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Organizations are facing a disrupted environment, which results in a need for managers who can quickly respond to volatile conditions. Such conditions lead to changes in traditional leadership and the construction of new leadership recognized by contemporary literature as digital leadership (DL). The main objective of this research paper is to examine the levels of DL and digital maturity (DM) in small and medium-sized Croatian companies in the context of digital transformation (DT). The research sample included 156 companies, and the results indicated relatively high levels of DL; indeed, nearly four companies achieved the highest level of DM. The results indicated a negative correlation between the level of DL and DM. Gender was shown to have an impact on the level of DL, while it was not indicated that gender has an impact on the level of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of supervisory and board of directors in companies is extremely important for the successful operation of companies. Nowadays, women in the workplace, and especially in management positions, encounter a form of discrimination that has its own professional name - the phenomenon of "glass ceiling". Therefore, it is very important to analyze the representation of women and men on the company's supervisory board and board of directors. This paper will explain women's leadership style, differences between men's and women's leadership style, and the problems that women in employment, and especially in promotion. The aim off this paper is to determine whether the "glass ceiling" phenomenon is prominent in Croatian companies and to what extent. In addition, women's representation in senior positions will be related to business performance criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research is to examine the involvement of institutional investors in the corporate governance of companies in their portfolio by analyzing characteristics of institutional investors with respect to the type of investment, investment time horizon, and degree of involvement in the process of managing a company. The paper will outline the attitudes of managers on the level of investors' involvement in the governance process in order to identify determinants of investment decisions, decisions to take corrective actions to enhance corporate governance, or decisions to leave the ownership structure. A qualitative approach was chosen, consisting of a series of structural interviews with 25 fund managers of different types of institutional investors. The results indicate that institutional investors are involved in the corporate governance of their portfolio companies, and that control mechanisms they use include voting rights, direct communication with the management with the aim of discussing strategies for future development, and collaboration with other institutional investors in the ownership structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this study is to analyze investment efficiency of pension funds by examining the portfolios of four mandatory pension funds (AZ, Erste Plavi, PBZ Croatia osiguranje and Raiffeisen). In this study, the pension system is analyzed through two step procedure. The study will first focus on pension fund portfolios, models of investments and risks that should be taken in account. Also, legal regulations are described which outline the business framework of pension funds and systems. After legal regulations short literature review is also given. Secondly, there will be an analysis of the current portfolios of pension funds and it will be tested whether they can be optimized by means of a mathematical maximization formula. In order to analyze the impact of pension funds, it was necessary to overview lists of the investments undertaken by the four mandatory pension funds in the period from 2015 to 2019. The analysis of investment optimization, together with the method for a mathematical return maximization in pension funds of category A and B, has found that there is room for increasing investments in stocks and consequently maximize returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]