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454 results on '"Koh, Hee‐Jong"'

27. Reinterpretation of anthocyanins biosynthesis in developing black rice seeds through gene expression analysis.

Author

Lee, Choonseok, Lee, Yang-Seok, Hong, Ha-Cheol, Hong, Woo-Jong, Koh, Hee-Jong, and Jung, Ki-Hong

Subjects
ANTHOCYANINS, RICE seeds, GENE expression, BIOSYNTHESIS, CHALCONE synthase, FLAVONOIDS
Abstract

The biosynthesis of anthocyanins is still questionable in regulating the quantities of anthocyanins biosynthesized in rice seeds and the expression levels of transcription factors and the structural genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins. We herein investigated the relationship between the accumulated anthocyanin contents and the expression levels of genes related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in rice seeds. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry analysis of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) in rice seeds showed no accumulation of C3G in white and red rice cultivars, and the differential accumulation of C3G among black rice cultivars. RNA-seq analysis in rice seeds, including white, red, and black rice cultivars, at twenty days after heading (DAH) further exhibited that the genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins were differentially upregulated in developing seeds of black rice. We further verified these RNA-seq results through gene expression analysis by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in developing seeds of white, red, and black rice cultivars at 20 DAH. Of these genes related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, bHLHs, MYBs, and WD40, which are regulators, and the structural genes, including chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3´-hydroxylase (F3´H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), were differentially upregulated in black rice seeds. The correlation analysis revealed that the quantities of C3G biosynthesized in black rice seeds were positively correlated to the expression levels of bHLHs, MYBs and WD40, CHS, F3H, F3´H, DFR, and ANS. In addition, we present bHLH2 (LOC_Os04g47040) and MYBs (LOC_Os01g49160, LOC_Os01g74410, and LOC_Os03g29614) as new putative transcription factor genes for the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in black rice seeds. It is expected that this study will help to improve the understanding of the molecular levels involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in black rice seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Identification and characterization of the chalkiness endosperm gene CHALK-Hin rice (Oryza sativaL.)

Author

PIAO, Ri-hua, CHEN, Mo-jun, MENG, Fan-mei, QI, Chun-yan, KOH, Hee-jong, GAO, Meng-meng, SONG, An-qi, JIN, Yong-mei, and YAN, Yong-feng

Abstract

Chalkiness is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding, which directly affects the quality of rice seed. In this study, we identified a chalkiness endosperm mutant, chalk-h, from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced japonicarice cultivar Hwacheong (HC). Compared with wild type (WT)-HC, chalk-hshowed severe chalkiness in the endosperm, yellowish green leaves, as well as reduced plant height. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that starch grains in the chalk-hmutant were irregular in size and loosely arranged, with large gaps between granules, forming ovoid or orbicular shapes. MutMap analysis revealed that the phenotype of chalk-his controlled by a single recessive gene LOC_Os11g39670encoding seryl-tRNA synthetase, which is renamed as CHALK-H. A point mutation occurs in chalk-hon the sixth exon (at nucleotide 791) of CHALK-H, in which adenine (A) is replaced by thymidine (T), resulting in an amino acid codon change from glutamine (Glu) to valine (Val). The chalk-hmutant exhibited a heat-sensitive phenotype from the 3-leaf stage, including yellow-green leaves and reduced pigment content. The transcriptional expression of starch synthesis-related genes was down-regulated in the chalk-hmutants compared to WT-HC at different grain-filling stages. With an increase in temperature, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes was down-regulated in the chalk-hmutant compared to WT-HC. Overexpression of CHALK-Hrescued the phenotype of chalk-h, with endosperm and leaf color similar to those of WT-HC. Our findings reveal that CHALK-His a causative gene controlling chalkiness and leaf color of the chalk-hmutant. CHALK-His the same gene locus as TSCD11, which was reported to be involved in chloroplast development under high temperature. We suggest that CHALK-H/TSCD11plays important roles not only in chloroplast development, but also in photosynthesis and starch synthesis during rice growth and development, so it has great application potential in rice breeding for high quality and yield.

Published
2023
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