89 results on '"Koen Cuypers"'
Search Results
2. White matter and neurochemical mechanisms underlying age-related differences in motor processing speed
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Amirhossein Rasooli, Hamed Zivari Adab, Peter Van Ruitenbeek, Akila Weerasekera, Sima Chalavi, Koen Cuypers, Oron Levin, Thijs Dhollander, Ronald Peeters, Stefan Sunaert, Dante Mantini, and Stephan P. Swinnen
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Physics magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Aging is associated with changes in the central nervous system and leads to reduced life quality. Here, we investigated the age-related differences in the CNS underlying motor performance deficits using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion MRI. MRS measured N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) concentrations in the sensorimotor and occipital cortex, whereas dMRI quantified apparent fiber density (FD) in the same voxels to evaluate white matter microstructural organization. We found that aging was associated with increased reaction time and reduced FD and NAA concentration in the sensorimotor voxel. Both FD and NAA mediated the association between age and reaction time. The NAA concentration was found to mediate the association between age and FD in the sensorimotor voxel. We propose that the age-related decrease in NAA concentration may result in reduced axonal fiber density in the sensorimotor cortex which may ultimately account for the response slowness of older participants.
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- 2023
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3. Organization of neurochemical interactions in young and older brains as revealed with a network approach: Evidence from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)
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Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto, Oron Levin, Lize Hermans, Akila Weerasekera, Anca Croitor Sava, Astrid Haghebaert, Astrid Huybrechts, Koen Cuypers, Dante Mantini, Uwe Himmelreich, and Stephan P. Swinnen
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Aging ,Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Graph theory ,Metabolites ,Networks ,Choline ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Aging is associated with alterations in the brain including structural and metabolic changes. Previous research has focused on neurometabolite level differences associated to age in a variety of brain regions, but the relationship among metabolites across the brain has been much less studied. Investigating these relationships can reveal underlying neurometabolic processes, their interdependency, and their progress throughout the lifespan. Using 1H-MRS, we investigated the relationship among metabolite concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), myo-Inositol (mIns) and glutamate-glutamine complex (Glx) in seven voxel locations, i.e., bilateral sensorimotor cortex, bilateral striatum, pre-supplementary motor area, right inferior frontal gyrus and occipital cortex. These measurements were performed on 59 human participants divided in two age groups: young adults (YA: 23.2 ± 4.3; 18–34 years) and older adults (OA: 67.5 ± 3.9; 61–74 years). Our results showed age-related differences in NAA, Cho, and mIns across brain regions, suggesting the presence of neurodegeneration and altered gliosis. Moreover, associative patterns among NAA, Cho and Cr were observed across the selected brain regions, which differed between young and older adults. Whereas most of metabolite concentrations were inhomogeneous across different brain regions, Cho levels were shown to be strongly related across brain regions in both age groups. Finally, we found metabolic associations between homologous brain regions (SM1 and striatum) in the OA group, with NAA showing a significant correlation between bilateral sensorimotor cortices (SM1) and mIns levels being correlated between the bilateral striata. We posit that a network perspective provides important insights regarding the potential interactions among neurochemicals underlying metabolic processes at a local and global level and their relationship with aging.
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- 2023
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4. No evidence for a difference in lateralization and distinctiveness level of transcranial magnetic stimulation-derived cortical motor representations over the adult lifespan
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Melina Hehl, Stephan P. Swinnen, Shanti Van Malderen, and Koen Cuypers
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cortical motor representation ,aging ,lateralization ,distinctiveness ,dedifferentiation ,transcrancial magnetic stimulation (TMS) ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence and patterns of age-related differences in TMS-based measures of lateralization and distinctiveness of the cortical motor representations of two different hand muscles. In a sample of seventy-three right-handed healthy participants over the adult lifespan, the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) cortical motor representations of both hemispheres were acquired using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In addition, dexterity and maximum force levels were measured. Lateralization quotients were calculated for homolog behavioral and TMS measures, whereas the distinctiveness between the FDI and ADM representation within one hemisphere was quantified by the center of gravity (CoG) distance and cosine similarity. The presence and patterns of age-related changes were examined using linear, polynomial, and piecewise linear regression. No age-related differences could be identified for the lateralization quotient of behavior or cortical motor representations of both intrinsic hand muscles. Furthermore, no evidence for a change in the distinctiveness of the FDI and ADM representation with advancing age was found. In conclusion this work showed that lateralization and distinctiveness of cortical motor representations, as determined by means of TMS-based measures, remain stable over the adult lifespan.
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- 2022
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5. Dissociating the causal role of left and right dorsal premotor cortices in planning and executing bimanual movements – A neuro-navigated rTMS study
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Stefanie Verstraelen, Kim van Dun, Siel Depestele, Sybren Van Hoornweder, Asif Jamil, Ensiyeh Ghasemian-Shirvan, Michael A. Nitsche, Shanti Van Malderen, Stephan P. Swinnen, Koen Cuypers, and Raf L.J. Meesen
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Bimanual coordination ,Dorsal premotor cortex ,Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Interhemispheric interaction ,Virtual lesion ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background: The dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is a key region in bimanual coordination. However, causal evidence linking PMd functionality during motor planning and execution to movement quality is lacking. Objective: We investigated how left (PMdL) and right PMd (PMdR) are causally involved in planning and executing bimanual movements, using short-train repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Additionally, we explored to what extent the observed rTMS-induced modulation of performance could be explained by rTMS-induced modulation of PMd-M1 interhemispheric interactions (IHI). Methods: Twenty healthy adults (mean age ± SD = 22.85 ± 3.73 years) participated in two sessions, in which either PMdL or PMdR was targeted with rTMS (10 Hz) in a pseudo-randomized design. PMd functionality was transiently modulated during the planning or execution of a complex bimanual task, whereby the participant was asked to track a moving dot by controlling two dials. The effect of rTMS on several performance measures was investigated. Concurrently, rTMS-induced modulation of PMd-M1 IHI was measured using a dual-coil paradigm, and associated with the rTMS-induced performance modulation. Results: rTMS over PMdL during planning increased bilateral hand movement speed (p = 0.03), thereby improving movement accuracy (p = 0.02). In contrast, rTMS over PMdR during both planning and execution induced deterioration of movement stability (p = 0.04). rTMS-induced modulation of PMd-M1 IHI during planning did not predict rTMS-induced performance modulation. Conclusion: The current findings support the growing evidence on PMdL dominance during motor planning, as PMdL was crucially involved in planning the speed of each hand, subserving bimanual coordination accuracy. Moreover, the current results suggest that PMdR fulfills a role in continuous adjustment processes of movement.
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- 2021
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6. Frequency drift in MR spectroscopy at 3T
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Steve C.N. Hui, Mark Mikkelsen, Helge J. Zöllner, Vishwadeep Ahluwalia, Sarael Alcauter, Laima Baltusis, Deborah A. Barany, Laura R. Barlow, Robert Becker, Jeffrey I. Berman, Adam Berrington, Pallab K. Bhattacharyya, Jakob Udby Blicher, Wolfgang Bogner, Mark S. Brown, Vince D. Calhoun, Ryan Castillo, Kim M. Cecil, Yeo Bi Choi, Winnie C.W. Chu, William T. Clarke, Alexander R. Craven, Koen Cuypers, Michael Dacko, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Patricia Desmond, Aleksandra Domagalik, Julien Dumont, Niall W. Duncan, Ulrike Dydak, Katherine Dyke, David A. Edmondson, Gabriele Ende, Lars Ersland, C. John Evans, Alan S.R. Fermin, Antonio Ferretti, Ariane Fillmer, Tao Gong, Ian Greenhouse, James T. Grist, Meng Gu, Ashley D. Harris, Katarzyna Hat, Stefanie Heba, Eva Heckova, John P. Hegarty, II, Kirstin-Friederike Heise, Shiori Honda, Aaron Jacobson, Jacobus F.A. Jansen, Christopher W. Jenkins, Stephen J. Johnston, Christoph Juchem, Alayar Kangarlu, Adam B. Kerr, Karl Landheer, Thomas Lange, Phil Lee, Swati Rane Levendovszky, Catherine Limperopoulos, Feng Liu, William Lloyd, David J. Lythgoe, Maro G. Machizawa, Erin L. MacMillan, Richard J. Maddock, Andrei V. Manzhurtsev, María L. Martinez-Gudino, Jack J. Miller, Heline Mirzakhanian, Marta Moreno-Ortega, Paul G. Mullins, Shinichiro Nakajima, Jamie Near, Ralph Noeske, Wibeke Nordhøy, Georg Oeltzschner, Raul Osorio-Duran, Maria C.G. Otaduy, Erick H. Pasaye, Ronald Peeters, Scott J. Peltier, Ulrich Pilatus, Nenad Polomac, Eric C. Porges, Subechhya Pradhan, James Joseph Prisciandaro, Nicolaas A Puts, Caroline D. Rae, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Timothy P.L. Roberts, Caroline E. Robertson, Jens T. Rosenberg, Diana-Georgiana Rotaru, Ruth L O'Gorman Tuura, Muhammad G. Saleh, Kristian Sandberg, Ryan Sangill, Keith Schembri, Anouk Schrantee, Natalia A. Semenova, Debra Singel, Rouslan Sitnikov, Jolinda Smith, Yulu Song, Craig Stark, Diederick Stoffers, Stephan P. Swinnen, Rongwen Tain, Costin Tanase, Sofie Tapper, Martin Tegenthoff, Thomas Thiel, Marc Thioux, Peter Truong, Pim van Dijk, Nolan Vella, Rishma Vidyasagar, Andrej Vovk, Guangbin Wang, Lars T. Westlye, Timothy K. Wilbur, William R. Willoughby, Martin Wilson, Hans-Jörg Wittsack, Adam J. Woods, Yen-Chien Wu, Junqian Xu, Maria Yanez Lopez, David K.W. Yeung, Qun Zhao, Xiaopeng Zhou, Gasper Zupan, and Richard A.E. Edden
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) ,Frequency drift ,3T ,Press ,Multi-vendor ,Multi-site ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Purpose: Heating of gradient coils and passive shim components is a common cause of instability in the B0 field, especially when gradient intensive sequences are used. The aim of the study was to set a benchmark for typical drift encountered during MR spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the need for real-time field-frequency locking on MRI scanners by comparing field drift data from a large number of sites. Method: A standardized protocol was developed for 80 participating sites using 99 3T MR scanners from 3 major vendors. Phantom water signals were acquired before and after an EPI sequence. The protocol consisted of: minimal preparatory imaging; a short pre-fMRI PRESS; a ten-minute fMRI acquisition; and a long post-fMRI PRESS acquisition. Both pre- and post-fMRI PRESS were non-water suppressed. Real-time frequency stabilization/adjustment was switched off when appropriate. Sixty scanners repeated the protocol for a second dataset. In addition, a three-hour post-fMRI MRS acquisition was performed at one site to observe change of gradient temperature and drift rate. Spectral analysis was performed using MATLAB. Frequency drift in pre-fMRI PRESS data were compared with the first 5:20 minutes and the full 30:00 minutes of data after fMRI. Median (interquartile range) drifts were measured and showed in violin plot. Paired t-tests were performed to compare frequency drift pre- and post-fMRI. A simulated in vivo spectrum was generated using FID-A to visualize the effect of the observed frequency drifts. The simulated spectrum was convolved with the frequency trace for the most extreme cases. Impacts of frequency drifts on NAA and GABA were also simulated as a function of linear drift. Data from the repeated protocol were compared with the corresponding first dataset using Pearson's and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: Of the data collected from 99 scanners, 4 were excluded due to various reasons. Thus, data from 95 scanners were ultimately analyzed. For the first 5:20 min (64 transients), median (interquartile range) drift was 0.44 (1.29) Hz before fMRI and 0.83 (1.29) Hz after. This increased to 3.15 (4.02) Hz for the full 30 min (360 transients) run. Average drift rates were 0.29 Hz/min before fMRI and 0.43 Hz/min after. Paired t-tests indicated that drift increased after fMRI, as expected (p < 0.05). Simulated spectra convolved with the frequency drift showed that the intensity of the NAA singlet was reduced by up to 26%, 44 % and 18% for GE, Philips and Siemens scanners after fMRI, respectively. ICCs indicated good agreement between datasets acquired on separate days. The single site long acquisition showed drift rate was reduced to 0.03 Hz/min approximately three hours after fMRI. Discussion: This study analyzed frequency drift data from 95 3T MRI scanners. Median levels of drift were relatively low (5-min average under 1 Hz), but the most extreme cases suffered from higher levels of drift. The extent of drift varied across scanners which both linear and nonlinear drifts were observed.
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- 2021
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7. Neurophysiological modulations in the (pre)motor-motor network underlying age-related increases in reaction time and the role of GABA levels – a bimodal TMS-MRS study
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Stefanie Verstraelen, Koen Cuypers, Celine Maes, Melina Hehl, Shanti Van Malderen, Oron Levin, Mark Mikkelsen, Raf L.J. Meesen, and Stephan P. Swinnen
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Aging ,Interhemispheric interaction ,GABA ,choice reaction time ,MRS ,TMS ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
It has been argued that age-related changes in the neurochemical and neurophysiological properties of the GABAergic system may underlie increases in reaction time (RT) in older adults. However, the role of GABA levels within the sensorimotor cortices (SMC) in mediating interhemispheric interactions (IHi) during the processing stage of a fast motor response, as well as how both properties explain interindividual differences in RT, are not yet fully understood.In this study, edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was combined with dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS) for probing GABA+ levels in bilateral SMC and task-related neurophysiological modulations in corticospinal excitability (CSE), and primary motor cortex (M1)-M1 and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd)-M1 IHi, respectively. Both CSE and IHi were assessed during the preparatory and premotor period of a delayed choice RT task. Data were collected from 25 young (aged 18–33 years) and 28 older (aged 60–74 years) healthy adults.Our results demonstrated that older as compared to younger adults exhibited a reduced bilateral CSE suppression, as well as a reduced magnitude of long latency M1-M1 and PMd-M1 disinhibition during the preparatory period, irrespective of the direction of the IHi. Importantly, in older adults, the GABA+ levels in bilateral SMC partially accounted for task-related neurophysiological modulations as well as individual differences in RT. In contrast, in young adults, neither task-related neurophysiological modulations, nor individual differences in RT were associated with SMC GABA+ levels.In conclusion, this study contributes to a comprehensive initial understanding of how age-related differences in neurochemical properties and neurophysiological processes are related to increases in RT.
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- 2021
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8. Age-related alterations of task-related but not task-free TMS-EEG profile correspond to PET-derived GABAA receptor availability
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Kirstin-Friederike Heise, Inge Leunissen, Lilla Eszter Osztobányi, Patrick Dupont, Koen Cuypers, and Stephan Swinnen
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2021
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9. Aging and Complexity Effects on Hemisphere-Dependent Movement-Related Beta Desynchronization during Bimanual Motor Planning and Execution
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Sybren Van Hoornweder, Diego Andres Blanco-Mora, Siel Depestele, Kim van Dun, Koen Cuypers, Stefanie Verstraelen, and Raf Meesen
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electroencephalography ,aging ,bimanual coordination ,interlimb coordination ,motor planning ,motor execution ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
With aging comes degradation of bimanual movement performance. A hallmark feature of bimanual movements is movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD), an attenuation in the amplitude of beta oscillations associated with sensorimotor activation. Here, we investigated MRBD in 39 healthy adults (20 younger and 19 older adults) in frontal, central, and parietal regions across both hemispheres, during the planning and execution of a bimanual tracking task. Task accuracy decreased with age and during more difficult conditions when both hands had to move at different relative speeds. MRBD was mostly situated in the central region, and increased in older versus younger adults during movement execution but not planning. Irrespective of age, motor planning and execution were associated with increased MRBD in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. Notably, right central MRBD during motor planning was associated with bimanual task performance, particularly in older adults. Specifically, persons who demonstrated high MRBD during motor planning performed better on the bimanual tracking task. Our results highlight the importance of lateralized MRBD during motor planning, thereby shining new light on previous research and providing a promising avenue for future interventions.
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- 2022
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10. GABA levels are differentially associated with bimanual motor performance in older as compared to young adults
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Celine Maes, Koen Cuypers, Kirstin-Friederike Heise, Richard A.E. Edden, Jolien Gooijers, and Stephan P. Swinnen
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GABA ,Aging ,MRS ,Motor performance ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Although gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is of particular importance for efficient motor functioning, very little is known about the relationship between regional GABA levels and motor performance. Some studies suggest this relation to be subject to age-related differences even though literature is scarce. To clarify this matter, we employed a comprehensive approach and investigated GABA levels within young and older adults across multiple motor tasks as well as multiple brain regions. Specifically, 30 young and 30 older adults completed a task battery of three different bimanual tasks. Furthermore, GABA levels were obtained within bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), bilateral dorsal premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results indicated that older adults, as compared to their younger counterparts, performed worse on all bimanual tasks and exhibited lower GABA levels in bilateral SM1 only. Moreover, GABA levels across the motor network and DLPFC were differentially associated with performance in young as opposed to older adults on a manual dexterity and bimanual coordination task but not a finger tapping task. Specifically, whereas higher GABA levels related to better manual dexterity within older adults, higher GABA levels predicted poorer bimanual coordination performance in young adults. By determining a task-specific and age-dependent association between GABA levels across the cortical motor network and performance on distinct bimanual tasks, the current study advances insights in the role of GABA for motor performance in the context of aging.
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- 2021
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11. Neurophysiological modulations in the (pre)motor-motor network and the role of GABA+ levels underlying age-related reaction time slowing
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Koen Cuypers, Stefanie Verstraelen, Celine Maes, Melina Hehl, Shanti Van Malderen, Oron Levin, Mark Mikkelsen, Raf Meesen, and Stephan Swinnen
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2021
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12. Probing intrahemispheric PMd – M1 interactions with a novel dual-site TMS setup
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Melina Hehl, Stephan Swinnen, and Koen Cuypers
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2021
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13. Age-related GABAergic differences in the primary sensorimotor cortex: A multimodal approach combining PET, MRS and TMS
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Koen Cuypers, Melina Hehl, June van Aalst, Sima Chalavi, Mark Mikkelsen, Koen Van Laere, Patrick Dupont, Dante Mantini, and Stephan P. Swinnen
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Aging ,GABA ,PET ,MRS ,TMS ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with mechanistic changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. While previous work mainly focused on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based GABA+ levels and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-based GABAA receptor (GABAAR) activity in the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex, the aim of the current study was to identify age-related differences in positron emission tomography (PET)-based GABAAR availability and its relationship with GABA+ levels (i.e. GABA with the contribution of macromolecules) and GABAAR activity. For this purpose, fifteen young (aged 20–28 years) and fifteen older (aged 65–80 years) participants were recruited. PET and MRS images were acquired using simultaneous time-of-flight PET/MR to evaluate age-related differences in GABAAR availability (distribution volume ratio with pons as reference region) and GABA+ levels. TMS was applied to identify age-related differences in GABAAR activity by measuring short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Whereas GABAAR availability was significantly higher in the SM cortex of older as compared to young adults (18.5%), there were neither age-related differences in GABA+ levels nor SICI. A correlation analysis revealed no significant associations between GABAAR availability, GABAAR activity and GABA+ levels. Although the exact mechanisms need to be further elucidated, it is possible that a higher GABAAR availability in older adults is a compensatory mechanism to ensure optimal inhibitory functionality during the aging process.
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- 2021
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14. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Opportunities for a bimodal approach in human neuroscience
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Koen Cuypers and Anouk Marsman
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Plasticity ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) ,Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) ,Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ,Glutamate ,N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increasing number of studies combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS provides a manner to non-invasively investigate molecular concentrations in the living brain and thus identify metabolites involved in physiological and pathological processes. Particularly the MRS-detectable metabolites glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, are of interest when combining TMS and MRS. TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can be applied either as a neuromodulation or neurostimulation tool, specifically targeting glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. The combination of TMS and MRS can be used to evaluate alterations in brain metabolite levels following an interventional TMS protocol such as repetitive TMS (rTMS) or paired associative stimulation (PAS). MRS can also be combined with a variety of non-interventional TMS protocols to identify the interplay between brain metabolite levels and measures of excitability or receptor-mediated inhibition and facilitation. In this review, we provide an overview of studies performed in healthy and patient populations combining MRS and TMS, both as a measurement tool and as an intervention. TMS and MRS may reveal complementary and comprehensive information on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Potentially, connectivity changes and dedicated network interactions can be probed using the combined TMS-MRS approach. Considering the ongoing technical developments in both fields, combined studies hold future promise for investigations of brain network interactions and neurotransmission.
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- 2021
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15. Induced Suppression of the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Favorably Changes Interhemispheric Communication During Bimanual Coordination in Older Adults–A Neuronavigated rTMS Study
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Stefanie Verstraelen, Kim van Dun, Julie Duque, Hakuei Fujiyama, Oron Levin, Stephan P. Swinnen, Koen Cuypers, and Raf L. J. Meesen
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aging ,bimanual coordination ,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,interhemispheric interaction ,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Recent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research indicated that the ability of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to disinhibit the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) during motor preparation is an important predictor for bimanual motor performance in both young and older healthy adults. However, this DLPFC-M1 disinhibition is reduced in older adults. Here, we transiently suppressed left DLPFC using repetitive TMS (rTMS) during a cyclical bimanual task and investigated the effect of left DLPFC suppression: (1) on the projection from left DLPFC to the contralateral M1; and (2) on motor performance in 21 young (mean age ± SD = 21.57 ± 1.83) and 20 older (mean age ± SD = 69.05 ± 4.48) healthy adults. As predicted, without rTMS, older adults showed compromised DLPFC-M1 disinhibition as compared to younger adults and less preparatory DLPFC-M1 disinhibition was related to less accurate performance, irrespective of age. Notably, rTMS-induced DLPFC suppression restored DLPFC-M1 disinhibition in older adults and improved performance accuracy right after the local suppression in both age groups. However, the rTMS-induced gain in disinhibition was not correlated with the gain in performance. In sum, this novel rTMS approach advanced our mechanistic understanding of how left DLPFC regulates right M1 and allowed us to establish the causal role of left DLPFC in bimanual coordination.
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- 2020
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16. Optimization of the transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol by defining a reliable estimate for corticospinal excitability.
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Koen Cuypers, Herbert Thijs, and Raf L J Meesen
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The goal of this study was to optimize the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol for acquiring a reliable estimate of corticospinal excitability (CSE) using single-pulse TMS. Moreover, the minimal number of stimuli required to obtain a reliable estimate of CSE was investigated. In addition, the effect of two frequently used stimulation intensities [110% relative to the resting motor threshold (rMT) and 120% rMT] and gender was evaluated. Thirty-six healthy young subjects (18 males and 18 females) participated in a double-blind crossover procedure. They received 2 blocks of 40 consecutive TMS stimuli at either 110% rMT or 120% rMT in a randomized order. Based upon our data, we advise that at least 30 consecutive stimuli are required to obtain the most reliable estimate for CSE. Stimulation intensity and gender had no significant influence on CSE estimation. In addition, our results revealed that for subjects with a higher rMT, fewer consecutive stimuli were required to reach a stable estimate of CSE. The current findings can be used to optimize the design of similar TMS experiments.
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- 2014
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17. Is motor learning mediated by tDCS intensity?
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Koen Cuypers, Daphnie J F Leenus, Femke E van den Berg, Michael A Nitsche, Herbert Thijs, Nicole Wenderoth, and Raf L J Meesen
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Although tDCS has been shown to improve motor learning, previous studies reported rather small effects. Since physiological effects of tDCS depend on intensity, the present study evaluated this parameter in order to enhance the effect of tDCS on skill acquisition. The effect of different stimulation intensities of anodal tDCS (atDCS) was investigated in a double blind, sham controlled crossover design. In each condition, thirteen healthy subjects were instructed to perform a unimanual motor (sequence) learning task. Our results showed (1) a significant increase in the slope of the learning curve and (2) a significant improvement in motor performance at retention for 1.5 mA atDCS as compared to sham tDCS. No significant differences were reported between 1 mA atDCS and sham tDCS; and between 1.5 mA atDCS and 1 mA atDCS.
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- 2013
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18. Active versus passive training of a complex bimanual task: is prescriptive proprioceptive information sufficient for inducing motor learning?
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Iseult A M Beets, Marc Macé, Raf L J Meesen, Koen Cuypers, Oron Levin, and Stephan P Swinnen
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Perceptual processes play an important role in motor learning. While it is evident that visual information greatly contributes to learning new movements, much less is known about provision of prescriptive proprioceptive information. Here, we investigated whether passive (proprioceptively-based) movement training was comparable to active training for learning a new bimanual task. Three groups practiced a bimanual coordination pattern with a 1:2 frequency ratio and a 90° phase offset between both wrists with Lissajous feedback over the course of four days: 1) passive training; 2) active training; 3) no training (control). Retention findings revealed that passive as compared to active training resulted in equally successful acquisition of the frequency ratio but active training was more effective for acquisition of the new relative phasing between the limbs in the presence of augmented visual feedback. However, when this feedback was removed, performance of the new relative phase deteriorated in both groups whereas the frequency ratio was better preserved. The superiority of active over passive training in the presence of augmented feedback is hypothesized to result from active involvement in processes of error detection/correction and planning.
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- 2012
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19. Age and Interlimb Coordination Complexity Modulate Oscillatory Spectral Dynamics and Large-scale Functional Connectivity
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Sybren Van Hoornweder, Diego Andrés Blanco Mora, Siel Depestele, Joana Frieske, Kim van Dun, Koen Cuypers, Stefanie Verstraelen, and Raf L.J. Meesen
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Movement ,Parietal Lobe ,General Neuroscience ,Reaction Time ,Electroencephalography - Abstract
Interlimb coordination deteriorates as a result of aging. Due to its ubiquity in daily life, a greater understanding of the underlying neurophysiological changes is required. Here, we combined electroencephalography time-frequency spectral power and functional connectivity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of the neural dynamics underlying the age-related deterioration of interlimb coordination involving all four limbs. Theta, alpha and beta oscillations in the frontal, central and parietal regions were analyzed in twenty younger (18-30 years) and nineteen older adults (65-78 years) during a complex interlimb reaction time task. Reaction time was significantly higher in older adults across all conditions, and the discrepancy between both age groups was largest in the most complex movement condition. Older adults demonstrated enhanced beta event-related desynchronization (i.e., the attenuation of beta power), which further increased along with task complexity and was positively linked to behavioral performance. Theta functional connectivity between frontal, central and parietal regions generally increased with movement complexity, irrespective of age group. In general, frontoparietal alpha band functional connectivity tended to be reduced in older versus younger adults, although these contrasts did not survive multiple comparison corrections. Overall, spectral results suggest that enhanced beta desynchronization in older adults reflects a successful compensatory mechanism to cope with increased difficulty during complex interlimb coordination. Functional connectivity results suggest that theta and alpha band connectivity are prone to respectively task- and age-related modulations. Future work could target these spectral and functional connectivity dynamics through noninvasive brain stimulation to potentially improve interlimb coordination in older adults.
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- 2022
20. Studying lateralization changes in the aging brain
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Sara Magalhães Ferreira, Koen Cuypers, Melina Hehl, Magalhães Ferreira, Sara, CUYPERS, Koen, and HEHL, Melina
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GABA ,MRS ,Aging ,PET ,TMS ,aging ,fMRI ,lateralization ,Cell Biology ,symmetry - Abstract
Although, at first sight, one might assume that the human brain is constructed in a roughly symmetric fashion, at closer investigation it becomes apparent that it is inherently asymmetric, i.e., that homotopic brain regions show structural and functional differences [1]. This applies on a structural/anatomical level with, e.g., the right frontal lobe and left occipital lobe tending to protrude over the centerline in a counterclockwise manner called the Yakovlevian torque, but also on the level of brain activity, with certain functions being linked to asymmetric areas of brain activity, such as language which is mainly (but not exclusively) located in the left hemisphere. However, it has been demonstrated that with advancing age, this functional asymmetry of the brain undergoes plastic changes [1]. Over the years, several models have been developed to explain age-related changes in brain asymmetry, such as the Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults (HAROLD), the right-hemisphere aging, and the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC) model ([2] for review). Even though each model succeeds in explaining a subset of brain changes, none accomplishes to serve as an all-encompassing explanation. Therefore, another more recent attempt categorizes the existing evidence on brain aging into three main lines of interpretation, also applicable to brain lateralization: dedifferentiation, neural inefficiency, and compensatory plasticity [3, 4]. In brief, the dedifferentiation model assumes an age-related reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio and specialization of brain regions, resulting in an over-recruitment of task-specific and-unspecific brain regions in older versus younger adults; the neural inefficiency model hypothesizes a diminished signal processing efficiency of the aging brain, leading to a compensatory over-recruitment of task-specific brain regions; and the compensatory neural plasticity model describes (like the dedifferentiation model) an increased task-specific and-unspecific over-recruitment of brain regions with advancing age, however not as the result of malfunctioning but rather of compensatory functional reorganization [4]. As previously stated, advancing age simultaneously impacts lateralization structurally and functionally and a multitude of techniques are employed to study these changes. Structural changes in brain lateralization can be examined using neuroimaging. For example, alterations in the ratio between the two hemispheres' local cortical thickness, gray matter volume (e.g., using voxel-based morphometry analysis) or white matter connectivity (e.g., as assessed with diffusion-weighted imaging) of homologous brain regions can yield information about the brain's structural aging process [4]. At the intersection of brain structure and function, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are powerful tools to examine the cortex's lateralization. For example, single-pulse (sp)TMS can be used for investigating cortico-spinal excitability (CSE) and the spatial extent and localization of a muscle's cortical motor representation (i.e., motor map) at the primary motor cortex (M1). In addition, dual-site (ds)TMS can be applied to study the interaction of a motor-related brain region and M1 [5]. This can be done at rest or during a task for investigating the chronometry of CSE or an interaction on a temporal scale of milliseconds. While evidence on the lateralization of the brain's motor function using TMS is scarce, our recent work indicated no evidence for age-related differences in lateralization, i.e., in the ratio of the two hemispheres' CSE, motor map size and volume [6]. Lastly, repetitive (r)TMS can temporarily interfere with a brain region's function, resulting in a measurable change of behavior. For example, repetitive stimulation of Broca's area on the left hemisphere interferes with speech, while stimulating the anatomical homologue has no language-related effect. This allows us to study the laterality of a broader set of brain functions such as cognitive tasks [1]. When focusing on brain activation, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a prominent tool to capture the fluctuations in the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal over time during a task or at rest. Studying task-induced hemodynamic changes in specific brain regions helps to infer their function. More specifically, brain regions engaging synchronously in response to stimuli suggest shared functionality and, altogether, form a connection or network. In the absence of stimuli, i.e., at rest, brain activity is translated into Editorial www.aging-us.com
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- 2023
21. Task-Related Modulation of Sensorimotor GABA+ Levels in Association with Brain Activity and Motor Performance: A Multimodal MRS–fMRI Study in Young and Older Adults
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Celine Maes, Koen Cuypers, Ronald Peeters, Stefan Sunaert, Richard A. E. Edden, Jolien Gooijers, Stephan P. Swinnen, Sunaert, Stefan/0000-0002-1177-4680, Swinnen, Stephan/0000-0001-7173-435X, Maes, Celine/0000-0001-7771-7307, Maes, Celine, CUYPERS, Koen, Peeters, Ronald, Sunaert, Stefan, Edden, Richard A. E., Gooijers, Jolien, and Swinnen, Stephan P.
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Adult ,Male ,MRS ,Aging ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,General Neuroscience ,fMRI ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,GABA ,motor performance ,Humans ,Female ,Sensorimotor Cortex ,Psychomotor Performance ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,Research Articles ,Aged - Abstract
Recent studies suggest an important role of the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for motor performance in the context of aging. Nonetheless, as previous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies primarily reported resting-state GABA levels, much less is known about transient changes in GABA levels during motor task performance and how these relate to behavior and brain activity patterns. Therefore, we investigated GABA+ levels of left primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) acquired before, during, and after execution of a unimanual/bimanual action selection task in 30 (human) young adults (YA; age 24.5 ± 4.1, 15 male) and 30 older adults (OA; age 67.8 ± 4.9, 14 male). In addition to task-related MRS data, task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired. Behavioral results indicated lower motor performance in OA as opposed to YA, particularly in complex task conditions. MRS results demonstrated lower GABA+ levels in OA as compared with YA. Furthermore, a transient task-related decrease of GABA+ levels was observed, regardless of age. Notably, this task-induced modulation of GABA+ levels was linked to task-related brain activity patterns in SM1 such that a more profound task-induced instantaneous lowering of GABA+ was related to higher SM1 activity. Additionally, higher brain activity was related to better performance in the bimanual conditions, despite some age-related differences. Finally, the modulatory capacity of GABA+ was positively related to motor performance in OA but not YA. Together, these results underscore the importance of transient dynamical changes in neurochemical content for brain function and behavior, particularly in the context of aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Emerging evidence designates an important role to regional GABA levels in motor control, especially in the context of aging. However, it remains unclear whether changes in GABA levels emerge when executing a motor task and how these changes relate to brain activity patterns and performance. Here, we identified a transient decrease of sensorimotor GABA+ levels during performance of an action selection task across young adults (YA) and older adults (OA). Interestingly, whereas a more profound GABA+ modulation related to higher brain activity across age groups, its association with motor performance differed across age groups. Within OA, our results highlighted a functional merit of a task-related release from inhibitory tone, i.e. lowering regional GABA+ levels was associated with task-relevant brain activity. ispartof: JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE vol:42 issue:6 pages:1119-1130 ispartof: location:United States status: published
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- 2021
22. The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper-limb function post-stroke: A meta-analysis of multiple-session studies
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Koen Cuypers, Eva Bloemers, Sybren Van Hoornweder, Kim van Dun, Raf Meesen, Siel Depestele, Laurens Vanderzande, Carolien Strouwen, and Stefanie Verstraelen
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Patient characteristics ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,050105 experimental psychology ,Upper Extremity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Physiology (medical) ,Humans ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Chronic stroke ,Stroke ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Chronic stage ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Stroke Rehabilitation ,Recovery of Function ,medicine.disease ,Sensory Systems ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Meta-analysis ,Post stroke ,Upper limb ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective To systematically review how patient characteristics and/or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) parameters influence tDCS effectiveness in respect to upper limb function post-stroke. Methods Three electronic databases were searched for sham-controlled randomised trials using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity as outcome measure. A meta-analysis and nine subgroup-analyses were performed to identify which tDCS parameters yielded the greatest impact on upper limb function recovery in stroke patients. Results Eighteen high-quality studies (507 patients) were included. tDCS applied in a chronic stage yields greater results than tDCS applied in a (sub)acute stage. Additionally, patients with low baseline upper limb impairments seem to benefit more from tDCS than those with high baseline impairments. Regarding tDCS configuration, all stimulation types led to a significant improvement, but only tDCS applied during therapy, and not before therapy, yielded significant results. A positive dose–response relationship was identified for current/charge density and stimulation duration, but not for number of sessions. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that tDCS improves upper limb function post-stroke. However, its effectiveness depends on numerous factors. Especially chronic stroke patients improved, which is promising as they are typically least amenable to recovery. Significance The current work highlights the importance of several patient-related and protocol-related factors regarding tDCS effectiveness.
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- 2021
23. Unravelling Ipsilateral Interactions Between Left Dorsal Premotor and Primary Motor Cortex: A Proof of Concept Study
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Stefanie Verstraelen, Sybren Van Hoornweder, Ruben Debeuf, Raf Meesen, Koen Cuypers, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, and Rehabilitation Research
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Dorsum ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Stimulation ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Proof of Concept Study ,Functional Laterality ,Premotor cortex ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Interstimulus interval ,Motor Cortex ,Evoked Potentials, Motor ,Hand ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Electromagnetic coil ,Female ,Primary motor cortex ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Few studies have identified the intrahemispheric functional connectivity between the ipsilateral dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and the primary motor hand area (M1hand) due to technical limitations. In this proof-of-concept study, a novel neuronavigated dsTMS set-up was employed, combining stimulation over left PMd and left M1hand using the edge of a butterfly coil and a small cooled-coil. This arrangement was warranted because coil (over)heating and inter coil distance are limiting factors when investigating connectivity between stimulation targets in close proximity and over a longer duration. The proposed set-up was designed to deal with these limitations. Specifically, the effect of four dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS) protocols on twenty-eight right-handed participants (12 males) was evaluated. These protocols differed in stimulus order, interstimulus interval and current direction induced in PMd. A structural scan with electric (E-)field modeling was obtained from seven participants prior to dsTMS, demonstrating that PMd and M1hand were effectively stimulated. Results indicate that one protocol, in which a latero-medial current was induced in PMd 2.8 ms prior to stimulation over M1hand, induced a sex-mediated effect. In males, significant inhibition of motor-evoked potentials was identified, whereas females demonstrated a facilitatory effect that did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. E-field simulations revealed that the E-field induced by the coil targeting PMd was maximal in PMd, with weaker E-field strengths extending to regions beyond PMd. Summarizing, the current dsTMS set-up enabled stimulating at an inter-target distance of 35 mm without any indications of coil-overheating.
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- 2021
24. Organization of neurochemical interactions in young and older brains as revealed with a network approach: Evidence from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
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Geraldine, Rodríguez-Nieto, Oron, Levin, Lize, Hermans, Akila, Weerasekera, Anca Croitor, Sava, Astrid, Haghebaert, Astrid, Huybrechts, Koen, Cuypers, Dante, Mantini, Uwe, Himmelreich, and Stephan P, Swinnen
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Aging is associated with alterations in the brain including structural and metabolic changes. Previous research has focused on neurometabolite level differences associated to age in a variety of brain regions, but the relationship among metabolites across the brain has been much less studied. Investigating these relationships can reveal underlying neurometabolic processes, their interdependency, and their progress throughout the lifespan. Using
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- 2022
25. Dissociating the causal role of left and right dorsal premotor cortices in planning and executing bimanual movements – A neuro-navigated rTMS study
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Asif Jamil, Kim van Dun, Michael A. Nitsche, Stefanie Verstraelen, Koen Cuypers, Ensiyeh Ghasemian-Shirvan, Siel Depestele, Raf Meesen, Sybren Van Hoornweder, Shanti Van Malderen, Stephan P. Swinnen, VERSTRAELEN, Stefanie, Nitsche, Michael, VAN DUN, Kim, DEPESTELE, Siel, VAN HOORNWEDER, Sybren, JAMIL, Asif, GHASEMIAN SHIRVAN, Ensiyeh, Swinnen, Stephan, VAN MALDEREN, Shanti, CUYPERS, Koen, and MEESEN, Raf
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Adult ,dorsal premotor cortex ,Dorsum ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Movement ,Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biophysics ,Functional Laterality ,050105 experimental psychology ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Premotor cortex ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Bimanual coordination ,Interhemispheric interaction ,Virtual lesion ,Dorsal premotor cortex ,Movement quality ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,interhemispheric interaction ,Motor planning ,General Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Motor Cortex ,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Hand ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,virtual lesion ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Psychomotor Performance ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is a key region in bimanual coordination. However, causal evidence linking PMd functionality during motor planning and execution to movement quality is lacking. OBJECTIVE: We investigated how left (PMdL) and right PMd (PMdR) are causally involved in planning and executing bimanual movements, using short-train repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Additionally, we explored to what extent the observed rTMS-induced modulation of performance could be explained by rTMS-induced modulation of PMd-M1 interhemispheric interactions (IHI). METHODS: Twenty healthy adults (mean age ± SD = 22.85 ± 3.73 years) participated in two sessions, in which either PMdL or PMdR was targeted with rTMS (10 Hz) in a pseudo-randomized design. PMd functionality was transiently modulated during the planning or execution of a complex bimanual task, whereby the participant was asked to track a moving dot by controlling two dials. The effect of rTMS on several performance measures was investigated. Concurrently, rTMS-induced modulation of PMd-M1 IHI was measured using a dual-coil paradigm, and associated with the rTMS-induced performance modulation. RESULTS: rTMS over PMdL during planning increased bilateral hand movement speed (p = 0.03), thereby improving movement accuracy (p = 0.02). In contrast, rTMS over PMdR during both planning and execution induced deterioration of movement stability (p = 0.04). rTMS-induced modulation of PMd-M1 IHI during planning did not predict rTMS-induced performance modulation. CONCLUSION: The current findings support the growing evidence on PMdL dominance during motor planning, as PMdL was crucially involved in planning the speed of each hand, subserving bimanual coordination accuracy. Moreover, the current results suggest that PMdR fulfills a role in continuous adjustment processes of movement. ispartof: BRAIN STIMULATION vol:14 issue:2 pages:423-434 ispartof: location:United States status: published
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- 2021
26. Alterations of hand sensorimotor function and cortical motor representations over the adult lifespan
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Koen Cuypers, Stephan P. Swinnen, Melina Hehl, HEHL, Melina, Swinnen, Stephan P., and CUYPERS, Koen
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Adult ,Male ,Dorsum ,Aging ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Young Adult ,cortical motor representation ,Abductor digiti minimi ,medicine ,Humans ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Brain Mapping ,Hand muscles ,Hand Strength ,Electromyography ,aging ,Motor Cortex ,Cell Biology ,Middle Aged ,Hand ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,sensorimotor performance ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,intracortical inhibition/facilitation ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Intracortical facilitation ,Motor Skills ,Facilitation ,Intracortical inhibition ,Female ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) ,Primary motor cortex ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Research Paper - Abstract
Using a cross-sectional design, we aimed to identify the effect of aging on sensorimotor function and cortical motor representations of two intrinsic hand muscles, as well as the course and timing of those changes. Furthermore, the link between cortical motor representations, sensorimotor function, and intracortical inhibition and facilitation was investigated. Seventy-seven participants over the full adult lifespan were enrolled. For the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle, cortical motor representations, GABAA-mediated short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and glutamate-mediated intracortical facilitation (ICF) were assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dominant primary motor cortex. Additionally, participants' dexterity and force were measured. Linear, polynomial, and piecewise linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the course and timing of age-related differences. Our results demonstrated variation in sensorimotor function over the lifespan, with a marked decline starting around the mid-thirties. Furthermore, an age-related reduction in cortical motor representation volume and maximal MEP of the FDI, but not for ADM, was observed, occurring mainly until the mid-forties. Area of the cortical motor representation did not change with advancing age. Furthermore, cortical motor representations, sensorimotor function, and measures of intracortical inhibition and facilitation were not interrelated. This work was supported by the Research Fund KU Leuven (C16/15/070), the Research Foundation Flanders grant (G089818N), the Excellence of Science grant (EOS 30446199, MEMODYN) and the Hercules fund AUHL/11/01 (R-3987) and I005018N. The authors declare no competing financial interests. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Cuypers, K (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Movement Sci, Grp Biomed Sci, Movement Control & Neuroplastic Res Grp, Leuven, Belgium; Hasselt Univ, REVAL Res Inst, Agoralaan, Diepenbeek, Belgium. koen.cuypers@kuleuven.be
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- 2020
27. Dual-site TMS as a tool to probe effective interactions within the motor network: a review
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Shanti Van Malderen, Melina Hehl, Stefanie Verstraelen, Stephan P. Swinnen, Koen Cuypers, VAN MALDEREN, Shanti, HEHL, Melina, VERSTRAELEN, Stefanie, Swinnen, Stephan P., and CUYPERS, Koen
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TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION ,Science & Technology ,trans- cranial magnetic stimulation ,intrahemispheric interactions ,General Neuroscience ,DORSOLATERAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX ,Neurosciences ,UNILATERAL HAND MOVEMENTS ,FRONTAL-LOBE INPUTS ,INTERHEMISPHERIC INHIBITION ,FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY ,VENTRAL PREMOTOR ,CEREBELLAR BRAIN INHIBITION ,motor network ,connectivity ,DORSAL PREMOTOR CORTEX ,Neurosciences & Neurology ,POSTERIOR PARIETAL CORTEX ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,interhemispheric interactions - Abstract
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (ds-TMS) is well suited to investigate the causal effect of distant brain regions on the primary motor cortex, both at rest and during motor performance and learning. However, given the broad set of stimulation parameters, clarity about which parameters are most effective for identifying particular interactions is lacking. Here, evidence describing inter-and intra-hemispheric interactions during rest and in the context of motor tasks is reviewed. Our aims are threefold: (1) provide a detailed overview of ds-TMS literature regarding inter-and intra-hemispheric connectivity; (2) describe the applicability and contributions of these interactions to motor control, and; (3) discuss the practical implications and future directions. Of the 3659 studies screened, 109 were included and discussed. Overall, there is remarkable variability in the experimental context for assessing ds-TMS interactions, as well as in the use and reporting of stimulation parameters, hindering a quantitative comparison of results across studies. Further studies examining ds-TMS interactions in a systematic manner, and in which all critical parameters are carefully reported, are needed. This work was supported by the KULeuven Special Research Fund grant (C16/15/070), Research Foundation Flanders grant (G089818N and G039821N), and the Excellence of Science grant (EOS 30446199, MEMODYN). SVM (11L9322N) and MH (11F6921N) are funded by a grant from the Research Foundation Flanders. SVM is supported by the UHasselt Special Research Fund grant (BOF21INCENT15).
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- 2022
28. 'Does Vibration Frequency and Location Influence the Effect of Neck Muscle Vibration on Postural Sway? A Cross-Sectional Study in Asymptomatic Participants'
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Antonios Chalimourdas, Koen Cuypers, Annick Gilles, Willem De Hertogh, and Sarah Michiels
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
29. Can Cognitive training Reignite Compensatory Mechanisms in Advanced Multiple Sclerosis Patients? An Explorative Morphological Network Approach
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Joana Frieske, Deborah Pareto, Aran García-Vidal, Koen Cuypers, Raf L.J. Meesen, Juli Alonso, Maria Jesus Arévalo, Ingrid Galán, Marta Renom, Ángela Vidal-Jordana, Cristina Auger, Xavier Montalban, Àlex Rovira, and Jaume Sastre-Garriga
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Cognition ,Multiple Sclerosis ,General Neuroscience ,Brain ,Humans ,Cognition Disorders ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been shown to significantly impair brain connectivity, as alterations in functional and structural networks have been identified and associated with clinical status, particularly cognitive deficits. We aimed to identify structural connectivity changes in grey matter networks following cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in persons with MS (PwMS). Fifteen long-standing PwMS underwent a 5-week CR-program and five healthy controls (HC) were also investigated. T1-weighted MRI scans and neuropsychological tests were obtained before and after CR. T1-weighted scans were used to examine grey matter networks with graph analytic parameters [betweenness centrality (BC), degree (D), clustering (Cl), path length (PL) and small world properties: connectedness, gamma and lambda values]. Results were analysed at the whole brain level and for each brain lobe. Before CR, PwMS displayed lower values for D in the left parietal lobe (p = 0.009) compared to HC. After CR, significant increases in Cl located in frontal (p = 0.024) and temporal (p = 0.026) regions in PwMS were accompanied by significant decreases in PL located in the right parietal lobe (p = 0.025) and BC globally (p = 0.010). Overall, CR may prevent a network worsening in long-standing PwMS by increasing local efficiency of the brain and therefore facilitating compensation mechanisms.
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- 2021
30. Age-related alterations of task-related but not task-free TMS-EEG profile correspond to PET-derived GABAA receptor availability
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Koen Cuypers, Kirstin-Friederike Heise, Stephan P. Swinnen, Patrick Dupont, Lilla Eszter Osztobányi, and Inge Leunissen
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business.industry ,GABAA receptor ,General Neuroscience ,Age related ,Biophysics ,Medicine ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,Task (project management) ,RC321-571 - Published
- 2021
31. Frequency Drift in MR Spectroscopy at 3T
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Helge J. Zöllner, Pallab K. Bhattacharyya, Feng Liu, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Debra Singel, Nolan Vella, Vince D. Calhoun, Peter Truong, Ruth O'Gorman Tuura, Timothy K. Wilbur, Anouk Schrantee, Heline Mirzakhanian, Natalia Semenova, Shinichiro Nakajima, Kim M. Cecil, Katarzyna Hat, Catherine Limperopoulos, A Fillmer, Eric C. Porges, William T. Clarke, Christopher Jenkins, Koen Cuypers, Ronald Peeters, Xiaopeng Zhou, Yulu Song, James J. Prisciandaro, Muhammad G. Saleh, Craig E.L. Stark, Aleksandra Domagalik, Erin L. MacMillan, Stephen J. Johnston, Laima Baltusis, Stephan P. Swinnen, Laura Barlow, David J. Lythgoe, Jamie Near, Diederick Stoffers, Julien Dumont, Jeffrey I. Berman, Rishma Vidyasagar, Caroline Rae, A. V. Manzhurtsev, Robert Becker, María L. Martinez-Gudino, Stefanie Heba, Richard J. Maddock, Qun Zhao, Ian Greenhouse, Wibeke Nordhøy, Adam J. Woods, Deborah A. Barany, Mark Mikkelsen, Nicolaas A.J. Puts, David A. Edmondson, Sofie Tapper, Lars Ersland, Pim van Dijk, Jolinda Smith, Niall W. Duncan, Kirstin Heise, Junqian Xu, Costin Tanase, Tao Gong, William Lloyd, Ralph Noeske, Karl Landheer, Antonio Ferretti, Paul G. Mullins, Jacobus F.A. Jansen, Shiori Honda, Maria Yanez Lopez, Meng Gu, John P. Hegarty, Jack J. Miller, Thomas Thiel, Vishwadeep Ahluwalia, Patricia Desmond, Maro G. Machizawa, Jakob Udby Blicher, James T. Grist, Hans Jörg Wittsack, C. John Evans, Eva Heckova, Timothy P.L. Roberts, Martin Tegenthoff, Alayar Kangarlu, Ulrike Dydak, David K.W. Yeung, Diana Georgiana Rotaru, Lars T. Westlye, Jens T. Rosenberg, Adam Berrington, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Georg Oeltzschner, Richard A.E. Edden, Scott Peltier, Ashley D. Harris, Yeo Bi Choi, Marc Thioux, Mark S. Brown, Ulrich Pilatus, Marta Moreno-Ortega, Michael Dacko, Keith Schembri, Gabriele Ende, Guangbin Wang, Winnie C.W. Chu, Martin Wilson, Adam B. Kerr, Ryan Sangill, Alexander R. Craven, Rouslan Sitnikov, Kristian Sandberg, Katherine Dyke, Erick H. Pasaye, Swati Rane Levendovszky, Steve C.N. Hui, Yen Chien Wu, Rong-Wen Tain, Maria Concepcion Garcia Otaduy, Phil Lee, Andrej Vovk, Wolfgang Bogner, Gasper Zupan, Raul Osorio-Duran, Sarael Alcauter, Ryan Castillo, W. R. Willoughby, Christoph Juchem, Subechhya Pradhan, Caroline E. Robertson, Thomas Lange, Aaron Jacobson, Nenad Polomac, Alan S.R. Fermin, Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, APH - Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Graduate School, AMS - Sports, APH - Mental Health, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Beeldvorming, and MUMC+: DA BV Klinisch Fysicus (9)
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Data Analysis ,In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Databases, Factual ,Multi-site ,Intraclass correlation ,PHASE ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Frequency drift ,Phase (waves) ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Article ,Imaging phantom ,3T ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,GABA ,03 medical and health sciences ,ARTIFACTS ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) ,Humans ,WATER ,BRAIN ,GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID ,Physics ,NAVIGATOR ,Shim (magnetism) ,MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Intensity (physics) ,Press ,Multi-vendor ,Neurology ,Stochastic drift ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Purpose Heating of gradient coils and passive shim components is a common cause of instability in the B0 field, especially when gradient intensive sequences are used. The aim of the study was to set a benchmark for typical drift encountered during MR spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the need for real-time field-frequency locking on MRI scanners by comparing field drift data from a large number of sites. Method A standardized protocol was developed for 80 participating sites using 99 3T MR scanners from 3 major vendors. Phantom water signals were acquired before and after an EPI sequence. The protocol consisted of: minimal preparatory imaging; a short pre-fMRI PRESS; a ten-minute fMRI acquisition; and a long post-fMRI PRESS acquisition. Both pre- and post-fMRI PRESS were non-water suppressed. Real-time frequency stabilization/adjustment was switched off when appropriate. Sixty scanners repeated the protocol for a second dataset. In addition, a three-hour post-fMRI MRS acquisition was performed at one site to observe change of gradient temperature and drift rate. Spectral analysis was performed using MATLAB. Frequency drift in pre-fMRI PRESS data were compared with the first 5:20 minutes and the full 30:00 minutes of data after fMRI. Median (interquartile range) drifts were measured and showed in violin plot. Paired t-tests were performed to compare frequency drift pre- and post-fMRI. A simulated in vivo spectrum was generated using FID-A to visualize the effect of the observed frequency drifts. The simulated spectrum was convolved with the frequency trace for the most extreme cases. Impacts of frequency drifts on NAA and GABA were also simulated as a function of linear drift. Data from the repeated protocol were compared with the corresponding first dataset using Pearson's and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results Of the data collected from 99 scanners, 4 were excluded due to various reasons. Thus, data from 95 scanners were ultimately analyzed. For the first 5:20 min (64 transients), median (interquartile range) drift was 0.44 (1.29) Hz before fMRI and 0.83 (1.29) Hz after. This increased to 3.15 (4.02) Hz for the full 30 min (360 transients) run. Average drift rates were 0.29 Hz/min before fMRI and 0.43 Hz/min after. Paired t-tests indicated that drift increased after fMRI, as expected (p < 0.05). Simulated spectra convolved with the frequency drift showed that the intensity of the NAA singlet was reduced by up to 26%, 44 % and 18% for GE, Philips and Siemens scanners after fMRI, respectively. ICCs indicated good agreement between datasets acquired on separate days. The single site long acquisition showed drift rate was reduced to 0.03 Hz/min approximately three hours after fMRI. Discussion This study analyzed frequency drift data from 95 3T MRI scanners. Median levels of drift were relatively low (5-min average under 1 Hz), but the most extreme cases suffered from higher levels of drift. The extent of drift varied across scanners which both linear and nonlinear drifts were observed.
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- 2021
32. Big GABA II
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Alayar Kangarlu, Jacobus F.A. Jansen, Feng Liu, Helge J. Zöllner, Koen Cuypers, David Yen Ting Chen, Muhammad G. Saleh, Sean Noah, Scott O. Murray, David A. Edmondson, Ralph Noeske, Adam J. Woods, Georg Oeltzschner, Fei Gao, Lars Ersland, Richard A.E. Edden, Ian Greenhouse, Peter B. Barker, Mark Mikkelsen, Joanna R. Long, Chien-Yuan E. Lin, Thomas Lange, Naying He, Yan Li, Peter Truong, Ruoyun Ma, Nicolaas A.J. Puts, Niall W. Duncan, Michael Dacko, R. Marc Lebel, Hans-Jörg Wittsack, Guangbin Wang, Kimberly L. Chan, Celine Maes, Martin Tegenthoff, Pallab K. Bhattacharyya, Kim M. Cecil, Diederick Stoffers, Jy-Kang Liou, Gabriele Ende, Michael D. Noseworthy, Pieter F. Buur, Jiing-Feng Lirng, Alexander R. Craven, Stephan P. Swinnen, Michael-Paul Schallmo, Megan A. Forbes, Marta Moreno-Ortega, Stefanie Heba, Chencheng Zhang, James J. Prisciandaro, Iain D. Wilkinson, Markus Sack, Vadim Zipunnikov, Eric C. Porges, Timothy P.L. Roberts, Ulrike Dydak, Tun-Wei Hsu, Nicholas Simard, Ashley D. Harris, Daniel L. Rimbault, Fuhua Yan, Maiken K. Brix, Napapon Sailasuta, Nigel Hoggard, Hongmin Xu, Signal Processing Systems, MUMC+: DA BV Klinisch Fysicus (9), RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Beeldvorming, Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN)
- Subjects
Male ,In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Metabolite ,Datasets as Topic ,computer.software_genre ,TISSUE SEGMENTATION ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,GABA ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Reference Values ,Voxel ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,Chemistry ,05 social sciences ,Brain ,MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY ,H-1 MRS ,ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,BRAIN IN-VIVO ,Female ,RELAXATION-TIMES ,METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,MRS ,Adolescent ,Volume of interest ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Coefficient of variation ,POSTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX ,Editing ,Article ,050105 experimental psychology ,gamma-Aminobutyric acid ,White matter ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tissue correction ,MEGA-PRESS ,Quantification ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,ABSOLUTE QUANTITATION ,GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID ,Water ,Exploratory analysis ,nervous system ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Accurate and reliable quantification of brain metabolites measured in vivo using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a topic of continued interest. Aside from differences in the basic approach to quantification, the quantification of metabolite data acquired at different sites and on different platforms poses an additional methodological challenge. In this study, spectrally edited γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) MRS data were analyzed and GABA levels were quantified relative to an internal tissue water reference. Data from 284 volunteers scanned across 25 research sites were collected using GABA+ (GABA + co-edited macromolecules (MM)) and MM-suppressed GABA editing. The unsuppressed water signal from the volume of interest was acquired for concentration referencing. Whole-brain T1-weighted structural images were acquired and segmented to determine gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid voxel tissue fractions. Water-referenced GABA measurements were fully corrected for tissue-dependent signal relaxation and water visibility effects. The cohort-wide coefficient of variation was 17% for the GABA + data and 29% for the MM-suppressed GABA data. The mean within-site coefficient of variation was 10% for the GABA + data and 19% for the MM-suppressed GABA data. Vendor differences contributed 53% to the total variance in the GABA + data, while the remaining variance was attributed to site- (11%) and participant-level (36%) effects. For the MM-suppressed data, 54% of the variance was attributed to site differences, while the remaining 46% was attributed to participant differences. Results from an exploratory analysis suggested that the vendor differences were related to the unsuppressed water signal acquisition. Discounting the observed vendor-specific effects, water-referenced GABA measurements exhibit similar levels of variance to creatine-referenced GABA measurements. It is concluded that quantification using internal tissue water referencing is a viable and reliable method for the quantification of in vivo GABA levels. ispartof: NEUROIMAGE vol:191 pages:537-548 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2019
33. Force decline after low and high intensity contractions in persons with multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Deborah Severijns, Koen Cuypers, Peter Feys, Raf Meesen, Inge Zijdewind, and Movement Disorder (MD)
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Nerve stimulation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Contraction (grammar) ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Physiology (medical) ,Maximal strength ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Muscle Strength ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Ulnar nerve ,Electromyography ,business.industry ,High intensity ,Multiple sclerosis ,05 social sciences ,Index finger ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Sensory Systems ,body regions ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Muscle Fatigue ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Muscle Contraction - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Force decline during strong contractions is dominated by changes in the periphery whereas during weaker contraction changes in voluntary activation become more important. We compared force decline and contributing factors in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) during low and high intensity contractions.METHODS: Index finger abduction force, force evoked by electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve at rest (RTw), and during MVCs were investigated in 19 PwMS and 19 controls. Participants performed contractions in sets of six contractions (7 s-on, 3 s-off) at 25% or 80% MVC. After each set, a 5 s-MVC was performed with superimposed nerve stimulation followed by RTw. Contractions were repeated until MVC dropped below 80% of initial MVC.RESULTS: Low compared to high intensity contractions caused a greater decline in voluntary activation and a smaller decline in RTw. Compared to controls, PwMS accomplished equal sets of contractions but showed a smaller decline in RTw. Female PwMS showed poorer voluntary activation. The number of low intensity contractions was associated with sense of fatigue in PwMS.CONCLUSION: Although, no difference in fatigability was observed, the mechanism contributing to force decline differed between PwMS and controls during submaximal contractions.SIGNIFICANCE: During weak contractions, fatigue and fatigability are associated in PwMS.
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- 2019
34. Age-related alterations in the modulation of intracortical inhibition during stopping of actions
- Author
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Lisa Pauwels, Stephan P. Swinnen, Kirstin-Friederike Heise, Celine Maes, Lize Hermans, Koen Cuypers, and Inge Leunissen
- Subjects
Male ,TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION ,NEURAL BASIS ,Aging ,Geriatrics & Gerontology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Neural Inhibition ,Audiology ,Stop signal ,Synaptic Transmission ,GABA ,0302 clinical medicine ,VOLITIONAL INHIBITION ,BRAIN ,Young adult ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX ,05 social sciences ,Motor Cortex ,Middle Aged ,Anticipation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,healthy aging ,EXCITABILITY ,Proactive Inhibition ,Female ,proactive inhibition ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,RESPONSE-INHIBITION ,Research Paper ,Motor cortex ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,050105 experimental psychology ,MECHANISMS ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Aged ,Science & Technology ,Reactive inhibition ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,reactive inhibition ,SIGNAL PARADIGM ,MODEL ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,nervous system ,business ,stop-signal ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
We investigated the effect of age on the ability to modulate GABAA-ergic and GABAB-ergic inhibitory activity during stopping of action (reactive inhibition) and preparation to stop (proactive inhibition). Twenty-five young and twenty-nine older adults performed an anticipated response version of the stop-signal task with varying levels of stop-signal probability. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to left primary motor cortex to assess the modulation of GABAA-mediated short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) during stopping and GABAB-mediated long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) during the anticipation of a stop-signal. At the behavioral level, reactive inhibition was affected by aging as indicated by longer stop-signal reaction times in older compared to young adults. In contrast, proactive inhibition was preserved at older age as both groups slowed down their go response to a similar degree with increasing stop-signal probability. At the neural level, the amount of SICI was higher in successful stop relative to go trials in young but not in older adults. LICI at the start of the trial was modulated as a function of stop-signal probability in both young and older adults. Our results suggest that specifically the recruitment of GABAA-mediated intracortical inhibition during stopping of action is affected by aging. ispartof: Aging-US vol:11 issue:2 pages:371-385 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2019
35. Neurophysiological modulations in the (pre)motor-motor network and the role of GABA+ levels underlying age-related reaction time slowing
- Author
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Oron Levin, Koen Cuypers, Shanti Van Malderen, Stefanie Verstraelen, Raf Meesen, Celine Maes, Mark Mikkelsen, Melina Hehl, and Stephan P. Swinnen
- Subjects
General Neuroscience ,Biophysics ,transcranial electrical stimulation ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Neurophysiology ,Motor network ,Age related ,dose control ,magnetic resonance current density imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,personalized electric field calculation ,RC321-571 - Abstract
in the brain from MR-measurements of the current-induced magnetic field B z. Aim: We test the performance of a standard reconstruction algorithm ("projected current density algorithm", PCD, Jeong et al. 2014) for human brain data. We compare it with current flow simulations using personal-ized head models. Methods: 1. We generated ground-truth data for the TES current flow and Bz-field using a detailed head model and SimNIBS (www.simnibs.org). We applied the PCD algorithm to the B z-field and quantified the reconstruction performance by comparison with the ground-truth current flow. We additionally compared the PCD results with simulations using a simple head model ("3c" with scalp, bone and a homogeneous intracranial compartment). 2. We reconstructed the current flow from in-vivo MRCDI data (G€ oksu et al, 2018) with the PCD algorithm. We also used head models of different complexities ("3c" and "4c": scalp, skull, CSF & brain) and optimized their conductivities to minimize the root-mean-square difference between the measured and simulated B z. Results: 1. For simulated B z data, the PCD algorithm only coarsely reconstructed the true current flow. Even the simple head model performed better. 2. For measured B z data, current flows obtained with personalized head models and fitted conductivities explained the measurements better than the current flow reconstructed with the PCD algorithm. This was already the case for the simple head model (3c). The more detailed model (4c) resulted in further statistically significant improvements. However, for all models, the unexplained variance stayed above the noise floor, indicating remaining differences to unknown true current flow. Conclusions: The PCD algorithm has low accuracy for MRCDI data of the brain. However, MRCDI is useful for evaluations and improvements of current flow simulations with anatomically detailed personalized head models.
- Published
- 2021
36. Probing intrahemispheric PMd – M1 interactions with a novel dual-site TMS setup
- Author
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Koen Cuypers, Stephan P. Swinnen, and Melina Hehl
- Subjects
Physics ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Biophysics ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,intrahemispheric ,Dual site ,TMS ,premotor cortex ,connectivity ,Optoelectronics ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The net output of the primary motor cortex (M1) is shaped by several (non-)motor brain regions including the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) which is playing an important role in sensorimotor integration, response selection, bimanual motor control, and motor learning. Previous dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS) setups mainly investigated the interhemispheric PMd – M1 interactions, as testing the intrahemispheric PMd – M1 interactions yield technical difficulties due to the vicinity of both regions. A novel dsTMS setup was used in a sample of 23 young healthy right-handed adults to probe intrahemispheric left PMd – M1 interactions at rest. Biphasic stimuli were applied to M1 to elicit an MEP of at least 1 mV peak-to-peak amplitude (testing stimulus, TS) in the resting first dorsal interosseus (FDI). The conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied ∼2 cm anterior to M1 at an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 6 ms and an intensity of 75% of the resting motor threshold (rMT). To physiologically test this setup, short-interval intra-cortical inhibition (SICI) was measured with the same coil arrangement, using two coils targeted at M1 (ISI = 3 ms, CS intensity = 75% rMT, TS intensity = 1 mV). First, SICI could robustly be elicited using the novel coil setup. Second, conditioning left PMd lead to a robust modulation of left M1 output when using a CS intensity of 75% rMT. This interaction was mostly found to be inhibitory. However, in some subjects (∼15%) a facilitatory PMd – M1 interaction was seen. This novel coil setup opens new opportunities to measure intrahemispheric PMd – M1 interactions at rest and in different task-related contexts without facing technical difficulties such as large stimulation distances due to coil size or coil heating (particularly in small coils).
- Published
- 2021
37. Neurometabolic Correlates of Reactive and Proactive Motor Inhibition in Young and Older Adults: Evidence from Multiple Regional
- Author
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Akila, Weerasekera, Oron, Levin, Amanda, Clauwaert, Kirstin-Friederike, Heise, Lize, Hermans, Ronald, Peeters, Dante, Mantini, Koen, Cuypers, Inge, Leunissen, Uwe, Himmelreich, and Stephan P, Swinnen
- Subjects
myo-inositol ,N-acetylaspartate ,prefrontal-striatal pathways ,aging ,Original Article ,glutamate - Abstract
Suboptimal inhibitory control is a major factor contributing to motor/cognitive deficits in older age and pathology. Here, we provide novel insights into the neurochemical biomarkers of inhibitory control in healthy young and older adults and highlight putative neurometabolic correlates of deficient inhibitory functions in normal aging. Age-related alterations in levels of glutamate–glutamine complex (Glx), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mIns) were assessed in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), bilateral sensorimotor cortex (SM1), bilateral striatum (STR), and occipital cortex (OCC) with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Data were collected from 30 young (age range 18–34 years) and 29 older (age range 60–74 years) adults. Associations between age-related changes in the levels of these metabolites and performance measures or reactive/proactive inhibition were examined for each age group. Glx levels in the right striatum and preSMA were associated with more efficient proactive inhibition in young adults but were not predictive for reactive inhibition performance. Higher NAA/mIns ratios in the preSMA and RIFG and lower mIns levels in the OCC were associated with better deployment of proactive and reactive inhibition in older adults. Overall, these findings suggest that altered regional concentrations of NAA and mIns constitute potential biomarkers of suboptimal inhibitory control in aging.
- Published
- 2020
38. Induced Suppression of the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Favorably Changes Interhemispheric Communication During Bimanual Coordination in Older Adults–A Neuronavigated rTMS Study
- Author
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Koen Cuypers, Kim van Dun, Oron Levin, Stefanie Verstraelen, Raf Meesen, Hakuei Fujiyama, Stephan P. Swinnen, Julie Duque, and UCL - SSS/IONS/COSY - Systems & cognitive Neuroscience
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Audiology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age groups ,mental disorders ,medicine ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,bimanual coordination ,Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Original Research ,interhemispheric interaction ,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,business.industry ,aging ,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Improved performance ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Younger adults ,Disinhibition ,Primary motor cortex ,medicine.symptom ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Recent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research indicated that the ability of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to disinhibit the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) during motor preparation is an important predictor for bimanual motor performance in both young and older healthy adults. However, this DLPFC-M1 disinhibition is reduced in older adults. Here, we transiently suppressed left DLPFC using repetitive TMS (rTMS) during a cyclical bimanual task and investigated the effect of left DLPFC suppression: (1) on the projection from left DLPFC to the contralateral M1; and (2) on motor performance in 21 young (mean age ± SD = 21.57 ± 1.83) and 20 older (mean age ± SD = 69.05 ± 4.48) healthy adults. As predicted, without rTMS, older adults showed compromised DLPFC-M1 disinhibition as compared to younger adults and less preparatory DLPFC-M1 disinhibition was related to less accurate performance, irrespective of age. Notably, rTMS-induced DLPFC suppression restored DLPFC-M1 disinhibition in older adults and improved performance accuracy right after the local suppression in both age groups. However, the rTMS-induced gain in disinhibition was not correlated with the gain in performance. In sum, this novel rTMS approach advanced our mechanistic understanding of how left DLPFC regulates right M1 and allowed us to establish the causal role of left DLPFC in bimanual coordination. FUNDING This work was supported by the Hercules fund AUHL/11/01 (R-3987) awarded to RM, the Internal Research Fund KU Leuven (C16/15/070), the Research Foundation Flanders (Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; FWO) grant (G089818N) and Excellence of Science grant (EOS 30446199, MEMODYN) awarded to SS and colleagues. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are thankful to R. Clerckx for his support in programming the bimanual tracking task and for his help in preprocessing the acquired task data. We additionally thank E. Ghasemian Shivran and several master students of KU Leuven and UHasselt who assisted with data collection. Helpful comments on the latest version of the manuscript were given by S. Depestele.
- Published
- 2020
39. Comparison of Multivendor Single-Voxel MR Spectroscopy Data Acquired in Healthy Brain at 26 Sites
- Author
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Hongmin Xu, Thomas Lange, Michal Považan, Peter B. Barker, Muhammad G. Saleh, Scott O. Murray, Koen Cuypers, Chencheng Zhang, Fuhua Yan, Lars Ersland, Ian Greenhouse, Martin Tegenthoff, Alayar Kangarlu, Kim M. Cecil, Yan Li, Pallab K. Bhattacharyya, Nigel Hoggard, Adam J. Woods, Feng Liu, Nicolaas A.J. Puts, Chien Yuan E. Lin, Helge J. Zöllner, Niall W. Duncan, Ruoyun Ma, Hans Jörg Wittsack, Vadim Zipunnikov, Michael Dacko, Guangbin Wang, Eric C. Porges, Michael-Paul Schallmo, R. Marc Lebel, Marta Moreno-Ortega, David Yen Ting Chen, Joanna R. Long, Megan A. Forbes, Kimberly L. Chan, Georg Oeltzschner, Richard A.E. Edden, Adam Berrington, Sean Noah, Maiken K. Brix, Napapon Sailasuta, Mark Mikkelsen, Stefanie Heba, Stephan P. Swinnen, David A. Edmondson, Diederick Stoffers, Naying He, Ralph Noeske, Jacobus F.A. Jansen, Fei Gao, Peter Truong, Michael D. Noseworthy, Pieter F. Buur, Alexander R. Craven, Jy Kang Liou, Tun Wei Hsu, Celine Maes, Gabriele Ende, James J. Prisciandaro, Nicholas Simard, Markus Sack, Ashley D. Harris, Timothy P.L. Roberts, Ulrike Dydak, Jiing Feng Lirng, Iain D. Wilkinson, Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Beeldvorming, and MUMC+: DA BV Klinisch Fysicus (9)
- Subjects
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Adult ,Male ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Single voxel ,SHORT-ECHO ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,3 T ,Prospective Studies ,COMBINATION ,Original Research ,Science & Technology ,Extramural ,business.industry ,METABOLITE QUANTIFICATION ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging ,Commerce ,Brain ,Mean age ,Data set ,Multicenter study ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY ,Female ,Parametric bootstrapping ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
Background The hardware and software differences between MR vendors and individual sites influence the quantification of MR spectroscopy data. An analysis of a large data set may help to better understand sources of the total variance in quantified metabolite levels. Purpose To compare multisite quantitative brain MR spectroscopy data acquired in healthy participants at 26 sites by using the vendor-supplied single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence. Materials and Methods An MR spectroscopy protocol to acquire short-echo-time PRESS data from the midparietal region of the brain was disseminated to 26 research sites operating 3.0-T MR scanners from three different vendors. In this prospective study, healthy participants were scanned between July 2016 and December 2017. Data were analyzed by using software with simulated basis sets customized for each vendor implementation. The proportion of total variance attributed to vendor-, site-, and participant-related effects was estimated by using a linear mixed-effects model. P values were derived through parametric bootstrapping of the linear mixed-effects models (denoted Pboot). Results In total, 296 participants (mean age, 26 years ± 4.6; 155 women and 141 men) were scanned. Good-quality data were recorded from all sites, as evidenced by a consistent linewidth of N-acetylaspartate (range, 4.4-5.0 Hz), signal-to-noise ratio (range, 174-289), and low Cramér-Rao lower bounds (≤5%) for all of the major metabolites. Among the major metabolites, no vendor effects were found for levels of myo-inositol (Pboot > .90), N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (Pboot = .13), or glutamate and glutamine (Pboot = .11). Among the smaller resonances, no vendor effects were found for ascorbate (Pboot = .08), aspartate (Pboot > .90), glutathione (Pboot > .90), or lactate (Pboot = .28). Conclusion Multisite multivendor single-voxel MR spectroscopy studies performed at 3.0 T can yield results that are coherent across vendors, provided that vendor differences in pulse sequence implementation are accounted for in data analysis. However, the site-related effects on variability were more profound and suggest the need for further standardization of spectroscopic protocols. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. ispartof: RADIOLOGY vol:295 issue:1 pages:171-180 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2020
40. Reduced Modulation of Task-Related Connectivity Mediates Age-Related Declines in Bimanual Performance
- Author
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Thiago Santos Monteiro, Koen Cuypers, Stephan P. Swinnen, Brad King, Hamed Zivari Adab, Sima Chalavi, Jolien Gooijers, Dante Mantini, Gooijers, Jolien/0000-0002-7569-7223, King, Bradley/0000-0002-3010-8755, and Santos Monteiro, Thiago/0000-0002-3656-9747
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Brain activity and meditation ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Biology ,Task (project management) ,Functional networks ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Age related ,Neural Pathways ,Modulation (music) ,Humans ,bimanual coordination ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Brain Mapping ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,Functional connectivity ,aging ,functional connectivity ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Homogeneous ,Female ,Neuroscience ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
Aging is accompanied by marked changes in motor behavior and its neural correlates. At the behavioral level, age-related declines in motor performance manifest, for example, as a reduced capacity to inhibit interference between hands during bimanual movements, particularly when task complexity increases. At the neural level, aging is associated with reduced differentiation between distinct functional systems. Functional connectivity (FC) dedifferentiation is characterized by more homogeneous connectivity patterns across various tasks or task conditions, reflecting a reduced ability of the aging adult to modulate brain activity according to changing task demands. It is currently unknown, however, how whole-brain dedifferentiation interacts with increasing task complexity. In the present study, we investigated age- and task-related FC in a group of 96 human adults across a wide age range (19.9-74.5 years of age) during the performance of a bimanual coordination task of varying complexity. Our findings indicated stronger task complexity-related differentiation between visuomotor- and nonvisuomotor-related networks, though modulation capability decreased with increasing age. Decreased FC modulation mediated larger complexity-related increases in between-hand interference, reflective of worse bimanual coordination. Thus, the ability to maintain high motor performance levels in older adults is related to the capability to properly segregate and modulate functional networks. Research Foundation Flanders (G089818 N); Excellence of Science grant (EOS, 30446199, MEMODYN); KU Leuven Research Fund (C16/15/070). Monteiro, TS (corresponding author), Res Ctr Movement Control & Neuroplast, Grp Biomed Sci, Tervuursevest 101 Box 1501, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. thiago.santosmonteiro@kuleuven.be
- Published
- 2020
41. Preserved imitation in contrast to limited free application of comfortable hand actions in intellectually able young adults with an autism spectrum disorder
- Author
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Koen Cuypers, Marijke A. K. A. Braeken, Ellen M.M. Jongen, Raf Meesen, Caroline Beelen, Marleen Vanvuchelen, Lise Van Schuerbeeck, and Veerle Ross
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Intellectual development ,media_common.quotation_subject ,emulation ,autism spectrum disorder ,Motor Activity ,end-state comfort principle ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,action planning ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Young adult ,media_common ,Psychomotor learning ,means-end imitation ,MOTOR ABILITIES ,05 social sciences ,Neuropsychology ,Contrast (music) ,HIGH-FUNCTIONING AUTISM ,PERFORMANCE ,Hand ,medicine.disease ,Imitative Behavior ,INDIVIDUALS ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Case-Control Studies ,Autism ,young adult ,Female ,Psychology ,Imitation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Imitation problems are commonly reported in children with an autism spectrum disorder. However, it has not yet been determined whether imitation problems persist into young adulthood. In this study, we investigated imitation skills of 20 intellectually able young adults with autism spectrum disorder relative to 19 age-matched neurotypical adults. For this purpose, we used a bar-transport task, which evokes the application of the end-state comfort principle. Specifically, we examined whether young adults with autism spectrum disorder imitated the means-end structure of a demonstrator’s bar-transport action with and without application of the end-state comfort principle (imitation task). In addition, we examined whether participants spontaneously applied the end-state comfort principle during a similar bar-transport task (free execution task). Results revealed that young adults with autism spectrum disorder imitated the means-end structure of observed actions to the same degree as neurotypical adults ( p = 0.428). In contrast, they applied the end-state comfort principle less often during free executed actions ( p = 0.035). Moreover, during these actions, they were slower to place the bar into the penholder ( p = 0.023), which contributed to the reduced efficiency of their performance. Findings suggest that imitation abilities of young adults with autism spectrum disorder are preserved and that observing others’ actions might promote more efficient action planning in this population.
- Published
- 2018
42. tDCS-Enhanced Consolidation of Writing Skills and Its Associations With Cortical Excitability in Parkinson Disease: A Pilot Study
- Author
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Evelien Nackaerts, Alice Nieuwboer, Geert Verheyden, Raf Meesen, Koen Cuypers, and Sanne Broeder
- Subjects
Male ,Handwriting ,030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,education ,Pilot Projects ,Stimulation ,Disease ,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Humans ,Medicine ,Motor skill ,Aged ,Memory Consolidation ,Cross-Over Studies ,Transcranial direct-current stimulation ,business.industry ,Motor Cortex ,Parkinson Disease ,General Medicine ,cortical excitability ,Middle Aged ,Evoked Potentials, Motor ,Crossover study ,Parkinson disease ,Motor task ,Writing skills ,Motor Skills ,Cortical Excitability ,Female ,transcranial direct current stimulation ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Motor learning ,motor learning ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,handwriting - Abstract
Background. Learning processes of writing skills involve the re-engagement of previously established motor programs affected by Parkinson disease (PD). To counteract the known problems with consolidation in PD, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could be imperative to achieve a lasting regeneration of habitual motor skills. Objective. To examine tDCS-enhanced learning of writing and explore alterations in cortical excitability after stimulation in PD compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods. Ten patients and 10 HCs received 2 training sessions combined with 20 minutes of 1-mA anodal tDCS or sham on the left primary motor cortex in a randomized crossover design. Writing skills on a tablet and paper were assessed at baseline, after training, and after 1 week of follow-up. Before and immediately after the intervention, cortical excitability and inhibition were measured during rest and activity. Results. Writing amplitude and velocity improved when practice was tDCS supplemented compared with sham in PD. Benefits were sustained at retention for trained and untrained tasks on the tablet as well as for writing on paper. No improvements were found for HCs. Reduced resting motor thresholds after tDCS indicated tDCS-enhanced cortical excitability. Additionally, increments in motor-evoked potential amplitudes correlated with improved writing in PD, whereas HCs showed the opposite pattern. Conclusion. Our results endorse the usefulness of tDCS-boosted learning in PD, at least when applied to improving writing capacity. Although further confirmatory studies are needed, these novel findings are striking because tDCS-mediated consolidation was found for learning a motor task directly affected by PD. ispartof: NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR vol:33 issue:12 pages:1050-1060 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2019
43. Age‐related differences in GABA levels are driven by bulk tissue changes
- Author
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Koen Cuypers, Celine Maes, Stefan Sunaert, Oron Levin, Dante Mantini, Richard A.E. Edden, Stephan P. Swinnen, Ronald Peeters, Lisa Pauwels, Sima Chalavi, Inge Leunissen, Nicolaas A.J. Puts, and Lize Hermans
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Correction method ,Adolescent ,Biology ,computer.software_genre ,gamma-Aminobutyric acid ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Voxel ,Internal medicine ,Age related ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Gray Matter ,Young adult ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,Research Articles ,Aged ,Cerebrospinal Fluid ,Brain Chemistry ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Middle Aged ,Inhibitory neurotransmitter ,White Matter ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Tissue composition ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Levels of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, can be regionally quantified using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Although GABA is crucial for efficient neuronal functioning, little is known about age‐related differences in GABA levels and their relationship with age‐related changes in brain structure. Here, we investigated the effect of age on GABA levels within the left sensorimotor cortex and the occipital cortex in a sample of 85 young and 85 older adults using the MEGA‐PRESS sequence. Because the distribution of GABA varies across different brain tissues, various correction methods are available to account for this variation. Considering that these correction methods are highly dependent on the tissue composition of the voxel of interest, we examined differences in voxel composition between age groups and the impact of these various correction methods on the identification of age‐related differences in GABA levels. Results indicated that, within both voxels of interest, older (as compared to young adults) exhibited smaller gray matter fraction accompanied by larger fraction of cerebrospinal fluid. Whereas uncorrected GABA levels were significantly lower in older as compared to young adults, this age effect was absent when GABA levels were corrected for voxel composition. These results suggest that age‐related differences in GABA levels are at least partly driven by the age‐related gray matter loss. However, as alterations in GABA levels might be region‐specific, further research should clarify to what extent gray matter changes may account for age‐related differences in GABA levels within other brain regions.
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- 2018
44. Neurophysiological modulations in the (pre)motor-motor network underlying age-related increases in reaction time and the role of GABA levels – a bimodal TMS-MRS study
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Oron Levin, Raf Meesen, Celine Maes, Koen Cuypers, Stefanie Verstraelen, Shanti Van Malderen, Stephan P. Swinnen, Melina Hehl, Mark Mikkelsen, and Meesen
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Adult ,Male ,Aging ,MRS ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Interhemispheric Interaction ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,choice reaction time ,Article ,Functional Laterality ,Premotor cortex ,GABA ,Young Adult ,Neurochemical ,Reaction Time ,Medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Interhemispheric interaction ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,Aged ,business.industry ,Motor Cortex ,Neural Inhibition ,Neurophysiology ,Middle Aged ,Evoked Potentials, Motor ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Disinhibition ,TMS ,GABAergic ,Female ,Sensorimotor Cortex ,medicine.symptom ,Primary motor cortex ,business ,Neuroscience ,RC321-571 - Abstract
It has been argued that age-related changes in the neurochemical and neurophysiological properties of the GABAergic system may underlie increases in reaction time (RT) in older adults. However, the role of GABA levels within the sensorimotor cortices (SMC) in mediating interhemispheric interactions (IHi) during the processing stage of a fast motor response, as well as how both properties explain interindividual differences in RT, are not yet fully understood. In this study, edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was combined with dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS) for probing GABA+ levels in bilateral SMC and task-related neurophysiological modulations in corticospinal excitability (CSE), and primary motor cortex (M1)-M1 and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd)-M1 IHi, respectively. Both CSE and IHi were assessed during the preparatory and premotor period of a delayed choice RT task. Data were collected from 25 young (aged 18-33 years) and 28 older (aged 60-74 years) healthy adults. Our results demonstrated that older as compared to younger adults exhibited a reduced bilateral CSE suppression, as well as a reduced magnitude of long latency M1-M1 and PMd-M1 disinhibition during the preparatory period, irrespective of the direction of the IHi. Importantly, in older adults, the GABA+ levels in bilateral SMC partially accounted for task-related neurophysiological modulations as well as individual differences in RT. In contrast, in young adults, neither task-related neurophysiological modulations, nor individual differences in RT were associated with SMC GABA+ levels. In conclusion, this study contributes to a comprehensive initial understanding of how age-related differences in neurochemical properties and neurophysiological processes are related to increases in RT. ispartof: NEUROIMAGE vol:243 ispartof: location:United States status: published
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- 2021
45. Sensorimotor cortex neurometabolite levels as correlate of motor performance in normal aging: evidence from a
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Oron, Levin, Akila, Weerasekera, Bradley R, King, Kirstin F, Heise, Diana M, Sima, Sima, Chalavi, Celine, Maes, Ronald, Peeters, Stefan, Sunaert, Koen, Cuypers, Sabine, Van Huffel, Dante, Mantini, Uwe, Himmelreich, and Stephan P, Swinnen
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Adult ,Male ,Aging ,Young Adult ,Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Humans ,Female ,Sensorimotor Cortex ,Middle Aged ,Motor Activity ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Aged - Abstract
Aging is associated with gradual alterations in the neurochemical characteristics of the brain, which can be assessed in-vivo with proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
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- 2019
46. Age-related changes in TMS-based gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulation during a unimanual simple and choice reaction time task
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Koen Cuypers, Stephan P. Swinnen, and Melina Hehl
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Choice reaction time ,Chemistry ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,Age related ,General Neuroscience ,Modulation (music) ,medicine ,Neuroscience ,gamma-Aminobutyric acid ,medicine.drug ,Task (project management) - Published
- 2019
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47. Causal involvement of DLPFC during bimanual coordination in older adults - an rTMS study
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Stefanie Verstraelen, Koen Cuypers, Kim van Dun, Hakuei Fujiyama, Siel Depestele, Julie Duque, Raf Meesen, Oron Levin, Stephan P. Swinnen, VERSTRAELEN, Stefanie, CUYPERS, Koen, Duque, Julie, DEPESTELE, Siel, VAN DUN, Kim, Fujiyama, Hakuei, Levin, Oron, Swinnen, Stephan P., and MEESEN, Raf
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business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Aging ,bimanual coordination ,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) ,Interhemispheric interaction ,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,mental disorders ,medicine ,business ,human activities ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the regulation of bimanual coordination appears to become crucial with aging. Age-related changes in the involvement of the DLPFC in bimanual coordination were studied by using disruptive repetitive TMS (rTMS), inducing a transient lesion in this brain structure. Neurophysiological as well as behavioral effects of suppressing DLPFC during the preparation and execution of a bimanual task were studied in 41 healthy adults (young and old). Specifically, we combined short-train rTMS with single pulse TMS to examine the effect of DLPFC suppression on the interhemispheric projection to the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) during motor preparation. Findings revealed that compromised interhemispheric DLPFC-M1 disinhibition during motor preparation in older adults resulted in less accurate bimanual performance. The altered DLPFC-M1 interaction in older adults appeared to result from a decline in local inhibitory mechanisms in the DLPFC. In addition, the induction of DLPFC suppression affected task accuracy, but not movement stability in both age groups. Taken together, these results suggest that DLPFC acts as a key regulator in the control of bimanual movement coordination.
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- 2019
48. Are age-related changes in cortical motor representations linked with facilitation/inhibition in the primary motor cortex?
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Koen Cuypers, Melina Hehl, and Stephan P. Swinnen
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business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Age related ,Facilitation ,Medicine ,Primary motor cortex ,business ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2019
49. Age-related declines in motor performance are associated with decreased segregation of large-scale resting state brain networks
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Dante Mantini, Kirstin Heise, Stephan P. Swinnen, Oron Levin, Inge Leunissen, T Santos Monteiro, Koen Cuypers, P van Ruitenbeek, Bradley R. King, Geneviève Albouy, Lize Hermans, RS: FPN NPPP II, Section Psychopharmacology, and Section Forensic Psychology
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Adult ,Male ,CORTEX ,COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE ,DEFAULT ,Biology ,Cognitive neuroscience ,bimanual ,Brain mapping ,050105 experimental psychology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,SYSTEMS ,Age related ,Neural Pathways ,Humans ,Aging brain ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,OLDER-ADULTS ,resting state ,Aged ,Brain Mapping ,Resting state fMRI ,Functional connectivity ,05 social sciences ,aging ,functional connectivity ,Brain ,Original Articles ,AGING BRAIN ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,motor performance ,TASK ,Female ,Functional organization ,Neuroscience ,INTEGRATION ,Psychomotor Performance ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Aging is typically associated with substantial declines in motor functioning as well as robust changes in the functional organization of brain networks. Previous research has investigated the link between these 2 age-varying factors but examinations were predominantly limited to the functional organization within motor-related brain networks. Little is known about the relationship between age-related behavioral impairments and changes in functional organization at the whole brain (i.e., multiple network) level. This knowledge gap is surprising given that the decreased segregation of brain networks (i.e., increased internetwork connectivity) can be considered a hallmark of the aging process. Accordingly, we investigated the association between declines in motor performance across the adult lifespan (20-75 years) and age-related modulations of functional connectivity within and between resting state networks. Results indicated that stronger internetwork resting state connectivity observed as a function of age was significantly related to worse motor performance. Moreover, performance had a significantly stronger association with the strength of internetwork as compared with intranetwork connectivity, including connectivity within motor networks. These findings suggest that age-related declines in motor performance may be attributed to a breakdown in the functional organization of large-scale brain networks rather than simply age-related connectivity changes within motor-related networks.
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- 2018
50. Alterations in brain white matter contributing to age-related slowing of task switching performance: The role of radial diffusivity and magnetization transfer ratio
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Elena Solesio-Jofre, Peter van Ruitenbeek, Inge Leunissen, Lisa Pauwels, Alexanders Leemans, Raf Meesen, Stefan Sunaert, Karen Caeyenberghs, Koen Cuypers, Leen Serbruyns, Monique Geurts, and Stephan P. Swinnen
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Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Radial diffusivity ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Developmental psychology ,Clinical neurology ,Management ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurology ,Brain White Matter ,Age related ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Magnetization transfer imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Contract grant sponsor: Research Fund of KU Leuven, Belgium; Contract grant number: OT/11/071; Contract grant sponsor: Flanders Fund for Scientific Research; Contract grant numbers: G0721.12 and G0708.14; Contract grant sponsor: Inter-university Attraction Poles Program of the Belgian Federal Government; Contract grant number: Grant P7/11; Contract grant sponsor: Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO); Contract grant sponsor: VIDI Grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); Contract grant number: 639.072.411.
- Published
- 2016
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