S.-C., Ren G., Zhang Y., Yu Y., Wu Y., Wu J., Zhou B., Pedersen J., Lobato-Busto R., Ruiz-Dominguez J.M., Mengual L., Alcaraz A., Pow-Sang J., Herkommer K., Vlahova A., Dikov T., Christova S., Carracedo A., Tretarre B., Rebillard X., Mulot C., Jan Adolfsson, Stattin P., Johansson J.-E., Martin R.M., Thompson I.M., Chambers S., Aitken J., Horvath L., Haynes A.-M., Tilley W., Risbridger G., Aly M., Nordstrom T., Pharoah P., Tammela T.L.J., Murtola T., Auvinen A., Burnet N., Barnett G., Andriole G., Klim A., Drake B.F., Borre M., Carter B.D., Kerns S., Ostrer H., Zhang H.-W., Cao G., Lin J., Li M., Feng N., Li J., He W., Guo X., Sun Z., Wang G., Guo J., Southey M.C., FitzGerald L.M., Marsden G., Gomez-Caamano A., Carballo A., Peleteiro P., Calvo P., Szulkin R., Llorca J., Dierssen-Sotos T., Gomez-Acebo I., Lin H.-Y., Ostrander E.A., Bisbjerg R., Klarskov P., Roder M.A., Iversen P., Holleczek B., Stegmaier C., Schnoeller T., Bohnert P., John E.M., Ost P., Teo S.-H., Gamulin M., Kulis T., Kastelan Z., Slavov C., Popov E., Van den Broeck T., Joniau S., Larkin S., Castelao J.E., Martinez M.E., van Schaik R.H.N., Xu J., Lindstrom S., Riboli E., Berry C., Siddiq A., Canzian F., Kolonel L.N., Le Marchand L., Freedman M., Cenee S., Sanchez M., Wiklund F., Chanock S.J., Easton D.F., Eeles R.A., Kote-Jarai Z., Conti D.V., Haiman C.A., Hutchinson A., Ling J., Papargiris M., Matejcic M., Saunders E.J., Dadaev T., Brook M.N., Wang K., Sheng X., Olama A.A.A., Schumacher F.R., Ingles S.A., Govindasami K., Benlloch S., Berndt S.I., Albanes D., Koutros S., Muir K., Stevens V.L., Gapstur S.M., Tangen C.M., Batra J., Clements J., Gronberg H., Pashayan N., Schleutker J., Wolk A., West C., Mucci L., Kraft P., Cancel-Tassin G., Sorensen K.D., Maehle L., Grindedal E.M., Strom S.S., Neal D.E., Hamdy F.C., Donovan J.L., Travis R.C., Hamilton R.J., Rosenstein B., Lu Y.-J., Giles G.G., Kibel A.S., Vega A., Bensen J.T., Kogevinas M., Penney K.L., Park J.Y., Stanford J.L., Cybulski C., Nordestgaard B.G., Brenner H., Maier C., Kim J., Teixeira M.R., Neuhausen S.L., De Ruyck K., Razack A., Newcomb L.F., Lessel D., Kaneva R., Usmani N., Claessens F., Townsend P.A., Dominguez M.G., Roobol M.J., Menegaux F., Khaw K.-T., Cannon-Albright L.A., Pandha H., Thibodeau S.N., Schaid D.J., Henderson B.E., Stern M.C., Thwaites A., Guy M., Whitmore I., Morgan A., Fisher C., Hazel S., Livni N., Cook M., Fachal L., Weinstein S., Beane Freeman L.E., Hoover R.N., Machiela M.J., Lophatananon A., Goodman P., Moya L., Srinivasan S., Kedda M.-A., Yeadon T., Eckert A., Eklund M., Cavalli-Bjoerkman C., Dunning A.M., Sipeky C., Hakansson N., Elliott R., Ranu H., Giovannucci E., Turman C., Hunter D.J., Cussenot O., Orntoft T.F., Lane A., Lewis S.J., Davis M., Key T.J., Brown P., Kulkarni G.S., Zlotta A.R., Fleshner N.E., Finelli A., Mao X., Marzec J., MacInnis R.J., Milne R., Hopper J.L., Aguado M., Bustamante M., Castano-Vinyals G., Gracia-Lavedan E., Cecchini L., Stampfer M., Ma J., Sellers T.A., Geybels M.S., Park H., Zachariah B., Kolb S., Wokolorczyk D., Jan Lubinski, Kluzniak W., Nielsen S.F., Weisher M., Cuk K., Vogel W., Luedeke M., Logothetis C.J., Paulo P., Cardoso M., Maia S., Silva M.P., Steele L., Ding Y.C., De Meerleer G., De Langhe S., Thierens H., Lim J., Tan M.H., Ong A.T., Lin D.W., Kachakova D., Mitkova A., Mitev V., Parliament M., Jenster G., Bangma C., Schroder F.H., Truong T., Koudou Y.A., Michael A., Kierzek A., Karlsson A., Broms M., Wu H., Aukim-Hastie C., Tillmans L., Riska S., McDonnell S.K., Dearnaley D., Spurdle A., Gardiner R., Hayes V., Butler L., Taylor R., Saunders P., Kujala P., Talala K., Taari K., Bentzen S., Hicks B., Vogt A., Cox A., George A., Toi A., Evans A., van der Kwast T.H., Imai T., Saito S., Zhao S.-C., Ren G., Zhang Y., Yu Y., Wu Y., Wu J., Zhou B., Pedersen J., Lobato-Busto R., Ruiz-Dominguez J.M., Mengual L., Alcaraz A., Pow-Sang J., Herkommer K., Vlahova A., Dikov T., Christova S., Carracedo A., Tretarre B., Rebillard X., Mulot C., Jan Adolfsson, Stattin P., Johansson J.-E., Martin R.M., Thompson I.M., Chambers S., Aitken J., Horvath L., Haynes A.-M., Tilley W., Risbridger G., Aly M., Nordstrom T., Pharoah P., Tammela T.L.J., Murtola T., Auvinen A., Burnet N., Barnett G., Andriole G., Klim A., Drake B.F., and Borre M.

Abstract

Chromosome 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we combine genetic data across the 8q24 susceptibility region from 71,535 prostate cancer cases and 52,935 controls of European ancestry to define the overall contribution of germline variation at 8q24 to prostate cancer risk. We identify 12 independent risk signals for prostate cancer (p < 4.28 x 10-15), including three risk variants that have yet to be reported. From a polygenic risk score (PRS) model, derived to assess the cumulative effect of risk variants at 8q24, men in the top 1% of the PRS have a 4-fold (95%CI = 3.62-4.40) greater risk compared to the population average. These 12 variants account for ~25% of what can be currently explained of the familial risk of prostate cancer by known genetic risk factors. These findings highlight the overwhelming contribution of germline variation at 8q24 on prostate cancer risk which has implications for population risk stratification.Copyright © 2018, The Author(s).

Published
2019

49. Erratum to: Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry (Nature Communications, (2018), 9, 1, (4616), 10.1038/s41467-018-06863-1).

Author

Wang G., Lessel D., Kaneva R., Usmani N., Kastelan Z., Slavov C., Popov E., Van den Broeck T., Joniau S., Larkin S., Castelao J.E., Martinez M.E., van Schaik R.H.N., Xu J., Lindstrom S., Riboli E., Berry C., Siddiq A., Canzian F., Kolonel L.N., Le Marchand L., Freedman M., Cenee S., Sanchez M., Wiklund F., Chanock S.J., Easton D.F., Eeles R.A., Kote-Jarai Z., Conti D.V., Haiman C.A., Hutchinson A., Ling J., Papargiris M., Matejcic M., Saunders E.J., Dadaev T., Brook M.N., Wang K., Sheng X., Olama A.A.A., Schumacher F.R., Ingles S.A., Govindasami K., Benlloch S., Berndt S.I., Albanes D., Koutros S., Muir K., Stevens V.L., Gapstur S.M., Tangen C.M., Batra J., Clements J., Gronberg H., Pashayan N., Schleutker J., Wolk A., West C., Mucci L., Kraft P., Cancel-Tassin G., Sorensen K.D., Maehle L., Grindedal E.M., Strom S.S., Neal D.E., Hamdy F.C., Donovan J.L., Travis R.C., Hamilton R.J., Rosenstein B., Lu Y.-J., Giles G.G., Kibel A.S., Vega A., Bensen J.T., Kogevinas M., Penney K.L., Park J.Y., Stanford J.L., Cybulski C., Nordestgaard B.G., Brenner H., Maier C., Kim J., Teixeira M.R., Neuhausen S.L., De Ruyck K., Razack A., Newcomb L.F., Claessens F., Townsend P.A., Gago-Dominguez M., Roobol M.J., Menegaux F., Khaw K.-T., Cannon-Albright L.A., Pandha H., Thibodeau S.N., Schaid D.J., Henderson B.E., Stern M.C., Thwaites A., Guy M., Whitmore I., Morgan A., Fisher C., Hazel S., Livni N., Cook M., Fachal L., Weinstein S., Beane Freeman L.E., Hoover R.N., Machiela M.J., Lophatananon A., Carter B.D., Goodman P., Moya L., Srinivasan S., Kedda M.-A., Yeadon T., Eckert A., Eklund M., Cavalli-Bjoerkman C., Dunning A.M., Sipeky C., Hakansson N., Elliott R., Ranu H., Giovannucci E., Turman C., Hunter D.J., Cussenot O., Orntoft T.F., Lane A., Lewis S.J., Davis M., Key T.J., Brown P., Kulkarni G.S., Zlotta A.R., Fleshner N.E., Finelli A., Mao X., Marzec J., MacInnis R.J., Milne R., Hopper J.L., Aguado M., Bustamante M., Castano-Vinyals G., Gracia-Lavedan E., Cecchini L., Stampfer M., Ma J., Sellers T.A., Geybels M.S., Park H., Zachariah B., Kolb S., Wokolorczyk D., Lubinski J., Kluzniak W., Nielsen S.F., Weisher M., Cuk K., Vogel W., Luedeke M., Logothetis C.J., Paulo P., Cardoso M., Maia S., Silva M.P., Steele L., Ding Y.C., De Meerleer G., De Langhe S., Thierens H., Lim J., Tan M.H., Ong A.T., Lin D.W., Kachakova D., Mitkova A., Mitev V., Parliament M., Jenster G., Bangma C., Schroder F.H., Truong T., Koudou Y.A., Michael A., Kierzek A., Karlsson A., Broms M., Wu H., Aukim-Hastie C., Tillmans L., Riska S., McDonnell S.K., Dearnaley D., Spurdle A., Gardiner R., Hayes V., Butler L., Taylor R., Saunders P., Kujala P., Talala K., Taari K., Bentzen S., Hicks B., Vogt A., Cox A., George A., Toi A., Evans A., van der Kwast T.H., Imai T., Saito S., Zhao S.-C., Ren G., Zhang Y., Yu Y., Wu Y., Wu J., Zhou B., Pedersen J., Lobato-Busto R., Ruiz-Dominguez J.M., Mengual L., Alcaraz A., Pow-Sang J., Herkommer K., Vlahova A., Dikov T., Christova S., Carracedo A., Tretarre B., Rebillard X., Mulot C., Adolfsson J., Stattin P., Johansson J.-E., Martin R.M., Thompson I.M., Chambers S., Aitken J., Horvath L., Haynes A.-M., Tilley W., Risbridger G., Aly M., Nordstrom T., Pharoah P., Tammela T.L.J., Murtola T., Auvinen A., Burnet N., Barnett G., Andriole G., Klim A., Drake B.F., Borre M., Kerns S., Ostrer H., Zhang H.-W., Cao G., Lin J., Li M., Feng N., Li J., He W., Guo X., Sun Z., Guo J., Southey M.C., FitzGerald L.M., Marsden G., Gomez-Caamano A., Carballo A., Peleteiro P., Calvo P., Szulkin R., Llorca J., Dierssen-Sotos T., Gomez-Acebo I., Lin H.-Y., Ostrander E.A., Bisbjerg R., Klarskov P., Roder M.A., Iversen P., Holleczek B., Stegmaier C., Schnoeller T., Bohnert P., John E.M., Ost P., Teo S.-H., Gamulin M., Kulis T., Wang G., Lessel D., Kaneva R., Usmani N., Kastelan Z., Slavov C., Popov E., Van den Broeck T., Joniau S., Larkin S., Castelao J.E., Martinez M.E., van Schaik R.H.N., Xu J., Lindstrom S., Riboli E., Berry C., Siddiq A., Canzian F., Kolonel L.N., Le Marchand L., Freedman M., Cenee S., Sanchez M., Wiklund F., Chanock S.J., Easton D.F., Eeles R.A., Kote-Jarai Z., Conti D.V., Haiman C.A., Hutchinson A., Ling J., Papargiris M., Matejcic M., Saunders E.J., Dadaev T., Brook M.N., Wang K., Sheng X., Olama A.A.A., Schumacher F.R., Ingles S.A., Govindasami K., Benlloch S., Berndt S.I., Albanes D., Koutros S., Muir K., Stevens V.L., Gapstur S.M., Tangen C.M., Batra J., Clements J., Gronberg H., Pashayan N., Schleutker J., Wolk A., West C., Mucci L., Kraft P., Cancel-Tassin G., Sorensen K.D., Maehle L., Grindedal E.M., Strom S.S., Neal D.E., Hamdy F.C., Donovan J.L., Travis R.C., Hamilton R.J., Rosenstein B., Lu Y.-J., Giles G.G., Kibel A.S., Vega A., Bensen J.T., Kogevinas M., Penney K.L., Park J.Y., Stanford J.L., Cybulski C., Nordestgaard B.G., Brenner H., Maier C., Kim J., Teixeira M.R., Neuhausen S.L., De Ruyck K., Razack A., Newcomb L.F., Claessens F., Townsend P.A., Gago-Dominguez M., Roobol M.J., Menegaux F., Khaw K.-T., Cannon-Albright L.A., Pandha H., Thibodeau S.N., Schaid D.J., Henderson B.E., Stern M.C., Thwaites A., Guy M., Whitmore I., Morgan A., Fisher C., Hazel S., Livni N., Cook M., Fachal L., Weinstein S., Beane Freeman L.E., Hoover R.N., Machiela M.J., Lophatananon A., Carter B.D., Goodman P., Moya L., Srinivasan S., Kedda M.-A., Yeadon T., Eckert A., Eklund M., Cavalli-Bjoerkman C., Dunning A.M., Sipeky C., Hakansson N., Elliott R., Ranu H., Giovannucci E., Turman C., Hunter D.J., Cussenot O., Orntoft T.F., Lane A., Lewis S.J., Davis M., Key T.J., Brown P., Kulkarni G.S., Zlotta A.R., Fleshner N.E., Finelli A., Mao X., Marzec J., MacInnis R.J., Milne R., Hopper J.L., Aguado M., Bustamante M., Castano-Vinyals G., Gracia-Lavedan E., Cecchini L., Stampfer M., Ma J., Sellers T.A., Geybels M.S., Park H., Zachariah B., Kolb S., Wokolorczyk D., Lubinski J., Kluzniak W., Nielsen S.F., Weisher M., Cuk K., Vogel W., Luedeke M., Logothetis C.J., Paulo P., Cardoso M., Maia S., Silva M.P., Steele L., Ding Y.C., De Meerleer G., De Langhe S., Thierens H., Lim J., Tan M.H., Ong A.T., Lin D.W., Kachakova D., Mitkova A., Mitev V., Parliament M., Jenster G., Bangma C., Schroder F.H., Truong T., Koudou Y.A., Michael A., Kierzek A., Karlsson A., Broms M., Wu H., Aukim-Hastie C., Tillmans L., Riska S., McDonnell S.K., Dearnaley D., Spurdle A., Gardiner R., Hayes V., Butler L., Taylor R., Saunders P., Kujala P., Talala K., Taari K., Bentzen S., Hicks B., Vogt A., Cox A., George A., Toi A., Evans A., van der Kwast T.H., Imai T., Saito S., Zhao S.-C., Ren G., Zhang Y., Yu Y., Wu Y., Wu J., Zhou B., Pedersen J., Lobato-Busto R., Ruiz-Dominguez J.M., Mengual L., Alcaraz A., Pow-Sang J., Herkommer K., Vlahova A., Dikov T., Christova S., Carracedo A., Tretarre B., Rebillard X., Mulot C., Adolfsson J., Stattin P., Johansson J.-E., Martin R.M., Thompson I.M., Chambers S., Aitken J., Horvath L., Haynes A.-M., Tilley W., Risbridger G., Aly M., Nordstrom T., Pharoah P., Tammela T.L.J., Murtola T., Auvinen A., Burnet N., Barnett G., Andriole G., Klim A., Drake B.F., Borre M., Kerns S., Ostrer H., Zhang H.-W., Cao G., Lin J., Li M., Feng N., Li J., He W., Guo X., Sun Z., Guo J., Southey M.C., FitzGerald L.M., Marsden G., Gomez-Caamano A., Carballo A., Peleteiro P., Calvo P., Szulkin R., Llorca J., Dierssen-Sotos T., Gomez-Acebo I., Lin H.-Y., Ostrander E.A., Bisbjerg R., Klarskov P., Roder M.A., Iversen P., Holleczek B., Stegmaier C., Schnoeller T., Bohnert P., John E.M., Ost P., Teo S.-H., Gamulin M., and Kulis T.

Abstract

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Manuela Gago-Dominguez, which was incorrectly given as Manuela G. Dominguez. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.Copyright © 2019, The Author(s).

Published
2019

50. Ecological functions of agricultural soil bacteria and microeukaryotes in chitin degradation: A case study

Author

Wieczorek, A.S., Schmidt, O., Chatzinotas, Antonis, von Bergen, Martin, Gorissen, A., Kolb, S., Wieczorek, A.S., Schmidt, O., Chatzinotas, Antonis, von Bergen, Martin, Gorissen, A., and Kolb, S.

Abstract

Chitin provides a valuable carbon and nitrogen source for soil microorganisms and is a major component of particulate organic matter in agricultural soils. To date, there is no information on interaction and interdependence in chitin-degrading soil microbiomes. Since microbial chitin degradation occurs under both oxic and anoxic conditions and both conditions occur simultaneously in soil, the comparison of the active microbiome members under both conditions can reveal key players for the overall degradation in aerated soil. A time-resolved 16S rRNA stable isotope probing experiment was conducted with soil material from the top soil layer of a wheat-covered field. [13CU]-chitin was largely mineralized within 20 days under oxic conditions. Cellvibrio, Massilia, and several Bacteroidetes families were identified as initially active chitin degraders. Subsequently, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia were labeled by assimilation of 13C carbon either from [13CU]-chitin or from 13C-enriched components of primary chitin degraders. Bacterial predators (e.g., Bdellovibrio and Bacteriovorax) were labeled, too, and non-labeled microeukaryotic predators (Alveolata) increased their relative abundance toward the end of the experiment (70 days), indicating that chitin degraders were subject to predation. Trophic interactions differed substantially under anoxic and oxic conditions. Various fermentation types occurred along with iron respiration. While Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were the first taxa to be labeled, although at a low 13C level, Firmicutes and uncultured Bacteroidetes were predominantly labeled at a much higher 13C level during the later stages, suggesting that the latter two bacterial taxa were mainly responsible for the degradation of chitin and also provided substrates for iron reducers. Eventually, our study revealed that (1) hitherto unrecognized Bacteria were involved in a chitin-degrading microbial food web of an agricultural soil, (2) trophic interactions were

Published
2019

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