144 results on '"Koelkebeck, K"'
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2. Psychiatry training in 42 European countries: A comparative analysis
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Baessler, F. Zafar, A. Gargot, T. da Costa, M.P. Biskup, E.M. De Picker, L. Koelkebeck, K. Riese, F. Ryland, H. Kazakova, O. Birkle, S. Kanellopoulos, T. Grassl, R. Braicu, A. Schultz, J.-H. Casanova Dias, M.
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education - Abstract
Psychiatry qualifications are automatically recognized among European Union (EU) countries despite differences in national training programs. A widening gap between the number of psychiatrists, their competencies and the growing burden of mental illnesses in Europe has renewed calls for international standardization of training. Comprehensive information about training programs is missing, which limits thorough comparisons and undermines development of an actionable strategy to improve and harmonize psychiatry training. This study describes and compares the existing postgraduate psychiatry programs in 42 countries in the European region. Representatives of national psychiatry associations completed a semi-structured, 58-item questionnaire. Training structure and working conditions of each country were compared with population needs calculated by the World Health Organization to determine the European mean and contrasted among pre-2004 and post-2004 EU members and countries with unrecognized qualifications. Differences were tested with nonparametric (Wilcoxon) and parametric (Anova) tests. Median training duration was 60 months, significantly shorter in countries with unrecognized qualifications (48 months, χ²16.5, p < 0.001). In 80% of the countries, placement in a non-psychiatric specialty such as neurology or internal medicine was mandatory. Only 17 countries (40%) stipulated a one-month rotation in substance abuse and 11 (26%) in old-age psychiatry. The overall deficit of training versus population need was 22% for substance abuse and 15% for old-age psychiatry. Salaries were significantly higher in pre-2004 EU members (χ²22.9, p < 0.001) with the highest in Switzerland (€5,000). Significant variations in curricula, training structure and salaries exist in Europe. Harmonization of training standards could offer significant benefits for improving mental healthcare. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP
- Published
- 2021
3. Air temperature, carbon dioxide, and ammonia assessment inside a commercial cage layer barn with manure-drying tunnels
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Zheng, W, Xiong, Y, Gates, R S, Koelkebeck, K W, Zheng, W, Xiong, Y, Gates, R S, and Koelkebeck, K W
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Understanding the air temperature distribution, ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in poultry housing systems are crucial to poultry health, welfare, and productivity. In this study, 4 Intelligent Portable Monitoring Units and 7 temperature sensors were installed inside and between the cages and above 2 minimum ventilation fans of a commercial stacked-deck cage laying hen house in the Midwest United States (425,000 laying hens) to continuously monitor the interior environment over a 6-month period. During cold conditions (March 12th–May 22nd), there was a variation noted, with barn center temperatures consistently being highest in the longitudinal and lateral direction (P<0.001) and the top floor deck warmer than the bottom floor (P<0.05). During hotter conditions (May 23rd–July 26th), the interior thermal environment was more uniform than during the winter, resulting in a difference only in the longitudinal direction. The daily CO2 and NH3 concentrations were 400 to 4,981 ppm and 0 to 42.3 ppm among the 4 sampling locations, respectively. Both CO2 and NH3 decreased linearly with increasing outside temperatures. The mean NH3 and CO2 concentrations varied with sampling locations and with the outside temperatures (P<0.001). For CO2, the minimum ventilation sidewall had lower values than those measured in the barn’s center (P<0.05) during cold weather, while the barn center and the manure room sidewall consistently measured the highest concentrations during warmer weather (P<0.05). For NH3, the tunnel ventilation inlet end consistently had the lowest daily concentrations, whereas the in-cage and manure drying tunnel sidewall locations measured the highest concentrations (P<0.001). Higher NH3 and CO2 concentrations were recorded within the cage than in the cage aisle (P<0.05). The highest NH3 concentration of 42 ppm was recorded above the minimum exhaust fan adjacent to the manure drying tunnel, which indicated that higher pressure (back pressure) in the manu
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- 2020
4. What do the teachers want? A targeted needs assessment survey for prospective didactic training of psychiatry medical educators
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Baessler, Franziska, Zafar, Ali, Koelkebeck, Katja, Frodl, Thomas, Signerski-Krieger, Jörg, Pinilla, Severin, Barth, Gottfried M., Jannowitz, Deborah, Speerforck, Sven, Roesch-Ely, Daniela, Kluge, Ina, Aust, Miriam, Utz, Janine, Kersten, Gian-Marco, and Spitzer, Philipp
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medical education ,didactics ,medical teaching ,medical curriculum ,train the trainers ,psychiatry ,psychiatric education ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine - Abstract
Objectives: Physicians and psychologists at psychiatric university hospitals are assigned teaching tasks from the first day of work without necessarily having the prerequisite training in teaching methods. This exploratory survey provides a needs-based analysis for the prospective didactic training of physicians and psychologists at psychiatric hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed at medical schools via email in German-speaking countries in Europe. All physicians involved in teaching medical students at psychiatry faculties were eligible to participate in the survey. Participants were further requested to recruit eligible participants (snowball sampling). Responses were analyzed descriptively, and differences between groups were calculated using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests (p
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- 2024
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5. Findings of the react (research in early career psychiatrists and trainees) study
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Naughton, S, Asztalos, M, da Costa, M, Jovanovic, N, Kazakova, O, Riese, F, Andlauer, O, Pantovic, M, Szczegielniak, A R, Koelkebeck, K, and Grp, EFPT Res Working
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- 2019
6. Embryopathic and embryocidal effects of purified fumonisin B1 orFusarium proliferatum culture material extract on chicken embryos
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Javed, T., Richard, J. L., Bennett, G. A., Dombrink-Kurtzman, M. A., Bunte, R. M., Koelkebeck, K. W., Côté, L. M., Leeper, R. W., and Buck, W. B.
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- 1993
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7. Effects of carbon dioxide on turkey poult performance and behavior
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Candido, M G.L, Xiong, Y, Gates, R S, Tinoco, I F.F., Koelkebeck, K W, Candido, M G.L, Xiong, Y, Gates, R S, Tinoco, I F.F., and Koelkebeck, K W
- Abstract
Appropriate ventilation of poultry facilities is critical for achieving optimum performance. Ventilation promotes good air exchange to remove harmful gases, excessive heat, moisture, and particulate matter. In a turkey brooder barn, carbon dioxide (CO2) may be present at higher levels during the winter due to reduced ventilation rates to maintain high temperatures. This higher CO2 may negatively affect turkey poult performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of subjecting tom turkey poults (commercial Large White Hybrid Converters) to different constant levels of atmospheric CO2 on their growth performance and behavior. In three consecutive replicate trials, a total of 552 poults were weighed post-hatch and randomly placed in 3 environmental control chambers, with 60 (Trial 1) and 62 (Trials 2 and 3) poults housed per chamber. They were reared with standard temperature and humidity levels for 3 wks. The poults were exposed to 3 different fixed CO2 concentrations of 2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 ppm throughout each trial. Following each trial (replicate), the CO2 treatments were switched and assigned to a different chamber in order to expose each treatment to each chamber. At the end of each trial, all poults were sent to a local turkey producer to finish grow out. For each trial, individual body weight and group feed intake were measured, and mortality and behavioral movement were recorded. Wk 3 and cumulative body weight gain of poults housed at 2,000 ppm CO2 was greater (P < 0.05) than those exposed to 4,000 and 6,000 ppm CO2. Feed intake and feed conversion were unaffected by the different CO2 concentrations. No significant difference in poult mortality was found between treatments. In addition, no effect of CO2 treatments was evident in the incidence of spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy for turkeys processed at 19 wk of age. Poults housed at the lower CO2 level (2,000 ppm) demonstrated reduced movement compared with those exposed to
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- 2017
8. Summary of the 1st Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference oral sessions, Venice, Italy, June 21-25, 2008: The rapporteur reports (vol 105, pg 289, 2008)
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Abubaker, R, Alaerts, M, Allman, A, Barnett, J, Belujon, P, Bittner, R, Burne, T, Cahn, W, Chance, S, Cherkerzian, S, deSouza, R, Di Forti, M, du Bois, T, Fatjo-Vilas, M, Green, M, Halperin, D, John, J, Kemp, A, Koelkebeck, K, Lee, J, Lodge, D, Michalopoulou, P, Mompremier, L, Nelson, B, and Perala, J
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- 2016
9. Psychotherapeutic interventions in consultation-liaison psychiatry implications for psychiatric trainees
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Koelkebeck, K., primary
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- 2016
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10. Summary of the 1st Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference oral sessions, Venice, Italy, June 21-25, 2008: The rapporteur reports (vol 105, pg 289, 2008)
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Abubaker, R, Alaerts, M, Allman, A-A, Barnett, J, Belujon, P, Bittner, RA, Burne, THJ, Cahn, W, Chance, S, Cherkerzian, S, deSouza, R, Di Forti, M, du Bois, T, Fatjo-Vilas, M, Green, M, Halperin, D, John, JP, Kemp, A, Koelkebeck, K, Lee, J, Lodge, DJ, Michalopoulou, P, Mompremier, L, Nelson, B, Perala, J, Rotarska-Jagiela, A, Schoeman, R, Thakkar, KN, Valuri, G, Varambally, S, Zai, C, and DeLisi, LE
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- 2009
11. Summary of the 1st Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference oral sessions, Venice, Italy, June 21-25, 2008: The rapporteur reports
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Abubaker, R, Alaerts, M, Allman, A-A, Barnett, J, Belujon, P, Bittner, RA, Burne, THJ, Cahn, W, Chance, S, Cherkerzian, S, deSouza, R, Di Forti, M, du Bois, T, Fatjó-Vilas, M, Green, M, Halpern, D, John, JP, Kemp, A, Koelkebeck, K, Lee, J, Lodge, DJ, Michalopoulou, P, Mompremier, L, Nelson, B, Perälä, J, Rotarska-Jagiela, A, Schoeman, R, Thakkar, KN, Valuri, G, Varambally, S, Zai, C, and DeLisi, LE
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- 2008
12. P-789 - Time-dependent activation of theory of mind neural networks in schizophrenia patients-a 3 t fMRI study
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Koelkebeck, K., primary, Pedersen, A., additional, Brandt, M., additional, Kohl, W., additional, Bauer, J., additional, Kugel, H., additional, and Ohrmann, P., additional
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- 2012
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13. Does Depressive Mood Trigger Emotion Identification of Faces with Out-group Features?
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Liedtke, C., Kölkebeck, K., and Kret, M.E.
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- 2015
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14. Theory of Mind bei Schizophrenien: Klinische und wissenschaftliche Aspekte
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Koelkebeck, K., primary, Abdel-Hamid, M., additional, Ohrmann, P., additional, and Brüne, M., additional
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- 2008
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15. Evaluation of feeding spray-dried bovine plasma protein on production performance of laying hens exposed to high ambient temperatures.
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Koelkebeck, K. W., dePersio, S., Harrison, P. C., Utterback, C., Utterback, P., Dilger, R. N., Lima, K., Gates, R. S., Green, A., and Campbell, J. M.
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HENS , *BLOOD proteins , *POULTRY feeding , *HIGH temperatures , *AGRICULTURAL egg production , *EGG quality - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate feeding 2 levels of spray-dried bovine plasma protein (SDP) on production performance of laying hens subjected to high ambient temperatures. Two groups of 96 Hy-Line W-98 hens (38 wk of age) were housed in each of 2 environmentally controlled chambers. At 40 wk of age, all hens were fed 3 diet treatments consisting of (1) a control diet (0% SDP); (2) the control diet supplemented with 0.75% SDP; and (3) the control diet supplemented with 1.50% SDP. Hens in each chamber (8 cages of 4 hens per cage) were ad libitum fed 1 of each diet for 5 wk. The heat stress (HS) chamber was maintained at 21°C (wk 1), 29°C (wk 2), and 35°C (wk 3 to 5). The thermoneutral chamber was maintained at 21°C during wk 1 to 5. A significant main effect of week was observed for hens maintained in the HS chamber for egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed consumption, which resulted in acute heat stress causing a reduction in these parameters. Hens fed the 1.50% SDP diet in the HS chamber produced greater (P < 0.05) egg mass on average than hens fed the control or 0.75% SDP diet (wk 1 to 5). During the second week of acute HS (wk 4), hens fed the control and 1.50% SDP diets had greater (P < 0.05) egg production than those fed the 0.75% SDP diet. During wk 5, hens in the HS chamber that were fed the 1.50% SDP diet produced more (P < 0.05) eggs than those fed the control diet. Therefore, based on the results of this study, acute HS negatively affected short-term production performance. In addition, feeding hens an SDP-supplemented diet may have a slight positive effect on production performance when maintained in acute HS conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2014
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16. Temperature Sequence of Eggs from Oviposition Through Distribution: Processing--Part 2.
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Koelkebeck, K. W., Patterson, P. H., Anderson, K. E., Darre, M. J., Carey, J. B., Ahn, D. U., Ernst, R. A., Kuney, D. R., and Jones, D.
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EGG processing , *AGRICULTURAL marketing , *ANALYSIS of variance , *AGRICULTURE , *EGGS - Abstract
The Egg Safety Action Plan released in 1999 raised questions concerning egg temperature used in the risk assessment model. Therefore, a national study was initiated to determine the internal and external temperature sequence of eggs from oviposition through distribution. Researchers gathered data from commercial egg production, shell egg processing, and distribution facilities. The experimental design was a mixed model with 2 random effects for season and geographic region and a fixed effect for operation type (inline or offline). For this report, internal and external egg temperature data were recorded at specific points during shell egg processing in the winter and summer months. In addition, internal egg temperatures were recorded in pre- and postshell egg processing cooler areas. There was a significant season x geographic region interaction (P < 0.05) for both surface and internal temperatures. Egg temperatures were lower in the winter vs. summer, but eggs gained in temperature from the accumulator to the postshell egg processing cooler. During shell egg processing, summer egg surface and internal temperatures were greater (P < 0.05) than during the winter. When examining the effect of shell egg processing time and conditions, it was found that 2.4 and 3.8°C were added to egg surface temperatures, and 3.3 and 6.0°C were added to internal temperatures in the summer and winter, respectively. Internal egg temperatures were higher (P < 0.05) in the preshell egg processing cooler area during the summer vs. winter, and internal egg temperatures were higher (P < 0.05) in the summer when eggs were ¾ cool (temperature change required to meet USDA-Agricultural Marketing Service storage regulation of 7.2°C) in the postshell egg processing area. However, the cooling rate was not different (P > 0.05) for eggs in the postshell egg processing cooler area in the summer vs. winter. Therefore, these data suggest that season of year and geographic location can affect the temperature of eggs during shell egg processing and should be a component in future assessments of egg safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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17. Temperature Sequence of Eggs from Oviposition Through Distribution: Production--Part 1.
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Patterson, P. H., Koelkebeck, K. W., Anderson, K. E., Darre, M. J., Carey, J. B., Ahn, D. U., Ernst, R. A., Kuney, D. R., and Jones, D. R.
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REGRESSION analysis , *EGGS , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *FACTORIAL experiment designs - Abstract
During Egg Safety Action Plan hearings in Washington, DC, many questions were raised concerning the egg temperature (T) used in the risk assessment model. Therefore, a national study was initiated to determine the T of eggs from oviposition through distribution. In part 1; researchers gathered data on internal and surface egg T from commercial egg production facilities. An infrared thermometer was used to rapidly measure surface T, and internal T was determined by probing individual eggs. The main effects were geographic region (state) and season evaluated in a factorial design. Egg T data were recorded in the production facilities in standardized comparisons. Regression analysis (P < 0.0001) showed that the R2 (0.952) between infrared egg surface T and internal T was very high, and validated further use of the infrared thermometer. Hen house egg surface and internal T were significantly influenced by state, sea- son, and the state x season interaction. Mean hen house egg surface T was 27.3 and 23.8°C for summer and winter, respectively, with 29.2 and 26.2°C for egg internal T (P < 0.0001). Hen house eggs from California had the lowest surface and internal T in winter among all the states (P < 0.0001), whereas the highest egg surface T were recorded during summer in North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas, and the highest internal T were recorded from Texas and Georgia. Cooling of warm eggs following oviposition was significantly influenced by season, state, and their interaction. Egg internal T when 3/4 cool was higher in summer vs. winter and higher in North Carolina and Pennsylvania compared with Iowa. The time required to 3/4 cool eggs was greater in winter than summer and greater in Iowa than in other states. These findings showed seasonal and state impacts on ambient T in the hen house that ultimately influenced egg surface and internal T. More important, they showed opportunities to influence cooling rate to improve internal and microbial egg quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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18. Molting Layers—Alternative Methods and Their Effectiveness.
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Koelkebeck, K. W. and Anderson, K. E.
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ANIMAL rights , *ANIMAL welfare , *HENS , *ANIMAL feeding , *EGGS , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The molting of commercial layers has been under increased scrutiny by animal rights groups, who have said that this practice is highly stressful and one which negatively affects the welfare of the hen due to the initial period of fasting that has been used to stop egg production. In recent years, there has been a recognized need to develop practical alternatives to molting layers other than the use of fasting. Thus, the University of Illinois, University of Nebraska, North Carolina State University, and the University of California have all researched this area. In all of these studies, the methods involved comparing a normal fasting method (i.e., 5 to 13 d), to feeding low-energy and protein diets using ingredients such as wheat middlings, soybean hulls, and corn or diets with graded levels of added salt and without salt (University of Nebraska, University of California). The molt period (28 d) included full-feeding of these diets. In these studies, postmolt production performance for the nonfeed withdrawal techniques was comparable to the fasting method. Several researchers have also evaluated the behavioral repertoire of laying hens, which includes feeding, drinking, comfort, social, reproductive, and anti-predator behaviors. In addition, related behaviors such as aggression, escape-avoidance, and submission have been of particular interest as potential indicators of welfare during molting. In these studies, genetic selection, strain, density, or molt program do not appear to adversely influence the behavioral patterns during the molt. The behavior patterns displayed during a molt program appear consistent with the response to physiological changes that layers experience and do not appear to compromise the welfare status of the hens. Appetitive behaviors were not affected by strain but were affected by production phase and molting. Strain or production phase did not influence the frequency of aggressive and submissive acts. Thus, the use of alternative nonfeed withdrawal molting methods provide comparable laying hen well-being and may enhance the transition from a productive to a resting state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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19. Embryopathic and embryocidal effects of purified fumonisin B or Fusarium proliferatum culture material extract on chicken embryos.
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Javed, T., Richard, J., Bennett, G., Dombrink-Kurtzman, M., Bunte, R., Koelkebeck, K., Côté, L., Leeper, R., and Buck, W.
- Abstract
One hundred eight fertile eggs (Columbia × New Hampshire) were assigned to 10 groups of 10 eggs each (2 control groups had 14 eggs each). Five groups of eggs were inoculated on day 1 of incubation, while the other 5 groups were inoculated on day 10. The inoculum of the 4 treatment groups on both day 1 and 10 consisted of 1,10, or 100 µM purified fumonisin B (FB) or a culture material extract (CME) of Fusarium proliferatum, having known amounts of FB, FB and moniliformin (FB 20 µM; FB 4 µM and moniliformin 7 µM). Inoculum consisted of the respective toxin(s) dissolved in 100 µl double distilled, autoclaved water (diluent). Control eggs were inoculated with diluent only. Mortality was both dose- and time-responsive in all treatments. Eggs inoculated on day 1 with 1 µM FB had 50% mortality; 10 µM FB had 70% mortality; 100 µM FB had 100% mortality; and CME had 100% mortality. Eggs inoculated on day 10 with 1,10 or 100 µM FB or CME had 30, 60, 90 and 80% mortality, respectively. Normal chicks were hatched from all control eggs. The median death times (MDT) were inversely dose-responsive in all treatments, ranging from 3.0 to 7.4 days in embryos exposed on day 1 and from 3.2 to 9.0 days in those exposed on day 10. Early embryonic changes in exposed embryos included hydrocephalus, enlarged beaks and elongated necks. Pathologic changes were noted in liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, musculoskeletal system, intestines, testes and brain toxin-exposed embryos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1993
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20. 103. Dysregulated secretion of sRAGE in schizophrenic patients
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Ponath, G., Hohoff, C., Freitag, C., Kästner, F., Krakowitzky, P., Domschke, K., Kölkebeck, K., Ohrmann, P., Suslow, T., Eiff, C. von, Kipp, F., Deckert, J., Steiner, J., and Rothermundt, M.
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- 2009
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21. Embryopathic and embryocidal effects of purified fumonisin B1 orFusarium proliferatum culture material extract on chicken embryos
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Javed, T., Richard, J. L., Bennett, G. A., Dombrink-Kurtzman, M. A., Bunte, R. M., Koelkebeck, K. W., Côté, L. M., Leeper, R. W., and Buck, W. B.
- Abstract
One hundred eight fertile eggs (Columbia × New Hampshire) were assigned to 10 groups of 10 eggs each (2 control groups had 14 eggs each). Five groups of eggs were inoculated on day 1 of incubation, while the other 5 groups were inoculated on day 10. The inoculum of the 4 treatment groups on both day 1 and 10 consisted of 1,10, or 100 µM purified fumonisin B
1 (FB1 ) or a culture material extract (CME) ofFusarium proliferatum, having known amounts of FB1 , FB2 and moniliformin (FB1 20 µM; FB2 4 µM and moniliformin 7 µM). Inoculum consisted of the respective toxin(s) dissolved in 100 µl double distilled, autoclaved water (diluent). Control eggs were inoculated with diluent only. Mortality was both dose- and time-responsive in all treatments. Eggs inoculated on day 1 with 1 µM FB1 had 50% mortality; 10 µM FB1 had 70% mortality; 100 µM FB1 had 100% mortality; and CME had 100% mortality. Eggs inoculated on day 10 with 1,10 or 100 µM FB1 or CME had 30, 60, 90 and 80% mortality, respectively. Normal chicks were hatched from all control eggs. The median death times (MDT50 ) were inversely dose-responsive in all treatments, ranging from 3.0 to 7.4 days in embryos exposed on day 1 and from 3.2 to 9.0 days in those exposed on day 10. Early embryonic changes in exposed embryos included hydrocephalus, enlarged beaks and elongated necks. Pathologic changes were noted in liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, musculoskeletal system, intestines, testes and brain toxin-exposed embryos.- Published
- 1993
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22. Design and performance evaluation of upgraded portable monitoring units for barn air quality
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Ji, B., Gates, R. S., Weichao Zheng, Grift, T. E., Green, A. R., and Koelkebeck, K. W.
23. THE PsyLOG MOBILE APPLICATION: DEVELOPMENT OF A TOOL FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF SIDE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATION
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Kuzman, M. R., Andlauer, O., Burmeister, K., Dvoracek, B., Lencer, R., Koelkebeck, K., Nawka, A., and Florian Riese
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Croatia ,Applied psychology ,Psychological intervention ,DSM-5 ,German ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Software Design ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,mHealth ,Physician-Patient Relations ,General Medicine ,m-health ,antipsychotics ,medication side effects ,psychosis ,e-health ,Mobile Applications ,Mental health ,language.human_language ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,language ,Asperger's disorder ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Serbian ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
Mobile health interventions are regarded as affordable and accessible tools that can enhance standard psychiatric care. As part of the mHealth Psycho-Educational Intervention Versus Antipsychotic-Induced Side Effects (mPIVAS) project (www.psylog.eu), we developed the mobile application "PsyLOG" based on mobile "smartphone" technology to monitor antipsychotic-induced side effects. The aim of this paper is to describe the rationale and development of the PsyLOG and its clinical use. The PsyLOG application runs on smartphones with Android operating system. The application is currently available in seven languages (Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Japanese and Serbian). It consists of several categories: "My Drug Effects", "My Life Styles", "My Charts", "My Medication", "My Strategies", "My Supporters", "Settings" and "About". The main category "My Drug Effects" includes a list of 30 side effects with the possibility to add three additional side effects. Side effects are each accompanied by an appropriate description and the possibility to rate its severity on a visual analogue scale from 0-100%. The PsyLOG application is intended to enhance the link between patients and mental health professionals, serving as a tool that more objectively monitors side-effects over certain periods of time. To the best of our knowledge, no such applications have so far been developed for patients taking antipsychotic medication or for their therapists.
24. Realistic Views Concerning Poultry Welfare.
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Anderson, K. E. and Koelkebeck, K. W.
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ANIMAL welfare , *ANIMAL rights , *FOOD production , *ANIMAL social behavior , *RESEARCH - Abstract
The animal welfare (rights) issue we face today is not one that will be resolved through research or factual knowledge. It is an emotional issue that resides on philosophical beliefs that are often associated with the religion of an individual or his or her lack thereof. Individuals who oppose the use of animals for research, food, companionship, etc., based on personal feelings or philosophies, may never change their minds based on scientific facts. However, the opportunity we have is the minds of those people who have not yet made up their mind. We can instill in them a respect for life and a clear understanding that it is okay to utilize animals for companionship and for food production provided the animals are maintained under acceptable and reasonable conditions and that they are cared for in a humane manner. This issue will continue to be a tough battle, because, from past experience, animal rightists will sometimes stage animal abuse to prove their viewpoint. We must also realize that due to the nature of humans, not everyone who is responsible for animals, in both research and production settings, will properly care for them. Animal mistreatment or abuse is a major black eye for everyone, and it is always caused by individuals who do not handle animals in a humane and proper manner. However, we have to admit that humanity has reverted to some very deplorable states in history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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25. Nonwithdrawal Molting Programs
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Koelkebeck, K. W., Parsons, C. M., Biggs, P., and Utterback, P.
- Abstract
In the commercial egg industry the management practice of using feed withdrawal to induce a flock to molt has been under extreme scrutiny. This is because animal rights groups have voiced their concern about using this practice. Thus, about 5 yr ago, the United Egg Producers (UEP) commissioned 5 universities to conduct experiments to develop alternative molting programs that used nonwithdrawal feeding programs to molt laying hens. The studies conducted to date used techniques ranging from feeding hens without added salt in the diet to using readily available, low-cost feed ingredients to develop molt diets that are low in energy level and protein content. The results of these studies indicated that molting laying hens without feed withdrawal could be done successfully. Research at the University of Illinois found that feeding laying hens diets consisting of wheat middlings, soybean hulls, and corn (low protein and low energy) were successful in providing for acceptable postmolt egg production performance and economic benefit compared with using a standard feed withdrawal method. Therefore, after 5 yr of experimenting with nonwithdrawal molting methods done in several university settings, the egg industry has successfully adopted these methods of molting laying hens. In addition, based on the finding of these experiments, the UEP has revised their recommended molting guidelines to state that only nonwithdrawal molting methods will be permitted after January 1, 2006. Thus, these guidelines will apply to approximately 82% of the US egg industry.
- Published
- 2006
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26. The Degree of Leaching of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium into Soils and Permeability of Earthen Floors Within Turkey Barns
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Koelkebeck, K. W., Simmons, F. W, and Nally, S.
- Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the degree of leaching of N, P, and K and permeability of soils from earthen floors within several turkey barns. Two turkey growout barns and one brooder barn were sampled at specific depths. For each barn, nine 5-ft soil borings were taken from the inside and three 5-ft bores were taken from the outside. The soil borings were divided into five 1-ft bore subsamples representing the top 5 ft of depth and were sent to a private laboratory for the analysis of total Kjeldahl N (TKN), NO
3 -N, total P (P2 ), K, pH, and percentage organic matter (OM). In addition, Uhland core [1] samples at three depths (1 to 3, 5 to 7, and 9 to 11 in.) were taken to determine soil permeability. The results of this study indicated that significantly greater concentrations of total TKN were present in the first 3 ft of soil depth for the inside vs. outside (control) samples of all farms. However, no differences in total TKN concentration were found between inside and outside samples at the 4- and 5-ft depths. Similar results were found for NO3 -N and K concentrations as noted for total TKN; however, total P2 concentrations were essentially the same between inside and outside samples for depths of 2 to 5 ft. This finding indicated that total P2 did not migrate in the soil. The soil permeability results indicated that lower permeability occurred for the inside vs. outside samples at 1 to 3 in. and 5 to 7 in. for all farms averaged together. Thus, this study indicated that leaching of soil nutrients essentially stopped at 4- to 5-ft within these turkey barns, and in addition, soil permeability was lowered by the presence of growing turkeys inside these facilities.- Published
- 2002
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27. Performance of Laying Hens Provided Water from Two Sources
- Author
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Koelkebeck, K. W., McKee, J. S., Harrison, P. C., Parsons, C. M., and Zimmerman, R. A.
- Abstract
The effect of drinking water source (well vs. city water) on laying hen performance was evaluated using 48 commercial layers (64 wk of age) housed in an environmentally controlled facility at a density of two birds per cage (12? × 18?). After a 10-day adjustment period, four replicate groups (six hens each) were provided water from a commercial egg production farm (drilled well) and the other four groups were provided city water for 4 wk of egg production. The results indicated that water quality differed between the two water sources. A water analysis revealed that the farm well water had sodium and chloride concentrations of 190 and 210 ppm, respectively, compared to sodium and chloride concentrations of 29 and 80 ppm, respectively, for the city water. Average water consumption for the 4-wk experiment was significantly lower for hens consuming well water. Hen-day egg production and egg yield was also lower for hens consuming the well water. Egg weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg specific gravity, and manure moisture were not affected by water source. These results indicate that the quality of drinking water may affect layer performance.
- Published
- 1999
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28. Effect of Dietary protein and Added Fat Levels on Performance of Young Laying Hens
- Author
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Parsons, C. M., Koelkebeck, K. W., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., and Leeper, R. W.
- Abstract
A 20-wk experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein level and addition of fat to a 20% protein diet on performance of young laying hens. The six dietary treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal diets containing 20% CP plus 0, 2, 4, or 6% corn oil or 18 or 16% CP with no added fat. The corn oil was added in place of corn and soybean meal; therefore, ME
n increased as added fat increased. The diets were fed to hens from 20 to 40 wk of age. Body weight of hens fed the 16% CP diet was less (P < .05) than that of hens fed the other diets. Egg production was not consistently affected by added fat or protein level. Added fat increased egg weight, egg size (% large and above) and egg mass output, with the largest response occurring to the first 2% addition. Egg weight and egg size of hens fed 20%CP plus fat were greater (P < .05) than those of hens fed 16 or 18% CP. Egg weight and egg size of hens fed 18% CP were higher than those of hens fed 16% CP. Daily caloric intake was generally similar among diets except that it was higher in some instances for hens fed the 16% CP diet. These results indicated that added fat increased early egg size even when a high protein diet was fed and that a 16% CP diet that exceeds NRC (1984) percentage requirements did not yield optimum performance of young laying hens.- Published
- 1993
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29. Effect of Abrupt Dietary Energy Changes on Daily Caloric Intake and Performance of Young Laying Hens
- Author
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Parsons, C. M., Zimmerman, R. A., Koelkebeck, K. W., and Zhang, Y.
- Abstract
The effects of abrupt dietary energy changes on daily feed and caloric intake during the transition from the pullet to the layer programs and on subsequent layer performance were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, birds were fed pullet diets containing 2943, 3113, or 3187 kcal TME
n /kg from 11 through 18 wk of age and then fed layer diets containing either 2829 or 2943 kcal TMEn /kg from 18 through 34 wk. In Experiment 2, birds were fed pullet diets containing either 2863 or 3259 kcal TMEn /kg from 11 through 18 wk of age and then fed layer diets containing 2845, 2958, or 3073 kcal TMEn /kg from 18 through 34 wk. Within two to three days following the change from pullet to layer diets, birds adjusted their feed intakes so that daily caloric intakes were similar among treatments in most cases. The results indicate that 18-wk-old pullets adapt rapidly to abrupt dietary energy changes when switched from pullet grower diets to layer diets.- Published
- 1994
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30. Temperature Sequence of Eggs from Oviposition Through Distribution: Transportation--Part 3.
- Author
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Anderson, K. E., Patterson, P. H., Koelkebeck, K. W., Darre, M. J., Carey, J. B., Ahn, D. U., Ernst, R. A., Kuney, D. R., and Jones, D. R.
- Subjects
- *
EGGS , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *COOLING , *EGG processing - Abstract
The Egg Safety Action Plan released in 1999 raised many questions concerning egg temperature used in the risk assessment model. Therefore, a national study by researchers in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Texas was initiated to determine the internal and external temperature sequence of eggs from oviposition through distribution. Researchers gathered data from commercial egg production, processing, and distribution facilities. The experimental design was a mixed model with random effects for season and a fixed effect for duration of the transport period (long or short haul). It was determined that processors used refrigerated transport trucks (REFER) as short-term storage (STS) in both the winter and summer. Therefore, this summary of data obtained from REFER also examines the impact of their use as STS. Egg temperature data were recorded for specific loads of eggs during transport to point of resale or distribution to retailers. To standardize data comparisons between loads, they were segregated between long and short hauls. The summer egg temperatures were higher in the STS and during delivery. Egg temperature was not significantly reduced during the STS phase. Egg temperature decreases were less (P < 0.0001) during short delivery hauls 0.6°C than during long hauls 7.8°C. There was a significant season x delivery interaction (P < 0.05) for the change in the temperature differences between the egg and ambient temperature indicated as the cooling potential. This indicated that the ambient temperature during long winter deliveries had the potential to increase egg temperature. The REFER used as STS did not appreciably reduce internal egg temperature. These data suggest that the season of year affects the temperature of eggs during transport. Eggs are appreciably cooled on the truck, during the delivery phase, which was contrary to the original supposition that egg temperatures would remain static during refrigerated transport. These data indicate that refrigerated transport should be a component in future assessments of egg safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Further Evaluation of Nonfeed Removal Methods for Molting Programs.
- Author
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Biggs, P. E., Persia, M. E., Koelkebeck, K. W., and Parsons, C. M.
- Subjects
- *
MOLTING , *HENS , *POULTRY feeding , *WHEAT as feed , *AGRICULTURAL egg production , *POULTRY - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate several nonfeed removal methods compared with feed removal for induced molting of laying hens. Art experiment was conducted using 576 Dekalb White hens (69 wk of age) randomly assigned tot of 8 dietary treatments. Two of hew treatments consisted of feed removal for 10 followed by ad libitum access to a 16% CP, corn-soybean meal diet or a 94% corn diet for 18 d. The other 6 treatments provided ad Libitum access for 28 d to diets containing 94% corn, 94% wheat middlings (WM), 71% WM: 23% corn, 47% WM: 47% corn, 95% corn gluten feed, and 94% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) At 28 d, all hens were fed a laying hen diet 16% CP). and production performance was measured for 40 wk The 2 feed removal treatments resulted in total cessation of egg production within 6 d. Egg production of hens fed the 94% WM. 71% WM: 23% corn, corn, corn gluten feed, and 47% WM:47% corn diets all decreased to 6% or less by d 12, 16, 19, 20, and 28, respectively. Egg production of hens fed DDGS never decreased below 18%. Body weight loss ranged from 10% (DDGS) to 26% (10-d feed removal), with the other treatments being similar at 17%. No consistent differences were observed among treatments throughout the 40-wk postmolt period for egg production, egg specific gravity, egg weight, egg yield, or removal treatments versus several nonfeed removal treatments fro ovary and oviduct weights and blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratios during the molt period. In addition, interactive social behaviors were not different throughout the molt period between hens fed the 94% WM and those deprived of feed for 10 d. Our results indicate feeding WM, corn, corn gluten feed, and WM:corn diets are effective nonfeed removal methods for molting laying hens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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32. Air temperature, carbon dioxide, and ammonia assessment inside a commercial cage layer barn with manure-drying tunnels.
- Author
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Zheng, W., Xiong, Y., Gates, R. S., Wang, Y., and Koelkebeck, K. W.
- Subjects
- *
ATMOSPHERIC temperature , *CARBON dioxide , *TUNNEL ventilation , *TUNNELS , *HENS , *ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide , *ATMOSPHERIC ammonia , *TUNNEL junctions (Materials science) - Abstract
Understanding the air temperature distribution, ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in poultry housing systems are crucial to poultry health, welfare, and productivity. In this study, 4 Intelligent Portable Monitoring Units and 7 temperature sensors were installed inside and between the cages and above 2 minimum ventilation fans of a commercial stacked-deck cage laying hen house in the Midwest United States (425,000 laying hens) to continuously monitor the interior environment over a 6-month period. During cold conditions (March 12th–May 22nd), there was a variation noted, with barn center temperatures consistently being highest in the longitudinal and lateral direction (P < 0.001) and the top floor deck warmer than the bottom floor (P < 0.05). During hotter conditions (May 23rd–July 26th), the interior thermal environment was more uniform than during the winter, resulting in a difference only in the longitudinal direction. The daily CO2 and NH3 concentrations were 400 to 4,981 ppm and 0 to 42.3 ppm among the 4 sampling locations, respectively. Both CO2 and NH3 decreased linearly with increasing outside temperatures. The mean NH3 and CO2 concentrations varied with sampling locations and with the outside temperatures (P < 0.001). For CO2, the minimum ventilation sidewall had lower values than those measured in the barn’s center (P < 0.05) during cold weather, while the barn center and the manure room sidewall consistently measured the highest concentrations during warmer weather (P < 0.05). For NH3, the tunnel ventilation inlet end consistently had the lowest daily concentrations, whereas the in-cage and manure drying tunnel sidewall locations measured the highest concentrations (P < 0.001). Higher NH3 and CO2 concentrations were recorded within the cage than in the cage aisle (P < 0.05). The highest NH3 concentration of 42 ppm was recorded above the minimum exhaust fan adjacent to the manure drying tunnel, which indicated that higher pressure (back pressure) in the manure drying tunnel allowed air leakage back into the production area through nonoperating sidewall fan shutters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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33. Effects of carbon dioxide on turkey poult performance and behavior.
- Author
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Cândido, M G L, Xiong, Y, Gates, R S, Tinôco, I F F, and Koelkebeck, K W
- Subjects
- *
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of carbon dioxide , *TURKEY farming , *POULTRY housing , *HUMIDITY control , *FARM building ventilation & heating - Abstract
Appropriate ventilation of poultry facilities is critical for achieving optimum performance. Ventilation promotes good air exchange to remove harmful gases, excessive heat, moisture, and particulate matter. In a turkey brooder barn, carbon dioxide (CO2) may be present at higher levels during the winter due to reduced ventilation rates to maintain high temperatures. This higher CO2 may negatively affect turkey poult performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of subjecting tom turkey poults (commercial Large White Hybrid Converters) to different constant levels of atmospheric CO2 on their growth performance and behavior. In three consecutive replicate trials, a total of 552 poults were weighed post-hatch and randomly placed in 3 environmental control chambers, with 60 (Trial 1) and 62 (Trials 2 and 3) poults housed per chamber. They were reared with standard temperature and humidity levels for 3 wks. The poults were exposed to 3 different fixed CO2 concentrations of 2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 ppm throughout each trial. Following each trial (replicate), the CO2 treatments were switched and assigned to a different chamber in order to expose each treatment to each chamber. At the end of each trial, all poults were sent to a local turkey producer to finish growout. For each trial, individual body weight and group feed intake were measured, and mortality and behavioral movement were recorded. Wk 3 and cumulative body weight gain of poults housed at 2,000 ppm CO2 was greater (P < 0.05) than those exposed to 4,000 and 6,000 ppm CO2. Feed intake and feed conversion were unaffected by the different CO2 concentrations. No significant difference in poult mortality was found between treatments. In addition, no effect of CO2 treatments was evident in the incidence of spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy for turkeys processed at 19 wk of age. Poults housed at the lower CO2 level (2,000 ppm) demonstrated reduced movement compared with those exposed to the 2 higher CO2 concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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34. Training the trainers: Finding new educational opportunities in the virtual world
- Author
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Franziska Baessler, Norman Sartorius, Afzal Javed, Allan Tasman, Bulent Coskun, Dorota Frydecka, Olga Kazakova, Gaia Sampogna, Olena Zhabenko, Katja Koelkebeck, Cenan Hepdurgun, Ali Zafar, Andrea Fiorillo, Baessler, F., Sartorius, N., Javed, A., Tasman, A., Coskun, B., Frydecka, D., Kazakova, O., Sampogna, G., Zhabenko, O., Koelkebeck, K., Hepdurgun, C., Zafar, A., and Fiorillo, A.
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,online training ,Education, Medical ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Medizin ,COVİD-19 ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,virtual teaching ,Humans ,Learning ,academic exchange ,Wpa Action Plan ,medical education ,Pandemics ,Mental-Health - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted scientific gatherings and conferences, opening up opportunities for virtual learning platforms. Realizing the potential of online academic exchanges, the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) also developed virtual avenues and information systems for capacity building of mental health professionals across the world. Among its first such initiatives, the WPA organized a virtual Train the Trainers workshop, where 123 psychiatrists, psychiatric trainees, and educators from 45 countries participated. The innovative and interactive workshop allowed participants to get to know each other, exchange educational and professional experiences, and ask questions or receive advice from experts. Keynote speakers, including WPA President Prof. Afzal Javed and Prof. Norman Sartorius, stressed upon the importance of finding innovative solutions in psychiatry training and the need to improve teaching and training in the field of psychiatry, especially in the provision of leadership and communication skills. Online training methods can provide easy access to academics and students while reducing the organizational and logistical costs. They have the potential to improve educational equality and allow the voice of the underprivileged scientists to be heard across the globe. The devastating impact on access to mental health services during COVID-19 underscores the urgent need for online training, particularly in countries where the ratio of psychiatrists to patients is inadequate and doctors concentrate more on treatment than on research and education. Virtual educational interventions could prove incredibly useful in the future just as they are being successfully utilized in local and regional contexts during the pandemic., Projekt DEAL, Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
- Published
- 2021
35. Effects of feeding diets varying in energy and nutrient density to Hy-Line W-36 laying hens on production performance and economics,1.
- Author
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dePersio, S., Utterback, P. L., Utterback, C. W., Rochell, S. J., O'Sullivan, N., Bregendahl, K., Arango, J., Parsons, C. M., and Koelkebeck, K. W.
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL nutrition , *CHICKENS , *NUTRITIVE value of feeds , *EGG quality , *EGG yolk , *AGRICULTURAL egg production - Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of feeding 5 different energy and nutrient dense diets to Hy-Line W-36 hens on long-term performance and economics. A total of 480 19 wk old Hy-Line W-36 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were weighed and randomly allocated to 6 replicate groups of 16 hens each (2 adjacent cages containing 8 hens per cage, 60.9 × 58.4 cm) per dietary treatment in a randomized complete block design. The hens were fed 5 treatment diets formulated to contain 85, 90, 95, 100, and 105% of the energy and nutrient recommendations stated in the 2009 Hy-Line Variety W-36 Commercial Management Guide. Production performance was measured for 52 wk from 19 to 70 wk age. Over the course of the trial, a significant increasing linear response to increasing energy and nutrient density was seen for hen-day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed efficiency, energy intake, and body weight (BW). Feed intake showed no significant linear level response to increasing energy and nutrient density except during the early production cycle. No consistent responses were noted for egg quality, percent yolk, and percent egg solids throughout the study. Significant linear responses due to energy and nutrient density were seen for egg income, feed cost, and income minus feed cost. In general, as energy and nutrient density increased, egg income and feed cost per hen increased, but income minus feed cost decreased. Overall, these results indicate that feeding Hy-Line W-36 hens increasing energy and nutrient-dense diets will increase egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed efficiency, energy intake, BW, egg income, and feed cost, but decrease egg income minus feed cost. However, these benefits do not take effect in early production and seem to be most effective in later stages of the production cycle, perhaps “priming” the birds for better egg-production persistency with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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36. Anterior cingulate cortex activation is related to learning potential on the WCST in schizophrenia patients.
- Author
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Pedersen A, Wilmsmeier A, Wiedl KH, Bauer J, Kueppers K, Koelkebeck K, Kohl W, Kugel H, Arolt V, and Ohrmann P
- Abstract
The remediation of executive function in patients with schizophrenia is important in rehabilitation because these skills affect the patient's capacity to function in the community. There is evidence that instructional techniques can improve deficits in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in some schizophrenia patients. We used a standard test/training phase/standard test format of the WCST to classify 36 schizophrenia patients as high-achievers, learners or non-retainers. All healthy controls performed as high-achievers. An event-related fMRI design assessed neural activation patterns during post-training WCST performance. Patients showed a linear trend between set-shifting related activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and learning potential, i.e. increased activation in high-achievers, a trend for increased activation in learners, and no activation in non-retainers compared to controls. In addition, activation in the temporoparietal cortex was highest in patients classified as learners, whereas in non-retainers activation was increased in the inferior frontal gyrus compared to controls and high-achieving patients. These results emphasize the relevance of the ACC's neural integrity in learning set-shifting strategies for patients with schizophrenia. Also, our results support the hypothesis that compensatory neural activation in patients with schizophrenia helps them to catch up with healthy controls on cognitive tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
37. Evaluation of limit feeding varying levels of distillers dried grains with solubles in non-feed-withdrawal molt programs for laying hens.
- Author
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Mejia, L., Meyer, E. T., Studer, D. L., Utterback, P. L., Utterback, C. W., Parsons, C. M., and Koelkebeck, K. W.
- Subjects
- *
POULTRY feeding , *CORN as feed , *SOYBEAN as feed , *GRAIN as feed , *AGRICULTURAL egg production , *LEGHORN chicken , *HENS , *ANIMAL behavior - Abstract
An experiment was conducted with 672 Hy-Line W-36 Single Comb White Leghorn hens (69 wk of age) to evaluate the effects of feeding varying levels of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with corn, wheat middlings, and soybean hulls on long-term laying hen postmolt performance. The control molt treatment consisted of a 47% corn:47% soybean hulls (C:SH) diet fed ad libitum for 28 d. Hens fed the other 7 treatments were limit fed 65 g/ hen per day for 16 ci, and then fed 55 g/hen per day for 12 d,. Hens on treatments 2 and 3 were fed 49% C:35% wheat middlings (WM) or SH:10% DDGS diets (C:WM:1ODDGS, C:SH:10DDGS). Hens on treatments 4 and 5 were fed 49% C:25% WM or SH:20% DDCS diets (C:WM:20DDGS, C:SH:20DDGS). Those on treatments 6 and 7 were fed 47% C:47% DDGS (C:DDGS) or 47% WM:47% DDGS (WM:DDGS) diets. Those on treatment 8 were fed a 94% DDGS diet. At 28 d, all hens were fed a corn-soybean meal layer diet (16% CP) and production performance was measured for 36 wk. None Qf the hens fed the molt diets went completely out of production, and only the C:SH and C:SH:10DDGS molt diets decreased hen-day egg production to below 5% by wk 4 of the molt period. Postmolt egg production was lowest (P < 0.05) for the C:WM:20DDGS, treatment. No differences (P > 0.05) in egg weights were detected among treatments throughout the postmolt period. In addition, no consistent differences were observed among treatments for egg mass throughout the postmolt period. Overall results of this study indicated that limit feeding diets containing DDGS at levels of 65 or 55 g/hen per day during the molt period did not cause hens to totally cease egg production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Evaluation of limit feeding corn and distillers dried grains with solubles in non-feed-withdrawal molt programs for laying hens.
- Author
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Mejia, L., Meyer, E. T., Utterback, P. L., Utterback, C. W., Parsons, C. M., and Koelkebeck, K. W.
- Subjects
- *
POULTRY feeding , *AGRICULTURAL egg production , *HENS , *BODY weight , *MOLTING , *DISTILLERS feeds , *CORN as feed , *SOYBEAN as feed - Abstract
An experiment was conducted using 504 Hy-Line W-36 Single Comb White Leghorn hens (69 wk of age) randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments. These treatments consisted of a 47% corn:47% soy hulls diet (C:SH) fed ad libitum; a 94% corn diet fed at a rate of 36.3, 45.4, or 54.5 g/hen per day (CORN 36, CORN 45, and CORN 54, respectively); and a 94% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) diet fed at the same rates as the previous corn diets (DDGS 36, DDGS 45, and DDGS 54, respectively) during the molt period of 28 d. The intent was to feed the DDGS diets for 28 d; however, all hens on these diets had very low feed intakes and greater than anticipated BW loss. Thus, they were switched to a 16% CP corn-soybean meal layer diet on d 19 of the molt period. At d 28, hens on all treatments were fed the same corn-soybean meal layer diet for 39 v'k (73 to 112 wk of age). All DDGS diets and the CORN 36 diet resulted in total cessation of egg production during the molt period and egg production of hens fed the CORN 45, CORN 54, and C:SH diets had decreased to 3 and 4%, respectively, by d 28. Body weight loss during the 28-d molt period ranged from 14% for the CORN 54 diet to approximately 23% for the 3 DDGS diets. Postmolt egg production (5 to 43 wk) was higher for hens fed the DDGS molt diets than those fed the corn diets. There were no consistent differences in egg mass, egg-specific gravity, feed efficiency, or layer feed consumption among molt treatments for the postmolt period. These results indicate that limit feeding corn diet and DDGS diet in non-feedwithdrawal molt programs will yield long-term postmolt performance that is comparable to that observed by ad libitum feeding a C:SH diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Evaluation of limit feeding corn and DDGS in nonfeed withdrawal molt programs for laying hens.
- Author
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Mejia, L., Utterback, P. L., Utterback, C. W., Parsons, C. M., and Koelkebeck, K. W.
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL feeds - Abstract
An abstract of the article "Evaluation of limit feeding corn and DDGS in nonfeed withdrawal molt programs for laying hens," by L. Mejia and colleagues is presented.
- Published
- 2008
40. Resting-state functional connectivity in anxiety disorders: a multicenter fMRI study.
- Author
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Langhammer T, Hilbert K, Adolph D, Arolt V, Bischoff S, Böhnlein J, Cwik JC, Dannlowski U, Deckert J, Domschke K, Evens R, Fydrich T, Gathmann B, Hamm AO, Heinig I, Herrmann MJ, Hollandt M, Junghoefer M, Kircher T, Koelkebeck K, Leehr EJ, Lotze M, Margraf J, Mumm JLM, Pittig A, Plag J, Richter J, Roesmann K, Ridderbusch IC, Schneider S, Schwarzmeier H, Seeger F, Siminski N, Straube T, Ströhle A, Szeska C, Wittchen HU, Wroblewski A, Yang Y, Straube B, and Lueken U
- Abstract
Anxiety disorders (AD) are associated with altered connectivity in large-scale intrinsic brain networks. It remains uncertain how much these signatures overlap across different phenotypes due to a lack of well-powered cross-disorder comparisons. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate differences in functional connectivity (FC) in a cross-disorder sample of AD patients and healthy controls (HC). Before treatment, 439 patients from two German multicenter clinical trials at eight different sites fulfilling a primary diagnosis of panic disorder and/or agoraphobia (PD/AG, N = 154), social anxiety disorder (SAD, N = 95), or specific phobia (SP, N = 190) and 105 HC underwent an 8 min rsfMRI assessment. We performed categorical and dimensional regions of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analyses focusing on connectivity between regions of the defensive system and prefrontal regulation areas. AD patients showed increased connectivity between the insula and the thalamus compared to controls. This was mainly driven by PD/AG patients who showed increased (insula/hippocampus/amygdala-thalamus) and decreased (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/periaqueductal gray-anterior cingulate cortex) positive connectivity between subcortical and cortical areas. In contrast, SAD patients showed decreased negative connectivity exclusively in cortical areas (insula-orbitofrontal cortex), whereas no differences were found in SP patients. State anxiety associated with the scanner environment did not explain the FC between these regions. Only PD/AG patients showed pronounced connectivity changes along a widespread subcortical-cortical network, including the midbrain. Dimensional analyses yielded no significant results. The results highlighting categorical differences between ADs at a systems neuroscience level are discussed within the context of personalized neuroscience-informed treatments. PROTECT-AD's registration at NIMH Protocol Registration System: 01EE1402A and German Register of Clinical Studies: DRKS00008743. SpiderVR's registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03208400., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
41. Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group.
- Author
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Hilbert K, Boeken OJ, Langhammer T, Groenewold NA, Bas-Hoogendam JM, Aghajani M, Zugman A, Åhs F, Arolt V, Beesdo-Baum K, Björkstrand J, Blackford JU, Blanco-Hinojo L, Böhnlein J, Bülow R, Cano M, Cardoner N, Caseras X, Dannlowski U, Domschke K, Fehm L, Feola B, Fredrikson M, Goossens L, Grabe HJ, Grotegerd D, Gur RE, Hamm AO, Harrewijn A, Heinig I, Herrmann MJ, Hofmann D, Jackowski AP, Jansen A, Kaczkurkin AN, Kindt M, Kingsley EN, Kircher T, Klahn AL, Koelkebeck K, Krug A, Kugel H, Larsen B, Leehr EJ, Leonhardt L, Lotze M, Margraf J, Michałowski J, Muehlhan M, Nenadić I, Pan PM, Pauli P, Peñate W, Pittig A, Plag J, Pujol J, Richter J, Rivero FL, Salum GA, Satterthwaite TD, Schäfer A, Schäfer J, Schienle A, Schneider S, Schrammen E, Schruers K, Schulz SM, Seidl E, Stark RM, Stein F, Straube B, Straube T, Ströhle A, Suchan B, Thomopoulos SI, Ventura-Bort C, Visser R, Völzke H, Wabnegger A, Wannemüller A, Wendt J, Wiemer J, Wittchen HU, Wittfeld K, Wright B, Yang Y, Zilverstand A, Zwanzger P, Veltman DJ, Winkler AM, Pine DS, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Stein DJ, Van der Wee NJA, and Lueken U
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Female, Male, Child, Adolescent, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Brain pathology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Aged, Child, Preschool, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Cortex pathology, Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging, Animals, Case-Control Studies, Phobic Disorders pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Abstract
Objective: Specific phobia is a common anxiety disorder, but the literature on associated brain structure alterations exhibits substantial gaps. The ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group examined brain structure differences between individuals with specific phobias and healthy control subjects as well as between the animal and blood-injection-injury (BII) subtypes of specific phobia. Additionally, the authors investigated associations of brain structure with symptom severity and age (youths vs. adults)., Methods: Data sets from 31 original studies were combined to create a final sample with 1,452 participants with phobia and 2,991 healthy participants (62.7% female; ages 5-90). Imaging processing and quality control were performed using established ENIGMA protocols. Subcortical volumes as well as cortical surface area and thickness were examined in a preregistered analysis., Results: Compared with the healthy control group, the phobia group showed mostly smaller subcortical volumes, mixed surface differences, and larger cortical thickness across a substantial number of regions. The phobia subgroups also showed differences, including, as hypothesized, larger medial orbitofrontal cortex thickness in BII phobia (N=182) compared with animal phobia (N=739). All findings were driven by adult participants; no significant results were observed in children and adolescents., Conclusions: Brain alterations associated with specific phobia exceeded those of other anxiety disorders in comparable analyses in extent and effect size and were not limited to reductions in brain structure. Moreover, phenomenological differences between phobia subgroups were reflected in diverging neural underpinnings, including brain areas related to fear processing and higher cognitive processes. The findings implicate brain structure alterations in specific phobia, although subcortical alterations in particular may also relate to broader internalizing psychopathology.
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- 2024
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42. Lack of evidence for predictive utility from resting state fMRI data for individual exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy outcomes: A machine learning study in two large multi-site samples in anxiety disorders.
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Hilbert K, Böhnlein J, Meinke C, Chavanne AV, Langhammer T, Stumpe L, Winter N, Leenings R, Adolph D, Arolt V, Bischoff S, Cwik JC, Deckert J, Domschke K, Fydrich T, Gathmann B, Hamm AO, Heinig I, Herrmann MJ, Hollandt M, Hoyer J, Junghöfer M, Kircher T, Koelkebeck K, Lotze M, Margraf J, Mumm JLM, Neudeck P, Pauli P, Pittig A, Plag J, Richter J, Ridderbusch IC, Rief W, Schneider S, Schwarzmeier H, Seeger FR, Siminski N, Straube B, Straube T, Ströhle A, Wittchen HU, Wroblewski A, Yang Y, Roesmann K, Leehr EJ, Dannlowski U, and Lueken U
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain physiopathology, Young Adult, Implosive Therapy methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Machine Learning, Anxiety Disorders therapy, Anxiety Disorders diagnostic imaging, Anxiety Disorders physiopathology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy methods
- Abstract
Data-based predictions of individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) treatment response are a fundamental step towards precision medicine. Past studies demonstrated only moderate prediction accuracy (i.e. ability to discriminate between responders and non-responders of a given treatment) when using clinical routine data such as demographic and questionnaire data, while neuroimaging data achieved superior prediction accuracy. However, these studies may be considerably biased due to very limited sample sizes and bias-prone methodology. Adequately powered and cross-validated samples are a prerequisite to evaluate predictive performance and to identify the most promising predictors. We therefore analyzed resting state functional magnet resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from two large clinical trials to test whether functional neuroimaging data continues to provide good prediction accuracy in much larger samples. Data came from two distinct German multicenter studies on exposure-based CBT for anxiety disorders, the Protect-AD and SpiderVR studies. We separately and independently preprocessed baseline rs-fMRI data from n = 220 patients (Protect-AD) and n = 190 patients (SpiderVR) and extracted a variety of features, including ROI-to-ROI and edge-functional connectivity, sliding-windows, and graph measures. Including these features in sophisticated machine learning pipelines, we found that predictions of individual outcomes never significantly differed from chance level, even when conducting a range of exploratory post-hoc analyses. Moreover, resting state data never provided prediction accuracy beyond the sociodemographic and clinical data. The analyses were independent of each other in terms of selecting methods to process resting state data for prediction input as well as in the used parameters of the machine learning pipelines, corroborating the external validity of the results. These similar findings in two independent studies, analyzed separately, urge caution regarding the interpretation of promising prediction results based on neuroimaging data from small samples and emphasizes that some of the prediction accuracies from previous studies may result from overestimation due to homogeneous data and weak cross-validation schemes. The promise of resting-state neuroimaging data to play an important role in the prediction of CBT treatment outcomes in patients with anxiety disorders remains yet to be delivered., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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43. Systematic analysis of combined oral contraceptive prescription patterns in psychotropic drug users across twelve European countries.
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Boehnke T, Franke C, Bauerfeind A, Heinemann K, Kolberg-Liedtke C, and Koelkebeck K
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- Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Levonorgestrel, Progesterone Congeners, Psychotropic Drugs, Contraceptives, Oral, Combined, Progestins
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate prescription patterns of combined oral contraceptives (COC) among psychotropic drug users compared to non-psychotropic drug users in routine clinical practice in Europe., Study Design: A pooled analysis of three large, prospective, multinational cohort studies including women with a new prescription of COC from 12 European countries. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) to investigate whether the status of psychotropic drug use (use/no use) or the psychotropic drug class (psycholeptics/psychoanaleptics) is associated with the healthcare professional's choice of a specific type of COC progestin., Results: Our analysis comprised 143,069 non-psychotropic drug users and 2174 psychotropic drug users. Progestins with the highest frequency in the cohorts were levonorgestrel (non-psychotropic drug users: 33.8%; psychotropic drug users: 32.4%), nomegestrol/nomegestrol acetate (non-psychotropic drug users: 19.1%; psychotropic drug users: 26.4%), and drospirenone (non-psychotropic drug users: 15.9%; psychotropic drug users: 14.8%). SMD analysis indicated no substantial differences in COC prescription patterns between the two cohorts. However, we observed association signals for users of the herbal antidepressant St. John's wort in that those individuals more often received a prescription for drospirenone and less frequently for nomegestrol/nomegestrol acetate compared to non-psychotropic drug users., Conclusions: Psychotropic drug user status does not seem to affect healthcare professionals' decisions when prescribing COC. However, limited evidence suggests that the risk for drug interactions might differ by progestin type, and some COC might be more suitable for psychotropic drug users than others. Specific guidelines should be conveyed to healthcare professionals to assist them in contraceptive counseling., Implications: With exception of St. John's wort, our analysis showed no differential prescription behavior of combined oral contraceptives in psychotropic drug users and non-users. However, healthcare professionals should carefully consider psychotropic drug use in contraceptive counseling as it is still unclear whether drug interactions exist when co-administered with certain oral contraceptives., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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44. Autistic and non-autistic individuals show the same amygdala activity during emotional face processing.
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Langenbach BP, Grotegerd D, Mulders PCR, Tendolkar I, van Oort J, Duyser F, van Eijndhoven P, Vrijsen JN, Dannlowski U, Kampmann Z, and Koelkebeck K
- Subjects
- Humans, Emotions, Amygdala diagnostic imaging, Autistic Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Facial Recognition
- Abstract
Background: Autistic and non-autistic individuals often differ in how they perceive and show emotions, especially in their ability and inclination to infer other people's feelings from subtle cues like facial expressions. Prominent theories of autism have suggested that these differences stem from alterations in amygdala functioning and that amygdala hypoactivation causes problems with emotion recognition. Thus far, however, empirical investigations of this hypothesis have yielded mixed results and largely relied on relatively small samples., Methods: In a sample of 72 autistic and 79 non-autistic participants, we conducted a study in which we used the Hariri paradigm to test whether amygdala activation during emotional face processing is altered in autism spectrum disorder, and whether common mental disorders like depression, ADHD or anxiety disorders influence any potential alterations in activation patterns., Results: We found no evidence for differences in amygdala activation, neither when comparing autistic and non-autistic participants, nor when taking into account mental disorders or the overall level of functional impairment., Limitations: Because we used one basic emotion processing task in a Dutch sample, results might not generalise to other tasks and other populations., Conclusions: Our results challenge the view that autistic and non-autistic processing of emotional faces in the amygdala is vastly different and call for a more nuanced view of differences between non-autistic and autistic emotion processing., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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45. Speech disturbances in schizophrenia: Assessing cross-linguistic generalizability of NLP automated measures of coherence.
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Parola A, Lin JM, Simonsen A, Bliksted V, Zhou Y, Wang H, Inoue L, Koelkebeck K, and Fusaroli R
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- Humans, Natural Language Processing, Linguistics, Speech Disorders, Speech, Schizophrenia complications, Schizophrenia diagnosis
- Abstract
Introduction: Language disorders - disorganized and incoherent speech in particular - are distinctive features of schizophrenia. Natural language processing (NLP) offers automated measures of incoherent speech as promising markers for schizophrenia. However, the scientific and clinical impact of NLP markers depends on their generalizability across contexts, samples, and languages, which we systematically assessed in the present study relying on a large, novel, cross-linguistic corpus., Methods: We collected a Danish (DK), German (GE), and Chinese (CH) cross-linguistic dataset involving transcripts from 187 participants with schizophrenia (111DK, 25GE, 51CH) and 200 matched controls (129DK, 29GE, 42CH) performing the Animated Triangles Task. Fourteen previously published NLP coherence measures were calculated, and between-groups differences and association with symptoms were tested for cross-linguistic generalizability., Results: One coherence measure, i.e. second-order coherence, robustly generalized across samples and languages. We found several language-specific effects, some of which partially replicated previous findings (lower coherence in German and Chinese patients), while others did not (higher coherence in Danish patients). We found several associations between symptoms and measures of coherence, but the effects were generally inconsistent across languages and rating scales., Conclusions: Using a cumulative approach, we have shown that NLP findings of reduced semantic coherence in schizophrenia have limited generalizability across different languages, samples, and measures. We argue that several factors such as sociodemographic and clinical heterogeneity, cross-linguistic variation, and the different NLP measures reflecting different clinical aspects may be responsible for this variability. Future studies should take this variability into account in order to develop effective clinical applications targeting different patient populations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Riccardo Fusaroli has been a paid consultant on related but not overlapping topics for Roche. The other authors have no real or potential conflicts of interest that could have influenced the research., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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46. Study protocol: effects of treatment expectation toward repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depressive disorder-a randomized controlled clinical trial.
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Steiner KM, Timmann D, Bingel U, Kunkel A, Spisak T, Schedlowski M, Benson S, Engler H, Scherbaum N, and Koelkebeck K
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- Humans, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation adverse effects, Motivation, Cerebellum, Control Groups, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, Major therapy
- Abstract
Background: Patients' expectations toward any given treatment are highly important for the effectiveness of such treatment, as has been demonstrated for several disorders. In particular, in major depressive disorder (MDD), one of the most frequent and most serious mental disorders with severe consequences for the affected, the augmentation of available treatment options could mean a ground-breaking success. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a new, non-invasive, and well-tolerated intervention with proven effects in the treatment of MDD, appears particularly suitable in this context as it is assumed to exert its effect via structures implicated in networks relevant for both expectation and depression., Methods: All patients will receive rTMS according to its approval. Half of the patients will be randomized to a psychological intervention, which is a comprehensive medical consultation aiming to improve positive treatment expectations; the control group will receive a conventional informed consent discussion (in the sense of a treatment-as-usual condition). As outcome parameters, instruments for both self-assessment and external assessment of depression symptoms will be applied. Furthermore, psycho-immunological parameters such as inflammation markers and the cortisol awakening response in saliva will be investigated. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs fMRI) will be performed to analyze functional connectivity, including the cerebellum, and to identify neuronal predictors of expectation effects. In addition, possible cerebellar involvement will be assessed based on a cerebellar-dependent motor learning paradigm (i.e., eyeblink conditioning)., Discussion: In this study, the effects of treatment expectations towards rTMS are investigated in patients with MDD. The aim of this study is to identify the mechanisms underlying the expectation effects and, beyond that, to expand the potential of non-invasive and well-tolerated treatments of MDD., Trial Registration: German Registry of Clinical Studies (DRKS DRKS00028017. Registered on 2022/03/07. URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/ ., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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47. Mentalising and depression: a mini-review on behavior, neural substrates, and treatment options.
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Langenbach BP, Koelkebeck K, and Knoch D
- Abstract
Major depression is one of the most common mental disorders, affecting millions of people around the globe. In recent years, researchers increasingly investigated social cognition in depression and discovered pronounced alterations. A special focus has been put on mentalising or Theory of Mind, the ability to recognize and understand another person's thoughts and feelings. While there is behavioral evidence for deficits in this ability in patients with depression as well as specialized therapeutic interventions, the neuroscientific substrates are only beginning to be understood. In this mini-review, we take a social neuroscience perspective to analyse the importance of altered mentalising in depression and whether it can help to understand the origins and perpetuation of the disorder. We will put a special focus on treatment options and corresponding neural changes to identify relevant paths for future (neuroscientific) research., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Langenbach, Koelkebeck and Knoch.)
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- 2023
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48. Interpersonal problems and recognition of facial emotions in healthy individuals.
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Suslow T, Lemster A, Koelkebeck K, and Kersting A
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Background: Recognition of emotions in faces is important for successful social interaction. Results from previous research based on clinical samples suggest that difficulties in identifying threat-related or negative emotions can go along with interpersonal problems. The present study examined whether associations between interpersonal difficulties and emotion decoding ability can be found in healthy individuals. Our analysis was focused on two main dimensions of interpersonal problems: agency (social dominance) and communion (social closeness)., Materials and Methods: We constructed an emotion recognition task with facial expressions depicting six basic emotions (happiness, surprise, anger, disgust, sadness, and fear) in frontal and profile view, which was administered to 190 healthy adults (95 women) with a mean age of 23.9 years ( SD = 3.8) along with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, measures of negative affect and verbal intelligence. The majority of participants were university students (80%). Emotion recognition accuracy was assessed using unbiased hit rates., Results: Negative correlations were observed between interpersonal agency and recognition of facial anger and disgust that were independent of participants' gender and negative affect. Interpersonal communion was not related to recognition of facial emotions., Discussion: Poor identification of other people's facial signals of anger and disgust might be a factor contributing to interpersonal problems with social dominance and intrusiveness. Anger expressions signal goal obstruction and proneness to engage in conflict whereas facial disgust indicates a request to increase social distance. The interpersonal problem dimension of communion appears not to be linked to the ability to recognize emotions from facial expressions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Suslow, Lemster, Koelkebeck and Kersting.)
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- 2023
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49. Voice Patterns as Markers of Schizophrenia: Building a Cumulative Generalizable Approach Via a Cross-Linguistic and Meta-analysis Based Investigation.
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Parola A, Simonsen A, Lin JM, Zhou Y, Wang H, Ubukata S, Koelkebeck K, Bliksted V, and Fusaroli R
- Subjects
- Humans, Bayes Theorem, Linguistics, Schizophrenia diagnosis, Schizophrenia complications, Voice
- Abstract
Background and Hypothesis: Voice atypicalities are potential markers of clinical features of schizophrenia (eg, negative symptoms). A recent meta-analysis identified an acoustic profile associated with schizophrenia (reduced pitch variability and increased pauses), but also highlighted shortcomings in the field: small sample sizes, little attention to the heterogeneity of the disorder, and to generalizing findings to diverse samples and languages., Study Design: We provide a critical cumulative approach to vocal atypicalities in schizophrenia, where we conceptually and statistically build on previous studies. We aim at identifying a cross-linguistically reliable acoustic profile of schizophrenia and assessing sources of heterogeneity (symptomatology, pharmacotherapy, clinical and social characteristics). We relied on previous meta-analysis to build and analyze a large cross-linguistic dataset of audio recordings of 231 patients with schizophrenia and 238 matched controls (>4000 recordings in Danish, German, Mandarin and Japanese). We used multilevel Bayesian modeling, contrasting meta-analytically informed and skeptical inferences., Study Results: We found only a minimal generalizable acoustic profile of schizophrenia (reduced pitch variability), while duration atypicalities replicated only in some languages. We identified reliable associations between acoustic profile and individual differences in clinical ratings of negative symptoms, medication, age and gender. However, these associations vary across languages., Conclusions: The findings indicate that a strong cross-linguistically reliable acoustic profile of schizophrenia is unlikely. Rather, if we are to devise effective clinical applications able to target different ranges of patients, we need first to establish larger and more diverse cross-linguistic datasets, focus on individual differences, and build self-critical cumulative approaches., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2023
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50. Sometimes I feel the fear of uncertainty: How intolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety impact fear acquisition, extinction and the return of fear.
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Wroblewski A, Hollandt M, Yang Y, Ridderbusch IC, Pietzner A, Szeska C, Lotze M, Wittchen HU, Heinig I, Pittig A, Arolt V, Koelkebeck K, Rothkopf CA, Adolph D, Margraf J, Lueken U, Pauli P, Herrmann MJ, Winkler MH, Ströhle A, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, Hamm AO, Straube B, and Richter J
- Subjects
- Anxiety, Fear physiology, Humans, Uncertainty, Extinction, Psychological physiology, Galvanic Skin Response
- Abstract
It is hypothesized that the ability to discriminate between threat and safety is impaired in individuals with high dispositional negativity, resulting in maladaptive behavior. A large body of research investigated differential learning during fear conditioning and extinction protocols depending on individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and trait anxiety (TA), two closely-related dimensions of dispositional negativity, with heterogenous results. These might be due to varying degrees of induced threat/safety uncertainty. Here, we compared two groups with high vs. low IU/TA during periods of low (instructed fear acquisition) and high levels of uncertainty (delayed non-instructed extinction training and reinstatement). Dependent variables comprised subjective (US expectancy, valence, arousal), psychophysiological (skin conductance response, SCR, and startle blink), and neural (fMRI BOLD) measures of threat responding. During fear acquisition, we found strong threat/safety discrimination for both groups. During early extinction (high uncertainty), the low IU/TA group showed an increased physiological response to the safety signal, resulting in a lack of CS discrimination. In contrast, the high IU/TA group showed strong initial threat/safety discrimination in physiology, lacking discriminative learning on startle, and reduced neural activation in regions linked to threat/safety processing throughout extinction training indicating sustained but non-adaptive and rigid responding. Similar neural patterns were found after the reinstatement test. Taken together, we provide evidence that high dispositional negativity, as indicated here by IU and TA, is associated with greater responding to threat cues during the beginning of delayed extinction, and, thus, demonstrates altered learning patterns under changing environments., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest T. Kircher has received funding for education and symposia from Lundbeck, Lilly, Pfizer and Aristo. H.-U. Wittchen has been member of advisory boards of several pharmaceutical companies. He received travel reimbursements and research grant support from Essex Pharma, Sanofi, Pfizer, Organon, Servier, Novartis, Lundbeck, Glaxo Smith Kline. V. Arolt is member of advisory boards and/or gave presentations for the following companies: Astra-Zeneca, Janssen-Organon, Lilly, Lundbeck, Servier, Pfizer, and Wyeth. He also received research grants from Astra-Zeneca, Lundbeck, and Servier. He chaired the committee for the Wyeth Research Award Depression and Anxiety. A. Ströhle received research funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the European Commission (FP6) and Lundbeck, and speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly & Co, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Wyeth and UCB. Educational grants were given by the Stifterverband fuer die Deutsche Wissenschaft, the Berlin Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds and the Eli Lilly International Foundation. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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