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1. Concentration-Based Inference for Evaluating Horizontal Mergers

Author

Koh, Paul S.

Subjects
Economics - General Economics
Abstract

Antitrust authorities routinely rely on concentration measures to evaluate the potential negative impacts of mergers. Using a first-order approximation argument with logit and CES demand, I show that the welfare effect of a merger on consumer surplus is proportional to the change in the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, where the proportionality coefficient depends on price responsiveness parameter, market size, and the distribution of merging firms' shares. This paper elucidates how HHI measures inform the market power effects of mergers.

Published
2024

2. Market Definition: A Sensitivity Analysis

Author

Koh, Paul S.

Subjects
Economics - General Economics
Abstract

Market definition holds significant importance in antitrust cases, yet achieving consensus on the correct approach remains elusive. As a result, analysts routinely entertain multiple market definitions to ensure the resilience of their conclusions. I propose a simple framework for conducting organized sensitivity analysis with respect to market definition. I model candidate market definitions as partially ordered and use a Hasse diagram, a directed acyclic graph representing a finite partial order, to summarize the sensitivity analysis. I use the Shapley value and the Shapley-Shubik power index to quantify the average marginal contribution of each firm in driving the conclusion. I illustrate the method's usefulness with an application to the Albertsons/Safeway (2015) merger.

Published
2024

3. Prediction of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy efficacy for cancer using routine blood tests and clinical data

Author

Yoo, Seong-Keun, Fitzgerald, Conall W., Cho, Byuri Angela, Fitzgerald, Bailey G., Han, Catherine, Koh, Elizabeth S., Pandey, Abhinav, Sfreddo, Hannah, Crowley, Fionnuala, Korostin, Michelle Rudshteyn, Debnath, Neha, Leyfman, Yan, Valero, Cristina, Lee, Mark, Vos, Joris L., Lee, Andrew Sangho, Zhao, Karena, Lam, Stanley, Olumuyide, Ezekiel, Kuo, Fengshen, Wilson, Eric A., Hamon, Pauline, Hennequin, Clotilde, Saffern, Miriam, Vuong, Lynda, Hakimi, A. Ari, Brown, Brian, Merad, Miriam, Gnjatic, Sacha, Bhardwaj, Nina, Galsky, Matthew D., Schadt, Eric E., Samstein, Robert M., Marron, Thomas U., Gönen, Mithat, Morris, Luc G. T., and Chowell, Diego

Published
2025
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4. Merger Analysis with Latent Price

Author

Koh, Paul S.

Subjects
Economics - Econometrics
Abstract

Standard empirical tools for merger analysis assume price data, which are often unavailable. I characterize sufficient conditions for identifying the unilateral effects of mergers without price data using the first-order approach and merger simulation. Data on merging firms' revenues, margins, and revenue diversion ratios are sufficient to identify their gross upward pricing pressure indices and compensating marginal cost reductions. Standard discrete-continuous demand assumptions facilitate the identification of revenue diversion ratios as well as the feasibility of merger simulation in terms of percentage change in price. I apply the framework to the Albertsons/Safeway (2015) and Staples/Office Depot (2016) mergers.

Published
2024

10. Sperm donor relations among adult offspring conceived via insemination by lesbian parents

Author

Koh, Audrey S, Rothblum, Esther D, Bos, Henny M.W., Carone, Nicola, and Gartrell, Nanette K

Subjects
same-sex couples, relationships and parenting, women, families
Abstract

ABSTRACTAim: The present study examined how adult offspring of lesbian parents relate to their anonymous, open-identity, or known donors.Design: An online survey of 75 donor-conceived offspring of lesbian parents, aged 30–33 years, participating in Wave 7 of a U.S. 36-year longitudinal study of planned lesbian-parent families was conducted. Offspring were asked about donor type, motivations for contacting the donor, terminology for the donor, relationshipquality, means of relationship maintenance, impact of donor contact on offspring’s other family members, and their feelings about the donor.Results: Twenty offspring with anonymous donors and 15 with open-identity donors whom they had not contacted felt comfortable not knowing their donors. Forty offspring knew their donors – anonymous, contacted through an online registry (n = 7), open-identity,contacted (n = 9), or known since childhood (n = 24).Offspring who had contacted their donor since age 18 had theirmotivations fulfilled after contact, got along well with him, did not view him as a relative, and had told most family members about their contact, without detriment. Whether the donor was unknownor known at this stage of their lives, most offspring were satisfied with their contact level.Conclusion: This cohort of donor-conceived offspring of lesbian parents was among the first to reach adulthood during a time oftechnological advances in DNA testing, giving access to anonymous donors via online registries. The results inform donors,families, mental health providers, medical providers and public policymakers, on whether, how, and to what degree donor-conceived offspring optimally make donor contact.

Published
2023

13. High-throughput telomere length measurement at nucleotide resolution using the PacBio high fidelity sequencing platform

Author

Tham, Cheng-Yong, Poon, LaiFong, Yan, TingDong, Koh, Javier Yu Peng, Ramlee, Muhammad Khairul, Teoh, Vania Swee Imm, Zhang, Suihan, Cai, Yi, Hong, Zebin, Lee, Gina S, Liu, Jin, Song, Hai Wei, Hwang, William Ying Khee, Teh, Bin Tean, Tan, Patrick, Xu, Lifeng, Koh, Angela S, Osato, Motomi, and Li, Shang

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Aging, Biotechnology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Aetiology, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Telomere, Shelterin Complex
Abstract

Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. The progressive shortening of steady-state telomere length in normal human somatic cells is a promising biomarker for age-associated diseases. However, there remain substantial challenges in quantifying telomere length due to the lack of high-throughput method with nucleotide resolution for individual telomere. Here, we describe a workflow to capture telomeres using newly designed telobaits in human culture cell lines as well as clinical patient samples and measure their length accurately at nucleotide resolution using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Our results also reveal the extreme heterogeneity of telomeric variant sequences (TVSs) that are dispersed throughout the telomere repeat region. The presence of TVSs disrupts the continuity of the canonical (5'-TTAGGG-3')n telomere repeats, which affects the binding of shelterin complexes at the chromosomal ends and telomere protection. These findings may have profound implications in human aging and diseases.

Published
2023

14. Estimating Discrete Games of Complete Information: Bringing Logit Back in the Game

Author

Koh, Paul S.

Subjects
Economics - Econometrics
Abstract

Estimating discrete games of complete information is often computationally difficult due to partial identification and the absence of closed-form moment characterizations. This paper proposes computationally tractable approaches to estimation and inference that remove the computational burden associated with equilibria enumeration, numerical simulation, and grid search. Separately for unordered and ordered-actions games, I construct an identified set characterized by a finite set of generalized likelihood-based conditional moment inequalities that are convex in (a subvector of) structural model parameters under the standard logit assumption on unobservables. I use simulation and empirical examples to show that the proposed approaches generate informative identified sets and can be several orders of magnitude faster than existing estimation methods.

Published
2022

15. Stable Outcomes and Information in Games: An Empirical Framework

Author

Koh, Paul S.

Subjects
Economics - Econometrics
Abstract

Empirically, many strategic settings are characterized by stable outcomes in which players' decisions are publicly observed, yet no player takes the opportunity to deviate. To analyze such situations in the presence of incomplete information, we build an empirical framework by introducing a novel solution concept that we call Bayes stable equilibrium. Our framework allows the researcher to be agnostic about players' information and the equilibrium selection rule. The Bayes stable equilibrium identified set collapses to the complete information pure strategy Nash equilibrium identified set under strong assumptions on players' information. Furthermore, all else equal, it is weakly tighter than the Bayes correlated equilibrium identified set. We also propose computationally tractable approaches for estimation and inference. In an application, we study the strategic entry decisions of McDonald's and Burger King in the US. Our results highlight the identifying power of informational assumptions and show that the Bayes stable equilibrium identified set can be substantially tighter than the Bayes correlated equilibrium identified set. In a counterfactual experiment, we examine the impact of increasing access to healthy food on the market structures in Mississippi food deserts.

Published
2022
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27. Establishing Priorities for the International Confederation of Plastic Surgery Societies

Author

Cooter, Rodney D, Brightman, Louise A, Clarke, Howard M, Cruz, Norma I, Evans, Greg RD, Koh, Kyung S, Murphy, Robert X, Perks, Graeme AB, and Rakhorst, Hinne A

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Quality Education, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundThe mission of the International Confederation of Plastic Surgery Societies (ICOPLAST) is to improve patient outcomes through collaboratively structured processes in education, advocacy and communication. This article explains how we approached the task of establishing priorities for this nascent confederation in an equitable and achievable manner.MethodsIn late 2016, an online survey was sent to the inaugural 62 ICOPLAST member national societies for dissemination to their respective plastic surgeon members. Functional domains and proposed initiatives were ranked according to their level of importance by individual plastic surgeons.ResultsThe survey was completed by 572 plastic surgeons. As a functional domain, education was highly ranked by 75.3% of respondents, followed by patient safety (67.4%), communication (59.3%), humanitarian (46.6%), regulation (41.2%), and advocacy (41.1%). Respondents also ranked individual initiatives within each domain to produce a compilation list of the top 13 initiatives of importance.ConclusionThis study has identified priorities of importance to ICOPLAST members, which will aid in building a strategic framework and enhancing outcomes for patients, plastic surgeons, and the field of plastic surgery more broadly.

Published
2018

29. Current status of liver surgery for non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases: the NON.LI.MET. Italian Society for Endoscopic Surgery and New Technologies (SICE) and Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe (ACIE) collaborative international survey

Author

Libia, A, Podda, M, Di Martino, M, Pata, F, Pellino, G, Di Saverio, S, Anselmo, A, Muttillo, E, De Pastena, M, Campanile, F, Ielpo, B, Spampinato, M, Guerrieri, M, Agresta, F, Cuccurullo, D, Sartori, A, D'Ambrosio, G, Anania, G, Agrusa, A, Allaix, M, Balla, A, Botteri, E, Bracale, U, Ceccarelli, G, Milone, M, Moretto, G, Muttillo, I, Perrotta, N, Pirozzi, F, Ortenzi, M, Ioannidis, A, Stavrou, G, Gica, N, Benzoni, E, Rosa, F, Visag-Castillo, V, Award, S, Machairas, N, Manrique, M, Marino, M, De Nobili, G, Sira-gusa, L, Iossa, A, de Santibanes, M, Lisi, G, De Luca, A, Giuliani, A, Perra, T, Porcu, A, Cillara, N, Giordano, A, Laureiro, Z, Papa, M, Clementi, M, Tamini, N, Soreide, K, Mazzarella, G, Pio, L, Dopazo, C, Argenio, G, An-nechiarico, M, Andreuccetti, J, Calvo, M, Cinardi, N, Angelico, R, Nari, G, Saldino, E, Gazia, C, Anis, B, Machian, G, Romic, I, Bellido-luque, J, Pandanapoyana, S, Roscio, F, Pattaccini, G, Frazzetta, G, Lim, R, Delvecchio, A, Primavesi, F, Rodrigeuz-Lopez, M, Formisano, G, Delogu, D, Umar, M, Elisa, S, Del Basso, C, D'Alessandro, A, Sandri, G, Menna, M, De Simone, B, al-Najami, I, Curro, G, Hila, J, Quaresima, S, Cervellera, M, Sanberg, J, Cestaro, G, Capuano, M, Ammendola, M, Pinotti, E, Palomba, G, Tonini, V, Baiocchi, G, Saraceno, F, Calini, G, Reccia, I, Dasari, B, Poillucci, G, Frontali, A, Marconi, M, Bertilone, E, Basile, E, Toneto, M, Coletta, D, Cacciaguerra, A, Umar Younis, M, Merlini, D, Julianov, A, Harish, N, Morelli, L, Marone, M, Lo Conte, D, D'Ugo, S, D'Acapito, F, Saroglu, A, Santambrogio, R, Giuffrida, M, Furbetta, N, Lopez-Lopez, V, Panyko, A, Romano, F, Murillo, G, Spartalis, M, Spartalis, E, Castaldi, A, Koh, P, Koong, J, Santiago, M, Grazi, G, Martinez-Mier, G, Beatriz, D, Gkekas, I, Ioannidis, O, Lujan, S, Carneros, V, Madrid, F, Baroffio, P, Rashid, A, Irkorucu, O, Ros, E, Perez-Bertolez, S, Schizas, D, Machain, G, Altinel, Y, Veroux, M, Corallino, D, Lorenzin, D, Negoi, I, Barabi-no, M, Piccino, M, Grossi, U, Fernandez, A, Saeidi, S, Maritato, S, Picco-lo, G, Serradilla-Martin, M, Esposito, G, Albanesi, F, Lammel-Lindemann, J, Libia A., Podda M., Di Martino M., Pata F., Pellino G., Di Saverio S., Anselmo A., Muttillo E. M., De Pastena M., Campanile F. C., Ielpo B., Spampinato M. G., Guerrieri M., Agresta F., Cuccurullo D., Sartori A., D'Ambrosio G., Anania G., Agrusa A., Allaix M. E., Balla A., Botteri E., Bracale U., Ceccarelli G., Milone M., Moretto G., Muttillo I., Perrotta N., Pirozzi F., Ortenzi M., Ioannidis A., Stavrou G., Gica N., Benzoni E., Rosa F., Visag-Castillo V., Award S. S., Machairas N., Manrique M. M., Marino M., De Nobili G., Sira-gusa L., Iossa A., de Santibanes M., Lisi G., De Luca A., Giuliani A., Perra T., Porcu A., Cillara N., Giordano A., Laureiro Z. L., Papa M. V., Clementi M., Tamini N., Soreide K., Mazzarella G., Pio L., Dopazo C., Argenio G., An-nechiarico M., Andreuccetti J., Calvo M. P., Cinardi N., Angelico R., Nari G. A., Saldino E., Gazia C., Anis B., Machian G. M., Romic I., Bellido-luque J., Pandanapoyana S., Roscio F., Pattaccini G. C., Frazzetta G., Lim R., Delvecchio A. -L., Primavesi F., Rodrigeuz-Lopez M., Formisano G., Delogu D., Umar M., Elisa S., Del Basso C., d'Alessandro A., Sandri G. B. L., Menna M. P., De Simone B., al-Najami I., Curro G., Hila J., Quaresima S., Cervellera M., Sanberg J., Cestaro G., Capuano M., Ammendola M., Pinotti E., Palomba G., Tonini V., Baiocchi G. L., Saraceno F., Calini G., Reccia I., Dasari B. V. M., Poillucci G., Frontali A., Marconi M., Bertilone E., Basile E., Toneto M. G., Coletta D., Cacciaguerra A. B., Umar Younis M., Merlini D. A., Julianov A., Harish N. L., Morelli L., Marone M., Lo Conte D., D'Ugo S., D'Acapito F., Saroglu A., Santambrogio R., Giuffrida M., Furbetta N., Lopez-Lopez V., Panyko A., Romano F., Murillo G. A. A., Spartalis M., Spartalis E., Castaldi A., Koh P. S., Koong J. K., Santiago M. J. C., Grazi G. L., Martinez-Mier G., Beatriz D. A. -A., Gkekas I., Ioannidis O., Lujan S. A. W., Carneros V. J. E., Madrid F., Baroffio P., Rashid A. -S., Irkorucu O., Ros E. P. N., Perez-Bertolez S., Schizas D., Machain G. M., Altinel Y., Veroux M., Corallino D., Lorenzin D., Negoi I., Barabi-no M., Piccino M., Grossi U., Fernandez A. J. G., Saeidi S., Maritato S., Picco-lo G., Serradilla-Martin M., Esposito G., Albanesi F., Lammel-Lindemann J., Libia, A, Podda, M, Di Martino, M, Pata, F, Pellino, G, Di Saverio, S, Anselmo, A, Muttillo, E, De Pastena, M, Campanile, F, Ielpo, B, Spampinato, M, Guerrieri, M, Agresta, F, Cuccurullo, D, Sartori, A, D'Ambrosio, G, Anania, G, Agrusa, A, Allaix, M, Balla, A, Botteri, E, Bracale, U, Ceccarelli, G, Milone, M, Moretto, G, Muttillo, I, Perrotta, N, Pirozzi, F, Ortenzi, M, Ioannidis, A, Stavrou, G, Gica, N, Benzoni, E, Rosa, F, Visag-Castillo, V, Award, S, Machairas, N, Manrique, M, Marino, M, De Nobili, G, Sira-gusa, L, Iossa, A, de Santibanes, M, Lisi, G, De Luca, A, Giuliani, A, Perra, T, Porcu, A, Cillara, N, Giordano, A, Laureiro, Z, Papa, M, Clementi, M, Tamini, N, Soreide, K, Mazzarella, G, Pio, L, Dopazo, C, Argenio, G, An-nechiarico, M, Andreuccetti, J, Calvo, M, Cinardi, N, Angelico, R, Nari, G, Saldino, E, Gazia, C, Anis, B, Machian, G, Romic, I, Bellido-luque, J, Pandanapoyana, S, Roscio, F, Pattaccini, G, Frazzetta, G, Lim, R, Delvecchio, A, Primavesi, F, Rodrigeuz-Lopez, M, Formisano, G, Delogu, D, Umar, M, Elisa, S, Del Basso, C, D'Alessandro, A, Sandri, G, Menna, M, De Simone, B, al-Najami, I, Curro, G, Hila, J, Quaresima, S, Cervellera, M, Sanberg, J, Cestaro, G, Capuano, M, Ammendola, M, Pinotti, E, Palomba, G, Tonini, V, Baiocchi, G, Saraceno, F, Calini, G, Reccia, I, Dasari, B, Poillucci, G, Frontali, A, Marconi, M, Bertilone, E, Basile, E, Toneto, M, Coletta, D, Cacciaguerra, A, Umar Younis, M, Merlini, D, Julianov, A, Harish, N, Morelli, L, Marone, M, Lo Conte, D, D'Ugo, S, D'Acapito, F, Saroglu, A, Santambrogio, R, Giuffrida, M, Furbetta, N, Lopez-Lopez, V, Panyko, A, Romano, F, Murillo, G, Spartalis, M, Spartalis, E, Castaldi, A, Koh, P, Koong, J, Santiago, M, Grazi, G, Martinez-Mier, G, Beatriz, D, Gkekas, I, Ioannidis, O, Lujan, S, Carneros, V, Madrid, F, Baroffio, P, Rashid, A, Irkorucu, O, Ros, E, Perez-Bertolez, S, Schizas, D, Machain, G, Altinel, Y, Veroux, M, Corallino, D, Lorenzin, D, Negoi, I, Barabi-no, M, Piccino, M, Grossi, U, Fernandez, A, Saeidi, S, Maritato, S, Picco-lo, G, Serradilla-Martin, M, Esposito, G, Albanesi, F, Lammel-Lindemann, J, Libia A., Podda M., Di Martino M., Pata F., Pellino G., Di Saverio S., Anselmo A., Muttillo E. M., De Pastena M., Campanile F. C., Ielpo B., Spampinato M. G., Guerrieri M., Agresta F., Cuccurullo D., Sartori A., D'Ambrosio G., Anania G., Agrusa A., Allaix M. E., Balla A., Botteri E., Bracale U., Ceccarelli G., Milone M., Moretto G., Muttillo I., Perrotta N., Pirozzi F., Ortenzi M., Ioannidis A., Stavrou G., Gica N., Benzoni E., Rosa F., Visag-Castillo V., Award S. S., Machairas N., Manrique M. M., Marino M., De Nobili G., Sira-gusa L., Iossa A., de Santibanes M., Lisi G., De Luca A., Giuliani A., Perra T., Porcu A., Cillara N., Giordano A., Laureiro Z. L., Papa M. V., Clementi M., Tamini N., Soreide K., Mazzarella G., Pio L., Dopazo C., Argenio G., An-nechiarico M., Andreuccetti J., Calvo M. P., Cinardi N., Angelico R., Nari G. A., Saldino E., Gazia C., Anis B., Machian G. M., Romic I., Bellido-luque J., Pandanapoyana S., Roscio F., Pattaccini G. C., Frazzetta G., Lim R., Delvecchio A. -L., Primavesi F., Rodrigeuz-Lopez M., Formisano G., Delogu D., Umar M., Elisa S., Del Basso C., d'Alessandro A., Sandri G. B. L., Menna M. P., De Simone B., al-Najami I., Curro G., Hila J., Quaresima S., Cervellera M., Sanberg J., Cestaro G., Capuano M., Ammendola M., Pinotti E., Palomba G., Tonini V., Baiocchi G. L., Saraceno F., Calini G., Reccia I., Dasari B. V. M., Poillucci G., Frontali A., Marconi M., Bertilone E., Basile E., Toneto M. G., Coletta D., Cacciaguerra A. B., Umar Younis M., Merlini D. A., Julianov A., Harish N. L., Morelli L., Marone M., Lo Conte D., D'Ugo S., D'Acapito F., Saroglu A., Santambrogio R., Giuffrida M., Furbetta N., Lopez-Lopez V., Panyko A., Romano F., Murillo G. A. A., Spartalis M., Spartalis E., Castaldi A., Koh P. S., Koong J. K., Santiago M. J. C., Grazi G. L., Martinez-Mier G., Beatriz D. A. -A., Gkekas I., Ioannidis O., Lujan S. A. W., Carneros V. J. E., Madrid F., Baroffio P., Rashid A. -S., Irkorucu O., Ros E. P. N., Perez-Bertolez S., Schizas D., Machain G. M., Altinel Y., Veroux M., Corallino D., Lorenzin D., Negoi I., Barabi-no M., Piccino M., Grossi U., Fernandez A. J. G., Saeidi S., Maritato S., Picco-lo G., Serradilla-Martin M., Esposito G., Albanesi F., and Lammel-Lindemann J.

Abstract

Despite the increasing trend in liver resections for non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases (NCNNLM), the role of surgery for these liver malignancies is still debated. Registries are an essential, reliable tool for assessing epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach in a single hub, especially when data are dispersive and inconclusive, as in our case. The dissemination of this preliminary survey would allow us to understand if the creation of an International Registry is a viable option, while still offering a snapshot on this issue, investigating clinical practices worldwide. The steering committee designed an online questionnaire with Google Forms, which consisted of 37 questions, and was open from October 5th, 2022, to November 30th, 2022. It was disseminated using social media and mailing lists of the Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery and New Technologies (SICE), the Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe (ACIE), and the Spanish Chapter of the American College of Surgeons (ACS). Overall, 141 surgeons (approximately 18% of the total invitations sent) from 27 countries on four continents participated in the survey. Most respondents worked in general surgery units (62%), performing less than 50 liver resections/year (57%). A multidisciplinary discussion was currently performed to validate surgical indications for NCNNLM in 96% of respondents. The most commonly adopted selection criteria were liver resectability, RECIST criteria, and absence of extrahepatic disease. Primary tumors were generally of gastrointestinal (42%), breast (31%), and pancreaticobiliary origin (13%). The most common interventions were parenchymal-sparing resections (51% of respondents) of metachronous metastases with an open approach. Major post-operative complications (Clavien–Dindo > 2) occurred in up to 20% of the procedures, according to 44% of respondents. A subset analysis of data from high-volume centers (> 100 cases/year) showed lower post-operative com

Published
2024

34. Differences of Math Anxiety Groups Based on Two Measurements, MASS and EEG

Author

Choi-Koh, Sang S. and Ryoo, Byeong G.

Abstract

This article investigated how mathematic anxiety (MA) of Korean middle school students could be reduced by comparing analytically their cognitive neuroscience and questionnaire results. We developed a three-hour Complex Treatment Program (CTP) on quadratic functions for the study. In the summer of 2016, we collected data of the pre and post MA questionnaires by Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Students (MASS), the percent of correct answers (PCA) and reaction time (RT) by E-prime program, and also brain-imaging data of the event related potentials (ERP) by Electroencephalograph (EEG) using computer-based functional F-G model. The result indicated the CTP to be effective with the group with higher math anxiety and the group with higher achievement respectively. The MASS result was verified with the better performance of PCA on type G, which was measured by E-prime program. Some interesting patterns were revealed on brain-imaging data by EEG, indicating more brain activities with the MA groups.

Published
2019
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35. The association between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular death: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Author

Koh, Angela S, Pan, An, Wang, Renwei, Odegaard, Andrew O, Pereira, Mark A, Yuan, Jian-Min, and Koh, Woon-Puay

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Complementary and Integrative Health, Prevention, Nutrition, Heart Disease, Aging, Clinical Research, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Stroke, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Asian People, Cardiovascular Diseases, China, Diet, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Protective Factors, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Singapore, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, alpha-Linolenic Acid, Cardiovascular diseases, Chinese, epidemiology, fatty acids, mortality, nutrition, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

BackgroundAlthough studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids intake may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk, few studies have differentiated dietary eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and epidemiological research in Asian populations is limited.MethodsThe Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based cohort that recruited 63,257 Chinese adults aged 45-74 years from 1993 to 1998. Usual diet was measured at recruitment using a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and mortality information was identified via registry linkage up to 31 December 2011. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsWe documented 4780 cardiovascular deaths (including 2697 coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths and 1298 stroke deaths) during 890,473 person-years of follow up. Omega-3 fatty acids intake was monotonically associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular mortality. Compared to the lowest quartile, the HR was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.81-0.96), 0.88 (95% CI 0.80-0.97), and 0.83 (95% CI 0.74-0.92) for the second, third, and highest quartile, respectively (p-trend = 0.003). Both EPA/DHA and ALA were independently associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular mortality: HR comparing extreme quartiles was 0.86 (95% CI 0.77-0.96, p-trend = 0.002) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.73-0.90, p-trend

Published
2015

36. The effects of multidisciplinary collaborative care on cardiovascular risk factors among patients with diabetes in primary care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Tu, Qiang, Lin, Shuanglan, Hyun, Karice, Hafiz, Nashid, Manandi, Deborah, Koh, Angela S., and Redfern, Julie

Abstract

Multidisciplinary collaborative care has been widely recommended as an effective strategy for managing diabetes; however, the cardiovascular risk factors of patients with diabetes are often inadequately managed in primary care settings. This study aimed to assess the effect of multidisciplinary collaboration on cardiovascular risk factors among patients with diabetes in primary care settings. Five databases (i.e., Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SCOPUS and CENTRAL) were systematically searched to retrieve randomised controlled trials. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the interventions included a multidisciplinary team with professionals from at least three health disciplines and focused on patients with diabetes in primary care settings. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects. In total, 19 studies comprising 6538 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that compared with usual care, multidisciplinary collaborative care significantly reduced cardiovascular risk factors, including mean systolic blood pressure (–3.27 mm Hg, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: –4.72 to –1.82, p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (–1.4 mm Hg, 95 % CI: –2.32 to –0.47, p < 0.01), glycated haemoglobin (–0.42 %, 95 % CI: –0.59 to –0.25, p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (–0.16 mmol/L, 95 % CI: –0.26 to –0.06, p < 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (0.06 mmol/L, 95 % CI: 0.00–0.12, p < 0.05). The subgroup analysis showed multidisciplinary collaboration was more effective in reducing cardiovascular risk factors when it comprised team members from a number of different disciplines, combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological components, included both face-to-face and remote interactions and was implemented in high-income countries. Multidisciplinary collaborative care is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk factors among patients with diabetes in primary care. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the optimal team composition. • Multidisciplinary team reduces cardiovascular risk factors in adults with diabetes. • Multidisciplinary collaboration is an integral component of primary care. • Digital health is beneficial in improving the effects of team collaboration. • Multidisciplinary team is predominantly available in high-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Glucose metabolism and oscillatory behavior of pancreatic islets

Author

Kang, H., Jo, J., Kim, H. J., Choi, M. Y., Rhee, S. W., and Koh, D. S.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

A variety of oscillations are observed in pancreatic islets.We establish a model, incorporating two oscillatory systems of different time scales: One is the well-known bursting model in pancreatic beta-cells and the other is the glucose-insulin feedback model which considers direct and indirect feedback of secreted insulin. These two are coupled to interact with each other in the combined model, and two basic assumptions are made on the basis of biological observations: The conductance g_{K(ATP)} for the ATP-dependent potassium current is a decreasing function of the glucose concentration whereas the insulin secretion rate is given by a function of the intracellular calcium concentration. Obtained via extensive numerical simulations are complex oscillations including clusters of bursts, slow and fast calcium oscillations, and so on. We also consider how the intracellular glucose concentration depends upon the extracellular glucose concentration, and examine the inhibitory effects of insulin., Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures

Published
2005
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39. How Noise and Coupling Induce Bursting Action Potentials in Pancreatic beta-cells

Author

Jo, J., Kang, H., Choi, M. Y., and Koh, D. S.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Unlike isolated beta-cells, which usually produce continuous spikes or fast and irregular bursts, electrically coupled beta-cells are apt to exhibit robust bursting action potentials. We consider the noise induced by thermal fluctuations as well as that by channel gating stochasticity and examine its effects on the action potential behavior of the beta-cell model. It is observed numerically that such noise in general helps single cells to produce a variety of electrical activities. In addition, we also probe coupling via gap junctions between neighboring cells,with heterogeneity induced by noise, to find that it enhances regular bursts., Comment: 40 pages, 10 figures

Published
2005
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41. Microstructure and pinning properties of hexagonal-disc shaped single crystalline MgB2

Author

Jung, C. U., Kim, J. Y., Chowdhury, P., Kim, Kijoon H. P., Lee, Sung-Ik, Koh, D. S., Tamura, N., Caldwell, W. A., and Patel, J. R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We synthesized hexagonal-disc-shaped MgB2 single crystals under high-pressure conditions and analyzed the microstructure and pinning properties. The lattice constants and the Laue pattern of the crystals from X-ray micro-diffraction showed the crystal symmetry of MgB2. A thorough crystallographic mapping within a single crystal showed that the edge and c-axis of hexagonal-disc shape exactly matched the (10-10) and the (0001) directions of the MgB2 phase. Thus, these well-shaped single crystals may be the best candidates for studying the direction dependences of the physical properties. The magnetization curve and the magnetic hysteresis for these single crystals showed the existence of a wide reversible region and weak pinning properties, which supported our single crystals being very clean., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. submitted to Phys. Rev. B

Published
2002
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42. Exploring Definitions and Predictors of Response to Biologics for Severe Asthma

Author

Scelo, Ghislaine, Tran, Trung N., Le, Tham T., Fagerås, Malin, Dorscheid, Delbert, Busby, John, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Al-Lehebi, Riyad, Altraja, Alan, Beastall, Aaron, Bergeron, Celine, Bjermer, Leif, Bjerrum, Anne S., Cano-Rosales, Diana Jimena, Canonica, Giorgio Walter, Carter, Victoria, Charriot, Jeremy, Christoff, George C., Cosio, Borja G., Denton, Eve, Fernandez-Sanchez, Maria Jose, Fonseca, João A., Gibson, Peter G., Goh, Celine, Heaney, Liam G., Heffler, Enrico, Hew, Mark, Iwanaga, Takashi, Katial, Rohit, Koh, Mariko S., Kuna, Piotr, Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée, Lehtimäki, Lauri, Mahboub, Bassam, Martin, Neil, Matsumoto, Hisako, Menzies-Gow, Andrew N., Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Patel, Pujan, Perez-De-Llano, Luis, Peters, Matthew, Pfeffer, Paul E., Popov, Todor A., Porsbjerg, Celeste M., Rhee, Chin K., Sadatsafavi, Mohsen, Taillé, Camille, Torres-Duque, Carlos A., Tsai, Ming-Ju, Ulrik, Charlotte S., Upham, John W., von Bülow, Anna, Wang, Eileen, Wechsler, Michael E., and Price, David B.

Abstract

Biologic effectiveness is often assessed as response, a term that eludes consistent definition. Identifying those most likely to respond in real-life has proven challenging.

Published
2024
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44. International severe asthma registry (ISAR): protocol for a global registry

Author

FitzGerald, J. Mark, Tran, Trung N., Alacqua, Marianna, Altraja, Alan, Backer, Vibeke, Bjermer, Leif, Bjornsdottir, Unnur, Bourdin, Arnaud, Brusselle, Guy, Bulathsinhala, Lakmini, Busby, John, Canonica, Giorgio W., Carter, Victoria, Chaudhry, Isha, Cho, You Sook, Christoff, George, Cosio, Borja G., Costello, Richard W., Eleangovan, Neva, Gibson, Peter G., Heaney, Liam G., Heffler, Enrico, Hew, Mark, Hosseini, Naeimeh, Iwanaga, Takashi, Jackson, David J., Jones, Rupert, Koh, Mariko S., Le, Thao, Lehtimäki, Lauri, Ludviksdottir, Dora, Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H., Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Murray, Ruth B., Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Perez-de-Llano, Luis, Peters, Matthew, Pfeffer, Paul E., Popov, Todor A., Porsbjerg, Celeste M., Price, Chris A., Rhee, Chin K., Sadatsafavi, Mohsen, Tohda, Yuji, Wang, Eileen, Wechsler, Michael E., Zangrilli, James, and Price, David B.

Published
2020
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49. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Brauer, Michael, Roth, Gregory A, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Zheng, Peng, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasi, Madineh Akram, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdi, Parsa, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Armita, Abegaz, Tadesse M, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel, Abiodun, Olumide, Abiso, Temesgen Lera, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abukhadijah, Hana Jihad Jihad, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Aden, Bashir, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adha, Rishan, Adibi, Amin, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Afshin, Ashkan, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Agbozo, Faith, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Noah, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Anisuddin, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Safoora, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akhlaghi, Shiva, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akkala, Sreelatha, Akombi-Inyang, Blessing, Al Awaidy, Salah, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alahdab, Fares, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Nazmul, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albakri, Almaza, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Aldridge, Robert W, Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Al-Fatly, Bassam, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Al-Habbal, Khairat, Alhabib, Khalid F, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Abid, Ali, Amjad, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Iman, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait, Ali, Waad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Almustanyir, Sami, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Alonso, Jordi, Alqahtani, Jaber S, Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Al-Rifai, Rami Hani, Alrousan, Sahel Majed, Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Altaany, Zaid, Altaf, Awais, Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Aluh, Deborah Oyine, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Alwafi, Hassan, Al-Wardat, Mohammad Sami, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Hany, Aly, Safwat, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zyoud, Walid, Amaechi, Uchenna Anderson, Aman Mohammadi, Masous, Amani, Reza, Amiri, Sohrab, Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein, Ammirati, Enrico, Amu, Hubert, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Anenberg, Susan C, Angappan, Dhanalakshmi, Angus, Colin, Anil, Abhishek, Anil, Sneha, Anjum, Afifa, Anoushiravani, Amir, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antony, Catherine M, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen, Anvari, Davood, Anvari, Saeid, Anwar, Saleha, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyabolo, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Arabloo, Jalal, Arabzadeh Bahri, Razman, Arafat, Mosab, Areda, Demelash, Aregawi, Brhane Berhe, Aremu, Abdulfatai, Armocida, Benedetta, Arndt, Michael Benjamin, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arooj, Mahwish, Artamonov, Anton A, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi, Aruleba, Idowu Thomas, Arumugam, Ashokan, Asbeutah, Akram M, Asgary, Saeed, Asgedom, Akeza Awealom, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse, Ashraf, Tahira, Askarinejad, Amir, Assmus, Michael, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awoke, Andargie Abate, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayatollahi, Haleh, Ayestas Portugal, Carlos, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azevedo, Rui M S, Azhar, Gulrez Shah, Azizi, Hosein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Backhaus, Insa Linnea, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagga, Arvind, Baghdadi, Soroush, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahrami Taghanaki, Pegah, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Balasubramanian, Madhan, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Bam, Kiran, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Banik, Biswajit, Banik, Palash Chandra, Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi, Bansal, Hansi, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Bardideh, Erfan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrero, Lope H, Barrow, Amadou, Barteit, Sandra, Basharat, Zarrin, Basiru, Afisu, Basso, João Diogo, Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi, Basu, Sanjay, Batchu, Sai, Batra, Kavita, Batra, Ravi, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Beaney, Thomas, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Beiranvand, Maryam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Alehegn, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Muhammad Bashir, Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja, Belo, Luis, Beloukas, Apostolos, Bendak, Salaheddine, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennitt, Fiona B, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Beran, Azizullah, Berezvai, Zombor, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bettencourt, Paulo J G, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhat, Vivek, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Manpreet S, Bhatti, Rajbir, Bhuiyan, Mohiuddin Ahmed, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bikbov, Boris, Bishai, Jessica Devin, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Atanu, Biswas, Bijit, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bjørge, Tone, Boachie, Micheal Kofi, Boakye, Hosea, Bockarie, Moses John, Bodolica, Virginia, Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan, Bogale, Eyob Ketema, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad, Boppana, Sri Harsha, Bora Basara, Berrak, Borhany, Hamed, Botero Carvajal, Alejandro, Bouaoud, Souad, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Boxe, Christopher, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brant, Luisa C, Brar, Amanpreet, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brown, Colin Stewart, Browne, Annie J, Brunoni, Andre R, Bryazka, Dana, Bulamu, Norma B, Bulto, Lemma N, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burkart, Katrin, Burns, Richard A, Busse, Reinhard, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cagney, Jack, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Calina, Daniela, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Chao, Cao, Fan, Cao, Yubin, Capodici, Angelo, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carr, Sinclair, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carugno, Andrea, Carvalho, Felix, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castelpietra, Giulio, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Catapano, Alberico L, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Caye, Arthur, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cegolon, Luca, Cenderadewi, Muthia, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chadwick, Joshua, Chakraborty, Chiranjib, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Chakraborty, Sandip, Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai, Chan, Raymond N C, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chandika, Rama Mohan, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Catherine S, Chen, Haowei, Chen, Meng Xuan, Chen, Mingling, Chen, Simiao, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Esther T W, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chi, Gerald, Chichagi, Fatemeh, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chimoriya, Ritesh, Ching, Patrick R, Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Cho, William C S, Chong, Bryan, Chopra, Hitesh, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Eric, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Chutiyami, Muhammad, Cioffi, Iolanda, Cogen, Rebecca M, Cohen, Aaron J, Columbus, Alyssa, Conde, Joao, Corlateanu, Alexandru, Cortese, Samuele, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera Marisa, Costanzo, Simona, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz, Jessica A, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, da Silva, Alanna Gomes, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Dai, Zhaoli, Daikwo, Patience Unekwuojo, Dalli, Lachlan L, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, D'Anna, Lucio, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Jai K, Das, Subasish, Dash, Nihar Ranjan, Dashti, Mohsen, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, de la Torre-Luque, Alejandro, De Leo, Diego, Debopadhaya, Shayom, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Bo', Cristian, Delgado-Enciso, Ivan, Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria, Demoze, Chalachew Kassaw, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dervišević, Emina, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desai, Rupak, Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dhali, Arkadeep, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dhane, Amol S, Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhingra, Sameer, Dhulipala, Vishal R, Dhungana, Raja Ram, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Diaz, Luis Antonio, Diaz, Michael J, Dima, Adriana, Ding, Delaney D, Dinu, Monica, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Thanh Chi, Do, Thao Huynh Phuong, do Prado, Camila Bruneli, Dodangeh, Masoud, Dohare, Sushil, Dokova, Klara Georgieva, Dong, Wanyue, Dongarwar, Deepa, D'Oria, Mario, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dorsey, E Ray, Doshi, Rajkumar, Doshmangir, Leila, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dumith, Samuel C, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Duraisamy, Senbagam, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Ebrahimi, Alireza, Echieh, Chidiebere Peter, Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Edvardsson, David, Edvardsson, Kristina, Efendi, Ferry, Eftekharimehrabad, Aziz, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, El Arab, Rabie Adel, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El-Dahiyat, Faris, Elemam, Noha Mousaad, Elgar, Frank J, ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik, Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmehrath, Ahmed O, Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou, Elshaer, Mohammed, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Emeto, Theophilus I, Esfandiari, Negin, Eshrati, Babak, Eslami, Majid, Esmaeili, Sayed Vahid, Estep, Kara, Etaee, Farshid, Fabin, Natalia, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fagbule, Omotayo Francis, Fahimi, Saman, Falzone, Luca, Fareed, Mohammad, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Fazylov, Timur, Feigin, Valery L, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Feroze, Abdullah Hamid, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Alize J, Ferreira, Nuno, Fetensa, Getahun, Feyisa, Bikila Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitriana, Ida, Flavel, Joanne, Flohr, Carsten, Flood, David, Flor, Luisa S, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Force, Lisa M, Fortuna, Daniela, Foschi, Matteo, Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Alberto, Friedman, Sara D, Fux, Blima, G, Sridevi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gaihre, Santosh, Gajdács, Márió, Galali, Yaseen, Gallus, Silvano, Gandhi, Aravind P, Ganesan, Balasankar, Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat, Garcia, Vanessa, Gardner, William M, Garg, Ravindra K, Gautam, Rupesh K, Gebi, Tilaye Gebru, Gebregergis, Miglas W, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebremariam, Tesfay B B, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gerema, Urge, Getacher, Lemma, Getahun, Genanew K a, Getie, Molla, Ghadirian, Fataneh, Ghafarian, Sadegh, Ghaffari Jolfayi, Amir, Ghailan, Khalid Yaser, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghasemi, MohammadReza, Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal, Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh, Ghassemi, Fariba, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Gholami, Ali, Gholamrezanezhad, Ali, Gholizadeh, Nasim, Ghorbani, Mahsa, Gil, Artyom Urievich, Gil, Gabriela Fernanda, Gilbertson, Nora M, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gindaba, Ebisa Zerihun, Girmay, Alem, Glasbey, James C, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Göbölös, Laszlo, Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goel, Amit, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Gomes, Nelson G M, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gouravani, Mahdi, Goyal, Anmol, Graham, Simon Matthew, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guan, Shi-Yang, Guarducci, Giovanni, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Guha, Avirup, Guicciardi, Stefano, Gulati, Snigdha, Gulisashvili, David, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Guo, Cui, Gupta, Anish Kumar, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Mohak, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajat Das, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Habibzadeh, Farrokh, Habibzadeh, Parham, Hadaro, Tesfahun Simon, Hadian, Zahra, Haep, Nils, Haghi-Aminjan, Hamed, Haghmorad, Dariush, Hagins, Hailey, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu, Hajj Ali, Adel, Halboub, Esam S, Halimi, Aram, Hall, Brian J, Haller, Sebastian, Halwani, Rabih, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamdy, Nadia M, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hammoud, Ahmad, Hanif, Asif, Hanifi, Nasrin, Haq, Zaim Anan, Haque, Md Rabiul, Harapan, Harapan, Hargono, Arief, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Ikramul, Hasan, Mohammad Jahid, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hasanian, Mohammad, Hashmeh, Nadim, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Ikrama, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat, Hassani, Shokoufeh, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Haubold, Johannes, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, Hay, Simon I, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Hegazi, Omar E, Hegena, Tadele Yohannes, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Helfer, Bartosz, Hemmati, Mehdi, Henson, Claire A, Herbert, Molly E, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heuer, Austin, Hezam, Kamal, Hinneh, Thomas Kwadwo, Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc, Holla, Ramesh, Hon, Julia, Hoque, Mohammad Enamul, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Sahadat, Hosseini, Seyed Ehsan, 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Samer H, Murray, Christopher J L, and Gakidou, Emmanuela

Abstract

Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021.

Published
2024
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50. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Naghavi, Mohsen, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Aali, Amirali, Ababneh, Hazim S, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abebe, Samrawit Shawel, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abhilash, E S, Abidi, Hassan, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abolmaali, Meysam, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abtahi, Dariush, Abu Rumeileh, Samir, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adal, Tadele Girum, Adamu, Abdu A, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Admass, Biruk Adie Adie, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Aggarwal, Manik, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agide, Feleke Doyore, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akara, Essona Matatom, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akyirem, Samuel, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Alahdab, 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Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi, Boloor, Archith, Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad, Bonny, Aime, Bora, Kaustubh, Bora Basara, Berrak, Borhany, Hamed, Borzutzky, Arturo, Bouaoud, Souad, Boustany, Antoine, Boxe, Christopher, Boyko, Edward J, Brady, Oliver J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brant, Luisa C, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle, Brown, Julie, Brugha, Traolach, Bulamu, Norma B, Bulto, Lemma N, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burns, Richard A, Busse, Reinhard, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Calina, Daniela, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Capodici, Angelo, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carr, Sinclair, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carugno, Andrea, Carvalheiro, Cristina G, Carvalho, Felix, 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Habibzadeh, Farrokh, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi, Rasool, Hadei, Mostafa, Hadi, Najah R, Haep, Nils, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halboub, Esam S, Hall, Brian J, Haller, Sebastian, Halwani, Rabih, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamilton, Erin B, Han, Chieh, Han, Qiuxia, Hanif, Asif, Hanifi, Nasrin, Hankey, Graeme J, Hanna, Fahad, Hannan, Md Abdul, Haque, Md Nuruzzaman, Harapan, Harapan, Hargono, Arief, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Ikramul, Hasan, M Tasdik, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hasanian, Mohammad, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Ikrama, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Haubold, Johannes, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Hegazi, Omar E, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidari-Foroozan, Mahsa, Helfer, Bartosz, Hendrie, Delia, Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hesami, Hamed, Hezam, Kamal, Hill, Catherine L, Hiraike, Yuta, Holla, Ramesh, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Sahadat, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hosseinzadeh Adli, Ahmad, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, Hsu, Rebecca L, Hu, Chengxi, Huang, Junjie, Hultström, Michael, Humayun, Ayesha, Hundie, Tsegaye Gebreyes, Hussain, Javid, Hussain, M Azhar, Hussein, Nawfal R, Hussien, Foziya Mohammed, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ibrahim, Khalid S, Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria, Ijo, Desta, Ikiroma, Adalia I, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ikwegbue, Paul Chukwudi, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imam, Mohammad Tarique, Immurana, Mustapha, Inamdar, Sumant, Indriasih, Endang, Iqhrammullah, Muhammad, Iradukunda, Arnaud, Iregbu, Kenneth Chukwuemeka, Islam, Md Rabiul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Ismail, Faisal, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Iyer, 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A, Khan, M Nuruzzaman, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khan, Moien AB, Khan, Zeeshan Ali, Khan suheb, Mahammed Ziauddin, Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh, Khatab, Khaled, Khatami, Fatemeh, Khatatbeh, Haitham, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khavandegar, Armin, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Khodadoust, Elaheh, Khorgamphar, Mohammad, Khormali, Moein, Khorrami, Zahra, Khosravi, Ahmad, Khosravi, Mohammad Ali, Kifle, Zemene Demelash, Kim, Grace, Kim, Jihee, Kim, Kwanghyun, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinzel, Kasey E, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Klu, Desmond, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Kochhar, Sonali, Kocsis, Timea, Koh, David S Q, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kolves, Kairi, Kompani, Farzad, Koren, Gerbrand, Kosen, Soewarta, Kostev, Karel, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Krishan, Kewal, Krishna, Hare, Krishna, Varun, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuddus, Md Abdul, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kuitunen, Ilari, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha, Kumar, Akshay, Kumar, Ashish, Kumar, Harish, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumari, Madhulata, Kumie, Fantahun Tarekegn, Kundu, Satyajit, Kurmi, Om P, Kusnali, Asep, Kusuma, Dian, Kwarteng, Alexander, Kyriopoulos, Ilias, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Ladan, Muhammad Awwal, Laflamme, Lucie, Lagat, Abraham K, Lager, Anton C J, Lahmar, Abdelilah, Lai, Daphne Teck Ching, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lám, Judit, Landrum, Kelsey R, Lanfranchi, Francesco, Lang, Justin J, Langguth, Berthold, Lansingh, Van Charles, Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane, Larijani, Bagher, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S, Latief, Kamaluddin, Latifinaibin, Kaveh, Lauriola, Paolo, Le, Nhi Huu Hanh, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Le, Trang Diep Thanh, Ledda, Caterina, Ledesma, Jorge R, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Seung Won, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, 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Abstract

Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations.

Published
2024
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