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1,033 results on '"Kokubo, Y."'

1. Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk in middle-aged adults: A large population-based prospective cohort study

Author

Tsugane, S., Sawada, N., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Yamaji, T., Shimazu, T., Hanaoka, T., Ogata, J., Baba, S., Mannami, T., Okayama, A., Kokubo, Y., Miyakawa, K., Saito, F., Koizumi, A., Sano, Y., Hashimoto, I., Ikuta, T., Tanaba, Y., Sato, H., Roppongi, Y., Takashima, T., Suzuki, H., Miyajima, Y., Suzuki, N., Nagasawa, S., Furusugi, Y., Nagai, N., Ito, Y., Komatsu, S., Minamizono, T., Sanada, H., Hatayama, Y., Kobayashi, F., Uchino, H., Shirai, Y., Kondo, T., Sasaki, R., Watanabe, Y., Miyagawa, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Machida, M., Kobayashi, K., Tsukada, M., Kishimoto, Y., Takara, E., Fukuyama, T., Kinjo, M., Irei, M., Sakiyama, H., Imoto, K., Yazawa, H., Seo, T., Seiko, A., Ito, F., Shoji, F., Saito, R., Murata, A., Minato, K., Motegi, K., Fujieda, T., Yamato, S., Matsui, K., Abe, T., Katagiri, M., Suzuki, M., Doi, M., Terao, A., Ishikawa, Y., Tagami, T., Sueta, H., Doi, H., Urata, M., Okamoto, N., Ide, F., Goto, H., Fujita, R., Onga, N., Takaesu, H., Uehara, M., Nakasone, T., Yamakawa, M., Horii, F., Asano, I., Yamaguchi, H., Aoki, K., Maruyama, S., Ichii, M., Takano, M., Tsubono, Y., Suzuki, K., Honda, Y., Yamagishi, K., Sakurai, S., Tsuchiya, N., Kabuto, M., Yamaguchi, M., Matsumura, Y., Sasaki, S., Watanabe, S., Akabane, M., Kadowaki, T., Inoue, M., Noda, M., Mizoue, T., Kawaguchi, Y., Takashima, Y., Yoshida, Y., Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Ishihara, J., Matsushima, S., Natsukawa, S., Shimizu, H., Sugimura, H., Tominaga, S., Hamajima, N., Iso, H., Sobue, T., Iida, M., Ajiki, W., Ioka, A., Sato, S., Maruyama, E., Konishi, M., Okada, K., Saito, I., Yasuda, N., Kono, S., Akiba, S., Isobe, T., Sato, Y., Shin, Sangah, Saito, Eiko, Sawada, Norie, Ishihara, Junko, Takachi, Ribeka, Nanri, Akiko, Shimazu, Taichi, Yamaji, Taiki, Iwasaki, Motoki, Sasazuki, Shizuka, Inoue, Manami, and Tsugane, Shoichiro

Published
2018
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2. Plasma levels of n-3 fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese: The Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) study

Author

Tsugane, S., Sawada, N., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Yamaji, T., Shimazu, T., Goto, A., Hidaka, A., Hanaoka, T., Ogata, J., Baba, S., Mannami, T., Okayama, A., Kokubo, Y., Miyakawa, K., Saito, F., Koizumi, A., Sano, Y., Hashimoto, I., Ikuta, T., Tanaba, Y., Sato, H., Roppongi, Y., Takashima, T., Suzuki, H., Miyajima, Y., Suzuki, N., Nagasawa, S., Furusugi, Y., Nagai, N., Ito, Y., Komatsu, S., Minamizono, T., Sanada, H., Hatayama, Y., Kobayashi, F., Uchino, H., Shirai, Y., Kondo, T., Sasaki, R., Watanabe, Y., Miyagawa, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Machida, M., Kobayashi, K., Tsukada, M., Kishimoto, Y., Takara, E., Fukuyama, T., Kinjo, M., Irei, M., Sakiyama, H., Imoto, K., Yazawa, H., Seo, T., Seiko, A., Ito, F., Shoji, F., Saito, R., Murata, A., Minato, K., Motegi, K., Fujieda, T., Yamato, S., Doi, M., Matsui, K., Abe, T., Katagiri, M., Suzuki, M., Terao, A., Ishikawa, Y., Tagami, T., Sueta, H., Doi, H., Urata, M., Okamoto, N., Ide, F., Goto, H., Fujita, R., Sou, Y., Onga, N., Takaesu, H., Uehara, M., Nakasone, T., Yamakawa, M., Horii, F., Asano, I., Yamaguchi, H., Aoki, K., Maruyama, S., Ichii, M., Takano, M., Tsubono, Y., Suzuki, K., Honda, Y., Yamagishi, K., Sakurai, S., Tsuchiya, N., Kabuto, M., Yamaguchi, M., Matsumura, Y., Sasaki, S., Watanabe, S., Akabane, M., Kadowaki, T., Inoue, M., Noda, M., Mizoue, T., Kawaguchi, Y., Takashima, Y., Yoshida, Y., Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Ishihara, J., Matsushima, S., Natsukawa, S., Shimizu, H., Sugimura, H., Tominaga, S., Hamajima, N., Iso, H., Sobue, T., Iida, M., Ajiki, W., Ioka, A., Sato, S., Maruyama, E., Konishi, M., Okada, K., Saito, I., Yasuda, N., Kono, S., Akiba, S., Isobe, T., Sato, Y., Hamazaki, Kei, Iso, Hiroyasu, Eshak, Ehab S., Ikehara, Satoyo, Ikeda, Ai, Iwasaki, Motoki, Hamazaki, Tomohito, and Tsugane, Shoichiro

Published
2018
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3. 2022 World Hypertension League, Resolve To Save Lives and International Society of Hypertension dietary sodium (salt) global call to action

Author

Campbell, NRC, Whelton, PK, Orias, M, Wainford, RD, Cappuccio, FP, Ide, N, Neal, B, Cohn, J, Cobb, LK, Webster, J, Trieu, K, He, FJ, McLean, RM, Blanco-Metzler, A, Woodward, M, Khan, N, Kokubo, Y, Nederveen, L, Arcand, J, MacGregor, GA, Owolabi, MO, Lisheng, L, Parati, G, Lackland, DT, Charchar, FJ, Williams, B, Tomaszewski, M, Romero, CA, Champagne, B, L'Abbe, MR, Weber, MA, Schlaich, MP, Fogo, A, Feigin, VL, Akinyemi, R, Inserra, F, Menon, B, Simas, M, Neves, MF, Hristova, K, Pullen, C, Pandeya, S, Ge, J, Jalil, JE, Wang, J-G, Wideimsky, J, Kreutz, R, Wenzel, U, Stowasser, M, Arango, M, Protogerou, A, Gkaliagkousi, E, Fuchs, FD, Patil, M, Chan, AW-K, Nemcsik, J, Tsuyuki, RT, Narasingan, SN, Sarrafzadegan, N, Ramos, ME, Yeo, N, Rakugi, H, Ramirez, AJ, Alvarez, G, Berbari, A, Kim, C-I, Ihm, S-H, Chia, Y-C, Unurjargal, T, Park, HK, Wahab, K, McGuire, H, Dashdorj, NJ, Ishaq, M, Ona, DID, Mercado-Asis, LB, Prejbisz, A, Leenaerts, M, Simao, C, Pinto, F, Almustafa, BA, Spaak, J, Farsky, S, Lovic, D, Zhang, X-H, Campbell, NRC, Whelton, PK, Orias, M, Wainford, RD, Cappuccio, FP, Ide, N, Neal, B, Cohn, J, Cobb, LK, Webster, J, Trieu, K, He, FJ, McLean, RM, Blanco-Metzler, A, Woodward, M, Khan, N, Kokubo, Y, Nederveen, L, Arcand, J, MacGregor, GA, Owolabi, MO, Lisheng, L, Parati, G, Lackland, DT, Charchar, FJ, Williams, B, Tomaszewski, M, Romero, CA, Champagne, B, L'Abbe, MR, Weber, MA, Schlaich, MP, Fogo, A, Feigin, VL, Akinyemi, R, Inserra, F, Menon, B, Simas, M, Neves, MF, Hristova, K, Pullen, C, Pandeya, S, Ge, J, Jalil, JE, Wang, J-G, Wideimsky, J, Kreutz, R, Wenzel, U, Stowasser, M, Arango, M, Protogerou, A, Gkaliagkousi, E, Fuchs, FD, Patil, M, Chan, AW-K, Nemcsik, J, Tsuyuki, RT, Narasingan, SN, Sarrafzadegan, N, Ramos, ME, Yeo, N, Rakugi, H, Ramirez, AJ, Alvarez, G, Berbari, A, Kim, C-I, Ihm, S-H, Chia, Y-C, Unurjargal, T, Park, HK, Wahab, K, McGuire, H, Dashdorj, NJ, Ishaq, M, Ona, DID, Mercado-Asis, LB, Prejbisz, A, Leenaerts, M, Simao, C, Pinto, F, Almustafa, BA, Spaak, J, Farsky, S, Lovic, D, and Zhang, X-H

Published
2023

8. Association of green tea consumption with mortality due to all causes and major causes of death in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Author

Tsugane, S., Sawada, N., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Yamaji, T., Shimazu, T., Hanaoka, T., Ogata, J., Baba, S., Mannami, T., Okayama, A., Kokubo, Y., Miyakawa, K., Saito, F., Koizumi, A., Sano, Y., Hashimoto, I., Ikuta, T., Tanaba, Y., Sato, H., Roppongi, Y., Takashima, T., Miyajima, Y., Suzuki, N., Nagasawa, S., Furusugi, Y., Nagai, N., Ito, Y., Komatsu, S., Minamizono, T., Sanada, H., Hatayama, Y., Kobayashi, F., Uchino, H., Shirai, Y., Kondo, T., Sasaki, R., Watanabe, Y., Miyagawa, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Machida, M., Kobayashi, K., Tsukada, M., Kishimoto, Y., Takara, E., Fukuyama, T., Kinjo, M., Irei, M., Sakiyama, H., Imoto, K., Yazawa, H., Seo, T., Seiko, A., Ito, F., Shoji, F., Saito, R., Murata, A., Minato, K., Motegi, K., Fujieda, T., Yamato, S., Matsui, K., Abe, T., Katagiri, M., Suzuki, M., Doi, M., Terao, A., Ishikawa, Y., Tagami, T., Sueta, H., Doi, H., Urata, M., Okamoto, N., Ide, F., Goto, H., Onga, N., Takaesu, H., Uehara, M., Nakasone, T., Yamakawa, M., Horii, F., Asano, I., Yamaguchi, H., Aoki, K., Maruyama, S., Ichii, M., Takano, M., Tsubono, Y., Suzuki, K., Honda, Y., Yamagishi, K., Sakurai, S., Tsuchiya, N., Kabuto, M., Yamaguchi, M., Matsumura, Y., Sasaki, S., Watanabe, S., Akabane, M., Kadowaki, T., Inoue, M., Noda, M., Mizoue, T., Kawaguchi, Y., Takashima, Y., Yoshida, Y., Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Ishihara, J., Matsushima, S., Natsukawa, S., Shimizu, H., Sugimura, H., Tominaga, S., Hamajima, N., Iso, H., Sobue, T., Iida, M., Ajiki, W., Ioka, A., Sato, S., Maruyama, E., Konishi, M., Okada, K., Saito, I., Yasuda, N., Kono, S., Akiba, S., Saito, Eiko, Inoue, Manami, Sawada, Norie, Shimazu, Taichi, Yamaji, Taiki, Iwasaki, Motoki, Sasazuki, Shizuka, Noda, Mitsuhiko, Iso, Hiroyasu, and Tsugane, Shoichiro

Published
2015
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9. Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Dorsey, ER, Elbaz, A, Nichols, E, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Adsuar, JC, Ansha, MG, Brayne, C, Choi, J-YJ, Collado-Mateo, D, Dahodwala, N, Huyen, PD, Edessa, D, Endres, M, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Foreman, KJ, Gbetoho Gankpe, F, Gupta, R, Hankey, GJ, Hay, SI, Hegazy, MI, Hibstu, DT, Kasaeian, A, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khang, Y-H, Kim, YJ, Kokubo, Y, Logroscino, G, Massano, J, Ibrahim, NM, Mohammed, AM, Mohammadi, A, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Binh, TN, Nirayo, YL, Ogbo, FA, Owolabi, MO, Pereira, DM, Postma, MJ, Qorbani, M, Rahman, MA, Roba, KT, Safari, H, Safiri, S, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Shafieesabet, A, Shiferaw, MS, Smith, M, Szoeke, CEI, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Nu, TT, Ukwaja, KN, Venketasubramanian, N, Villafaina, S, Weldegwergs, KG, Westerman, R, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, AS, Bach, TX, Yonemoto, N, Feigin, VL, Vos, T, and Murray, CJL

Subjects
Uncategorized
Abstract

[Background] Neurological disorders are now the leading source of disability globally, and ageing is increasing the burden of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. We aimed to determine the global burden of Parkinson's disease between 1990 and 2016 to identify trends and to enable appropriate public health, medical, and scientific responses. [Methods] Through a systematic analysis of epidemiological studies, we estimated global, regional, and country-specific prevalence and years of life lived with disability for Parkinson's disease from 1990 to 2016. We estimated the proportion of mild, moderate, and severe Parkinson's disease on the basis of studies that used the Hoehn and Yahr scale and assigned disability weights to each level. We jointly modelled prevalence and excess mortality risk in a natural history model to derive estimates of deaths due to Parkinson's disease. Death counts were multiplied by values from the Global Burden of Disease study's standard life expectancy to compute years of life lost. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were computed as the sum of years lived with disability and years of life lost. We also analysed results based on the Socio-demographic Index, a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. [Findings] In 2016, 6·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5·0–7·3) individuals had Parkinson's disease globally, compared with 2·5 million (2·0–3·0) in 1990. This increase was not solely due to increasing numbers of older people, because age-standardised prevalence rates increased by 21·7% (95% UI 18·1–25·3) over the same period (compared with an increase of 74·3%, 95% UI 69·2–79·6, for crude prevalence rates). Parkinson's disease caused 3·2 million (95% UI 2·6–4·0) DALYs and 211 296 deaths (95% UI 167 771–265 160) in 2016. The male-to-female ratios of age-standardised prevalence rates were similar in 2016 (1·40, 95% UI 1·36–1·43) and 1990 (1·37, 1·34–1·40). From 1990 to 2016, age-standardised prevalence, DALY rates, and death rates increased for all global burden of disease regions except for southern Latin America, eastern Europe, and Oceania. In addition, age-standardised DALY rates generally increased across the Socio-demographic Index. [Interpretation] Over the past generation, the global burden of Parkinson's disease has more than doubled as a result of increasing numbers of older people, with potential contributions from longer disease duration and environmental factors. Demographic and potentially other factors are poised to increase the future burden of Parkinson's disease substantially. [Finding] Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2023
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12. Alcohol consumption and bladder cancer risk with or without the flushing response: The Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Author

Masaoka, Hiroyuki, Matsuo, Keitaro, Sawada, Norie, Yamaji, Taiki, Goto, Atsushi, Shimazu, Taichi, Iwasaki, Motoki, Inoue, Manami, Eto, Masatoshi, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tsugane, S., Sawada, N., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Yamaji, T., Shimazu, T., Hanaoka, T., Ogata, J., Baba, S., Mannami, T., Okayama, A., Kokubo, Y., Miyakawa, K., Saito, F., Koizumi, A., Sano, Y., Hashimoto, I., Ikuta, T., Tanaba, Y., Sato, H., Roppongi, Y., Takashima, T., Suzuki, H., Miyajima, Y., Suzuki, N., Nagasawa, S., Furusugi, Y., Nagai, N., Ito, Y., Komatsu, S., Minamizono, T., Sanada, H., Hatayama, Y., Kobayashi, F., Uchino, H., Shirai, Y., Kondo, T., Sasaki, R., Watanabe, Y., Miyagawa, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Machida, M., Kobayashi, K., Tsukada, M., Kishimoto, Y., Takara, E., Fukuyama, T., Kinjo, M., Irei, M., Sakiyama, H., Imoto, K., Yazawa, H., Seo, T., Seiko, A., Ito, F., Shoji, F., Saito, R., Murata, A., Minato, K., Motegi, K., Fujieda, T., Yamato, S., Matsui, K., Abe, T., Katagiri, M., Suzuki, M., Matsui, K., Doi, M., Terao, A., Ishikawa, Y., Tagami, T., Sueta, H., Doi, H., Urata, M., Okamoto, N., Ide, F., Goto, H., Fujita, R, Sakiyama, H., Onga, N., Takaesu, H., Uehara, M., Nakasone, T., Yamakawa, M., Horii, F., Asano, I., Yamaguchi, H., Aoki, K., Maruyama, S., Ichii, M., Takano, M., Tsubono, Y., Suzuki, K., Honda, Y., Yamagishi, K., Sakurai, S., Tsuchiya, N., Kabuto, M., Yamaguchi, M., Matsumura, Y., Sasaki, S., Watanabe, S., Akabane, M., Kadowaki, T., Inoue, M., Noda, M., Mizoue, T., Kawaguchi, Y., Takashima, Y., Yoshida, Y., Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Ishihara, J., Matsushima, S., Natsukawa, S., Shimizu, H., Sugimura, H., Tominaga, S., Hamajima, N., Iso, H., Sobue, T., Iida, M., Ajiki, W., Ioka, A., Sato, S., Maruyama, E., Konishi, M., Okada, K., Saito, I., Yasuda, N., Kono, S., Akiba, S., Isobe, T., and Sato, Y.

Published
2017
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15. Smoking and alcohol and subsequent risk of myelodysplastic syndromes in Japan: the Japan Public Health Centre‐based Prospective Study

Author

Ugai, Tomotaka, Matsuo, Keitaro, Sawada, Norie, Iwasaki, Motoki, Yamaji, Taiki, Shimazu, Taichi, Sasazuki, Shizuka, Inoue, Manami, Kanda, Yoshinobu, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Hanaoka, T., Ogata, J., Baba, S., Mannami, T., Okayama, A., Kokubo, Y., Miyakawa, K., Saito, F., Koizumi, A., Sano, Y., Hashimoto, I., Ikuta, T., Tanaba, Y., Sato, H., Roppongi, Y., Takashima, T., Suzuki, H., Miyajima, Y., Suzuki, N, Nagasawa, S., Furusugi, Y., Nagai, N., Ito, Y., Komatsu, S., Minamizono, T., Sanada, H., Hatayama, Y., Kobayashi, F., Uchino, H., Shirai, Y., Kondo, T., Sasaki, R., Watanabe, Y., Miyagawa, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Machida, M., Kobayashi, K., Tsukada, M., Kishimoto, Y., Takara, E., Fukuyama, T., Kinjo, M., Irei, M., Sakiyama, H., Imoto, K., Yazawa, H., Seo, T., Seiko, A., Ito, F., Shoji, F., Saito, R., Murata, A., Minato, K., Motegi, K., Fujieda, T., Yamato, S., Matsui, K., Abe, T., Katagiri, M., Suzuki, M., Matsui, K., Doi, M., Terao, A., Ishikawa, Y., Tagami, T., Sueta, H., Doi, H., Urata, M., Okamoto, N., Ide, F., Goto, H., Fujita, R., Sakiyama, H., Onga, N., Takaesu, H., Uehara, M., Nakasone, T., Yamakawa, M., Horii, F., Asano, I., Yamaguchi, H., Aoki, K., Maruyama, S., Ichii, M., Takano, M., Tsubono, Y., Suzuki, K., Honda, Y., Yamagishi, K., Sakurai, S., Tsuchiya, N., Kabuto, M., Yamaguchi, M., Matsumura, Y., Sasaki, S., Watanabe, S., Akabane, M., Kadowaki, T., Noda, M., Mizoue, T., Kawaguchi, Y., Takashima, Y., Yoshida, Y., Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Ishihara, J., Matsushima, S., Natsukawa, S., Shimizu, H., Sugimura, H., Tominaga, S., Hamajima, N., Iso, H., Sobue, T., Iida, M., Ajiki, W., Ioka, A., Sato, S., Maruyama, E., Konishi, M., Okada, K., Saito, I., Yasuda, N., Kono, S., Akiba, S., Isobe, T., and Sato, Y.

Published
2017
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16. High serum total cholesterol is associated with suicide mortality in Japanese women

Author

Svensson, T., Inoue, M., Sawada, N., Charvat, H., Mimura, M., Tsugane, S., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Yamaji, T., Shimazu, T., Hanaoka, T., Ogata, J., Baba, S., Mannami, T., Okayama, A., Kokubo, Y., Miyakawa, K., Saito, F., Koizumi, A., Sano, Y., Hashimoto, I., Ikuta, T., Tanaba, Y., Sato, H., Roppongi, Y., Takashima, T., Suzuki, H., Miyajima, Y., Suzuki, N., Nagasawa, S., Furusugi, Y., Nagai, N., Ito, Y., Komatsu, S., Minamizono, T., Sanada, H., Hatayama, Y., Kobayashi, F., Uchino, H., Shirai, Y., Kondo, T., Sasaki, R., Watanabe, Y., Miyagawa, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Machida, M., Kobayashi, K., Tsukada, M., Kishimoto, Y., Takara, E., Fukuyama, T., Kinjo, M., Irei, M., Sakiyama, H., Imoto, K., Yazawa, H., Seo, T., Seiko, A., Ito, F., Shoji, F., Saito, R., Murata, A., Minato, K., Motegi, K., Fujieda, T., Yamato, S., Matsui, K., Abe, T., Katagiri, M., Suzuki, M., Matsui, K., Doi, M., Terao, A., Ishikawa, Y., Tagami, T., Sueta, H., Doi, H., Urata, M., Okamoto, N., Ide, F., Goto, H., Fujita, R, Sakiyama, H., Onga, N., Takaesu, H., Uehara, M., Nakasone, T., Yamakawa, M., Horii, F, Asano, I., Yamaguchi, H., Aoki, K., Maruyama, S., Ichii, M, Ichii, M, Takano, M., Tsubono, Y., Honda, Y., Yamagishi, K., Sakurai, S., Tsuchiya, N., Kabuto, M., Yamaguchi, M., Matsumura, Y., Sasaki, S., Watanabe, S., Akabane, M., Kadowaki, T., Noda, M., Mizoue, T., Kawaguchi, Y., Takashima, Y., Yoshida, Y., Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Ishihara, J., Matsushima, S., Natsukawa, S., Shimizu, H., Sugimura, H., Tominaga, S., Hamajima, N., Iso, H., Sobue, T., Iida, M., Ajiki, W., Ioka, A., Sato, S., Maruyama, E., Konishi, M., Okada, K., Saito, I., Yasuda, N., Kono, S., Akiba, S., Isobe, T., and Sato, Y.

Published
2017
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19. Coping strategies and risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective Study

Author

Svensson, Thomas, Inoue, Manami, Sawada, Norie, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Charvat, Hadrien, Saito, Isao, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Iso, Hiroyasu, Kawamura, Noriyuki, Shibuya, Kenji, Mimura, Masaru, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tsugane, S., Tsugane, S., Sawada, N., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Shimazu, T., Yamaji, T., Hanaoka, T., Ogata, J., Baba, S., Mannami, T., Okayama, A., Kokubo, Y., Miyakawa, K., Saito, F., Koizumi, A., Sano, Y., Hashimoto, I., Ikuta, T., Tanaba, Y., Sato, H., Roppongi, Y., Takashima, T., Miyajima, Y., Suzuki, N., Nagasawa, S., Furusugi, Y., Nagai, N., Ito, Y., Komatsu, S., Minamizono, T., Sanada, H., Hatayama, Y., Kobayashi, F., Uchino, H., Shirai, Y., Kondo, T., Sasaki, R., Watanabe, Y., Miyagawa, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Machida, M., Kobayashi, K., Tsukada, M., Kishimoto, Y., Takara, E., Fukuyama, T., Kinjo, M., Irei, M., Sakiyama, H., Imoto, K., Yazawa, H., Seo, T., Seiko, A., Ito, F., Shoji, F., Saito, R., Murata, A., Minato, K., Motegi, K., Fujieda, T., Yamato, S., Matsui, K., Abe, T., Katagiri, M., Suzuki, M., Matsui, K., Doi, M., Terao, A., Ishikawa, Y., Tagami, T., Sueta, H., Doi, H., Urata, M., Okamoto, N., Ide, F., Goto, H., Sakiyama, H., Onga, N., Takaesu, H., Uehara, M., Nakasone, T., Yamakawa, M., Horii, F., Asano, I., Yamaguchi, H., Aoki, K., Maruyama, S., Ichii, M., Takano, M., Tsubono, Y., Suzuki, K., Honda, Y., Yamagishi, K., Sakurai, S., Tsuchiya, N., Kabuto, M., Yamaguchi, M., Matsumura, Y., Sasaki, S., Watanabe, S., Akabane, M., Kadowaki, T., Inoue, M., Noda, M., Mizoue, T., Kawaguchi, Y., Takashima, Y., Yoshida, Y., Nakamura, K., Takachi, R., Ishihara, J., Matsushima, S., Natsukawa, S., Shimizu, H., Sugimura, H., Tominaga, S., Hamajima, N., Iso, H., Sobue, T., Iida, M., Ajiki, W., Ioka, A., Sato, S., Maruyama, E., Konishi, M., Okada, K., Saito, I., Yasuda, N., Kono, S., and Akiba, S.

Published
2016
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20. Carga global, regional y nacional de neurológicas. Desórdenes, 1990-2016: un análisis sistemático para el Global Estudio de la carga de enfermedad 2016

Author

Feigin V, Nichols E, Alam T, Bannick M, Beghi E, Blake N, Culpepper W, Dorsey E, Elbaz A, Ellenbogen R, Fisher J, Fitzmaurice C, Giussani G, Glennie L, James S, Johnson C, Kassebaum N, Logroscino G, Marin B, Mountjoy-Venning W, Nguyen M, Ofori-Asenso R, Patel A, Piccininni M, Roth G, Steiner T, Stovner L, Szoeke C, Theadom A, Vollset S, Wallin M, Wright C, Zunt J, Abbasi N, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Aboyans V, Abraha H, Acharya D, Adamu A, Adebayo O, Adeoye A, Adsuar J, Afarideh M, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmed M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aichour M, Akinyemi R, Akseer N, Al-Eyadhy A, Salman R, Alahdab F, Alene K, Aljunid S, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Anber N, Antonio C, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Arnlov J, Asayesh H, Asghar R, Atalay H, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Ayuk T, Badawi A, Banach M, Banoub J, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Barnighausen T, Baune B, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Bejot Y, Bekele B, Belachew A, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Beuran M, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bililign N, Bin Sayeed M, Blazes C, Brayne C, Butt Z, Campos-Nonato I, Cantu-Brito C, Car M, Cardenas R, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Castro F, Catala-Lopez F, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chang J, Chatziralli I, Chiang P, Christensen H, Christopher D, Cooper C, Cortesi P, Costa V, Criqui M, Crowe C, Damasceno A, Daryani A, De la Cruz-Gongora V, De la Hoz F, De Leo D, Degefa M, Demoz G, Deribe K, Dharmaratne S, Diaz D, Dinberu M, Djalalinia S, Doku D, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken E, Edvardsson D, El-Khatib Z, Endres M, Endries A, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Esteghamati S, Farhadi F, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Farzaei M, Fatima B, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Feyissa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Fukumoto T, Ganji M, Gankpe F, Garcia-Gordillo M, Gebre A, Gebremichael T, Gelaw B, Geleijnse J, Geremew D, Gezae K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Gidey M, Gill P, Gill T, Gnedovskaya E, Goulart A, Grada A, Grosso G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagos T, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hankey G, Hao Y, Haro J, Hassankhani H, Hassen H, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hegazy M, Heidari B, Henok A, Heydarpour F, Hoang C, Hole M, Rad E, Hosseini S, Hu G, Igumbor E, Ilesanmi O, Irvani S, Islam S, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jha R, Jobanputra Y, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Jurisson M, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kalkonde Y, Kamil T, Kanchan T, Karami M, Karch A, Karimi N, Kasaeian A, Kassa T, Kassa Z, Kaul A, Kefale A, Keiyoro P, Khader Y, Khafaie M, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khazaie H, Kiadaliri A, Kiirithio D, Kim A, Kim D, Kim Y, Kisa A, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Krishnamurthi R, Defo B, Bicer B, Kumar M, Lacey B, Lafranconi A, Lansingh V, Latifi A, Leshargie C, Li S, Liao Y, Linn S, Lo W, Lopez J, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lucas R, Lunevicius R, Mackay M, Mahotra N, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Manafi N, Mansournia M, Mantovani L, Marz W, Mashamba-Thompson T, Massenburg B, Mate K, McAlinden C, McGrath J, Mehta V, Meier T, Meles H, Melese A, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistu D, Mengistu G, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Mini G, Mirrakhimov E, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mezerji N, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Mohammadibakhsh R, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moraga P, Velasquez I, Morrison S, Mousavi S, Muhammed O, Muruet W, Musa K, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Nagel G, Naheed A, Naik G, Najafi F, Nangia V, Negoi I, Negoi R, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen C, Nguyen L, Ningrum D, Nirayo Y, Nixon M, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Shiadeh M, Nyasulu P, Ogbo F, Oh I, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, Onwujekwe O, Oren E, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pakpour A, Pan W, Panda-Jonas S, Pandian J, Patel S, Pereira D, Petzold M, Pillay J, Piradov M, Polanczyk G, Polinder S, Postma M, Poulton R, Poustchi H, Prakash S, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rajati F, Ram U, Ranta A, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Reinig N, Reis C, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaeian S, Rezai M, Gonzalez C, Roberts N, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roro E, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Sabbagh P, Sacco R, Sachdev P, Saddik B, Safari H, Safari-Faramani R, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Salamati P, Zahabi S, Salimi Y, Samy A, Sanabria J, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarvi S, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sawant A, Sawhney M, Schneider I, Schottker B, Schwebel D, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Shabaninejad H, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh M, Shakir R, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharif M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, She J, Sheikh A, Sheth K, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Siabani S, Siddiqi T, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silberberg D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobhani S, Soofi M, Soyiri I, Sposato L, Stein D, Stein M, Stokes M, Sufiyan M, Sykes B, Sylaja P, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Ao B, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah M, Temsah O, Thakur J, Thrift A, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada-Girbes M, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Tran K, Truelsen T, Tsadik A, Car L, Ukwaja K, Ullah I, Usman M, Uthman O, Valdez P, Vasankari T, Vasanthan R, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vosoughi K, Vu G, Vujcic I, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Weiderpass E, Weiss J, Whiteford H, Wijeratne T, Winkler A, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Xu G, Yadollahpour A, Yamada T, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yatsuya H, Yimer E, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zare Z, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Naghavi M, Murray C, Vos T, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, VU University medical center, Feigin V.L., Nichols E., Alam T., Bannick M.S., Beghi E., Blake N., Culpepper W.J., Dorsey E.R., Elbaz A., Ellenbogen R.G., Fisher J.L., Fitzmaurice C., Giussani G., Glennie L., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Logroscino G., Marin B., Mountjoy-Venning W.C., Nguyen M., Ofori-Asenso R., Patel A.P., Piccininni M., Roth G.A., Steiner T.J., Stovner L.J., Szoeke C.E.I., Theadom A., Vollset S.E., Wallin M.T., Wright C., Zunt J.R., Abbasi N., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Aboyans V., Abraha H.N., Acharya D., Adamu A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adeoye A.M., Adsuar J.C., Afarideh M., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Akinyemi R.O., Akseer N., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Shahi Salman R., Alahdab F., Alene K.A., Aljunid S.M., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Anber N.H., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Atalay H.T., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayuk T.B., Badawi A., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Baune B.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekele B.B., Belachew A.B., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Beuran M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bililign N., Bin Sayeed M.S., Blazes C.K., Brayne C., Butt Z.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cantu-Brito C., Car M., Cardenas R., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chang J.-C., Chatziralli I., Chiang P.P.-C., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper C., Cortesi P.A., Costa V.M., Criqui M.H., Crowe C.S., Damasceno A.A.M., Daryani A., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De La Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Degefa M.G., Demoz G.T., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Djalalinia S., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Edvardsson D., El-Khatib Z., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Farhadi F., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Farzaei M.H., Fatima B., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fukumoto T., Ganji M., Gankpe F.G., Garcia-Gordillo M.A., Gebre A.K., Gebremichael T.G., Gelaw B.K., Geleijnse J.M., Geremew D., Gezae K.E., Ghasemi-Kasman M., Gidey M.Y., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Gnedovskaya E.V., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grosso G., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hagos T.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Haro J.M., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hay S.I., Hegazy M.I., Heidari B., Henok A., Heydarpour F., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Homaie Rad E., Hosseini S.M., Hu G., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Javanbakht M., Jha R.P., Jobanputra Y.B., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kahsay A., Kalani R., Kalkonde Y., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Karch A., Karimi N., Kasaeian A., Kassa T.D., Kassa Z.Y., Kaul A., Kefale A.T., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khazaie H., Kiadaliri A.A., Kiirithio D.N., Kim A.S., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kokubo Y., Koyanagi A., Krishnamurthi R.V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kumar M., Lacey B., Lafranconi A., Lansingh V.C., Latifi A., Leshargie C.T., Li S., Liao Y., Linn S., Lo W.D., Lopez J.C.F., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lucas R.M., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Mahotra N.B., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Mantovani L.G., Marz W., Mashamba-Thompson T.P., Massenburg B.B., Mate K.K.V., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., Mehta V., Meier T., Meles H.G., Melese A., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mengistu G., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Mohajer B., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M., Mohammadibakhsh R., Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Mondello S., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradinazar M., Moraga P., Moreno Velasquez I., Morrison S.D., Mousavi S.M., Muhammed O.S., Muruet W., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Nagel G., Naheed A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nangia V., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Newton C.R.J., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen L.H., Ningrum D.N.A., Nirayo Y.L., Nixon M.R., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J., Nourollahpour Shiadeh M., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olivares P.R., Onwujekwe O.E., Oren E., Owolabi M.O., A M.P., Pakpour A.H., Pan W.-H., Panda-Jonas S., Pandian J.D., Patel S.K., Pereira D.M., Petzold M., Pillay J.D., Piradov M.A., Polanczyk G.V., Polinder S., Postma M.J., Poulton R., Poustchi H., Prakash S., Prakash V., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rajati F., Ram U., Ranta A., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Reinig N., Reis C., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Rezaeian S., Rezai M.S., Rios Gonzalez C.M., Roberts N.L.S., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roro E.M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Sabbagh P., Sacco R.L., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Safari H., Safari-Faramani R., Safi S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahathevan R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Salamati P., Salehi Zahabi S., Salimi Y., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santos I.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarvi S., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Sawant A.R., Sawhney M., Schneider I.J.C., Schottker B., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Sepanlou S.G., Shabaninejad H., Shafieesabet A., Shaikh M.A., Shakir R.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Sharif M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., She J., Sheikh A., Sheth K.N., Shigematsu M., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shiue I., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silberberg D.H., Silva J.P., Silveira D.G.A., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Smith M., Sobaih B.H., Sobhani S., Soofi M., Soyiri I.N., Sposato L.A., Stein D.J., Stein M.B., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Sykes B.L., Sylaja P., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Te Ao B.J., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M.-H., Temsah O., Thakur J.S., Thrift A.G., Topor-Madry R., Tortajada-Girbes M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Truelsen T.C., Tsadik A.G., Tudor Car L., Ukwaja K.N., Ullah I., Usman M.S., Uthman O.A., Valdez P.R., Vasankari T.J., Vasanthan R., Veisani Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vosoughi K., Vu G.T., Vujcic I.S., Wagnew F.S., Waheed Y., Wang Y.-P., Weiderpass E., Weiss J., Whiteford H.A., Wijeratne T., Winkler A.S., Wiysonge C.S., Wolfe C.D.A., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yamada T., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yatsuya H., Yimer E.M., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zare Z., Zhang Y., Zodpey S., Naghavi M., Murray C.J.L., Vos T., Public Health, Feigin, Valery L, Nichols, Emma, Alam, Tahiya, Bannick, Marlena S, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Yisma, Engida, Vos, Theo, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Viðskiptadeild (HR), School of Business (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, Feigin, V, Nichols, E, Alam, T, Bannick, M, Beghi, E, Blake, N, Culpepper, W, Dorsey, E, Elbaz, A, Ellenbogen, R, Fisher, J, Fitzmaurice, C, Giussani, G, Glennie, L, James, S, Johnson, C, Kassebaum, N, Logroscino, G, Marin, B, Mountjoy-Venning, W, Nguyen, M, Ofori-Asenso, R, Patel, A, Piccininni, M, Roth, G, Steiner, T, Stovner, L, Szoeke, C, Theadom, A, Vollset, S, Wallin, M, Wright, C, Zunt, J, Abbasi, N, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Aboyans, V, Abraha, H, Acharya, D, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adeoye, A, Adsuar, J, Afarideh, M, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Alahdab, F, Alene, K, Aljunid, S, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Anber, N, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Asayesh, H, Asghar, R, Atalay, H, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayuk, T, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banoub, J, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Baune, B, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Beuran, M, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Blazes, C, Brayne, C, Butt, Z, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, J, Chatziralli, I, Chiang, P, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Cooper, C, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Criqui, M, Crowe, C, Damasceno, A, Daryani, A, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Demoz, G, Deribe, K, Dharmaratne, S, Diaz, D, Dinberu, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Edvardsson, D, El-Khatib, Z, Endres, M, Endries, A, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Farhadi, F, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzaei, M, Fatima, B, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Ganji, M, Gankpe, F, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gebre, A, Gebremichael, T, Gelaw, B, Geleijnse, J, Geremew, D, Gezae, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Gidey, M, Gill, P, Gill, T, Girma, E, Gnedovskaya, E, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hagos, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Hao, Y, Haro, J, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hegazy, M, Heidari, B, Henok, A, Heydarpour, F, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Homaie Rad, E, Hosseini, S, Hu, G, Igumbor, E, Ilesanmi, O, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Jakovljevic, M, Javanbakht, M, Jha, R, Jobanputra, Y, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamil, T, Kanchan, T, Karami, M, Karch, A, Karimi, N, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, T, Kassa, Z, Kaul, A, Kefale, A, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Khazaie, H, Kiadaliri, A, Kiirithio, D, Kim, A, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Krishnamurthi, R, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kumar, M, Lacey, B, Lafranconi, A, Lansingh, V, Latifi, A, Leshargie, C, Li, S, Liao, Y, Linn, S, Lo, W, Lopez, J, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lucas, R, Lunevicius, R, Mackay, M, Mahotra, N, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, März, W, Mashamba-Thompson, T, Massenburg, B, Mate, K, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mehta, V, Meier, T, Meles, H, Melese, A, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengistu, D, Mengistu, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirrakhimov, E, Moazen, B, Mohajer, B, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, M, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moraga, P, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morrison, S, Mousavi, S, Muhammed, O, Muruet, W, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Nagel, G, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Newton, C, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, L, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Nixon, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M, Nyasulu, P, Ogah, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olivares, P, Onwujekwe, O, Oren, E, Owolabi, M, Pa, M, Pakpour, A, Pan, W, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandian, J, Patel, S, Pereira, D, Petzold, M, Pillay, J, Piradov, M, Polanczyk, G, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Poulton, R, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Prakash, V, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rajati, F, Ram, U, Ranta, A, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Reis, C, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaeian, S, Rezai, M, Rios González, C, Roberts, N, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Sabbagh, P, Sacco, R, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Safari, H, Safari-Faramani, R, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Salamati, P, Salehi Zahabi, S, Salimi, Y, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santos, I, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Sawant, A, Sawhney, M, Schneider, I, Schöttker, B, Schwebel, D, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shafieesabet, A, Shaikh, M, Shakir, R, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharif, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, She, J, Sheikh, A, Sheth, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silberberg, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Smith, M, Sobaih, B, Sobhani, S, Soofi, M, Soyiri, I, Sposato, L, Stein, D, Stein, M, Stokes, M, Sufiyan, M, Sykes, B, Sylaja, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Te Ao, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Temsah, O, Thakur, J, Thrift, A, Topor-Madry, R, Tortajada-Girbés, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tran, K, Truelsen, T, Tsadik, A, Tudor Car, L, Ukwaja, K, Ullah, I, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Vasanthan, R, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Weiderpass, E, Weiss, J, Whiteford, H, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, A, Wiysonge, C, Wolfe, C, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamada, T, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yatsuya, H, Yimer, E, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zare, Z, Zhang, Y, Zodpey, S, Naghavi, M, Murray, C, Vos, T, PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, Neurologian yksikkö, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, II kirurgian klinikka, and HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center

Subjects
Dánarmein, Male, Epidemiology, Diseases, Malalties cerebrals, Global Burden of Disease, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Case fatality rate, Psychology, Konur, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Incidence, Men, Taugavísindi, ddc, 3. Good health, Sálfræði, World health, Muerte, Neurology, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Brain diseases, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Alzheimer disease, Carga global de enfermedades, Nervous system, medicine.medical_specialty, Global burden of diseases, Lífsgæði, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Health Sciences, Humans, Women, education, Trastornos neurológicos, VLAG, Aged, Science & Technology, 3112 Neurosciences, Global Burden of Diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Years of potential life lost, Επιστήμες Υγείας, Dementia, Human medicine, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Clinical Medicine, 1109 Neurosciences, Neurological disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, dementia, RC, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Dánartíðni, Nutrition and Disease, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Disease Study, Taugasjúkdómar, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, Cause of Death, Global health, Prevalence, Causes of death, Public health, Mortality rate, Mental Disorders, Age Factors, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Middle Aged, neurologic disease, Death, Lýðheilsa, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Quality of life, Adult, Population, Clinical Neurology, Sex Factors, medicine, Life Science, Disability-adjusted life year, Medicine [Science], Mortality, Psychiatry, Disease burden, Neurology & Neurosurgery, burden of neurological disorders, Faraldsfræði, business.industry, Klinisk medicin, Causes de la mort, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Socioeconomic Factors, Karlar, global disease burden, Nervous System Diseases, Cause of death/trends, business
Abstract

Publisher´s version (útgefin grein)., Background Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer’s and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies., ROA is funded by the National Institutes of Health (U01HG010273). SMA acknowledges the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia and Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. AAw acknowledges funding support from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, through INSPIRE Faculty scheme. TBA acknowledges partial funding from the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies. ABa is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. TWB was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor Award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. MSBS acknowledges support from the Australian Government Research and Training Program scholarship for a PhD degree at the Australian National University, Australia. JJC is supported by the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation. FCar is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. EC is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT3 140100085). KD is supported by a Wellcome Trust [Grant Number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. EF is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. SMSI is funded by the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University and received funding from High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. YKa is a DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow in Public Health. YJK is supported by the Office of Research and Innovation at Xiamen University Malaysia. BL acknowledges funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. WDL is supported in part by U10NS086484 NINDS. SLo is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1411A). RML is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. AMa and the Imperial College London are grateful for support from the NW London NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care. JJM is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and the John Cade Fellowship (APP1056929) from NHMRC. TMei acknowledges additional institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig. IMV is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (Panama). MOO is supported by SIREN U54 U54HG007479 and SIBS Genomics R01NS107900 grants. AMS was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. MMSM acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (contract no 175087). AShe is supported by Health Data Research UK. MBS' work on traumatic brain injury is supported by grants NIH U01 NS086090 (PI G Manley) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and DoD W81XWH-14-2-0176 (PI G Manley) from the United States Department of Defense. RTS is supported in part by grant number PROMETEOII/2015/021 from Generalitat Valenciana and the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIIIFEDER. AGT was supported by a Fellowship from the NHMRC (Australia; 1042600. KBT acknowledges funding supports from the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, Cancer Society of New Zealand, Health Research Council, Gut Cancer Foundation, and the University of Auckland. CY acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81773552) and the Chinese NSFC International Cooperation and Exchange Program (grant number 71661167007)., "Peer Reviewed"

Published
2019

21. Contributor contact details

Author

Kohjiya, Emeritus S., primary, Ikeda, Y., additional, Cornish, K., additional, Puskas, J.E., additional, Chiang, K., additional, Barkakaty, B., additional, Phinyocheep, P., additional, Toki, S., additional, Tohsan, A., additional, Kato, A., additional, Kokubo, Y., additional, Tsushi, R., additional, Nakao, T., additional, Kohjiya, Emeritus S., additional, Nair, A.B., additional, Joseph, R., additional, Nunes, R.C.R., additional, Poompradub, S., additional, Hirata, Y., additional, Kondo, H., additional, Ozawa, Y., additional, Hashim, A.S., additional, Ong, S.K., additional, Fukahori, Y., additional, Isayev, A., additional, and Palosuo, T., additional

Published
2014
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23. Stroke Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: International Expert Panel Review

Author

Venketasubramanian, N. Anderson, C. Ay, H. Aybek, S. Brinjikji, W. De Freitas, G.R. Del Brutto, O.H. Fassbender, K. Fujimura, M. Goldstein, L.B. Haberl, R.L. Hankey, G.J. Heiss, W.-D. Lestro Henriques, I. Kase, C.S. Kim, J.S. Koga, M. Kokubo, Y. Kuroda, S. Lee, K. Lee, T.-H. Liebeskind, D.S. Lip, G.Y.H. Meairs, S. Medvedev, R. Mehndiratta, M.M. Mohr, J.P. Nagayama, M. Pantoni, L. Papanagiotou, P. Parrilla, G. Pastori, D. Pendlebury, S.T. Pettigrew, L.C. Renjen, P.N. Rundek, T. Schminke, U. Shinohara, Y. Tang, W.K. Toyoda, K. Wartenberg, K.E. Wasay, M. Hennerici, M.G.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed a tremendous strain on healthcare services. This study, prepared by a large international panel of stroke experts, assesses the rapidly growing research and personal experience with COVID-19 stroke and offers recommendations for stroke management in this challenging new setting: modifications needed for prehospital emergency rescue and hyperacute care; inpatient intensive or stroke units; posthospitalization rehabilitation; follow-up including at-risk family and community; and multispecialty departmental developments in the allied professions. Summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 uses spike proteins binding to tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 receptors, most often through the respiratory system by virus inhalation and thence to other susceptible organ systems, leading to COVID-19. Clinicians facing the many etiologies for stroke have been sobered by the unusual incidence of combined etiologies and presentations, prominent among them are vasculitis, cardiomyopathy, hypercoagulable state, and endothelial dysfunction. International standards of acute stroke management remain in force, but COVID-19 adds the burdens of personal protections for the patient, rescue, and hospital staff and for some even into the postdischarge phase. For pending COVID-19 determination and also for those shown to be COVID-19 affected, strict infection control is needed at all times to reduce spread of infection and to protect healthcare staff, using the wealth of well-described methods. For COVID-19 patients with stroke, thrombolysis and thrombectomy should be continued, and the usual early management of hypertension applies, save that recent work suggests continuing ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Prothrombotic states, some acute and severe, encourage prophylactic LMWH unless bleeding risk is high. COVID-19-related cardiomyopathy adds risk of cardioembolic stroke, where heparin or warfarin may be preferable, with experience accumulating with DOACs. As ever, arteritis can prove a difficult diagnosis, especially if not obvious on the acute angiogram done for clot extraction. This field is under rapid development and may generate management recommendations which are as yet unsettled, even undiscovered. Beyond the acute management phase, COVID-19-related stroke also forces rehabilitation services to use protective precautions. As with all stroke patients, health workers should be aware of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and/or distress developing in their patients and caregivers. Postdischarge outpatient care currently includes continued secondary prevention measures. Although hoping a COVID-19 stroke patient can be considered cured of the virus, those concerned for contact safety can take comfort in the increasing use of telemedicine, which is itself a growing source of patient-physician contacts. Many online resources are available to patients and physicians. Like prior challenges, stroke care teams will also overcome this one. Key Messages: Evidence-based stroke management should continue to be provided throughout the patient care journey, while strict infection control measures are enforced. © 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel. Copyright: All rights reserved.

Published
2021

26. Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7))

Author

Roth G. A., Roth, G, Abate, D, Abate, K, Abay, S, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, H, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abejie, A, Abera, S, Abil, O, Abraha, H, Abrham, A, Abu-Raddad, L, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adedoyin, R, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adhena, B, Adib, M, Admasie, A, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, K, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alene, K, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Aminde, L, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Animut, M, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, H, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Atre, S, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayele, Y, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, P, Babazadeh, A, Bacha, U, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Bali, A, Ballesteros, K, Banach, M, Banerjee, K, Bannick, M, Banoub, J, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, B, Baynes, H, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bejot, Y, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Belay, E, Belay, Y, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berman, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Bertolacci, G, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhalla, A, Bhattarai, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Biehl, M, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Bisanzio, D, Biswas, T, Blacker, B, Basara, B, Borschmann, R, Bosetti, C, Bozorgmehr, K, Brady, O, Brant, L, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Briant, P, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Callender, C, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cano, J, Car, M, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Castle, C, Castro, C, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, J, Charlson, F, Chaturvedi, P, Chiang, P, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Cohen, A, Cooper, L, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Cousin, E, Cowie, B, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crowe, C, Crump, J, Cunningham, M, Daba, A, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dang, A, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Das, S, Gupta, R, Neves, J, Dasa, T, Dash, A, Davis, A, Davis Weaver, N, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, De La Hoz, F, De Neve, J, Degefa, M, Degenhardt, L, Degfie, T, Deiparine, S, Demoz, G, Demtsu, B, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Des Jarlais, D, Dessie, G, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dicker, D, Dinberu, M, Ding, E, Dirac, M, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Doku, D, Donnelly, C, Dorsey, E, Doshi, P, Douwes-Schultz, D, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi, H, Ebrahimpour, S, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Eggen, A, El Bcheraoui, C, El Sayed Zaki, M, El-Khatib, Z, Elkout, H, Ellingsen, C, Endres, M, Endries, A, Er, B, Erskine, H, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeili, R, Esteghamati, A, Fakhar, M, Fakhim, H, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Farhadi, F, Farinha, C, Faro, A, Farvid, M, Farzadfar, F, Farzaei, M, Feigin, V, Feigl, A, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Ferrari, A, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Finegold, S, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Fornari, C, Frank, T, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, J, Fullman, N, Furst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, W, Gebre, A, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremedhin, A, Gebremichael, B, Gebremichael, T, Gelano, T, Geleijnse, J, Genova-Maleras, R, Geramo, Y, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadami, M, Ghadimi, R, Ghasemi Falavarjani, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Ghimire, M, Gibney, K, 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Abstract

GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1736–88—The bottom row in figure 7 was cut off. This correction has been made to the online version as of Nov 9, 2018, and has been made to the printed Article.

Published
2018

27. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Kyu, H, Abate, D, Abate, K, Abay, S, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abil, O, Aboyans, V, Abrham, A, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Ackerman, I, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, O, Adib, M, Adsuar, J, Afanvi, K, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, K, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, S, Alene, K, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aminde, L, Amini, E, Amiresmaili, M, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Animut, M, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, P, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H, Balakrishnan, K, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banoub, J, Barac, A, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Bekru, E, Belachew, A, Belay, Y, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhala, N, Bhatt, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Biehl, M, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Bisanzio, D, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Bobasa, E, Bou-Orm, I, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brady, O, Brant, L, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Briant, P, Briko, A, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Buchbinder, R, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cano, J, Cardenas, R, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Rivas, J, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cercy, K, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, J, Charlson, F, Chattu, V, Chiang, P, Chitheer, A, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Cirillo, M, Collado-Mateo, D, Cooper, C, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Cousin, E, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Cross, M, Crump, J, Daba, A, Dachew, B, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Das Gupta, R, Das Neves, J, Dasa, T, Davitoiu, D, De La Hoz, F, De Leo, D, De Neve, J, De Steur, H, Degefa, M, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Des Jarlais, D, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Dinberu, M, Dirac, M, Djalalinia, S, Doan, L, Dokova, K, Doku, D, Dorsey, E, Doyle, K, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi, H, Ebrahimpour, S, Echko, M, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Effiong, A, Eggen, A, Ehrlich, J, El Bcheraoui, C, El-Khatib, Z, Elyazar, I, Enayati, A, Endalifer, M, Endries, A, Er, B, Erskine, H, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Fakhim, H, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Farhadi, F, Farid, T, Sa Farinha, C, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fazaeli, A, Feigin, V, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Ferrari, A, Ferreira, M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frank, T, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Furst, T, Furtado, J, Gakidou, E, Gall, S, Gallus, S, Ganji, M, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gardner, W, Gebre, A, Gebremedhin, A, Gebremichael, T, Gelano, T, Geleijnse, J, Genova-Maleras, R, Geramo, Y, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadami, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Ghimire, M, Ghoshal, A, Gill, P, Gill, T, Ginawi, I, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, E, Goldberg, E, Goli, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorman, T, Goulart, A, Goulart, B, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Gugnani, H, Guillemin, F, Guo, Y, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gutierrez, R, Gyawali, B, Haagsma, J, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, H, Hagos, T, Hailegiyorgis, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Hao, Y, Harb, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haririan, H, Haro, J, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, R, Hay, S, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A, Heibati, B, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Heydarpour, P, Hibstu, D, Hoek, H, Hoffman, H, Hole, M, Rad, E, Hoogar, P, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, S, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, P, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Htet, A, Huang, J, Iburg, K, Ikeda, C, Ilesanmi, O, Irvani, S, Irvine, C, Islam, S, Islami, F, Jacobsen, K, Jahangiry, L, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, S, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Johnson, C, Jonas, J, Jonnagaddala, J, Shushtari, Z, Joshi, A, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Kanchan, T, Kar, C, Karami, M, Karami Matin, B, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, N, Karimi, S, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, D, Kassa, G, Kassa, T, Kassebaum, N, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazemi, Z, Kazemi Karyani, A, Keighobadi, M, Keiyoro, P, Kemmer, L, Kemp, G, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Khader, Y, Khafaei, B, Khafaie, M, Khajavi, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khater, M, Khazaei, M, Khoja, A, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, M, Kiadaliri, A, Kidanemariam, Z, Kiirithio, D, Kim, C, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Knudsen, A, Kocarnik, J, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Kolola, T, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Kotsakis, G, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnaswami, S, Krohn, K, Defo, B, Bicer, B, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kuzin, I, Lad, D, Lad, S, Lafranconi, A, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lami, F, Lang, J, Langan, S, Lansingh, V, Latifi, A, Lau, K, Lazarus, J, Leasher, J, Ledesma, J, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leili, M, Leshargie, C, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liao, Y, Liben, M, Lim, L, Lim, S, Limenih, M, Linn, S, Liu, S, Looker, K, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lucas, T, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Ma, S, Macarayan, E, Mackay, M, Maddison, E, Madotto, F, Maghavani, D, Mai, H, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manda, A, Manguerra, H, Mansournia, M, Mantilla Herrera, A, Mantovani, L, Maravilla, J, Marcenes, W, Marks, A, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, Marz, W, Marzan, M, Massano, J, Massenburg, B, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mcmahon, B, Mehata, S, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, K, Mehta, V, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mekonen, T, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengistu, G, Mensah, G, Mereta, S, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Millear, A, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirarefin, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mitchell, P, Mitiku, H, Moazen, B, Mohajer, B, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montanez, J, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Velasquez, I, Morgado-Da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Moschos, M, Mousavi, S, Mruts, K, Muche, A, Muchie, K, Mueller, U, Muhammed, O, Mukhopadhyay, S, Muller, K, Mumford, J, Murthy, G, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, A, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nam, H, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Neamati, N, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Neupane, S, Newton, C, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, A, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, H, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, M, Nguyen, N, Nguyen, S, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nixon, M, Nomura, S, Noroozi, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nouri, H, Shiadeh, M, Nowroozi, M, Nsoesie, E, Nyasulu, P, Odell, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olivares, P, Olsen, H, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Ong, K, Ong, S, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Ota, E, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, P, Pacella, R, Pakhare, A, Pakpour, A, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E, Park, J, Parry, C, Parsian, H, Pasdar, Y, Patel, S, Patil, S, Patle, A, Patton, G, Paturi, V, Paudel, D, Paulson, K, Pearce, N, Pereira, A, Pereira, D, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Pishgar, F, Plana-Ripoll, O, Polinder, S, Popova, S, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prabhakaran, D, Prakash, S, Prakash, V, Prasad, N, Purcell, C, Qorbani, M, Quistberg, D, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, K, Rahimi, Z, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Ur Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajati, F, Ranjan, P, Rao, P, Rasella, D, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reddy, K, Reiner, R, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Roberts, N, Robinson, S, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Sachdev, P, Sadat, N, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, H, Safari, Y, Safari-Faramani, R, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, H, Salam, N, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Saleem, Z, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, J, Salvi, S, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Nino, M, Santomauro, D, Santos, I, Santos, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sao Jose, B, Sardana, M, Sarker, A, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Sawant, A, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Schaeffner, E, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Scott, J, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Seyedmousavi, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shafieesabet, A, Shahbazi, M, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsi, M, Sharafi, H, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, M, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shokoohinia, Y, Shokraneh, F, Shoman, H, Shrime, M, Si, S, Siabani, S, Sibai, A, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Singam, N, Singh, J, Singh, N, Singh, V, Sinha, D, 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H., Abate D., Abate K. H., Abay S. M., Abbafati C., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdela J., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R. S., Abebe M., Abebe Z., Abil O. Z., Aboyans V., Abrham A. R., Abu-Raddad L. J., Abu-Rmeileh N. M. E., Accrombessi M. M. K., Acharya D., Acharya P., Ackerman I. N., Adamu A. A., Adebayo O. M., Adekanmbi V., Ademi Z., Adetokunboh O. O., Adib M. G., Adsuar J. C., Afanvi K. A., Afarideh M., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agesa K. M., Aggarwal R., Aghayan S. A., Agrawal A., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi M., Ahmadieh H., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed S., Aichour A. N., Aichour I., Aichour M. T. E., Akinyemiju T., Akseer N., Al-Aly Z., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Mekhlafi H. M., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alahdab F., Alam K., Alam T., Alashi A., Alavian S. M., Alene K. A., Alijanzadeh M., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Aljunid S. M., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Alonso J., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Aminde L. N., Amini E., Amiresmaili M., Ammar W., Amoako Y. A., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Androudi S., Animut M. D., Anjomshoa M., Ansha M. G., Antonio C. A. T., Anwari P., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Arora A., Arora M., Artaman A., Aryal K. K., Asayesh H., Ataro Z., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E. F. G. A., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayer R., Azzopardi P. S., Babazadeh A., Badali H., Balakrishnan K., Bali A. G., Banach M., Banoub J. A. M., Barac A., Barboza M. A., Barker-Collo S. L., Barnighausen T. W., Barquera S., Barrero L. H., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Bedi N., Beghi E., Behzadifar M., Bekele B. B., Bekru E. T., Belachew A. B., Belay Y. A., Bell M. L., Bello A. K., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berhane A., Bernabe E., Bernstein R. S., Beuran M., Beyranvand T., Bhala N., Bhatt S., Bhaumik S., Bhutta Z. A., Biadgo B., Biehl M. H., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Bilano V., Bililign N., Bin Sayeed M. S., Bisanzio D., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Bobasa E. M., Bou-Orm I. R., Boufous S., Bourne R., Brady O. J., Brant L. C., Brayne C., Brazinova A., Breitborde N. J. K., Brenner H., Briant P. S., Briko A. N., Britton G., Brugha T., Buchbinder R., Busse R., Butt Z. A., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Campuzano Rincon J. C., Cano J., Cardenas R., Carrero J. J., Carter A., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Rivas J. C., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cercy K. M., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chang J. -C., Charlson F. J., Chattu V. K., Chiang P. P. -C., Chitheer A., Choi J. -Y. J., Christensen H., Christopher D. J., Chung S. -C., Cicuttini F. M., Cirillo M., Collado-Mateo D., Cooper C., Cortesi P. A., Cortinovis M., Cousin E., Criqui M. H., Cromwell E. A., Cross M., Crump J. A., Daba A. K., Dachew B. A., Dadi A. F., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dargan P. I., Daryani A., Das Gupta R., Das Neves J., Dasa T. T., Davitoiu D. V., De La Hoz F. P., De Leo D., De Neve J. -W., De Steur H., Degefa M. G., Degenhardt L., Deiparine S., Demoz G. T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Dervenis N., Des Jarlais D. C., Dey S., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Dinberu M. T., Dirac M. 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A., Pacella R., Pakhare A. P., Pakpour A. H., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Park E. -K., Park J., Parry C. D. H., Parsian H., Pasdar Y., Patel S., Patil S. T., Patle A., Patton G. C., Paturi V. R., Paudel D., Paulson K. R., Pearce N., Pereira A., Pereira D. M., Perico N., Pesudovs K., Petzold M., Pham H. Q., Phillips M. R., Pigott D. M., Pillay J. D., Piradov M. A., Pirsaheb M., Pishgar F., Plana-Ripoll O., Polinder S., Popova S., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prabhakaran D., Prakash S., Prakash V., Prasad N., Purcell C. A., Qorbani M., Quistberg D. A., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi K., Rahimi Z., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Ur Rahman M. H., Rahman M. A., Rahman S. U., Rai R. K., Rajati F., Ranjan P., Rao P. C., Rasella D., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reddy K. S., Reiner R. C., Reitsma M. B., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A. M. N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei S., Rezai M. S., Ribeiro A. L. P., Roberts N. L. S., Robinson S. R., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Roth G. A., Rothenbacher D., Rubagotti E., Sachdev P. S., Sadat N., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Safari H., Safari Y., Safari-Faramani R., Safdarian M., Safi S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M. A., Sajadi H. S., Salam N., Salama J. S., Salamati P., Saleem Z., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J. A., Salvi S. S., Salz I., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanchez-Nino M. D., Santomauro D. F., Santos I. S., Santos J. V., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sao Jose B. P., Sardana M., Sarker A. R., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarvi S., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Sawant A. R., Sawhney M., Saxena S., Schaeffner E., Schmidt M. I., Schneider I. J. C., Schutte A. E., Schwebel D. C., Schwendicke F., Scott J. G., Sekerija M., Sepanlou S. G., Servan-Mori E., Seyedmousavi S., Shabaninejad H., Shafieesabet A., Shahbazi M., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M., Sharafi H., Sharafi K., Sharif M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., Sharma J., Sharma R., She J., Sheikh A., Shi P., Shibuya K., Shiferaw M. S., Shigematsu M., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shiue I., Shokoohinia Y., Shokraneh F., Shoman H., Shrime M. G., Si S., Siabani S., Sibai A. M., Siddiqi T. J., Sigfusdottir I. D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D. A. S., Silva J. P., Silveira D. G. A., Singam N. S. V., Singh J. A., Singh N. P., Singh V., Sinha D. N., Skiadaresi E., Skirbekk V., Sliwa K., Smith D. L., Smith M., Filho A. M. S., Sobaih B. H., Sobhani S., Soofi M., Sorensen R. J. D., Soyiri I. N., Sposato L. A., Sreeramareddy C. T., Srinivasan V., Stanaway J. D., Starodubov V. I., Stein D. J., Steiner C., Steiner T. J., Stokes M. A., Stovner L. J., Subart M. L., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M. B., Sulo G., Sunguya B. F., Sur P. J., Sykes B. L., Sylaja P. N., Sylte D. O., Szoeke C. E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S. K., Tandon N., Tassew S. G., Tavakkoli M., Taveira N., Taylor H. R., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalign T. G., Tekelemedhin S. W., Tekle M. G., Temsah M. -H., Temsah O., Terkawi A. S., Tessema B., Teweldemedhin M., Thankappan K. R., Theis A., Thirunavukkarasu S., Thomas N., Tilahun B., To Q. G., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Torre A. E., Tortajada-Girbes M., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Towbin J. A., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Troeger C. E., Tsadik A. G., Tsoi D., Tudor Car L., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K. N., Ullah I., Undurraga E. A., Updike R. L., Usman M. S., Uthman O. A., Vaduganathan M., Vaezi A., Valdez P. R., Varavikova E., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Villafaina S., Violante F. S., Vladimirov S. K., Vlassov V., Vollset S. E., Vos T., Vosoughi K., Vujcic I. S., Wagnew F. S., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R. G., Weiss D. J., Weldegebreal F., Weldegwergs K. G., Werdecker A., West T. E., Westerman R., Whiteford H. A., Widecka J., Wijeratne T., Williams H. C., Wilner L. B., Wilson S., Winkler A. S., Wiyeh A. B., Wiysonge C. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Woolf A. D., Wyper G. M. A., Xavier D., Xu G., Yadgir S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamada T., Yan L. L., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yasin Y. J., Yeshaneh A., Yimer E. M., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Yotebieng M., Younis M. Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zadnik V., Zaidi Z., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zar H. J., Zenebe Z. M., Zipkin B., Zhou M., Zodpey S., Zucker I., Zuhlke L. J., and Murray C. J. L.

Abstract

Background: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severityof ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-speci?c mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased

Published
2018

29. May measurement month 2019: The global blood pressure screening campaign of the international society of hypertension

Author

Beaney, T. Schutte, A.E. Stergiou, G.S. Borghi, C. Burger, D. Charchar, F. Cro, S. Diaz, A. Damasceno, A. Espeche, W. Jose, A.P. Khan, N. Kokubo, Y. Maheshwari, A. Marin, M.J. More, A. Neupane, D. Nilsson, P. Patil, M. Prabhakaran, D. Ramirez, A. Rodriguez, P. Schlaich, M. Steckelings, U.M. Tomaszewski, M. Unger, T. Wainford, R. Wang, J. Williams, B. Poulter, N.R. MMM Investigators

Abstract

Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults (≥18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally, 3 blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1 508 130 screenees 482 273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513 337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware, and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to

Published
2020

30. Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Author

James, SL, Lucchesi, LR, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, Z, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Henry, NJ, McCracken, D, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, MB, Alahdab, F, Alipour, V, Andualem, Z, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Badiye, AD, Bagherzadeh, M, Banstola, A, Baernighausen, TW, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhaumik, S, Bijani, A, Bukhman, G, Carvalho, F, Crowe, CS, Dalal, K, Daryani, A, Nasab, MD, Hoa, TD, Huyen, PD, Endries, AY, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Gebremedhin, KBB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gilani, SA, Haagsma, JA, Hamidi, S, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Igumbor, EU, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Jayatilleke, AU, Kahsay, A, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khazaee-Pool, M, Kokubo, Y, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Mangalam, S, Massenburg, BB, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Miller, TR, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Morrison, SD, Negoi, I, Trang, HN, Son, HN, Cuong, TN, Nixon, MR, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Padubidri, JR, Polinder, S, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rezapour, A, Rickard, J, Roro, EM, Roy, N, Safari-Faramani, R, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shigematsu, M, Soheili, A, Stokes, MA, Tohidinik, HR, Bach, XT, Valdez, PR, Wijeratne, T, Yisma, E, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, Z-J, Hay, S, Mokdad, AH, James, SL, Lucchesi, LR, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, Z, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Henry, NJ, McCracken, D, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, MB, Alahdab, F, Alipour, V, Andualem, Z, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Badiye, AD, Bagherzadeh, M, Banstola, A, Baernighausen, TW, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhaumik, S, Bijani, A, Bukhman, G, Carvalho, F, Crowe, CS, Dalal, K, Daryani, A, Nasab, MD, Hoa, TD, Huyen, PD, Endries, AY, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Gebremedhin, KBB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gilani, SA, Haagsma, JA, Hamidi, S, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Igumbor, EU, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Jayatilleke, AU, Kahsay, A, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khazaee-Pool, M, Kokubo, Y, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Mangalam, S, Massenburg, BB, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Miller, TR, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Morrison, SD, Negoi, I, Trang, HN, Son, HN, Cuong, TN, Nixon, MR, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Padubidri, JR, Polinder, S, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rezapour, A, Rickard, J, Roro, EM, Roy, N, Safari-Faramani, R, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shigematsu, M, Soheili, A, Stokes, MA, Tohidinik, HR, Bach, XT, Valdez, PR, Wijeratne, T, Yisma, E, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, Z-J, Hay, S, and Mokdad, AH

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. METHODS: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. RESULTS: Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.

Published
2020

31. Environmental Risk Factors for Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease

Author

Reis, J., Giroud, M., and Kokubo, Y.

Subjects
Altitude, Air pollution, Geomagnetic storms, Air planes, Venomous bites, Seasonality, Infections, Ionizing radiations, Weather characteristics, Article, Stroke, Metals, Environmental risk factors, Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), Hymenopteran stings, Noise, Erythropoietin
Abstract

Besides the classical individual stroke risk factors a new class has appeared, the environmental risk factors. After a review of the evidences demonstrating that air pollution is a potent risk factor (Part 1), we propose an update of other physical, chemical, and biological factors, now considered as risk factors (Part 2). One of the challenges is to precise their specific roles as they can be combined in their noxious impacts (traffic air pollution + noise + weather + infections). This knowledge has practical consequences; From now on, medical advices cannot be limited to individual recommendations but must also deal with environmental public health issues.

Published
2017

44. Global, regional, and country-specific lifetime risks of stroke, 1990 and 2016

Author

Feigin V, Nguyen G, Cercy K, Johnson C, Alam T, Parmar P, Abajobir A, Abate K, Abd-Allah F, Abejie A, Abyu G, Ademi Z, Agarwal G, Ahmed M, Akinyemi R, Al-Raddadi R, Aminde L, Amlie-Lefond C, Ansari H, Asayesh H, Asgedom S, Atey T, Ayele H, Banach M, Banerjee A, Barac A, Barker-Collo S, Barnighausen T, Barregard L, Basu S, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Bejot Y, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhe D, Boneya D, Brainin M, Campos-Nonato I, Caso V, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Rivas J, Catala-Lopez F, Christensen H, Criqui M, Damasceno A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davletov K, de Courten B, deVeber G, Dokova K, Edessa D, Endres M, Faraon E, Farvid M, Fischer F, Foreman K, Forouzanfar M, Gall S, Gebrehiwot T, Geleijnse J, Gillum R, Giroud M, Goulart A, Gupta R, Hachinski V, Hamadeh R, Hankey G, Hareri H, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hegazy M, Hibstu D, James S, Jeemon P, John D, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Kalani R, Kandel A, Kasaeian A, Kengne A, Khader Y, Khan A, Khang Y, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim Y, Kivimaki M, Kokubo Y, Kolte D, Kopec J, Kosen S, Kravchenko M, Krishnamurthi R, Kumar G, Lafranconi A, Lavados P, Legesse Y, Li Y, Liang X, Lo W, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Loy C, Mackay M, Abd El Razek H, Mahdavi M, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Mamun A, Mantovani L, Martins S, Mate K, Mazidi M, Mehata S, Meier T, Melaku Y, Mendoza W, Mensah G, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Ibrahim N, Mohammed S, Mokdad A, Moosazadeh M, Moran A, Musa K, Negoi R, Nguyen M, Nguyen Q, Nguyen T, Tran T, Ningrum D, Norrving B, Noubiap J, O'Donnell M, Olagunju A, Onuma O, Owolabi M, Parsaeian M, Patton G, Piradov M, Pletcher M, Pourmalek F, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Rahman M, Rai R, Ranta A, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Renzaho A, Robinson S, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Salomon J, Santalucia P, Santos I, Sartorius B, Schutte A, Sepanlou S, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh M, Shamsizadeh M, Sheth K, Sisay M, Shin M, Shiue I, Silva D, Sobngwi E, Soljak M, Sorensen R, Sposato L, Stranges S, Suliankatchi R, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Tanne D, Nguyen C, Thakur J, Thrift A, Tirschwell D, Topor-Madry R, Tran B, Nguyen L, Truelsen T, Tsilimparis N, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja K, Uthman O, Varakin Y, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov V, Wang W, Werdecker A, Wolfe C, Xu G, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zaki M, Zhou M, Ziaeian B, Zipkin B, Vos T, Naghavi M, Murray C, Roth G, GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk Stroke, Roth, G, Feigin, V, Nguyen, G, Cercy, K, Johnson, C, Alam, T, Parmar, P, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abejie, A, Abyu, G, Ademi, Z, Agarwal, G, Ahmed, M, Akinyemi, R, Al-Raddadi, R, Aminde, L, Amlie-Lefond, C, Ansari, H, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Ayele, H, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barregard, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Béjot, Y, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, D, Boneya, D, Brainin, M, Campos-Nonato, I, Caso, V, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Rivas, J, Catalá-López, F, Christensen, H, Criqui, M, Damasceno, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, Deveber, G, Dokova, K, Edessa, D, Endres, M, Faraon, E, Farvid, M, Fischer, F, Foreman, K, Forouzanfar, M, Gall, S, Gebrehiwot, T, Geleijnse, J, Gillum, R, Giroud, M, Goulart, A, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hamadeh, R, Hankey, G, Hareri, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hegazy, M, Hibstu, D, James, S, Jeemon, P, John, D, Jonas, J, Jóźwiak, J, Kalani, R, Kandel, A, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, A, Khader, Y, Khan, A, Khang, Y, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kivimaki, M, Kokubo, Y, Kolte, D, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Kravchenko, M, Krishnamurthi, R, Anil Kumar, G, Lafranconi, A, Lavados, P, Legesse, Y, Li, Y, Liang, X, Lo, W, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Loy, C, Mackay, M, Abd El Razek, H, Mahdavi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mantovani, L, Martins, S, Mate, K, Mazidi, M, Mehata, S, Meier, T, Melaku, Y, Mendoza, W, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, H, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Ibrahim, N, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moosazadeh, M, Moran, A, Musa, K, Negoi, R, Nguyen, M, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Tran, T, Anggraini Ningrum, D, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, O'Donnell, M, Olagunju, A, Onuma, O, Owolabi, M, Parsaeian, M, Patton, G, Piradov, M, Pletcher, M, Pourmalek, F, Prakash, V, Qorbani, M, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Ranta, A, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, A, Robinson, S, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Salomon, J, Santalucia, P, Santos, I, Sartorius, B, Schutte, A, Sepanlou, S, Shafieesabet, A, Shaikh, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Sheth, K, Sisay, M, Shin, M, Shiue, I, Silva, D, Sobngwi, E, Soljak, M, Sorensen, R, Sposato, L, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi, R, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tanne, D, Tat Nguyen, C, Thakur, J, Thrift, A, Tirschwell, D, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, B, Nguyen, L, Truelsen, T, Tsilimparis, N, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, K, Uthman, O, Varakin, Y, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Wang, W, Werdecker, A, Wolfe, C, Xu, G, Yano, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zhou, M, Ziaeian, B, Zipkin, B, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Murray, C, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Neurologian yksikkö, 10922180 - Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Feigin, Valery L, Nguyen, Grant, Cercy, Kelly, Johnson, Catherine O, Ahmed, Muktar B, Roth, Gregory A, and GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators

Subjects
Male, Percentile, Nutrition and Disease, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, Voeding en Ziekte, Cause of Death, Global health, Stroke, POPULATION, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Medicine (all), 11 Medical And Health Sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, lifetime risk, stroke, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators, Female, BURDEN, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Article, Human, Adult, Risk, Population, Global Burden of Disease (GBD), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Age Distribution, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Life Science, Point estimation, cardiovascular diseases, Sex Distribution, education, VLAG, Aged, Science & Technology, HYPERTENSION, business.industry, medicine.disease, Socioeconomic Factors, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, RC, Demography
Abstract

Background: The lifetime risk of stroke has been calculated in a limited number of selected populations. We sought to estimate the lifetime risk of stroke at the regional, country, and global level using data from a comprehensive study of the prevalence of major diseases.Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016 estimates of stroke incidence and the competing risks of death from any cause other than stroke to calculate the cumulative lifetime risks of first stroke, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke among adults 25 years of age or older. Estimates of the lifetime risks in the years 1990 and 2016 were compared. Countries were categorized into quintiles of the sociodemographic index (SDI) used in the GBD Study, and the risks were compared across quintiles. Comparisons were made with the use of point estimates and uncertainty intervals representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles around the estimate.Results: The estimated global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was 24.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.5 to 26.2); the risk among men was 24.7% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.3 to 26.0), and the risk among women was 25.1% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.7 to 26.5). The risk of ischemic stroke was 18.3%, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 8.2%. In high-SDI, high-middle–SDI, and low-SDI countries, the estimated lifetime risk of stroke was 23.5%, 31.1% (highest risk), and 13.2% (lowest risk), respectively; the 95% uncertainty intervals did not overlap between these categories. The highest estimated lifetime risks of stroke according to GBD region were in East Asia (38.8%), Central Europe (31.7%), and Eastern Europe (31.6%), and the lowest risk was in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (11.8%). The mean global lifetime risk of stroke increased from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016, a relative increase of 8.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.2 to 11.5); the competing risk of death from any cause other than stroke was considered in this calculation.Conclusions: In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women. There was geographic variation in the lifetime risk of stroke, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.)

Published
2018

45. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Kyu, Hh, Abate, D, Abate, Kh, Abay, Sm, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, Rs, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abil, Oz, Aboyans, V, Abrham, Ar, Abu-Raddad, Lj, Abu-Rmeileh, Nme, Accrombessi, Mmk, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Ackerman, In, Adamu, Aa, Adebayo, Om, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, Oo, Adib, Mg, Adsuar, Jc, Afanvi, Ka, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, Km, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, Sa, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, Mb, Ahmed, S, Aichour, An, Aichour, I, Aichour, Mte, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, Hm, Al-Raddadi, Rm, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, Sm, Alene, Ka, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, Sm, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aminde, Ln, Amini, E, Amiresmaili, M, Ammar, W, Amoako, Ya, Anber, Nh, Andrei, Cl, Androudi, S, Animut, Md, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, Mg, Antonio, Cat, Anwari, P, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, Kk, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, Efga, Awasthi, A, Ayala, Quintanilla, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, Ps, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H, Balakrishnan, K, Bali, Ag, Banach, M, Banoub, Jam, Barac, A, Barboza, Ma, Barker-Collo, Sl, Bärnighausen, Tw, Barquera, S, Barrero, Lh, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Bb, Bekru, Et, Belachew, Ab, Belay, Ya, Bell, Ml, Bello, Ak, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, Rs, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhala, N, Bhatt, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Za, Biadgo, B, Biehl, Mh, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Bin, Sayeed, Bisanzio, D, Bjørge, T, Bleyer, A, Bobasa, Em, Bou-Orm, Ir, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brady, Oj, Brant, Lc, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, Njk, Brenner, H, Briant, Ps, Briko, An, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Buchbinder, R, Busse, R, Butt, Za, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campuzano, Rincon, Cano, J, Cárdenas, R, Carrero, Jj, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, Ca, Castillo, Rivas, J, Castro, F, Catalá-López, F, Cercy, Km, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, Jc, Charlson, Fj, Chattu, Vk, Chiang, Pp, Chitheer, A, Choi, Jj, Christensen, H, Christopher, Dj, Chung, Sc, Cicuttini, Fm, Cirillo, Massimo, Collado-Mateo, D, Cooper, C, Cortesi, Pa, Cortinovis, M, Cousin, E, Criqui, Mh, Cromwell, Ea, Cross, M, Crump, Ja, Daba, Ak, Dachew, Ba, Dadi, Af, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, Pi, Daryani, A, Das, Gupta, Das, R, Neves, J, Dasa, Tt, Davitoiu, Dv, De, La, Hoz, Fp, Leo, De, D, De, Neve, Jw, Steur, De, H, Degefa, Mg, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Demoz, Gt, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Des, Jarlais, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, Sd, Dhimal, M, Dinberu, Mt, Dirac, Ma, Djalalinia, S, Doan, L, Dokova, K, Doku, Dt, Dorsey, Er, Doyle, Ke, Driscoll, Tr, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, Ee, Duncan, Bb, Duraes, Ar, Ebrahimi, H, Ebrahimpour, S, Echko, Mm, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Effiong, A, Eggen, Ae, Ehrlich, Jr, Bcheraoui, El, C, El-Khatib, Z, Elyazar, Irf, Enayati, A, Endalifer, Ml, Endries, Ay, Er, B, Erskine, He, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Fakhim, H, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Farhadi, F, Farid, Ta, Farinha, Cses, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fazaeli, Aa, Feigin, Vl, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, Sm, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, Jc, Ferrari, Aj, Ferreira, Ml, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Foigt, Na, Foreman, Kj, Frank, Td, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, Jm, Gakidou, E, Gall, S, Gallus, S, Ganji, M, Garcia-Basteiro, Al, Gardner, Wm, Gebre, Ak, Gebremedhin, At, Gebremichael, Tg, Gelano, Tf, Geleijnse, Jm, Genova-Maleras, R, Geramo, Ycd, Gething, Pw, Gezae, Ke, Ghadami, Mr, Ghadiri, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Ghimire, M, Ghoshal, Ag, Gill, Ps, Gill, Tk, Ginawi, Ia, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, Ev, Goldberg, Em, Goli, S, Gómez-Dantés, H, Gona, Pn, Gopalani, Sv, Gorman, Tm, Goulart, Ac, Goulart, Bng, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Gugnani, Hc, Guillemin, F, Guo, Y, Gupta, Pc, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gutiérrez, Ra, Gyawali, B, Haagsma, Ja, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haghparast, Bidgoli, Hagos, Tb, Hailegiyorgis, Tt, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, Rr, Hamidi, S, Handal, Aj, Hankey, Gj, Hao, Y, Harb, Hl, Harikrishnan, S, Haririan, H, Haro, Jm, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, Hy, Havmoeller, R, Hay, Rj, Hay, Si, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A, Heibati, B, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Heydarpour, P, Hibstu, Dt, Hoek, Hw, Hoffman, Hj, Hole, Mk, Homaie, Rad, E, Hoogar, P, Hosgood, Hd, Hosseini, Sm, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, Pj, Hoy, Dg, Hsairi, M, Htet, As, Huang, Jj, Iburg, Km, Ikeda, Ct, Ilesanmi, Os, Irvani, Ssn, Irvine, Cms, Islam, Sms, Islami, F, Jacobsen, Kh, Jahangiry, L, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, Sk, Jakovljevic, M, James, Sl, Jayatilleke, Au, Jeemon, P, Jha, Rp, Jha, V, Js, Ji, Johnson, Co, Jonas, Jb, Jonnagaddala, J, Jorjoran, Shushtari, Z, Joshi, A, Jozwiak, Jj, Jungari, Sb, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalani, R, Kanchan, T, Kar, C, Karami, M, Karami, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, N, Karimi, Sm, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, Dh, Kassa, Gm, Kassa, Td, Kassebaum, Nj, Katikireddi, Sv, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazemi, Z, Karyani, Ak, Keighobadi, Mm, Keiyoro, Pn, Kemmer, L, Kemp, Gr, Kengne, Ap, Keren, A, Khader, Ys, Khafaei, B, Khafaie, Ma, Khajavi, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, Ia, Khan, Ea, Khan, Ms, Khan, Ma, Khang, Yh, Khater, Mm, Khazaei, M, Khoja, At, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, Mh, Kiadaliri, Aa, Kidanemariam, Zt, Kiirithio, Dn, Kim, Ci, Kim, D, Kim, Ye, Kim, Yj, Kimokoti, Rw, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Knudsen, Aks, Kocarnik, Jm, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Kolola, T, Kopec, Ja, Kosen, S, Kotsakis, Ga, Koul, Pa, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnaswami, S, Krohn, Kj, Kuate, Defo, Kucuk, B, Bicer, B, Kumar, Ga, Kumar, M, Kuzin, I, Lad, Dp, Lad, Sd, Lafranconi, A, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lami, Fh, Lang, Jj, Langan, Sm, Lansingh, Vc, Latifi, A, Lau, Km, Lazarus, Jv, Leasher, Jl, Ledesma, Jr, Lee, Ph, Leigh, J, Leili, M, Leshargie, Ct, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liao, Y, Liben, Ml, Lim, Ll, Lim, Ss, Limenih, Ma, Linn, S, Liu, S, Looker, Kj, Lopez, Ad, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, Pa, Lozano, R, Lucas, Tcd, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, Ra, Ma, S, Macarayan, Erk, Mackay, Mt, Maddison, Er, Madotto, F, Maghavani, Dp, Mai, Ht, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, Dc, Mamun, Aa, Manda, Al, Manguerra, H, Mansournia, Ma, Mantilla, Herrera, Mantovani, Lg, Maravilla, Jc, Marcenes, W, Marks, A, Martins-Melo, Fr, Martopullo, I, März, W, Marzan, Mb, Massano, J, Massenburg, Bb, Mathur, Mr, Maulik, Pk, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, Jj, Mckee, M, Mcmahon, Bj, Mehata, S, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, Km, Mehta, V, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mekonen, T, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, Ptn, Memish, Za, Mendoza, W, Mengistu, G, Mensah, Ga, Mereta, St, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, Tj, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Millear, Ai, Miller, Tr, Mini, Gk, Mirarefin, M, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misganaw, At, Mitchell, Pb, Mitiku, H, Moazen, B, Mohajer, B, Mohammad, Ka, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammed, Ma, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, Ah, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montañez, Jc, Moosazadeh, M, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno, Velásquez, I, Morgado-Da-Costa, J, Morrison, Sd, Moschos, Mm, Mousavi, Sm, Mruts, Kb, Muche, Aa, Muchie, Kf, Mueller, Uo, Muhammed, Os, Mukhopadhyay, S, Muller, K, Mumford, Je, Murthy, Gvs, Musa, Ki, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, Af, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nam, Hs, Nangia, V, Nansseu, Jr, Neamati, N, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Neupane, S, Newton, Crj, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Aq, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, Ht, Nguyen, Hlt, Nguyen, Lh, Nguyen, M, Nguyen, Nb, Nguyen, Sh, Nichols, E, Ningrum, Dna, Nixon, Mr, Nomura, S, Noroozi, M, Norrving, B, Noubiap, Jj, Nouri, Hr, Shiadeh, Mn, Nowroozi, Mr, Nsoesie, Eo, Nyasulu, Ps, Odell, Cm, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, Fa, Ih, Oh, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, At, Olagunju, To, Olivares, Pr, Olsen, He, Olusanya, Bo, Olusanya, Jo, Ong, Kl, Ong, Sk, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Ota, E, Otstavnov, Ss, Øverland, S, Owolabi, Mo, P, A, M, Pacella, R, Pakhare, Ap, Pakpour, Ah, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, Ek, Park, J, Parry, Cdh, Parsian, H, Pasdar, Y, Patel, S, Patil, St, Patle, A, Patton, Gc, Paturi, Vr, Paudel, D, Paulson, Kr, Pearce, N, Pereira, A, Pereira, Dm, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Pham, Hq, Phillips, Mr, Pigott, Dm, Pillay, Jd, Piradov, Ma, Pirsaheb, M, Pishgar, F, Plana-Ripoll, O, Polinder, S, Popova, S, Postma, Mj, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prabhakaran, D, Prakash, S, Prakash, V, Prasad, N, Purcell, Ca, Qorbani, M, Quistberg, Da, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, K, Rahimi, Z, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, Mhu, Rahman, Ma, Rahman, Su, Rai, Rk, Rajati, F, Ranjan, P, Rao, Pc, Rasella, D, Rawaf, Dl, Rawaf, S, Reddy, Ks, Reiner, Rc, Reitsma, Mb, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, Amn, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, Ms, Ribeiro, Alp, Roberts, Nls, Robinson, Sr, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Roth, Ga, Rothenbacher, D, Rubagotti, E, Sachdev, Ps, Sadat, N, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi, Moghaddam, S, Safari, H, Safari, Y, Safari-Faramani, R, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, Ma, Sajadi, Hs, Salam, N, Salama, Js, Salamati, P, Saleem, Z, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, Ja, Salvi, Ss, Salz, I, Samy, Am, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Niño, Md, Santomauro, Df, Santos, Is, Santos, Jv, Santric, Milicevic, Sao, Mm, Jose, Bp, Sardana, M, Sarker, Ar, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sartorius, B, Sarvi, S, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Sawant, Ar, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Schaeffner, E, Schmidt, Mi, Schneider, Ijc, Schutte, Ae, Schwebel, Dc, Schwendicke, F, Scott, Jg, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, Sg, Serván-Mori, E, Seyedmousavi, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shafieesabet, A, Shahbazi, M, Shaheen, Aa, Shaikh, Ma, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsi, M, Sharafi, H, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharif-Alhoseini, M, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, Ms, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shokoohinia, Y, Shokraneh, F, Shoman, H, Shrime, Mg, Si, S, Siabani, S, Sibai, Am, Siddiqi, Tj, Sigfusdottir, Id, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, Das, Silva, Jp, Silveira, Dga, Singam, Nsv, Singh, Ja, Singh, Np, Singh, V, Sinha, Dn, Skiadaresi, E, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Smith, Dl, Smith, M, Soares, Filho, Sobaih, Bh, Sobhani, S, Soofi, M, Sorensen, Rjd, Soyiri, In, Sposato, La, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Srinivasan, V, Stanaway, Jd, Starodubov, Vi, Stein, Dj, Steiner, C, Steiner, Tj, Stokes, Ma, Stovner, Lj, Subart, Ml, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, Mb, Sulo, G, Sunguya, Bf, Sur, Pj, Sykes, Bl, Sylaja, Pn, Sylte, Do, Szoeke, Cei, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, Sk, Tandon, N, Tassew, Sg, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Taylor, Hr, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalign, Tg, Tekelemedhin, Sw, Tekle, Mg, Temsah, Mh, Temsah, O, Terkawi, As, Tessema, B, Teweldemedhin, M, Thankappan, Kr, Theis, A, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Tilahun, B, Qg, To, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Torre, Ae, Tortajada-Girbés, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, Mr, Towbin, Ja, Tran, Bx, Tran, Kb, Troeger, Ce, Tsadik, Ag, Tsoi, D, Tudor, Car, L, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, Kn, Ullah, I, Undurraga, Ea, Updike, Rl, Usman, Ms, Uthman, Oa, Vaduganathan, M, Vaezi, A, Valdez, Pr, Varavikova, E, Varughese, S, Vasankari, Tj, Venketasubramanian, N, Villafaina, S, Violante, Fs, Vladimirov, Sk, Vlassov, V, Vollset, Se, Vos, T, Vosoughi, K, Vujcic, Is, Wagnew, Fs, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, Yp, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, Rg, Weiss, Dj, Weldegebreal, F, Weldegwergs, Kg, Werdecker, A, West, Te, Westerman, R, Whiteford, Ha, Widecka, J, Wijeratne, T, Williams, Hc, Wilner, Lb, Wilson, S, Winkler, As, Wiyeh, Ab, Wiysonge, Cs, Wolfe, Cda, Woolf, Ad, Wyper, Gma, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yadgir, S, Yahyazadeh, Jabbari, Yamada, T, Yan, Ll, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yasin, Yj, Yeshaneh, A, Yimer, Em, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, Sj, Yotebieng, M, Younis, Mz, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, Sb, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zar, Hj, Zenebe, Zm, Zhou, M, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Zucker, I, Zuhlke, Lj, Murray, Cjl., GBD 2017 DALYs & HALE Coll, Kyu, Hh, Abate, D, Abate, Kh, Abay, Sm, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abil, Oz, Aboyans, V, Abrham, Ar, Abu-Raddad, Lj, Abu-Rmeileh, Nme, Accrombessi, Mmk, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Ackerman, In, Adamu, Aa, Adebayo, Om, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, Oo, Adib, Mg, Adsuar, Jc, Afanvi, Ka, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, Km, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, Sa, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, Mb, Ahmed, S, Aichour, An, Aichour, I, Aichour, Mte, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, Hm, Al-Raddadi, Rm, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, Sm, Alene, Ka, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, Sm, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aminde, Ln, Amini, E, Amiresmaili, M, Ammar, W, Amoako, Ya, Anber, Nh, Andrei, Cl, Androudi, S, Animut, Md, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, Mg, Antonio, Cat, Anwari, P, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, Kk, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, Efga, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, Bp, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, P, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H, Balakrishnan, K, Bali, Ag, Banach, M, Banoub, Jam, Barac, A, Barboza, Ma, Barker-Collo, Sl, Bärnighausen, Tw, Barquera, S, Barrero, Lh, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Bb, Bekru, Et, Belachew, Ab, Belay, Ya, Bell, Ml, Bello, Ak, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhala, N, Bhatt, S, Bhaumik, 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Alve, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, David L, Smith, Mari, Soares Filho, Adauto Martin, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steiner, Timothy J, Stokes, Mark A, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Subart, Michelle L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P.N., Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Hugh R, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Nihal, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Troeger, Christopher E, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tyrovolas, Stefano, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Updike, Rachel L, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Villafaina, Santo, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Williams, Hywel C, Wilner, Lauren B, Wilson, Shadrach, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiyeh, Alison B, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woolf, Anthony D, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Deni, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zar, Heather J, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhou, Maigeng, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L

Subjects
Male, Health Status, health statu, HALE, mortality rate, communicable disease, DALYs, Global Burden of Disease, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Medicine and Health Sciences, Singapore, OUTCOMES, disability-adjusted life year, international cooperation, Medicine (all), 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Central African Republic, newborn disease, IRON-DEFICIENCY, AIDS, priority journal, Bahrain, disease severity, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, cerebrovascular accident, Ukraine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, INTERVENTIONS, Slovakia, DISORDERS, Burundi, WEIGHTS, GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators, Communicable Diseases, Article, STYLE, Medicine, General & Internal, Life Expectancy, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Disabled Persons, human, Healthy Lifestyle, HALE, DALYs, global burden of disease, Mortality, Aged, Science & Technology, Mortality, Premature, HIV, ischemic heart disease, major clinical study, PREVENTION, non communicable disease, GBD, disability-adjusted life-years, age, sex factor, Socioeconomic Factors, Algeria, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, lower respiratory tract infection, Wounds and Injuries, GENDER, Human medicine, trend study, chronic obstructive lung disease
Abstract

Background How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7.4 years (95% uncertainty interval 74-7.8), from 65.6 years (65.3-65- 8) in 1990 to 73.0 years (72.7-73.3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5.1 years (5.0-5.3) in high SDI countries to 12.0 years (11.3-12.8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26.3% (20.1-33.1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11.7% (8.8-15.1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6.3 years (5.9-6.7), from 57.0 years (54.6-59.1) in 1990 to 63.3 years (60.5-65.7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3.8 years (3.4-4.1) in high SDI countries to 10.5 years (9.8-11.2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1.0 year (0.4-1.7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62.4 years [59.9-64.7] in 1990 to 63.5 years [60.9-65.8] in 2017) to 23.7 years (21.9-25.6) in Eritrea (30.7 years [28.9-32.2] in 1990 to 54.4 years [51.5-57.1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1.4 years (0.6-2.3) in Algeria to 11.9 years (10.9-12.9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75.8 years [72.4-78.7]) and males (72.6 years [69 " 8-75.0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47.0 years [43.7-50.2] for females and 42.8 years [40.1-45.6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41.3% (38.8-43.5) for communicable diseases and by 49"8% (47.9-51.6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40.1% (36.8-43.0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18.1% (16.0-20.2). Interpretation With increasing life expectancy in most countries, the question of whether the additional years of life gained are spent in good health or poor health has been increasingly relevant because of the potential policy implications, such as health-care provisions and extending retirement ages. In some locations, a large proportion of those additional years are spent in poor health. Large inequalities in HALE and disease burden exist across countries in different SDI quintiles and between sexes. The burden of disabling conditions has serious implications for health system planning and health-related expenditures. Despite the progress made in reducing the burden of communicable diseases and neonatal disorders in low S DI countries, the speed of this progress could be increased by scaling up proven interventions. The global trends among non-communicable diseases indicate that more effort is needed to maximise HALE, such as risk prevention and attention to upstream determinants of health. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2018

47. Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study

Author

Kassebaum, NJ, Reiner, RC, Olsen, HE, Ikeda, CT, Echko, MM, Ballestreros, KE, Manguerra, H, Martopullo, I, Millear, A, Shields, C, Smith, A, Strub, B, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Adhena, BM, Adhikari, TB, Akibu, M, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alvis-Guzman, N, Antonio, CAT, Aremu, O, Asgedom, SW, Asseffa, NA, Avila-Burgos, L, Barac, A, Bärnighausen, TW, Bassat, Q, Bensenor, IM, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bililign, N, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Malta, DC, Chang, J-C, Charlson, FJ, Dharmaratne, SD, Doku, DT, Edessa, D, El-Khatib, Z, Erskine, HE, Ferrari, AJ, Fullman, N, Gupta, R, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Ilesanmi, OS, Jacobsen, KH, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kebede, S, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, MN, Khang, Y-H, Khubchandani, J, Kinfu, Y, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Defo, BK, Lal, DK, Kumsa, FA, Larson, HJ, Leung, J, Mamun, AA, Mehata, S, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Moges, NA, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Neupane, S, Nguyen, HLT, Ningrum, DNA, Nirayo, YL, Nong, VM, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Patton, GC, Pereira, DM, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Ranabhat, CL, Renzaho, AMN, Rezai, MS, Ronfani, L, Roth, GA, Safiri, S, Sartorius, B, Scott, JG, Shackelford, KA, Sliwa, K, Sreeramareddy, C, Sufiyan, MB, Terkawi, AS, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, Vollset, SE, Weldegwergs, KG, Werdecker, A, Whiteford, HA, Wijeratne, T, Yonemoto, N, Yotebieng, M, Zuhlke, LJ, Kyu, HH, Naghavi, M, Vos, T, Murray, CJL, and Collaborators, GBD 2017 Child And Adolescent Health

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Adolescent Health, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Risk Factors, Humans, Online First, Sex Distribution, Child, Original Investigation, Research, Child Health, Infant, Newborn, food and beverages, Infant, Featured, Online Only, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Preschool, Wounds and Injuries, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Morbidity
Abstract

Key Points Question How have the levels, trends, and leading causes of child and adolescent mortality and nonfatal health loss changed from 1990 to 2017? Findings This study found that child and adolescent mortality decreased throughout the world from 1990 to 2017, but morbidity has increased as a proportion of total disease burden, because the major causes of nonfatal health loss during childhood and adolescence have not changed dramatically. Meaning As the global health community continues to prioritize child and adolescent health during the Sustainable Development Goal era, careful attention should also be placed on examining and addressing nonfatal illness and disability across the development spectrum., This analysis of the Global Disease Burden data estimates mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories worldwide., Importance Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies. Objective To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories. Design, Setting, and Participants This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018. Exposures Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability. Results Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle–SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile. Conclusions and Relevance Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years.

Published
2019

48. Diseases, injuries, and risk factors in child and adolescent health, 1990 to 2017: Findings from the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors 2017 study

Author

GBD 2017 Child and Adolescent Health Collaborators, Reiner RC, Olsen HE, Ikeda CT, Echko MM, Ballestreros KE, Manguerra H, Martopullo I, Millear A, Shields C, Smith A, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Defo BK, Lal DK, Kumsa FA, Larson HJ, Leung J, Mamun AA, Mehata S, Melku M, Nong VM, Mendoza W, Mezgebe HB, Miller TR, Moges NA, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Neupane S, Nguyen HLT, Ningrum DNA, Ogbo FA, Nirayo YL, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Patton GC, Pereira DM, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Sliwa K, Rai RK, Ram U, Ranabhat CL, Renzaho AMN, Rezai MS, Ronfani L, Roth GA, Safiri S, Sartorius B, Scott JG, Sreeramareddy C, Shackelford KA, Sufiyan MB, Terkawi AS, Topor-Madry R, Tran BX, Ukwaja KN, Uthman OA, Vollset SE, Weldegwergs KG, Strub B, Werdecker A, Whiteford HA, Wijeratne T, Yonemoto N, Yotebieng M, Zuhlke LJ, Kyu HH, Naghavi M, Vos T, Murray CJL, Abebe M, Kassebaum NJ, Abebe Z, Adhena BM, Adhikari TB, Akibu M, Al-Raddadi RM, Alvis-Guzman N, Antonio CAT, Aremu O, Asgedom SW, Asseffa NA, Avila-Burgos L, Barac A, Bärnighausen TW, Bassat Q, Bensenor IM, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bililign N, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Malta DC, Chang J-C, Charlson FJ, Dharmaratne SD, Doku DT, Edessa D, El-Khatib Z, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fullman N, Gupta R, Hassen HY, Hay SI, Ilesanmi OS, Jacobsen KH, Kahsay A, Kasaeian A, Kassa TD, Kebede S, Khader YS, Khan EA, Khan MN, Khang Y-H, Khubchandani J, Kinfu Y, and Kochhar S

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, Adolescent Health, Child Health, Infant, Global Health, Pediatrics, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Socioeconomic Factors, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Humans, Wounds and Injuries, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Morbidity, Sex Distribution, Child
Abstract

Importance Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies. Objective To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories. Design, Setting, and Participants This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018. Exposures Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability. Results Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle–SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile. Conclusions and Relevance Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years.

Published
2019

49. Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1923–1994), (S0140673618322256), (10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6))

Author

Stanaway, J.D. Afshin, A. Gakidou, E. Lim, S.S. Abate, D. Abate, K.H. Abbafati, C. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdela, J. Abdelalim, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulkader, R.S. Abebe, M. Abebe, Z. Abera, S.F. Abil, O.Z. Abraha, H.N. Abrham, A.R. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E. Accrombessi, M.M.K. Acharya, D. Acharya, P. Adamu, A.A. Adane, A.A. Adebayo, O.M. Adedoyin, R.A. Adekanmbi, V. Ademi, Z. Adetokunboh, O.O. Adib, M.G. Admasie, A. Adsuar, J.C. Afanvi, K.A. Afarideh, M. Agarwal, G. Aggarwal, A. Aghayan, S.A. Agrawal, A. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, M. Ahmadieh, H. Ahmed, M.B. Aichour, A.N. Aichour, I. Aichour, M.T.E. Akbari, M.E. Akinyemiju, T. Akseer, N. Al-Aly, Z. Al-Eyadhy, A. Al-Mekhlafi, H.M. Alahdab, F. Alam, K. Alam, S. Alam, T. Alashi, A. Alavian, S.M. Alene, K.A. Ali, K. Ali, S.M. Alijanzadeh, M. Alizadeh-Navaei, R. Aljunid, S.M. Alkerwi, A. Alla, F. Alsharif, U. Altirkawi, K. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amare, A.T. Ammar, W. Anber, N.H. Anderson, J.A. Andrei, C.L. Androudi, S. Animut, M.D. Anjomshoa, M. Ansha, M.G. Antó, J.M. Antonio, C.A.T. Anwari, P. Appiah, L.T. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arabloo, J. Aremu, O. Ärnlöv, J. Artaman, A. Aryal, K.K. Asayesh, H. Ataro, Z. Ausloos, M. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayer, R. Ayuk, T.B. Azzopardi, P.S. Babazadeh, A. Badali, H. Badawi, A. Balakrishnan, K. Bali, A.G. Ball, K. Ballew, S.H. Banach, M. Banoub, J.A.M. Barac, A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Barrero, L.H. Basu, S. Baune, B.T. Bazargan-Hejazi, S. Bedi, N. Beghi, E. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Béjot, Y. Bekele, B.B. Bekru, E.T. Belay, E. Belay, Y.A. Bell, M.L. Bello, A.K. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Bergeron, G. Berhane, A. Bernabe, E. Bernstein, R.S. Beuran, M. Beyranvand, T. Bhala, N. Bhalla, A. Bhattarai, S. Bhutta, Z.A. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bikbov, B. Bilano, V. Bililign, N. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Bisanzio, D. Biswas, T. Bjørge, T. Blacker, B.F. Bleyer, A. Borschmann, R. Bou-Orm, I.R. Boufous, S. Bourne, R. Brady, O.J. Brauer, M. Brazinova, A. Breitborde, N.J.K. Brenner, H. Briko, A.N. Britton, G. Brugha, T. Buchbinder, R. Burnett, R.T. Busse, R. Butt, Z.A. Cahill, L.E. Cahuana-Hurtado, L. Campos-Nonato, I.R. Cárdenas, R. Carreras, G. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Castillo Rivas, J. Castro, F. Catalá-López, F. Causey, K. Cercy, K.M. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chang, H.-Y. Chang, J.-C. Chang, K.-L. Charlson, F.J. Chattopadhyay, A. Chattu, V.K. Chee, M.L. Cheng, C.-Y. Chew, A. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chimed-Ochir, O. Chin, K.L. Chitheer, A. Choi, J.-Y.J. Chowdhury, R. Christensen, H. Christopher, D.J. Chung, S.-C. Cicuttini, F.M. Cirillo, M. Cohen, A.J. Collado-Mateo, D. Cooper, C. Cooper, O.R. Coresh, J. Cornaby, L. Cortesi, P.A. Cortinovis, M. Costa, M. Cousin, E. Criqui, M.H. Cromwell, E.A. Cundiff, D.K. Daba, A.K. Dachew, B.A. Dadi, A.F. Damasceno, A.A.M. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Darby, S.C. Dargan, P.I. Daryani, A. Das Gupta, R. Das Neves, J. Dasa, T.T. Dash, A.P. Davitoiu, D.V. Davletov, K. De la Cruz-Góngora, V. De La Hoz, F.P. De Leo, D. De Neve, J.-W. Degenhardt, L. Deiparine, S. Dellavalle, R.P. Demoz, G.T. Denova-Gutiérrez, E. Deribe, K. Dervenis, N. Deshpande, A. Des Jarlais, D.C. Dessie, G.A. Deveber, G.A. Dey, S. Dharmaratne, S.D. Dhimal, M. Dinberu, M.T. Ding, E.L. Diro, H.D. Djalalinia, S. Do, H.P. Dokova, K. Doku, D.T. Doyle, K.E. Driscoll, T.R. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Duncan, B.B. Duraes, A.R. Ebert, N. Ebrahimi, H. Ebrahimpour, S. Edvardsson, D. Effiong, A. Eggen, A.E. El Bcheraoui, C. El-Khatib, Z. Elyazar, I.R. Enayati, A. Endries, A.Y. Er, B. Erskine, H.E. Eskandarieh, S. Esteghamati, A. Estep, K. Fakhim, H. Faramarzi, M. Fareed, M. Farid, T.A. Sá Farinha, C.S.E. Farioli, A. Faro, A. Farvid, M.S. Farzaei, M.H. Fatima, B. Fay, K.A. Fazaeli, A.A. Feigin, V.L. Feigl, A.B. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Fernandes, E. Fernandes, J.C. Ferrara, G. Ferrari, A.J. Ferreira, M.L. Filip, I. Finger, J.D. Fischer, F. Foigt, N.A. Foreman, K.J. 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Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Molokhia, M. Momeniha, F. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradinazar, M. Moraga, P. Morawska, L. Morgado-Da-Costa, J. Morrison, S.D. Moschos, M.M. Mouodi, S. Mousavi, S.M. Mozaffarian, D. Mruts, K.B. Muche, A.A. Muchie, K.F. Mueller, U.O. Muhammed, O.S. Mukhopadhyay, S. Muller, K. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Nabhan, A.F. Naghavi, M. Naheed, A. Nahvijou, A. Naik, G. Naik, N. Najafi, F. Nangia, V. Nansseu, J.R. Nascimento, B.R. Neal, B. Neamati, N. Negoi, I. Negoi, R.I. Neupane, S. Newton, C.R.J. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, A.Q. Nguyen, G. Nguyen, H.T. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nguyen, H.T. Nguyen, M. Nguyen, N.B. Nichols, E. Nie, J. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nishi, N. Nixon, M.R. Nojomi, M. Nomura, S. Norheim, O.F. Noroozi, M. Norrving, B. Noubiap, J.J. Nouri, H.R. Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M. Nowroozi, M.R. Nsoesie, E.O. Nyasulu, P.S. Obermeyer, C.M. Odell, C.M. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Oladimeji, O. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olivares, P.R. 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Vladimirov, S.K. Vlassov, V. Vollset, S.E. Vos, T. Vosoughi, K. Vu, G.T. Vujcic, I.S. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Waller, S.G. Walson, J.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Weiderpass, E. Weintraub, R.H. Weldegebreal, F. Werdecker, A. Werkneh, A.A. West, J.J. Westerman, R. Whiteford, H.A. Widecka, J. Wijeratne, T. Winkler, A.S. Wiyeh, A.B. Wiysonge, C.S. Wolfe, C.D.A. Wong, T.Y. Wu, S. Xavier, D. Xu, G. Yadgir, S. Yadollahpour, A. Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H. Yamada, T. Yan, L.L. Yano, Y. Yaseri, M. Yasin, Y.J. Yeshaneh, A. Yimer, E.M. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yoon, S.-J. Yotebieng, M. Younis, M.Z. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zavala-Arciniega, L. Zhang, A.L. Zhang, H. Zhang, K. Zhou, M. Zimsen, S.R.M. Zodpey, S. Murray, C.J.L. GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators

Abstract

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Published
2019

50. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Feigin, V.L. Nichols, E. Alam, T. Bannick, M.S. Beghi, E. Blake, N. Culpepper, W.J. Dorsey, E.R. Elbaz, A. Ellenbogen, R.G. Fisher, J.L. Fitzmaurice, C. Giussani, G. Glennie, L. James, S.L. Johnson, C.O. Kassebaum, N.J. Logroscino, G. Marin, B. Mountjoy-Venning, W.C. Nguyen, M. Ofori-Asenso, R. Patel, A.P. Piccininni, M. Roth, G.A. Steiner, T.J. Stovner, L.J. Szoeke, C.E.I. Theadom, A. Vollset, S.E. Wallin, M.T. Wright, C. Zunt, J.R. Abbasi, N. Abd-Allah, F. Abdelalim, A. Abdollahpour, I. Aboyans, V. Abraha, H.N. Acharya, D. Adamu, A.A. Adebayo, O.M. Adeoye, A.M. Adsuar, J.C. Afarideh, M. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmed, M.B. Aichour, A.N. Aichour, I. Aichour, M.T.E. Akinyemi, R.O. Akseer, N. Al-Eyadhy, A. Al-Shahi Salman, R. Alahdab, F. Alene, K.A. Aljunid, S.M. Altirkawi, K. Alvis-Guzman, N. Anber, N.H. Antonio, C.A.T. Arabloo, J. Aremu, O. Ärnlöv, J. Asayesh, H. Asghar, R.J. Atalay, H.T. Awasthi, A. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayuk, T.B. Badawi, A. Banach, M. Banoub, J.A.M. Barboza, M.A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Baune, B.T. Bedi, N. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Béjot, Y. Bekele, B.B. Belachew, A.B. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Berhane, A. Beuran, M. Bhattacharyya, K. Bhutta, Z.A. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bililign, N. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Blazes, C.K. Brayne, C. Butt, Z.A. Campos-Nonato, I.R. Cantu-Brito, C. Car, M. Cárdenas, R. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Castro, F. Catalá-López, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chang, J.-C. Chatziralli, I. Chiang, P.P.-C. Christensen, H. Christopher, D.J. Cooper, C. Cortesi, P.A. Costa, V.M. Criqui, M.H. Crowe, C.S. Damasceno, A.A.M. Daryani, A. De la Cruz-Góngora, V. De La Hoz, F.P. De Leo, D. Degefa, M.G. Demoz, G.T. Deribe, K. Dharmaratne, S.D. Diaz, D. Dinberu, M.T. Djalalinia, S. Doku, D.T. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Edvardsson, D. El-Khatib, Z. Endres, M. Endries, A.Y. Eskandarieh, S. Esteghamati, A. Esteghamati, S. Farhadi, F. Faro, A. Farzadfar, F. Farzaei, M.H. Fatima, B. Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. Fernandes, E. Feyissa, G.T. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Fukumoto, T. Ganji, M. Gankpe, F.G. Garcia-Gordillo, M.A. Gebre, A.K. Gebremichael, T.G. Gelaw, B.K. Geleijnse, J.M. Geremew, D. Gezae, K.E. Ghasemi-Kasman, M. Gidey, M.Y. Gill, P.S. Gill, T.K. Gnedovskaya, E.V. Goulart, A.C. Grada, A. Grosso, G. Guo, Y. Gupta, R. Gupta, R. Haagsma, J.A. Hagos, T.B. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Hankey, G.J. Hao, Y. Haro, J.M. Hassankhani, H. Hassen, H.Y. Havmoeller, R. Hay, S.I. Hegazy, M.I. Heidari, B. Henok, A. Heydarpour, F. Hoang, C.L. Hole, M.K. Homaie Rad, E. Hosseini, S.M. Hu, G. Igumbor, E.U. Ilesanmi, O.S. Irvani, S.S.N. Islam, S.M.S. Jakovljevic, M. Javanbakht, M. Jha, R.P. Jobanputra, Y.B. Jonas, J.B. Józwiak, J.J. Jürisson, M. Kahsay, A. Kalani, R. Kalkonde, Y. Kamil, T.A. Kanchan, T. Karami, M. Karch, A. Karimi, N. Kasaeian, A. Kassa, T.D. Kassa, Z.Y. Kaul, A. Kefale, A.T. Keiyoro, P.N. Khader, Y.S. Khafaie, M.A. Khalil, I.A. Khan, E.A. Khang, Y.-H. Khazaie, H. Kiadaliri, A.A. Kiirithio, D.N. Kim, A.S. Kim, D. Kim, Y.-E. Kim, Y.J. Kisa, A. Kokubo, Y. Koyanagi, A. Krishnamurthi, R.V. Kuate Defo, B. Kucuk Bicer, B. Kumar, M. Lacey, B. Lafranconi, A. Lansingh, V.C. Latifi, A. Leshargie, C.T. Li, S. Liao, Y. Linn, S. Lo, W.D. Lopez, J.C.F. Lorkowski, S. Lotufo, P.A. Lucas, R.M. Lunevicius, R. Mackay, M.T. Mahotra, N.B. Majdan, M. Majdzadeh, R. Majeed, A. Malekzadeh, R. Malta, D.C. Manafi, N. Mansournia, M.A. Mantovani, L.G. März, W. Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Massenburg, B.B. Mate, K.K.V. McAlinden, C. McGrath, J.J. Mehta, V. Meier, T. Meles, H.G. Melese, A. Memiah, P.T.N. Memish, Z.A. Mendoza, W. Mengistu, D.T. Mengistu, G. Meretoja, A. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Miller, T.R. Mini, G.K. Mirrakhimov, E.M. Moazen, B. Mohajer, B. Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, M. Mohammadibakhsh, R. Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M. Mohammed, S. Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Monasta, L. Mondello, S. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradinazar, M. Moraga, P. Moreno Velásquez, I. Morrison, S.D. Mousavi, S.M. Muhammed, O.S. Muruet, W. Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Naderi, M. Nagel, G. Naheed, A. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Nangia, V. Negoi, I. Negoi, R.I. Newton, C.R.J. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, L.H. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nixon, M.R. Norrving, B. Noubiap, J.J. Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M. Nyasulu, P.S. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Olivares, P.R. Onwujekwe, O.E. Oren, E. Owolabi, M.O. A, M.P. Pakpour, A.H. Pan, W.-H. Panda-Jonas, S. Pandian, J.D. Patel, S.K. Pereira, D.M. Petzold, M. Pillay, J.D. Piradov, M.A. Polanczyk, G.V. Polinder, S. Postma, M.J. Poulton, R. Poustchi, H. Prakash, S. Prakash, V. Qorbani, M. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Rahman, M. Rahman, M.H.U. Rahman, M.A. Rajati, F. Ram, U. Ranta, A. Rawaf, D.L. Rawaf, S. Reinig, N. Reis, C. Renzaho, A.M.N. Resnikoff, S. Rezaeian, S. Rezai, M.S. Rios González, C.M. Roberts, N.L.S. Roever, L. Ronfani, L. Roro, E.M. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Sabbagh, P. Sacco, R.L. Sachdev, P.S. Saddik, B. Safari, H. Safari-Faramani, R. Safi, S. Safiri, S. Sagar, R. Sahathevan, R. Sahebkar, A. Sahraian, M.A. Salamati, P. Salehi Zahabi, S. Salimi, Y. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Santos, I.S. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sarrafzadegan, N. Sartorius, B. Sarvi, S. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Sawant, A.R. Sawhney, M. Schneider, I.J.C. Schöttker, B. Schwebel, D.C. Seedat, S. Sepanlou, S.G. Shabaninejad, H. Shafieesabet, A. Shaikh, M.A. Shakir, R.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharif, M. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. She, J. Sheikh, A. Sheth, K.N. Shigematsu, M. Shiri, R. Shirkoohi, R. Shiue, I. Siabani, S. Siddiqi, T.J. Sigfusdottir, I.D. Sigurvinsdottir, R. Silberberg, D.H. Silva, J.P. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, J.A. Sinha, D.N. Skiadaresi, E. Smith, M. Sobaih, B.H. Sobhani, S. Soofi, M. Soyiri, I.N. Sposato, L.A. Stein, D.J. Stein, M.B. Stokes, M.A. Sufiyan, M.B. Sykes, B.L. Sylaja, P. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Te Ao, B.J. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Temsah, M.-H. Temsah, O. Thakur, J.S. Thrift, A.G. Topor-Madry, R. Tortajada-Girbés, M. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Truelsen, T.C. Tsadik, A.G. Tudor Car, L. Ukwaja, K.N. Ullah, I. Usman, M.S. Uthman, O.A. Valdez, P.R. Vasankari, T.J. Vasanthan, R. Veisani, Y. Venketasubramanian, N. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Vosoughi, K. Vu, G.T. Vujcic, I.S. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Wang, Y.-P. Weiderpass, E. Weiss, J. Whiteford, H.A. Wijeratne, T. Winkler, A.S. Wiysonge, C.S. Wolfe, C.D.A. Xu, G. Yadollahpour, A. Yamada, T. Yano, Y. Yaseri, M. Yatsuya, H. Yimer, E.M. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zandian, H. Zare, Z. Zhang, Y. Zodpey, S. Naghavi, M. Murray, C.J.L. Vos, T. GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators

Abstract

Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders. Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable). Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

Published
2019

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