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1. Major source categories of PM2.5 oxidative potential in wintertime Beijing and surroundings based on online dithiothreitol-based field measurements

Author: Cheung, Rico K.Y., Qi, Lu, Manousakas, Manousos I., Puthussery, Joseph V., Zheng, Yan, Koenig, Theodore K., Cui, Tianqu, Wang, Tiantian, Ge, Yanli, Wei, Gaoyuan, Kuang, Yu, Sheng, Mengshuang, Cheng, Zhen, Li, Ailin, Li, Zhiyu, Ran, Weikang, Xu, Weiqi, Zhang, Renjian, Han, Yuemei, Wang, Qiyuan, Wang, Zifa, Sun, Yele, Cao, Junji, Slowik, Jay G., Dällenbach, Kaspar R., Verma, Vishal, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Qiu, Xinghua, Chen, Qi, Shang, Jing, El-Haddad, Imad, Prévôt, André S.H., and Modini, Robin L.
Published: 2024
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2. Heterogeneous reactions significantly contribute to the atmospheric formation of nitrated aromatic compounds during the haze episode in urban Beijing

Author: Cheng, Zhen, Qiu, Xinghua, Li, Ailin, Chai, Qianqian, Shi, Xiaodi, Ge, Yanli, Koenig, Theodore K., Zheng, Yan, Chen, Shiyi, Hu, Min, Ye, Chunxiang, Cheung, Rico K.Y., Modini, Robin L., Chen, Qi, Shang, Jing, and Zhu, Tong
Published: 2024
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3. The gas-phase formation mechanism of iodic acid as an atmospheric aerosol source

Author: Finkenzeller, Henning, Iyer, Siddharth, He, Xu-Cheng, Simon, Mario, Koenig, Theodore K., Lee, Christopher F., Valiev, Rashid, Hofbauer, Victoria, Amorim, Antonio, Baalbaki, Rima, Baccarini, Andrea, Beck, Lisa, Bell, David M., Caudillo, Lucía, Chen, Dexian, Chiu, Randall, Chu, Biwu, Dada, Lubna, Duplissy, Jonathan, Heinritzi, Martin, Kemppainen, Deniz, Kim, Changhyuk, Krechmer, Jordan, Kürten, Andreas, Kvashnin, Alexandr, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan Ping, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Li, Zijun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Petäjä, Tuukka, Philippov, Maxim, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Rörup, Birte, Shen, Jiali, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Tauber, Christian, Tham, Yee Jun, Tomé, António, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Dongyu S., Wang, Mingyi, Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Nie, Wei, Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Ye, Qing, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Hansel, Armin, Baltensperger, Urs, Brioude, Jérome, Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., Haddad, Imad El, Flagan, Richard C., Kulmala, Markku, Kirkby, Jasper, Sipilä, Mikko, Worsnop, Douglas R., Kurten, Theo, Rissanen, Matti, and Volkamer, Rainer
Published: 2023
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4. Troposphere–stratosphere-integrated bromine monoxide (BrO) profile retrieval over the central Pacific Ocean.

Author: Koenig, Theodore K., Hendrick, François, Kinnison, Douglas, Lee, Christopher F., Van Roozendael, Michel, and Volkamer, Rainer
Subjects: *MERCURY oxidation, *ZENITH distance, *OPTICAL spectroscopy, *OBSERVATORIES, *LIGHT absorption, *ATMOSPHERIC mercury
Abstract: Bromine monoxide (BrO) is relevant to atmospheric oxidative capacity, affecting the lifetime of greenhouse gases (i.e., methane, dimethylsulfide) and mercury oxidation. However, measurements of BrO radical vertical profiles are rare, and BrO is highly variable. As a result, the few available aircraft observations in different regions of the atmosphere are not easily reconciled. Autonomous multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments placed at remote mountaintop observatories (MT-DOAS) present a cost-effective alternative to aircraft, with the potential to probe the climate-relevant yet understudied free troposphere more routinely. Here, we describe an innovative full-atmosphere BrO and formaldehyde (HCHO) profile retrieval algorithm using MT-DOAS measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO – 19.536° N, 155.577° W; 3401 m a.s.l.). The retrieval is based on time-dependent optimal estimation and simultaneously inverts 190 + individual BrO (and formaldehyde, HCHO) SCDs (slant column densities; SCD = dSCD + SCD Ref) from solar stray light spectra measured in the zenith and off-axis geometries at high and low solar zenith angles (92° > SZA > 30°) to derive BrO concentration profiles from 1.9 to 35 km with 7.5 degrees of freedom (DoFs). Two case study days are characterized by the absence (26 April 2017, base case) and presence of a Rossby-wave-breaking double tropopause (29 April 2017, RW-DT case). Stratospheric-BrO vertical columns are nearly identical on both days (VCD = (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10 13 molec. cm -2), and the stratospheric-BrO profile peaks at a lower altitude during the RW-DT (1.6–2.0 DoFs). Tropospheric-BrO VCDs increase from (0.70 ± 0.14) × 10 13 molec. cm -2 (base case) to (1.00 ± 0.14) × 10 13 molec. cm -2 (RW-DT) owing to a 3-fold increase in BrO in the upper troposphere (1.7–1.9 DoFs). BrO at MLO increases from (0.23 ± 0.03) pptv (base case) to (0.46 ± 0.03) pptv (RW-DT) and is characterized by an added time resolution (∼ 3.8 DoFs). Up to (0.9 ± 0.1) pptv BrO is observed above MLO in the lower free troposphere in the absence of the double tropopause. We validate the retrieval using aircraft BrO profiles and in situ HCHO measurements aboard the NSF/NCAR GV aircraft above MLO (11 January 2014) that establish BrO peaks around 2.4 pptv above 13 km in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) during a similar RW-DT event (0.83 × 10 13 molec. cm 2 tropospheric-BrO VCD above 2 km). The tropospheric-BrO profile measured using MT-DOAS (RW-DT case) and using the aircraft agree well (after averaging-kernel smoothing). Furthermore, these tropospheric-BrO profiles over the central Pacific Ocean are found to closely resemble those over the eastern Pacific Ocean (2–14 km) and are in contrast to those over the western Pacific Ocean, where a C-shaped tropospheric-BrO profile shape has been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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5. Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere

Author: Koenig, Theodore K., Baidar, Sunil, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Cuevas, Carlos A., Dix, Barbara, Fernandez, Rafael P., Guo, Hongyu, Hall, Samuel R., Kinnison, Douglas, Nault, Benjamin A., Ullmann, Kirk, Jimenez, Jose L., Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, and Volkamer, Rainer
Published: 2020

6. Oxygenated organic molecules produced by low-NOx photooxidation of aromatic compounds: contributions to secondary organic aerosol and steric hindrance

Author: Cheng, Xi, primary, Li, Yong Jie, additional, Zheng, Yan, additional, Liao, Keren, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Ge, Yanli, additional, Zhu, Tong, additional, Ye, Chunxiang, additional, Qiu, Xinghua, additional, and Chen, Qi, additional
Published: 2024
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7. Global Observations of Tropospheric Bromine Monoxide (BrO) Columns From TROPOMI

Author: Chen, Yuyang, primary, Liu, Song, additional, Zhu, Lei, additional, Seo, Sora, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Li, Xicheng, additional, Ding, Ao, additional, Sun, Wenfu, additional, Shu, Lei, additional, Wang, Xuan, additional, Valks, Pieter, additional, Hendrick, Francois, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Bai, Bin, additional, Wang, Dakang, additional, Pu, Dongchuan, additional, Sun, Shuai, additional, Li, Juan, additional, Zuo, Xiaoxing, additional, Fu, Weitao, additional, Li, Yali, additional, Zhang, Peng, additional, Yang, Xin, additional, and Fu, Tzung‐May, additional
Published: 2023
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8. Troposphere – stratosphere integrated BrO profile retrieval over the central Pacific Ocean

Author: Koenig, Theodore K., primary, Hendrick, Francois, additional, Kinnison, Douglas, additional, Lee, Christopher F., additional, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, and Volkamer, Rainer, additional
Published: 2023
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9. Oxygenated organic molecules produced by low-NOx photooxidation of aromatic compounds and their contributions to secondary organic aerosol

Author: Cheng, Xi, Li, Yong Jie, Zheng, Yan, Liao, Keren, Zhu, Tong, Ye, Chunxiang, Qiu, Xinghua, Koenig, Theodore K., Ge, Yanli, and Chen, Qi
Abstract: Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) produced by the oxidation of aromatic compounds are key components of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban environments. The steric effects of substitutions and rings and the role of key reaction pathways on altering the OOM distributions remain unclear because of the lack of systematic multi-precursor study over a wide range of OH exposure. In this study, we conducted flow-tube experiments and used the nitrate adduct time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (NO3−-TOF-CIMS) to measure the OOMs produced by the photooxidation of six key aromatic precursors under low-NOx conditions. For single aromatic precursors, the detected OOM peak clusters show one or two oxygen-atom difference, indicating the involvement of multi-step auto-oxidation and alkoxy radical pathways. Multi-generation OH oxidation is also needed to explain the diverse hydrogen numbers in the observed formulae. Especially for double-ring precursors at higher OH exposure, multi-generation OH oxidation may have significantly enriched the dimer formulae. Methyl substitutions in precursor may lead to less fragmented products in the OOMs, while the double-ring structure corresponds to less efficient formation of closed-shell monomeric and dimeric products, both highlighting significant steric effects of precursor molecular structure on the OOM formation. The estimated accretion reaction rate constants for key dimers formed from the benzene oxidation are much greater than those formed from the naphthalene oxidation (7.0 vs. 0.9×10−10 cm3 molecules−1 s−1). Naphthalene-derived OOMs however have lower volatilities and greater SOA contributions than the other-types of OOMs, which may be more important in initial particle growth. Overall, the OOMs identified by the NO3−-TOF-CIMS perhaps consist of 3–11 % of the SOA mass. Our results highlight the key roles of progressive OH oxidation, methyl substitution and ring structure in the OOM formation from aromatic precursors, which needs to be considered in future model developments to improve the model performance on organic aerosol.
Published: 2023

10. Troposphere - stratosphere integrated BrO profile retrieval over the central Pacific Ocean.

Author: Koenig, Theodore K., Hendrick, Francois, Kinnison, Douglas, Lee, Christopher F., Van Roozendael, Michel, and Volkamer, Rainer
Subjects: *BROMINE, *TROPOSPHERE, *STRATOSPHERE, *ROSSBY waves, *TROPOSPHERIC ozone, *ZENITH distance, *QUASI-biennial oscillation (Meteorology), *ATMOSPHERIC methane
Abstract: Bromine is a reactive trace element in the atmosphere, that destroys ozone, oxidizes mercury, modifies oxidative capacity and affects the lifetime of climate-active gases (e.g., methane). About 75% of tropospheric ozone and methane is destroyed in the tropics, primarily in the lower free troposphere, where bromine monoxide (BrO) radical measurements are generally scarce. The few available aircraft observations find BrO is variable, and measurements in different compartments of the atmosphere are not easily reconciled. While zenith-sky DOAS measurements provide long-term records of the stratospheric 20 O3 and NO2 abundances, autonomous MAX-DOAS placed at remote mountaintop observatories (MT-DOAS) provides cost effective and maximally sensitive access to probe the lower free troposphere, a climate-relevant yet understudied region of the atmosphere. Here we describe and evaluate an innovative full-atmosphere BrO and formaldehyde (HCHO) profile retrieval algorithm using MT-DOAS measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory (19.536°N; 155.577°W; 3401m asl) during two case study days, 25 characterized by the absence (26 Apr 2017, base case) and presence of a Rossby Wave breaking double tropopause (29 Apr 2017, RW-DT case) above Big Island, Hawaii. The full atmosphere retrieval is based on time-dependent optimal estimation, and simultaneously inverts 190+ individual BrO (and formaldehyde, HCHO) SCDs (slant column densities, SCD = dSCD + SCDRef) from solar stray light spectra measured in the zenith and off-axis geometries at high and low solar zenith angle (92° > SZA > 30°) to derive BrO concentration profiles with 7.5 degrees of freedom (DoF) from 1.9 to 35 km altitude. Stratospheric BrO vertical columns are near identical on both days (VCD = (1.5 ± 0.2) ×1013 molec cm-2), and the stratospheric BrO profile peaks at a lower altitude during the Rossby wave breaking event (1.6 - 2.0 DoFs). Tropospheric BrO VCDs increase from (0.70 ± 0.14) ×1013 molec cm-2 (base case) to (1.00 ± 0.14) ×1013 molec cm-2 (RW-DT), owing to a tropospheric BrO profile re-distribution characterized by a three-fold increase in BrO located in the upper troposphere (1.7 - 1.9 DoF). BrO is found to be more variable in the lower free troposphere (0.2 pptv < BrO < 0.9 pptv) and characterized in three altitude layers (near, above, below) MLO with added time resolution (~3.8 DoF). The BrO mixing ratio at MLO increases from (0.23 ± 0.03) pptv (base case) to (0.46 ± 0.03) pptv BrO (RW-DT); while the maximum of (0.9 ± 0.1) pptv BrO is observed above MLO in the lower free troposphere in absence of the double tropopause. We validate the retrieval using aircraft BrO profiles and in-situ HCHO measurements aboard the NSF/NCAR GV aircraft above MLO (11 Jan 2014) that establish BrO peaks around 2.4 pptv above 13 km in the UTLS during a similar RW-DT event (0.83 ×1013 molec cm-2 tropospheric BrO VCD above 2 km). The tropospheric BrO profile measured from MT-DOAS (RWDT case) and the aircraft agree well (after averaging kernel smoothing). Furthermore, these tropospheric BrO profiles over the Central Pacific are found to closely resemble those over the Eastern Pacific Ocean (2-14 km); and contrast with the Western Pacific Ocean, where a C-shaped tropospheric BrO profile shape had been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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11. Secondary Formation of Submicron and Supermicron Organic and Inorganic Aerosols in a Highly Polluted Urban Area

Author: Zheng, Yan, primary, Miao, Ruqian, additional, Zhang, Qi, additional, Li, Yaowei, additional, Cheng, Xi, additional, Liao, Keren, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Ge, Yanli, additional, Tang, Lizi, additional, Shang, Dongjie, additional, Hu, Min, additional, Chen, Shiyi, additional, and Chen, Qi, additional
Published: 2023
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12. Heterogeneous Reactions Significantly Contribute to the Atmospheric Formation of Nitrated Aromatic Compounds During the Haze Episode in Urban Beijing

Author: Cheng, Zhen, primary, Qiu, Xinghua, additional, Li, Ailin, additional, Chai, Qianqian, additional, Shi, Xiaodi, additional, Ge, Yanli, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Zheng, Yan, additional, Chen, Shiyi, additional, Hu, Min, additional, Ye, Chunxiang, additional, Cheung, Rico K. Y., additional, Modini, Rob L., additional, Chen, Qi, additional, Shang, Jing, additional, and Zhu, Tong, additional
Published: 2023
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13. Observed in-plume gaseous elemental mercury depletion suggests significant mercury scavenging by volcanic aerosols

Author: Koenig, Alkuin, primary, MAGAND, Olivier, additional, Rose, Clemence, additional, Di Muro, Andrea, additional, Miyazaki, Yuzo, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Lee, Christopher F, additional, Koenig, Theodore K, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Verreyken, Bert, additional, Roberts, Tjarda, additional, Edwards, Brock A, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Arellano, Santiago, additional, Kowalski, Philippe, additional, Aiuppa, Alessandro, additional, Sonke, Jeroen, additional, and Dommergue, Aurelien, additional
Published: 2023
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14. Active and widespread halogen chemistry in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere

Author: Wang, Siyuan, Schmidt, Johan A., Baidar, Sunil, Coburn, Sean, Dix, Barbara, Koenig, Theodore K., Apel, Eric, Bowdalo, Dene, Campos, Teresa L., Eloranta, Ed, Evans, Mathew J., DiGangi, Joshua P., Zondlo, Mark A., Gao, Ru-Shan, Haggerty, Julie A., Hall, Samuel R., Hornbrook, Rebecca S., Jacob, Daniel, Morley, Bruce, Pierce, Bradley, Reeves, Mike, Romashkin, Pavel, Schure, Arnout ter, and Volkamer, Rainer
Published: 2015

15. The gas-phase formation mechanism of iodic acid as an atmospheric aerosol source

Author: Finkenzeller, Henning, primary, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Lee, Christopher F., additional, Valiev, Rashid, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bell, David M., additional, Caudillo, Lucía, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Kemppainen, Deniz, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Krechmer, Jordan, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Kvashnin, Alexandr, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Brioude, Jérome, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Haddad, Imad El, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kurten, Theo, additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, and Volkamer, Rainer, additional
Published: 2022
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16. Oxygenated organic molecules produced by low-NOx photooxidation of aromatic compounds and their contributions to secondary organic aerosol.

Author: Xi Cheng, Yong Jie Li, Yan Zheng, Keren Liao, Tong Zhu, Chunxiang Ye, Xinghua Qiu, Koenig, Theodore K., Yanli Ge, and Qi Chen
Abstract: Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) produced by the oxidation of aromatic compounds are key components of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban environments. The steric effects of substitutions and rings and the role of key reaction pathways on altering the OOM distributions remain unclear because of the lack of systematic multi-precursor study over a wide range of OH exposure. In this study, we conducted flow-tube experiments and used the nitrate adduct time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (NO3--TOF-CIMS) to measure the OOMs produced by the photooxidation of six key aromatic precursors under low-NOx conditions. For single aromatic precursors, the detected OOM peak clusters show one or two oxygen-atom difference, indicating the involvement of multi-step auto-oxidation and alkoxy radical pathways. Multi-generation OH oxidation is also needed to explain the diverse hydrogen numbers in the observed formulae. Especially for double-ring precursors at higher OH exposure, multi-generation OH oxidation may have significantly enriched the dimer formulae. Methyl substitutions in precursor may lead to less fragmented products in the OOMs, while the double-ring structure corresponds to less efficient formation of closed-shell monomeric and dimeric products, both highlighting significant steric effects of precursor molecular structure on the OOM formation. The estimated accretion reaction rate constants for key dimers formed from the benzene oxidation are much greater than those formed from the naphthalene oxidation (7.0 vs. 0.9x10-10 cm³ molecules-1 s-1). Naphthalene-derived OOMs however have lower volatilities and greater SOA contributions than the other-types of OOMs, which may be more important in initial particle growth. Overall, the OOMs identified by the NO3--TOF-CIMS perhaps consist of 3-11% of the SOA mass. Our results highlight the key roles of progressive OH oxidation, methyl substitution and ring structure in the OOM formation from aromatic precursors, which needs to be considered in future model developments to improve the model performance on organic aerosol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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17. Oxygenated organic molecules produced by low-NOx photooxidation of aromatic compounds and their contributions to secondary organic aerosol.

Author: Cheng, Xi, Li, Yong Jie, Zheng, Yan, Liao, Keren, Zhu, Tong, Ye, Chunxiang, Qiu, Xinghua, Koenig, Theodore K., Ge, Yanli, and Chen, Qi
Subjects: AROMATIC compounds, PHOTOOXIDATION, MOLECULAR structure, AEROSOLS, CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry, MOLECULES, NAPHTHALENE derivatives
Abstract: Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) produced by the oxidation of aromatic compounds are key components of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in urban environments. The steric effects of substitutions and rings and the role of key reaction pathways on altering the OOM distributions remain unclear because of the lack of systematic multi-precursor study over a wide range of OH exposure. In this study, we conducted flow-tube experiments and used the nitrate adduct time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (NO3−-TOF-CIMS) to measure the OOMs produced by the photooxidation of six key aromatic precursors under low-NOx conditions. For single aromatic precursors, the detected OOM peak clusters show one or two oxygen-atom difference, indicating the involvement of multi-step auto-oxidation and alkoxy radical pathways. Multi-generation OH oxidation is also needed to explain the diverse hydrogen numbers in the observed formulae. Especially for double-ring precursors at higher OH exposure, multi-generation OH oxidation may have significantly enriched the dimer formulae. Methyl substitutions in precursor may lead to less fragmented products in the OOMs, while the double-ring structure corresponds to less efficient formation of closed-shell monomeric and dimeric products, both highlighting significant steric effects of precursor molecular structure on the OOM formation. The estimated accretion reaction rate constants for key dimers formed from the benzene oxidation are much greater than those formed from the naphthalene oxidation (7.0 vs. 0.9×10−10 cm3 molecules−1 s−1). Naphthalene-derived OOMs however have lower volatilities and greater SOA contributions than the other-types of OOMs, which may be more important in initial particle growth. Overall, the OOMs identified by the NO3−-TOF-CIMS perhaps consist of 3–11 % of the SOA mass. Our results highlight the key roles of progressive OH oxidation, methyl substitution and ring structure in the OOM formation from aromatic precursors, which needs to be considered in future model developments to improve the model performance on organic aerosol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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18. BrO and Inferred Bry Profiles over the Western Pacific: Relevance of Inorganic Bromine Sources and a Bry Minimum in the Aged Tropical Tropopause Layer

Author: Koenig, Theodore K, Volkamer, Rainer, Baidar, Sunil, Dix, Barbara, Wang, Siyuan, Anderson, Daniel C, Salawitch, Ross J, Wales, Pamela A, Cuevas, Carlos A, Fernandez, Rafael P, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Evans, Mathew J, Sherwen, Tomas, Jacob, Daniel J, Schmidt, Johan, Kinnison, Douglas, Lamarque, Jean-François, Apel, Eric C, Bresch, James C, Campos, Teresa, Flocke, Frank M, Hall, Samuel R, Honomichl, Shawn B, Hornbrook, Rebecca, Jensen, Jorgen B, Lueb, Richard, Montzka, Denise D, Pan, Laura L, Reeves, J. Michael, Schauffler, Sue M, Ullmann, Kirk, Weinheimer, Andrew J, Atlas, Elliot L, Donets, Valeria, Navarro, Maria A, Riemer, Daniel, Blake, Nicola J, Chen, Dexian, Huey, L. Gregory, Tanner, David J, Hanisco, Thomas F, and Wolfe, Glenn M
Subjects: Geosciences (General)
Abstract: We report measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO) and use an observationally constrained chemical box model to infer total gas-phase inorganic bromine (Br(sub y)) over the tropical western Pacific Ocean (tWPO) during the CONTRAST field campaign (January-February 2014). The observed BrO and inferred Bry profiles peak in the marine boundary layer (MBL), suggesting the need for a bromine source from sea-salt aerosol (SSA), in addition to organic bromine (CBry ). Both profiles are found to be C-shaped with local maxima in the upper free troposphere (FT). The median tropospheric BrO vertical column density (VCD) was measured as 1.6 x 10(exp 13) molec cm(exp -2), compared to model predictions of 0.9 x 10(exp 13) molec cm(exp -2) in GEOS-Chem (CBr(sub y) but no SSA source), 0.4 x 10(exp 13) molec cm(exp -2) in CAM-Chem (CBr(sub y) and SSA), and 2.1 x 10(exp 13) molec cm(exp -2) in GEOS-Chem (CBry and SSA). Neither global model fully captures the Cshape of the Br(sun y) profile. A local Br(sub y) maximum of 3.6 ppt (2.9-4.4 ppt; 95% confidence interval, CI) is inferred between 9.5 and 13.5 km in air masses influenced by recent convective outflow. Unlike BrO, which increases from the convective tropical tropopause layer (TTL) to the aged TTL, gas-phase Br(sub y) decreases from the convective TTL to the aged TTL. Analysis of gas-phase Br(sub y) against multiple tracers (CFC-11, H2O/O3 ratio, and potential temperature) reveals a Br(sub y) minimum of 2.7 ppt (2.3-3.1 ppt; 95% CI) in the aged TTL, which agrees closely with a stratospheric injection of 2.6 +/- 0.6 ppt of inorganic Br(sub y) (estimated from CFC-11 correlations), and is remarkably insensitive to assumptions about heterogeneous chemistry. Bry increases to 6.3 ppt (5.6-7.0 ppt; 95% CI) in the stratospheric "middleworld" and 6.9 ppt (6.5-7.3 ppt; 95% CI) in the stratospheric "overworld". The local Br(sub y) minimum in the aged TTL is qualitatively (but not quantitatively) captured by CAM-Chem, and suggests a more complex partitioning of gas-phase and aerosol Br(sub y) species than previously recognized. Our data provide corroborating evidence that inorganic bromine sources (e.g., SSA-derived gas-phase Br(sub y) ) are needed to explain the gas-phase Br(sub y) budget in the upper free troposphere and TTL. They are also consistent with observations of significant bromide in Upper Troposphere-Lower Stratosphere aerosols. The total Br(sub y) budget in the TTL is currently not closed, because of the lack of concurrent quantitative measurements of gas-phase Br(sub y) species (i.e., BrO, HOBr, HBr, etc.) and aerosol bromide. Such simultaneous measurements are needed to (1) quantify SSA-derived Br(sub y) in the upper FT, (2) test Br(sub y) partitioning, and possibly explain the gas-phase Br(sub y) minimum in the aged TTL, (3) constrain heterogeneous reaction rates of bromine, and (4) account for all of the sources of Br(sub y) to the lower stratosphere.
Published: 2017
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19. Carbon Monoxide in Optically Thick Wildfire Smoke: Evaluating TROPOMI Using CU Airborne SOF Column Observations

Author: Rowe, Jake P., primary, Zarzana, Kyle J., additional, Kille, Natalie, additional, Borsdorff, Tobias, additional, Goudar, Manu, additional, Lee, Christopher F., additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Romero-Alvarez, Johana, additional, Campos, Teresa, additional, Knote, Christoph, additional, Theys, Nicolas, additional, Landgraf, Jochen, additional, and Volkamer, Rainer, additional
Published: 2022
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20. Iodine chemistry in the chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2-I

Author: Karagodin-Doyennel, Arseniy, Rozanov, Eugene, Sukhodolov, Timofei, Egorova, Tatiana, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Cuevas, Carlos A., Fernandez, Rafael P., Sherwen, Tomás, Volkamer, Rainer, Koenig, Theodore K., Giroud, Tanguy, and Peter, Thomas
Abstract: In this paper, we present a new version of the chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 supplemented by an iodine chemistry module. We perform three 20-year ensemble experiments to assess the validity of the modeled iodine and to quantify the effects of iodine on ozone. The iodine distributions obtained with SOCOL-AERv2-I agree well with AMAX-DOAS observations and with CAM-chem model simulations. For the present-day atmosphere, the model suggests that the iodine-induced chemistry leads to a 3 %–4 % reduction in the ozone column, which is greatest at high latitudes. The model indicates the strongest influence of iodine in the lower stratosphere with 30 ppbv less ozone at low latitudes and up to 100 ppbv less at high latitudes. In the troposphere, the account of the iodine chemistry reduces the tropospheric ozone concentration by 5 %–10 % depending on geographical location. In the lower troposphere, 75 % of the modeled ozone reduction originates from inorganic sources of iodine, 25 % from organic sources of iodine. At 50 hPa, the results show that the impacts of iodine from both sources are comparable. Finally, we determine the sensitivity of ozone to iodine by applying a 2-fold increase in iodine emissions, as it might be representative for iodine by the end of this century. This reduces the ozone column globally by an additional 1.5 %–2.5 %. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of atmospheric ozone to iodine chemistry for present and future conditions, but uncertainties remain high due to the paucity of observational data of iodine species.
Published: 2021

21. Ozone depletion due to dust release of iodine in the free troposphere

Author: Koenig, Theodore K., primary, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Bresch, James F., additional, Cuevas, Carlos A., additional, Dix, Barbara, additional, Eloranta, Edwin W., additional, Fernandez, Rafael P., additional, Hall, Samuel R., additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Pierce, R. Bradley, additional, Reeves, J. Michael, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, and Ullmann, Kirk, additional
Published: 2021
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22. Biomass burning nitrogen dioxide emissions derived from space with TROPOMI: methodology and validation

Author: Griffin, Debora, primary, McLinden, Chris A., additional, Dammers, Enrico, additional, Adams, Cristen, additional, Stockwell, Chelsea E., additional, Warneke, Carsten, additional, Bourgeois, Ilann, additional, Peischl, Jeff, additional, Ryerson, Thomas B., additional, Zarzana, Kyle J., additional, Rowe, Jake P., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Knote, Christoph, additional, Kille, Natalie, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Lee, Christopher F., additional, Rollins, Drew, additional, Rickly, Pamela S., additional, Chen, Jack, additional, Fehr, Lukas, additional, Bourassa, Adam, additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Hayden, Katherine, additional, Mihele, Cristian, additional, Wren, Sumi N., additional, Liggio, John, additional, Akingunola, Ayodeji, additional, and Makar, Paul, additional
Published: 2021
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23. Precursors and Pathways Leading to Enhanced Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze Episodes

Author: Zheng, Yan, primary, Chen, Qi, additional, Cheng, Xi, additional, Mohr, Claudia, additional, Cai, Jing, additional, Huang, Wei, additional, Shrivastava, Manish, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Fu, Pingqing, additional, Shi, Xiaodi, additional, Ge, Yanli, additional, Liao, Keren, additional, Miao, Ruqian, additional, Qiu, Xinghua, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, and Chen, Shiyi, additional
Published: 2021
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24. Iodine chemistry in the chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2-I

Author: Karagodin-Doyennel, Arseniy, primary, Rozanov, Eugene, additional, Sukhodolov, Timofei, additional, Egorova, Tatiana, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Cuevas, Carlos A., additional, Fernandez, Rafael P., additional, Sherwen, Tomás, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Giroud, Tanguy, additional, and Peter, Thomas, additional
Published: 2021
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25. The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

Author: Xiao, Mao, primary, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bell, David, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Dias, António, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Pospisilova, Veronika, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weitz, Lena, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Carslaw, Ken, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, and Dommen, Josef, additional
Published: 2021
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26. Global tropospheric halogen (Cl, Br, I) chemistry and its impact on oxidants

Author: Wang, Xuan, primary, Jacob, Daniel J., additional, Downs, William, additional, Zhai, Shuting, additional, Zhu, Lei, additional, Shah, Viral, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Sherwen, Tomás, additional, Alexander, Becky, additional, Evans, Mathew J., additional, Eastham, Sebastian D., additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Veres, Patrick R., additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Bannan, Thomas J., additional, Percival, Carl J., additional, Lee, Ben H., additional, and Thornton, Joel A., additional
Published: 2021
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27. Role of iodine oxoacids in atmospheric aerosol nucleation

Author: He, Xu-Cheng, Tham, Yee Jun, Dada, Lubna, Wang, Mingyi, Finkenzeller, Henning, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Iyer, Siddharth, Simon, Mario, Kürten, Andreas, Shen, Jiali, Rörup, Birte, Rissanen, Matti, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Baalbaki, Rima, Wang, Dongyu S., Koenig, Theodore K., Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Beck, Lisa J., Almeida, João, Amanatidis, Stavros, Amorim, António, Ataei, Farnoush, Baccarini, Andrea, Bertozzi, Barbara, Bianchi, Federico, Brilke, Sophia, Caudillo, Lucía, Chen, Dexian, Chiu, Randall, Chu, Biwu, Dias, António, Ding, Aijun, Dommen, Josef, Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, Imad, Gonzalez Carracedo, Loïc, Granzin, Manuel, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kemppainen, Deniz, Kim, Changhyuk, Kong, Weimeng, Krechmer, Jordan E., Kvashin, Aleksander, Laitinen, Totti, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan Ping, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Li, Zijun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Möhler, Ottmar, Müller, Tatjana, Nie, Wei, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pfeifer, Joschka, Philippov, Maxim, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Salma, Imre, Scholz, Wiebke, Schuchmann, Simone, Schulze, Benjamin, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Thakur, Roseline C., Väisänen, Olli, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Winkler, Paul M., Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Qing, Ylisirniö, Arttu, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Zha, Qiaozhi, Zhou, Putian, Flagan, Richard C., Curtius, Joachim, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Kurtén, Theo, Donahue, Neil M., Volkamer, Rainer, Kirkby, Jasper, Worsnop, Douglas R., Sipilä, Mikko, Tampere University, Physics, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Academy of Finland, European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Austrian Science Fund, Swiss National Science Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Estonian Research Council, National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
Subjects: Earth sciences, ddc:550, 114 Physical sciences
Abstract: 8 pags., 5 figs., Iodic acid (HIO) is known to form aerosol particles in coastal marine regions, but predicted nucleation and growth rates are lacking. Using the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber, we find that the nucleation rates of HIOparticles are rapid, even exceeding sulfuric acid-ammonia rates under similar conditions. We also find that ion-induced nucleation involves IOand the sequential addition of HIOand that it proceeds at the kinetic limit below +10°C. In contrast, neutral nucleation involves the repeated sequential addition of iodous acid (HIO) followed by HIO, showing that HIOplays a key stabilizing role. Freshly formed particles are composed almost entirely of HIO, which drives rapid particle growth at the kinetic limit. Our measurements indicate that iodine oxoacid particle formation can compete with sulfuric acid in pristine regions of the atmosphere., We thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received support from the Academy of Finland (projects 316114, 307331, 310682, 266388, 3282290, 306853, 296628, 229574, 333397, 326948, and 1325656); the European Research Council (projects 692891, 616075, 764991, 316662, 742206, and 714621); CSC – Finnish IT center; the EC Seventh Framework Programme and the EU H2020 programme Marie Skłodowska Curie ITN “CLOUD-TRAIN” (316662) and “CLOUD-MOTION” (764991); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (J3951-N36 and P27295-N20); the Swiss National Science Foundation (20FI20_159851, 200021_169090, 200020_172602, and 20FI20_172622); the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1447056, AGS1439551, AGS1801574, AGS1620530, AGS1801897, AGS153128, AGS1649147, AGS1801280, AGS1602086, and AGS1801329); MSCA H2020 COFUND-FP-CERN2014 fellowship (665779); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research: CLOUD-16 (01LK1601A); Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Atmospheric Sciences (grant 272041); European Regional Development Fund (project MOBTT42); Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change; Yangtze River Delta Atmosphere and Earth System Science National Observation and Research Station; Estonian Research Council (project PRG714); Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (K116788 and K132254); NASA Graduate Fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); and ACTRIS 2TNA H2020 OCTAVE (654109).
Published: 2021

28. Ozone depletion due to dust release of iodine in the free troposphere

Author: Koenig, Theodore K., Volkamer, Rainer, Apel, Eric C., Bresch, James F., Cuevas, Carlos A., Dix, Barbara, Eloranta, Edwin W., Fernandez, Rafael P., Hall, Samuel R., Hornbrook, Rebecca S., Pierce, R. Bradley, Reeves, J. Michael, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Ullmann, Kirk, National Science Foundation (US), and European Research Council
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, Environmental Studies, SciAdv r-articles, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Research Article, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 10 pags, 4 figs. -- Supplementary material for this article is available at https://science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj6544, Iodine is an atmospheric trace element emitted from oceans that efficiently destroys ozone (O3). Low O3 in airborne dust layers is frequently observed but poorly understood. We show that dust is a source of gas-phase iodine, indicated by aircraft observations of iodine monoxide (IO) radicals inside lofted dust layers from the Atacama and Sechura Deserts that are up to a factor of 10 enhanced over background. Gas-phase iodine photochemistry, commensurate with observed IO, is needed to explain the low O3 inside these dust layers (below 15 ppbv; up to 75% depleted). The added dust iodine can explain decreases in O3 of 8% regionally and affects surface air quality. Our data suggest that iodate reduction to form volatile iodine species is a missing process in the geochemical iodine cycle and presents an unrecognized aeolian source of iodine. Atmospheric iodine has tripled since 1950 and affects ozone layer recovery and particle formation., This work was funded by U.S. NSF grants AGS-1104104 (to R.V.), AGS-1620530 (to R.V.), and AGS-2027252 (to R.V.) and European Research Council Executive Agency under Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme project ERC-2016-COG 726349 CLIMAHAL (to A.S.-L.)
Published: 2021

29. Precursors and Pathways Leading to Enhanced Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze Episodes

Author: Zheng, Yan, Chen, Qi, Cheng, Xi, Mohr, Claudia, Cai, Jing, Huang, Wei, Shrivastava, Manish, Ye, Penglin, Fu, Pingqing, Shi, Xiaodi, Ge, Yanli, Liao, Keren, Miao, Ruqian, Qiu, Xinghua, Koenig, Theodore K., Chen, Shiyi, Zheng, Yan, Chen, Qi, Cheng, Xi, Mohr, Claudia, Cai, Jing, Huang, Wei, Shrivastava, Manish, Ye, Penglin, Fu, Pingqing, Shi, Xiaodi, Ge, Yanli, Liao, Keren, Miao, Ruqian, Qiu, Xinghua, Koenig, Theodore K., and Chen, Shiyi
Abstract: Molecular analyses help to investigate the key precursors and chemical processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We obtained the sources and molecular compositions of organic aerosol in PM2.5 in winter in Beijing by online and offline mass spectrometer measurements. Photochemical and aqueous processing were both involved in producing SOA during the haze events. Aromatics, isoprene, long-chain alkanes or alkenes, and carbonyls such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal were all important precursors. The enhanced SOA formation during the severe haze event was predominantly contributed by aqueous processing that was promoted by elevated amounts of aerosol water for which multifunctional organic nitrates contributed the most followed by organic compounds having four oxygen atoms in their formulae. The latter included dicarboxylic acids and various oxidation products from isoprene and aromatics as well as products or oligomers from methylglyoxal aqueous uptake. Nitrated phenols, organosulfates, and methanesulfonic acid were also important SOA products but their contributions to the elevated SOA mass during the severe haze event were minor. Our results highlight the importance of reducing nitrogen oxides and nitrate for future SOA control. Additionally, the formation of highly oxygenated long-chain molecules with a low degree of unsaturation in polluted urban environments requires further research.
Published: 2021
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30. Iodine chemistry in the chemistry-climate model SOCOL-AERv2-I

Author: Swiss National Science Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Karagodin-Doyennel, Arseniy, Rozanov, Eugene, Sukhodolov, Timofei, Egorova, Tatiana, Saiz-Lopez, A., Cuevas, Carlos A., Fernández, Rafael P., Sherwen, Tomás, Volkamer, Rainer, Koenig, Theodore K., Giroud, Tanguy, Peter, Thomas, Swiss National Science Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Karagodin-Doyennel, Arseniy, Rozanov, Eugene, Sukhodolov, Timofei, Egorova, Tatiana, Saiz-Lopez, A., Cuevas, Carlos A., Fernández, Rafael P., Sherwen, Tomás, Volkamer, Rainer, Koenig, Theodore K., Giroud, Tanguy, and Peter, Thomas
Abstract: In this paper, we present a new version of the chemistry-climate model SOCOL-AERv2 supplemented by an iodine chemistry module. We perform three 20-year ensemble experiments to assess the validity of the modeled iodine and to quantify the effects of iodine on ozone. The iodine distributions obtained with SOCOL-AERv2-I agree well with AMAX-DOAS observations and with CAM-chem model simulations. For the present-day atmosphere, the model suggests that the iodine-induced chemistry leads to a 3ĝ€¯%-4ĝ€¯% reduction in the ozone column, which is greatest at high latitudes. The model indicates the strongest influence of iodine in the lower stratosphere with 30ĝ€¯ppbv less ozone at low latitudes and up to 100ĝ€¯ppbv less at high latitudes. In the troposphere, the account of the iodine chemistry reduces the tropospheric ozone concentration by 5ĝ€¯%-10ĝ€¯% depending on geographical location. In the lower troposphere, 75ĝ€¯% of the modeled ozone reduction originates from inorganic sources of iodine, 25ĝ€¯% from organic sources of iodine. At 50ĝ€¯hPa, the results show that the impacts of iodine from both sources are comparable. Finally, we determine the sensitivity of ozone to iodine by applying a 2-fold increase in iodine emissions, as it might be representative for iodine by the end of this century. This reduces the ozone column globally by an additional 1.5ĝ€¯%-2.5ĝ€¯%. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of atmospheric ozone to iodine chemistry for present and future conditions, but uncertainties remain high due to the paucity of observational data of iodine species.
Published: 2021

31. Ozone depletion due to dust release of iodine in the free troposphere

Author: National Science Foundation (US), European Research Council, Koenig, Theodore K., Volkamer, Rainer, Apel, Eric C, Bresch, James F, Cuevas, Carlos A., Dix, Barbara, Eloranta, Edwin W, Fernández, Rafael P., Hall, Samuel R, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., Pierce, Robert Bradley, Reeves, J Michael, Saiz-Lopez, A., Ullmann, Kirk, National Science Foundation (US), European Research Council, Koenig, Theodore K., Volkamer, Rainer, Apel, Eric C, Bresch, James F, Cuevas, Carlos A., Dix, Barbara, Eloranta, Edwin W, Fernández, Rafael P., Hall, Samuel R, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., Pierce, Robert Bradley, Reeves, J Michael, Saiz-Lopez, A., and Ullmann, Kirk
Abstract: Iodine is an atmospheric trace element emitted from oceans that efficiently destroys ozone (O3). Low O3 in airborne dust layers is frequently observed but poorly understood. We show that dust is a source of gas-phase iodine, indicated by aircraft observations of iodine monoxide (IO) radicals inside lofted dust layers from the Atacama and Sechura Deserts that are up to a factor of 10 enhanced over background. Gas-phase iodine photochemistry, commensurate with observed IO, is needed to explain the low O3 inside these dust layers (below 15 ppbv; up to 75% depleted). The added dust iodine can explain decreases in O3 of 8% regionally and affects surface air quality. Our data suggest that iodate reduction to form volatile iodine species is a missing process in the geochemical iodine cycle and presents an unrecognized aeolian source of iodine. Atmospheric iodine has tripled since 1950 and affects ozone layer recovery and particle formation.
Published: 2021

32. Supplementary material to "Global tropospheric halogen (Cl, Br, I) chemistry and its impact on oxidants"

Author: Wang, Xuan, primary, Jacob, Daniel J., additional, Downs, William, additional, Zhai, Shuting, additional, Zhu, Lei, additional, Shah, Viral, additional, Holmes, Christopher D., additional, Sherwen, Tomás, additional, Alexander, Becky, additional, Evans, Mathew J., additional, Eastham, Sebastian D., additional, Neuman, J. Andrew, additional, Veres, Patrick, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Bannan, Thomas J., additional, Percival, Carl J., additional, Lee, Ben H., additional, and Thornton, Joel A., additional
Published: 2021
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33. Intercomparison of NO2, O-4, O-3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author: Kreher, Karin, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Friess, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Monica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Boesch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Chan, Ka Lok, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, Garcia-Nieto, David, Gielen, Clio, Gomez-Martin, Laura, Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Irie, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnston, Paul, Butt, Junaid Khayyam, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, Theodore K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Liu, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, Abhishek K., Mueller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Ostendorf, Mareike, Pazmino, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, Manuel, Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schoenhardt, Anja, Schreier, Stefan F., Seyler, Andre, Sinha, Vinayak, Spinei, Elena, Strong, Kimberly, Tack, Frederik, Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, Martin, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, van Gent, Jeron, Volkamer, Rainer, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, Folkard, Xie, Pinhua H., Xu, Jin, Yela, Margarita, Zhang, Chengxin, Zhao, Xiaoyi, BK Scientific GmbH, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Belarusian State University, Meteorologisches Institut München (MIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Center for Environmental Remote Sensing [Chiba] (CEReS), Chiba University, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), National University of Sciences and Technology [Islamabad] (NUST), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Mohali], Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences [Innsbruck] (ACINN), Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institute for Meteorology and Climatology [Vienna] (BOKU-Met), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Liaoning Technical University [Huludao], Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University [Shanghai], DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Environment and Climate Change Canada, and Electrical and Computer Engineering
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Science & Technology, RAMAN-SCATTERING, RETRIEVAL, CROSS-SECTIONS, BRO, RADIATIVE-TRANSFER, Physical Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, FORMALDEHYDE, CAMPAIGN, NITROGEN-DIOXIDE, AEROSOL EXTINCTION
Abstract: In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97 degrees N, 4.93 degrees E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were (1) to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, (2) to define a robust methodology for performance assessment of all participating instruments, and (3) to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxygen collision complex (O-4) and ozone (O-3) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region, and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible region. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in a unique set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by each instrument and for each of the target data products. The slope and intercept of the regression analysis respectively quantify the mean systematic bias and offset of the individual data sets against the selected reference (which is obtained from the median of either all data sets or a subset), and the rms error provides an estimate of the measurement noise or dispersion. These three criteria are examined and for each of the parameters and each of the data products, performance thresholds are set and applied to all the measurements. The approach presented here has been developed based on heritage from previous intercomparison exercises. It introduces a quantitative assessment of the consistency between all the participating instruments for the MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky DOAS techniques. Netherlands Space Office (NSO); ESA through the CINDI-2 (ESA) project [4000118533/16/I-Sbo]; ESA through the FRM4DOAS (ESA) project [4000118181/16/I-EF]; EU 7th Framework Programme QA4ECV projectEuropean Union (EU) [607405]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I 2296-N29]; Canadian Space Agency (AVATARS project); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (PAHA project); Canada Foundation for InnovationCanada Foundation for Innovation; UVAS ("Ultraviolet and Visible Atmospheric Sounder") projects SEOSAT/INGENIO [ESP2015-71299-R]; DFG project RAPSODI [PL 193/17-1]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)Centre National D'etudes Spatiales; National funding project HELADO [CTM2013-41311-P]; National funding project AVATAR [CGL2014-55230-R]; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [16-17-10275]; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [16-05-01062, 18-35-00682]; ACTRIS-2 (H2020 grant) [654109]; NASA's Atmospheric Composition ProgramNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NASA-16-NUP2016-0001]; US National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1620530]; NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); University of Bremen; DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence "The Ocean in the Earth System-MARUM"German Research Foundation (DFG); University of Bremen Institutional Strategy of the DFG; Luftblick through the ESA Pandonia Project; NASA Pandora Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center under NASA Headquarters' Tropospheric Composition Program CINDI-2 received funding from the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). Funding for this study was provided by ESA through the CINDI-2 (ESA contract no. 4000118533/16/I-Sbo) and FRM4DOAS (ESA contract no. 4000118181/16/I-EF) projects and partly within the EU 7th Framework Programme QA4ECV project (grant agreement no. 607405). The BOKU MAX-DOAS instrument was funded and the participation of Stefan F. Schreier was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I 2296-N29. The participation of the University of Toronto team was supported by the Canadian Space Agency (through the AVATARS project) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (through the PAHA project). The instrument was primarily funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and is usually operated at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). Funding for CISC was provided by the UVAS ("Ultraviolet and Visible Atmospheric Sounder") projects SEOSAT/INGENIO, ESP2015-71299-R, MINECO-FEDER and UE. The activities of the IUP-Heidelberg were supported by the DFG project RAPSODI (grant no. PL 193/17-1). SAOZ and Mini-SAOZ instruments are supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). INTA recognises support from the National funding projects HELADO (CTM2013-41311-P) and AVATAR (CGL2014-55230-R). AMOIAP recognises support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-17-10275) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant nos. 16-05-01062 and 18-35-00682). Ka L. Chan received transnational access funding from ACTRIS-2 (H2020 grant agreement no. 654109). Rainer Volkamer recognises funding from NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program (NASA-16-NUP2016-0001) and the US National Science Foundation (award AGS-1620530). Henning Finkenzeller is the recipient of a NASA graduate fellowship. Mihalis Vrekoussis recognises support from the University of Bremen and the DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence "The Ocean in the Earth System-MARUM". Financial support through the University of Bremen Institutional Strategy in the framework of the DFG Excellence Initiative is gratefully appreciated for Anja Schonhardt. Pandora instrument deployment was supported by Luftblick through the ESA Pandonia Project and NASA Pandora Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center under NASA Headquarters' Tropospheric Composition Program. The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by BK Scientific.
Published: 2020
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34. Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV–visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kreher, Karin, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Friess, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Monica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Boesch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Chan, Ka Lok, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, Garcia-Nieto, David, Gielen, Clio, Gomez-Martin, Laura, Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Irie, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnston, Paul, Butt, Junaid Khayyam, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, Theodore K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Liu, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, Abhishek K., Mueller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Ostendorf, Mareike, Pazmino, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, Manuel, Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schoenhardt, Anja, Schreier, Stefan F., Seyler, Andre, Sinha, Vinayak, Spinei, Elena, Strong, Kimberly, Tack, Frederik, Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, Martin, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, van Gent, Jeron, Volkamer, Rainer, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, Folkard, Xie, Pinhua H., Xu, Jin, Yela, Margarita, Zhang, Chengxin, Zhao, Xiaoyi, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kreher, Karin, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Friess, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Monica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Boesch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Chan, Ka Lok, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, Garcia-Nieto, David, Gielen, Clio, Gomez-Martin, Laura, Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Irie, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnston, Paul, Butt, Junaid Khayyam, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, Theodore K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Liu, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, Abhishek K., Mueller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Ostendorf, Mareike, Pazmino, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, Manuel, Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schoenhardt, Anja, Schreier, Stefan F., Seyler, Andre, Sinha, Vinayak, Spinei, Elena, Strong, Kimberly, Tack, Frederik, Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, Martin, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, van Gent, Jeron, Volkamer, Rainer, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, Folkard, Xie, Pinhua H., Xu, Jin, Yela, Margarita, Zhang, Chengxin, and Zhao, Xiaoyi
Abstract: In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97 degrees N, 4.93 degrees E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were (1) to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, (2) to define a robust methodology for performance assessment of all participating instruments, and (3) to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxygen collision complex (O-4) and ozone (O-3) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region, and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible region. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in a unique set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by
Published: 2020

35. Iodic acid formation and yield from iodine photolysis at the CERN CLOUD chamber

Author: Finkenzeller, Henning, primary, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Kurten, Theo, additional, and Volkamer, Rainer, additional
Published: 2021
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36. Supplementary material to "The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer"

Author: Xiao, Mao, primary, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bell, David, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Dias, António, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Pospisilova, Veronika, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wanger, Robert, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weitz, Lena, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Carslaw, Ken, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, and Dommen, Josef, additional
Published: 2021
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37. Characterisation of African biomass burning plumes and impacts on the atmospheric composition over the south-west Indian Ocean

Author: Verreyken, Bert, primary, Amelynck, Crist, additional, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Müller, Jean-François, additional, Schoon, Niels, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Lee, Christopher F., additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, and Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, additional
Published: 2020
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38. Determination of the collision rate coefficient between charged iodic acid clusters and iodic acid using the appearance time method

Author: He, Xu-Cheng, primary, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Ylisirniö, Arttu, additional, Peltola, Maija, additional, Kontkanen, Jenni, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Pesonen, Janne, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Amanatidis, Stavros, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Dias, Antonio, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Kangasluoma, Juha, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kubečka, Jakub, additional, Kvashnin, Aleksandr, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Salo, Vili-Taneli, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Väisänen, Olli, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Lehtinen, Kari, additional, Nieminen, Tuomo, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Kurtén, Theo, additional, and Kulmala, Markku, additional
Published: 2020
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39. Inter-comparison of MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric HONO slant column densities and vertical profiles during the CINDI-2 campaign

Author: Wang, Yang, primary, Apituley, Arnoud, additional, Bais, Alkiviadis, additional, Beirle, Steffen, additional, Benavent, Nuria, additional, Borovski, Alexander, additional, Bruchkouski, Ilya, additional, Chan, Ka Lok, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Friedrich, Martina M., additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Garcia-Nieto, David, additional, Gómez-Martín, Laura, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Hilboll, Andreas, additional, Jin, Junli, additional, Johnston, Paul, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kreher, Karin, additional, Kumar, Vinod, additional, Kyuberis, Aleksandra, additional, Lampel, Johannes, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Liu, Haoran, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Polyansky, Oleg L., additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Schmitt, Stefan, additional, Tian, Xin, additional, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, additional, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wang, Zhuoru, additional, Xie, Pinhua, additional, Xing, Chengzhi, additional, Xu, Jin, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Zhang, Chengxin, additional, and Wagner, Thomas, additional
Published: 2020
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40. Enhanced growth rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid

Author: Stolzenburg, Dominik, primary, Simon, Mario, additional, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Ehrhart, Sebastian, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Pichelstorfer, Lukas, additional, Nieminen, Tuomo, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Amorim, António, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bräkling, Steffen, additional, Caudillo Murillo, Lucía, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Dias, António, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Gonzalez Carracedo, Loic, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kong, Weimeng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Wlasits, Peter J., additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Carslaw, Kenneth S., additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lelieveld, Jos, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, and Winkler, Paul M., additional
Published: 2020
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41. Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV–visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author: Kreher, Karin, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, Francois, additional, Apituley, Arnoud, additional, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Lampel, Johannes, additional, Abuhassan, Nader, additional, Ang, Li, additional, Anguas, Monica, additional, Bais, Alkis, additional, Benavent, Nuria, additional, Bösch, Tim, additional, Bognar, Kristof, additional, Borovski, Alexander, additional, Bruchkouski, Ilya, additional, Cede, Alexander, additional, Chan, Ka Lok, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Fayt, Caroline, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Garcia-Nieto, David, additional, Gielen, Clio, additional, Gómez-Martín, Laura, additional, Hao, Nan, additional, Henzing, Bas, additional, Herman, Jay R., additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Hoque, Syedul, additional, Irie, Hitoshi, additional, Jin, Junli, additional, Johnston, Paul, additional, Khayyam Butt, Junaid, additional, Khokhar, Fahim, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kuhn, Jonas, additional, Kumar, Vinod, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Merlaud, Alexis, additional, Mishra, Abhishek K., additional, Müller, Moritz, additional, Navarro-Comas, Monica, additional, Ostendorf, Mareike, additional, Pazmino, Andrea, additional, Peters, Enno, additional, Pinardi, Gaia, additional, Pinharanda, Manuel, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Platt, Ulrich, additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Prados-Roman, Cristina, additional, Puentedura, Olga, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Schönhardt, Anja, additional, Schreier, Stefan F., additional, Seyler, André, additional, Sinha, Vinayak, additional, Spinei, Elena, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Tack, Frederik, additional, Tian, Xin, additional, Tiefengraber, Martin, additional, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, additional, van Gent, Jeroen, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, additional, Wang, Shanshan, additional, Wang, Zhuoru, additional, Wenig, Mark, additional, Wittrock, Folkard, additional, Xie, Pinhua H., additional, Xu, Jin, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Zhang, Chengxin, additional, and Zhao, Xiaoyi, additional
Published: 2020
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42. Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV-Visible spectrometers during the CINDI-2 campaign

Author: Kreher, Karin, Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Frieß, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Monica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Bösch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Chan, Ka L., Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, Garcia-Nieto, David, Gielen, Clio, Gómez-Martín, Laura, Hao, Nan, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Irie, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnston, Paul, Khayyam Butt, Junaid, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, Theodore K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Lampel, Johannes, Liu, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, Abhishek K., Müller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Ostendorf, Mareike, Pazmino, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, Manuel, Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schönhardt, Anja, Schreier, Stefan F., Seyler, Andre, Sinha, Vinayak, Spinei, Elena, Strong, Kimberly, Tack, Frederik, Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, Martin, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, Gent, Jeron, Volkamer, Rainer, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, Folkard, Xie, Pinhua H., Xu, Jin, Yela, Margarita, Zhang, Chengxin, and Zhao, Xiaoyi
Abstract: In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 days during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, The Netherlands (51.97° N, 4.93° E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, to discuss the performance of the various types of instruments and to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxygen dimer (O4) and ozone (O3) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in an unprecedented set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by each instrument and for each of the target data products. The slope and intercept of the regression analysis respectively quantify the mean systematic bias and offset of the individual data sets against the reference, and the RMS error provides an estimate of the measurement noise or dispersion. These three criteria are examined and for each of the parameters and each of the data products, performance thresholds are set and applied to all the measurements. The approach presented here has been developed based on heritage from previous intercomparison exercises. It introduces a quantitative assessment of the measurement performance of all the participating instruments for the MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky DOAS techniques.
Published: 2019

43. Importance of reactive halogens in the tropical marine atmosphere : A regional modelling study using WRF-Chem

Author: Badia, Alba, Reeves, Claire E., Baker, Alex R., Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Volkamer, Rainer, Koenig, Theodore K., Apel, Eric C., Hornbrook, Rebecca S., Carpenter, Lucy J., Andrews, Stephen J., Sherwen, Tomás, and Von Glasow, Roland
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of reactive halogen species (RHS, containing chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) or iodine (I)) on atmospheric chemistry in the tropical troposphere and explores the sensitivity to uncertainties in the fluxes of RHS to the atmosphere and their chemical processing. To do this, the regional chemistry transport model WRF-Chem has been extended to include Br and I, as well as Cl chemistry for the first time, including heterogeneous recycling reactions involving sea-salt aerosol and other particles, reactions of Br and Cl with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), along with oceanic emissions of halocarbons, VOCs and inorganic iodine. The study focuses on the tropical east Pacific using field observations from the Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogen species and Oxygenated VOC (TORERO) campaign (January-February 2012) to evaluate the model performance. Including all the new processes, the model does a reasonable job reproducing the observed mixing ratios of bromine oxide (BrO) and iodine oxide (IO), albeit with some discrepancies, some of which can be attributed to difficulties in the model's ability to reproduce the observed halocarbons. This is somewhat expected given the large uncertainties in the air-sea fluxes of the halocarbons in a region where there are few observations of their seawater concentrations. We see a considerable impact on the inorganic bromine (Br y ) partitioning when heterogeneous chemistry is included, with a greater proportion of the Br y in active forms such as BrO, HOBr and dihalogens. Including debromination of sea salt increases BrO slightly throughout the free troposphere, but in the tropical marine boundary layer, where the sea-salt particles are plentiful and relatively acidic, debromination leads to overestimation of the observed BrO. However, it should be noted that the modelled BrO was extremely sensitive to the inclusion of reactions between Br and the oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), which convert Br to HBr, a far less reactive form of Br y . Excluding these reactions leads to modelled BrO mixing ratios greater than observed. The reactions between Br and aldehydes were found to be particularly important, despite the model underestimating the amount of aldehydes observed in the atmosphere. There are only small changes to the inorganic iodine (Iy) partitioning and IO when the heterogeneous reactions, primarily on sea salt, are included. Our model results show that tropospheric Ox loss due to halogens ranges between 25% and 60%. Uncertainties in the heterogeneous chemistry accounted for a small proportion of this range (25% to 31%). This range is in good agreement with other estimates from state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models. The upper bound is found when reactions between Br and Cl with VOCs are not included and, consequently, Ox loss by BrOx, ClOx and IOx cycles is high (60%). With the inclusion of halogens in the troposphere, O 3 is reduced by 7ppbv on average. However, when reactions between Br and Cl with VOCs are not included, O 3 is much lower than observed. Therefore, the tropospheric Ox budget is highly sensitive to the inclusion of halogen reactions with VOCs and to the uncertainties in current understanding of these reactions and the abundance of VOCs in the remote marine atmosphere.
Published: 2019

44. Enhanced growth rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid

Author: Stolzenburg, Dominik, primary, Simon, Mario, additional, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Nieminen, Tuomo, additional, Pichelstorfer, Lukas, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Amorim, António, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bräkling, Steffen, additional, Caudillo Murillo, Lucía, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Dias, António, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Gonzalez Carracedo, Loic, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kong, Weimeng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Wlasits, Peter J., additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Carslaw, Kenneth S., additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, and Winkler, Paul M., additional
Published: 2019
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45. Supplementary material to "Enhanced growth rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid"

Author: Stolzenburg, Dominik, primary, Simon, Mario, additional, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Nieminen, Tuomo, additional, Pichelstorfer, Lukas, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Amorim, António, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bräkling, Steffen, additional, Caudillo Murillo, Lucía, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chu, Biwu, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Dias, António, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Gonzalez Carracedo, Loic, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kong, Weimeng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marie, Guillaume, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Shen, Jiali, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Wlasits, Peter J., additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Carslaw, Kenneth S., additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, and Winkler, Paul M., additional
Published: 2019
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46. Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV-Visible spectrometers during the CINDI-2 campaign

Author: Kreher, Karin, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, Francois, additional, Apituley, Arnoud, additional, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Abuhassan, Nader, additional, Ang, Li, additional, Anguas, Monica, additional, Bais, Alkis, additional, Benavent, Nuria, additional, Bösch, Tim, additional, Bognar, Kristof, additional, Borovski, Alexander, additional, Bruchkouski, Ilya, additional, Cede, Alexander, additional, Chan, Ka L., additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Fayt, Caroline, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Garcia-Nieto, David, additional, Gielen, Clio, additional, Gómez-Martín, Laura, additional, Hao, Nan, additional, Herman, Jay R., additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Hoque, Syedul, additional, Irie, Hitoshi, additional, Jin, Junli, additional, Johnston, Paul, additional, Khayyam Butt, Junaid, additional, Khokhar, Fahim, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kuhn, Jonas, additional, Kumar, Vinod, additional, Lampel, Johannes, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Merlaud, Alexis, additional, Mishra, Abhishek K., additional, Müller, Moritz, additional, Navarro-Comas, Monica, additional, Ostendorf, Mareike, additional, Pazmino, Andrea, additional, Peters, Enno, additional, Pinardi, Gaia, additional, Pinharanda, Manuel, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Platt, Ulrich, additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Prados-Roman, Cristina, additional, Puentedura, Olga, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Schönhardt, Anja, additional, Schreier, Stefan F., additional, Seyler, Andre, additional, Sinha, Vinayak, additional, Spinei, Elena, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Tack, Frederik, additional, Tian, Xin, additional, Tiefengraber, Martin, additional, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, additional, van Gent, Jeron, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, additional, Wang, Shanshan, additional, Wang, Zhuoru, additional, Wenig, Mark, additional, Wittrock, Folkard, additional, Xie, Pinhua H., additional, Xu, Jin, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Zhang, Chengxin, additional, and Zhao, Xiaoyi, additional
Published: 2019
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47. Supplementary material to "Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV-Visible spectrometers during the CINDI-2 campaign"

Author: Kreher, Karin, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, Francois, additional, Apituley, Arnoud, additional, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Abuhassan, Nader, additional, Ang, Li, additional, Anguas, Monica, additional, Bais, Alkis, additional, Benavent, Nuria, additional, Bösch, Tim, additional, Bognar, Kristof, additional, Borovski, Alexander, additional, Bruchkouski, Ilya, additional, Cede, Alexander, additional, Chan, Ka L., additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Fayt, Caroline, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Garcia-Nieto, David, additional, Gielen, Clio, additional, Gómez-Martín, Laura, additional, Hao, Nan, additional, Herman, Jay R., additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Hoque, Syedul, additional, Irie, Hitoshi, additional, Jin, Junli, additional, Johnston, Paul, additional, Khayyam Butt, Junaid, additional, Khokhar, Fahim, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kuhn, Jonas, additional, Kumar, Vinod, additional, Lampel, Johannes, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Merlaud, Alexis, additional, Mishra, Abhishek K., additional, Müller, Moritz, additional, Navarro-Comas, Monica, additional, Ostendorf, Mareike, additional, Pazmino, Andrea, additional, Peters, Enno, additional, Pinardi, Gaia, additional, Pinharanda, Manuel, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Platt, Ulrich, additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Prados-Roman, Cristina, additional, Puentedura, Olga, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Schönhardt, Anja, additional, Schreier, Stefan F., additional, Seyler, Andre, additional, Sinha, Vinayak, additional, Spinei, Elena, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Tack, Frederik, additional, Tian, Xin, additional, Tiefengraber, Martin, additional, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, additional, van Gent, Jeron, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, additional, Wang, Shanshan, additional, Wang, Zhuoru, additional, Wenig, Mark, additional, Wittrock, Folkard, additional, Xie, Pinhua H., additional, Xu, Jin, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Zhang, Chengxin, additional, and Zhao, Xiaoyi, additional
Published: 2019
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48. Effect of sea salt aerosol on tropospheric bromine chemistry

Author: Zhu, Lei, primary, Jacob, Daniel J., additional, Eastham, Sebastian D., additional, Sulprizio, Melissa P., additional, Wang, Xuan, additional, Sherwen, Tomás, additional, Evans, Mat J., additional, Chen, Qianjie, additional, Alexander, Becky, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Huey, L. Gregory, additional, Le Breton, Michael, additional, Bannan, Thomas J., additional, and Percival, Carl J., additional
Published: 2019
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49. Importance of reactive halogens in the tropical marine atmosphere: a regional modelling study using WRF-Chem

Author: Badia, Alba, primary, Reeves, Claire E., additional, Baker, Alex R., additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Carpenter, Lucy J., additional, Andrews, Stephen J., additional, Sherwen, Tomás, additional, and von Glasow, Roland, additional
Published: 2019
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50. Stratospheric Injection of Brominated Very Short-Lived Substances:Aircraft Observations in the Western Pacific and Representation in Global Models

Author: Wales, Pamela A., Salawitch, Ross J., Nicely, Julie M., Anderson, Daniel C., Canty, Timothy P., Baidar, Sunil, Dix, Barbara, Koenig, Theodore K., Volkamer, Rainer, Chen, Dexian, Huey, L. Gregory, Tanner, David J., Cuevas, Carlos A., Fernandez, Rafael P., Kinnison, Douglas E., Lamarque, Jean-francois, Saiz-lopez, Alfonso, Atlas, Elliot L., Hall, Samuel R., Navarro, Maria A., Pan, Laura L., Schauffler, Sue M., Stell, Meghan, Tilmes, Simone, Ullmann, Kirk, Weinheimer, Andrew J., Akiyoshi, Hideharu, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Deushi, Makoto, Dhomse, Sandip S., Feng, Wuhu, Graf, Phoebe, Hossaini, Ryan, Jöckel, Patrick, Mancini, Eva, Michou, Martine, Morgenstern, Olaf, Oman, Luke D., Pitari, Giovanni, Plummer, David A., Revell, Laura E., Rozanov, Eugene, Saint-martin, David, Schofield, Robyn, Stenke, Andrea, Stone, Kane A., Visioni, Daniele, Yamashita, Yousuke, Zeng, Guang, Wales, Pamela A., Salawitch, Ross J., Nicely, Julie M., Anderson, Daniel C., Canty, Timothy P., Baidar, Sunil, Dix, Barbara, Koenig, Theodore K., Volkamer, Rainer, Chen, Dexian, Huey, L. Gregory, Tanner, David J., Cuevas, Carlos A., Fernandez, Rafael P., Kinnison, Douglas E., Lamarque, Jean-francois, Saiz-lopez, Alfonso, Atlas, Elliot L., Hall, Samuel R., Navarro, Maria A., Pan, Laura L., Schauffler, Sue M., Stell, Meghan, Tilmes, Simone, Ullmann, Kirk, Weinheimer, Andrew J., Akiyoshi, Hideharu, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Deushi, Makoto, Dhomse, Sandip S., Feng, Wuhu, Graf, Phoebe, Hossaini, Ryan, Jöckel, Patrick, Mancini, Eva, Michou, Martine, Morgenstern, Olaf, Oman, Luke D., Pitari, Giovanni, Plummer, David A., Revell, Laura E., Rozanov, Eugene, Saint-martin, David, Schofield, Robyn, Stenke, Andrea, Stone, Kane A., Visioni, Daniele, Yamashita, Yousuke, and Zeng, Guang
Abstract: We quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short‐lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.0 ± 2.1 ppt, in agreement with the 5 ± 3 ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC‐11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.9 ± 0.6 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.1 ± 2.1 ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry‐Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer‐lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS.
Published: 2018

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