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Introduction: This study aimed to explore common characteristics among top basketball teams, differentiate attacking and defensive performance between top and bottom teams, and correlate attacking and defensive performance with final competition rankings during the 2019 Men's Basketball World Cup, as well as to determine the relationship between performance indicators and the attacking and defensive performance. In addition, the study aimed to determine the attacking and defensive level of the top and bottom eight teams and find their existing problems and shortcomings, to further improve their competitive basketball strength, and also provided valid and reliable information for coaches to conduct targeted training in the future. Methods: The rank-sum ratio (RSR) was employed to evaluate the attack, defense, and overall attacking and defensive performance between the top and bottom teams during the 2019 Men's Basketball World Cup. Additionally, an independent sample T-test was conducted to test the difference in performance indicators of attack and defense between the top eight and bottom eight teams. Spearman Rho Correlation was conducted to determine the relationship between the attacking and defensive RSR value and the final competition ranking at the 0.05 confidence level. Pearson Correlation was employed to test the relationship between the performance indicators and the attacking and defensive RSR value at the 0.05 confidence level. According to Spearman and Pearson Correlation, the indicators which contributed most to the attacking and defensive performance, as well as the correlation between attack and defense and the final ranking, can thus be determined. Results: The results showed that the attacking performance of the top eight teams was far better than the bottom eight teams in terms of average points (p = 0.000), 2-point shoot percentage (p = 0.001), 3-point shoot percentage (p = 0.003), free throw percentage (p = 0.001), turnovers (p = 0.012), and assi

This study aims to examine the effects of resistance versus complex exercise with the retention of post-activation potentiation (PAP) on vertical jump among volleyball players. A total of 30 volleyball players (mean age = 16.5 ± 1.106 years old) were recruited as participants of this study. The participants were requested to attend two different testing sessions, with two days between each session. Each session had a different exercise routine, namely, resistance and complex. A one-way repeated measure was used to analyse the performance of the vertical jump, while a pairwise comparison was applied to compare the retention of PAP between the resistance and complex exercises. The findings show that there is a significant interaction for both warm-up exercises; [(F(1,29)=1275.57, p=0.000] for resistance exercise and [(F(1,29) = 1456.83, p= 0.000] for complex exercise. The retention analysis for PAP effect also indicates that there is a significant difference between the two warm-up activities in vertical jump performance. In conclusion, this study reveals that both exercises managed to increase PAP among volleyball players. However, complex exercise is suggested to be combined with the warm-up method as it can maintain a longer retention than resistance exercise.

Background: The isolated effect of resistance training (RT) on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) is crucial when prescribing suitable training programmes for healthy individuals. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare BP and HRV responses in physically active men after an acute RT session with loads of 5-, 10- or 15-repetition maximums (5RM, 10RM and 15RM). Method: Eighty-one men (age: 21.6±1.1yr; body mass: 74.1±5.8 kg; height: 175.3 ±7.1cm) who performed moderate to vigorous physical activities for at least 30 min a day on most days of the week participated in this study. After the of 5RM loads for the bent-over row (BR), bench press (BEP), Dead-lift (DL) and squats (SQ), participants were divided into three training load groups (15RM = GrpL, 10RM = GrpM or 5RM = GrpH). During the experimental session, each group (n=27) performed 3 sets for each of the four exercise, with 2-min rest intervals between sets and exercises with their assigned training load. BP and HRV were measured prior to, immediately after, and at 15-min intervals until two hours post-experiment. Results: All three groups attained improved BP (p = .001) reductions and longer HRV (p = .0001) changes after an acute exercise session but the GrpM (10RM) and and GrpL (15RM) performed better than GrpH (5RM). Conclusion: Strength and conditioning professionals may prescribe exercises with 10-15RM loads if the aim is to obtain an acute reduction in BP after an RT session.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common disabling health problem that can cause decreased spine proprioception. Stochastic resonance (SR) can influence detection performance, besides improving patients with significant sensory deficits, but have not been thoroughly tested for LBP. This study aimed to examine the application of SR therapy (SRT) and strength training for LBP treatment. The subject was a resistance-trained male in his early thirties. His back pain was unbearable after a strength training session. Standard pain relief alleviated the pain but the LBP developed at a similar intensity after 4 weeks. SRT (4–5 sets ×90 sec, 30-sec rest interval, supine position) was prescribed along with other exercises for 3 weeks (phase 1), and followed by tailor-made strength training for 16 weeks (phase 2). The Oswestry Disability Index was 66.7% (interpreted as “crippled”) prior to first SRT, and reduced to minimal levels of 15.6% and 6.7% after four and seven SRT sessions, respectively. Similarly, pain intensity was ranging from 5 to 9 (distracting-severe) of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) prior to the first session but this was reduced considerably after four sessions (NRS-11: 0–1). During phase 2, the patient performed without complaining of LBP, two repetitions of bench press exercise at a load intensity of 1.2 his body weight and attained 4 min of plank stabilisation. This LBP management strategy has a clinically meaningful effect on pain intensity, disability, and functional mobility, by receding the recurrent distracting to severe LBP.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of daily undulating periodisation (DUP) and session undulating periodisation (SUP) for maintaining strength and power over a 3-wk period in a group of resistance-trained women. DUP comprised one session each of strength and power training while DUP combined both strength and power training within each session. Both training programmes were equalised for training volume and intensity. Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained women were pre-tested for body mass, mid-arm and mid-thigh girths, one-repetition maximum (1 RM) dynamic squat (SQ) and bench press (BP), and power during countermovement jumps (CMJ) and bench press throws (BPT). The 1 RM SQ and BP data were used to assign the participants into groups for twice a week training. Results: A two-way (group x time) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures for time found no significant changes in body mass, mid-arm girth, 1 RM BP and SQ, and BPT and CMJ power for both groups. However, significant changes in mid-thigh girth were found (F1, 13 = 5.733, p = 0.032). Pooled BP data indicated improved upper body strength (BP: F1, 13 = 6.346, p = 0.025) and decreased CMJ power (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Both DUP and SUP programmes increased upper-body strength and maintained lower-body strength adequately across a 3-wk phase probably because the participants were weaker in the upper-body and the lower-body had a reduced capacity for strength adaptations and improvements.

Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan kesan manipulasi fokus penumpuan (fokus luaran dan dalaman) terhadap pembelajaran kemahiran lontaran pointing petanque dengan mengawal faktor kebolehan kognitif dan efikasi-kendiri. Kajian-kajian terdahulu didapati tidak mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor ini dalam mengkaji kesan tersebut. Justeru, isu ini penting untuk ditangani bagi memastikan kesan fokus penumpuan terhadap pembelajaran kemahiran motor tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang juga didapati memberi kesan terhadap pembelajaran tersebut. Untuk itu seramai 135 orang peserta lelaki yang tiada pengalaman dalam permainan petanque telah dipilih untuk menyertai kajian ini. Mereka juga terdiri daripada individu dengan tahap kebolehan kognitif yang sama (tahap sederhana) yang ditentukan menggunakan Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) (Raven, Court, & Raven, 1988). Efikasi-kendiri peserta pula diukur menggunakan soal selidik yang diadaptasi dari panduan membina skala efikasi-kendiri oleh Bandura (2006). Secara umumnya dapatan kajian menyokong kajian terdahulu yang mendapati fokus penumpuan luaran memberi manfaat kepada pembelajaran kemahiran lontaran pointing petanque manakala peranan yang dimainkan oleh kebolehan kognitif dan efikasi-kendiri dibincangkan dengan lebih terperinci.

This study examined the significance of movement pattern recognition ability in the judging performance of 30 rhythmic gymnastics judges who were classified correspondingly as expert, non-expert and novice. Results indicated that the expert and non-expert participants were superior to the novice participants in their movement pattern recognition ability and their judging performance but there were no differences between the expert and non-expert participants. When the participants were regrouped according to their movement pattern recognition ability; low, average and high, the results showed that there were very significant differences in the judging performances of the three groups classified according to their movement pattern recognition ability. This suggests that movement pattern recognition ability influences the judging performance of a rhythmic gymnastics judge.

Depending on the intensity of a physical activity, exercise may impose negative effects on health. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the exercise modes with variety intensity levels on the serum concentration of lipid peroxidation and muscle damage markers in sedentary males. Eighty one sedentary healthy males were randomly divided intosix groups; three groups attending single-session aerobic exercise with low (n=14), moderate (n=14), and high (n=13) intensities, and three groups were subjected to single-session resistance exercise with low (n=13), moderate (n=13), and high (n=14) intensities. Data analysis showed that the mode of exercise has similar effect on the serum levels of malondial dehyde (MDA)and creatine kinase (CK). It was also found that the observed difference in the effect of low intensity levels of the modes of exercise was statistically significant, only for MDA post-test, not for CK. No significant differences w ere observed between the effect of both moderate and high intensity levels of aerobic and resistance exercise on both MDA and CK post-test. The results of this study suggest the low intensity level of aerobic and resistance exercise to be applied for more preparation, physical fitness and adaptation to prevent lipid peroxidation and muscle damage in sedentary males.

The purpose of the present study was to determine if significant differences exist between two different models; linear periodization (LP) and daily undulating periodization (DUP), in eliciting superior gains in muscular endurance for back squat and bench press. This study may shed some light on which model could elicit more improvement in muscular endurance in adolescent athletes. Twenty adolescent hockey players underwent a 12 weeks weight training program. They were tested for lower-body muscular endurance (70% of estimated 1RM back squat) and upper-body muscular endurance (70% of estimated 1RM bench press). Following initial testing, subjects were randomly matched to one of the two training groups with ten subjects in each group. Subjects performed the programmed exercises twice a week throughout the training period, with volume and intensity equated for both groups at the end of the experimental period. The LP group linearly changed intensity and volume over each 4-week training phase, while the DUP group changed intensity and volume daily. Muscular endurance for back squat (LP=51.11%, DUP=61.60%) and bench press (LP=55.83%, DUP=48.48%) increased significantly (p < .05) at all time points (T1- T3). However, there were no significant differences (p > .05) between groups at all time points. Therefore each of the two training models proved effective in increasing back squat and bench press muscular endurance over the course of 12 weeks.

The generation of free radical species may represent the negative aspect of exercise. There are a lot of data which have been shown an association between exercise and the increased free radical formation. Living cellular damage may lead human towards hasty aging and variant cancers. It is widely agreed that with increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, decreased intake of unsaturated fat and moderate exercise will enhance fitness and improved cardiovascular health of the population in most of the developed and near-developed countries. Vitamin E and Curcumin have been known as a strong Antioxidant for prevent of the lipid peroxidation and improve the antioxidant defense system. Curcumin is a phenolic compound presented as a strong anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-septic property, widely used in Indian medicine and culinary traditions. Recent investigation has shown that curcumin prevents lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breakage. This review have been shown the effect of the curcumin and vitamin E supplement on the lippid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system specify during the exercise.

The present study was conducting to examine the relationship between maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and body fat percent among international students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. VO2max and body fat percent are importance factors at health and sport research. Twenty six male student (26 +/- 5 years old in age and 168 +/- 5 cm in high and 73 +/- 5 kg in weight) at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Maximal were participated at this investigation. Oxygen Uptake and body fat percent have been measured by the routine protocols. At the end of this research have been shown signification and negative correlation (-0.042) between the VO2max and body fat percent. Results of this investigation show that there is negative correlation between maximum oxygen uptake and body fat percent. Increase the VO2max have been shown with decrease and improve on body composition.

Purpose: This study compared linear (LP) and undulating periodization (UP) on strength changes in untrained women when total workload and average training intensity were matched by the end of training. Methods: Twenty females (20 ± 2 yr) were conditioned (3 wk) and assessed for one-repetition maximum squat (1RMSQ) and bench press (1RMBP) before being assigned to LP or UP training (9 wk), with training performed at 3 d·wk−1. Maximal strength, average power output during squat jumps with countermovement (SQJpwr) and bench press throws (BPTpwr), body mass, limb girth, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed at baseline (T1) and after every 3 wk (T2, T3, and T4) to differentiate the efficacy of LP and UP training. Results: Both groups improved significantly (P < 0.05) in 1RMSQ (LP 34.8%, UP 41.2%), 1RMBP (LP 21.8%, UP 28.3%), SQJpwr (LP 10.4%, UP 9.5%), BPTpwr (LP 11.1%, UP 13.8%), arm girth (LP 1.14%, UP 1.73%), and thigh girth (LP 1.58%, UP 1.99%), with no significant difference between them. Muscle CSA for the LP group increased significantly at T2 before maintaining similar hypertrophic responses until T4, whereas the UP group recorded significant increments from T1 to T2 and T2 to T3, before stabilizing between T3 and T4. Pooled CSA increase was higher than previously found (6.8% at T2, 11.3% at T3, and 11.8% at T4). Conclusions: The comparison of LP and UP training with matched volume load and intensity suggests that both programs were equally adept in improving different strength qualities in active but untrained women. In addition, muscle hypertrophic responses were larger and occurred earlier than previously reported.

In order to compare four modes of exercise in improving health-related fitness, 119 women from Universiti Putra Malaysia (mean age = 28.77 years) were randomly assigned to control or four experimental groups. The experimental groups completed ten weeks of training frequency set at three days per week, with one group being the control, and one group each training on one type of exercise machine. The exercise machines used were the Treadmill, the Body Tone II, the Gravity Walker and the OrbiTrek. Pretest and posttest were performed on ten measures representing the five healthrelated fitness components. Measures were taken on estimated V02 max, l-RM bench press, l-RM leg press, back strength, bench press repetition, leg press repetition, standing trunk flexion, trunk and neck extension, hip flexion, and percent body-fat. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the difference between pretest and post test scores. This was followed by Tukey's post hoc test. F tests indicated that all four exercise machines elicited significantly higher scores than the control on all measures (F4,1l4 =2.45, P <.05) except for l-RM leg press, leg press endurance and percent body-fat. No significant changes were observed for percent body-fat among all groups. For the l-RM leg press and leg press endurance, the Treadmill group did not show significant improvements when compared to the control or the other experimental groups. However significant differences were not observed among the experimental groups. These results suggest that training on the four exercise machines was associated with significant improvement in all of the health-related fitness components with the exception of body composition. However, there appears to be no advantage of using any one of the machines over the others to improve physical fitness of previously sedentary women.