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1. Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets. VIII. TiO$_2$ seed formation: 3D Monte Carlo versus kinetic approach

Author

Köhn, C., Helling, Ch., Enghoff, M. Bødker, Haynes, K., Krog, D., Sindel, J. P., and Gobrecht, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We aim to understand the onset of cloud formation {and study the formation of} TiO$_2$-CCNs. The formation of (TiO$_2$)$_{\rm N}$ clusters as precursors to extrasolar cloud formation is modelled by two different methods in order to understand their potential, identify underlying shortcomings, and to validate our methods. We propose potential spectral tracers for TiO$_2$-CCN formation. We applied three-dimensional Monte Carlo (3D MC) simulations to model the collision-induced growth of TiO$_2$-molecules to (TiO$_2$)$_{\rm N}$-clusters in the free molecular flow regime of an atmospheric gas. We derived individual, time-dependent (TiO$_2$)$_{\rm N}$ cluster number densities. For $T=1000$K, the results are compared to a kinetic approach that utilises thermodynamic data for individual (TiO$_2$)$_{\rm N}$ clusters. The {(TiO$_2$)$_{\rm N}$} cluster size distribution is temperature dependent and evolves in time until a steady state is reached. For $T=1000$K, the 3D MC and the kinetic approach agree well regarding the cluster number densities for $N=1\,\ldots\,10$, the vivid onset of cluster formation, and the long transition into a steady state. Collision-induced growth and evaporation simulated using a 3D MC approach enables a faster onset of cluster growth through nucleation bursts. Different size distributions develop for monomer-cluster and for cluster-cluster growth, with the largest clusters appearing for cluster-cluster growth. The (TiO$_2$)$_N$ cluster growth efficiency has a sweet-spot temperature at $\approx 1000$K at which CCN formation is triggered. The combination of local thermodynamic conditions and chemical processes therefore determines CCN formation efficiency., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A, 17 pages, 13 figures

Published
2021
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2. 3D PIC Simulations for Relativistic Jets with a Toroidal Magnetic Field

Author

Meli, A., Nishikawa, K., Koehn, C., Dutan, I., Mizuno, Y., Kobzar, O., MacDonald, N., Gomez, J. L., and Hirotani, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We have investigated how kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability (WI), the mushroom instability (MI), and the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) are excited in jets without and with a toroidal magnetic field, and how such instabilities contribute to particle acceleration. In this work we use a new jet injection scheme where an electric current is self-consistently generated at the jet orifice by the jet particles which produce the toroidal magnetic field. We perform five different simulations for a sufficiently long time to examine the non-linear effects of the jet evolution. We inject unmagnetized e^{\pm} and e^{-} - p^{+} (m_p/m_e = 1836), as well as magnetized e^{\pm} and e^{-} - i^{+} (m_i/m_e = 4) jets with a top-hat jet density profile into an unmagnetized ambient plasmas of the same species. We show that WI, MI, and kKHI excited at the linear stage, generate a non-oscillatory x-component of the electric field accelerating and decelerating electrons. We find that the two different jet compositions (e^{\pm} and e^{-} - i^{+}) display different instability modes respectively. Moreover, the magnetic field in the non-linear stage generated by different instabilities is dissipated and reorganized into new topologies. A 3D magnetic field topology depiction indicates possible reconnection sites in the non-linear stage where the particles are significantly accelerated by the dissipation of the magnetic field associated to a possible reconnection event., Comment: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2023, 519, 4, 5410-5426 (DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac3474)

Published
2020
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3. The emission of energetic electrons from the complex streamer corona adjacent to leader stepping

Author

Köhn, C., Chanrion, O., Nishikawa, K., Babich, L., and Neubert, T.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Geophysics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We here propose a model to capture the complexity of the streamer corona adjacent to leader stepping and relate it to the production of energetic electrons serving as a source of X-rays and $\gamma$-rays, manifesting in terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). During its stepping, the leader tip is accompanied by a corona consisting of multitudinous streamers perturbing the air in its vicinity and leaving residual charge behind. We explore the relative importance of air perturbations and preionization on the production of energetic run-away electrons by 2.5D cylindrical Monte Carlo particle simulations of streamers in ambient fields of 16 kV cm$^{-1}$ and 50 kV cm$^{-1}$ at ground pressure. We explore preionization levels between $10^{10}$ m$^{-3}$ and $10^{13}$ m$^{-3}$, channel widths between 0.5 and 1.5 times the original streamer widths and air perturbation levels between 0\% and 50\% of ambient air. We observe that streamers in preionized and perturbed air accelerate more efficiently than in non-ionized and uniform air with air perturbation dominating the streamer acceleration. We find that in unperturbed air preionization levels of $10^{11}$ m$^{-3}$ are sufficient to explain run-away electron rates measured in conjunction with terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. In perturbed air, the production rate of runaway electrons varies from $10^{10}$ s$^{-1}$ to $10^{17}$ s$^{-1}$ with maximum electron energies from some hundreds of eV up to some hundreds of keV in fields above and below the breakdown strength. In the presented simulations the number of runaway electrons matches with the number of energetic electrons measured in alignment with the observations of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. Conclusively, the complexity of the streamer zone ahead of leader tips allows explaining the emission of energetic electrons and photons from streamer discharges., Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables

Published
2019
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6. Influence of Atmospheric Electric Fields on the Radio Emission from Extensive Air Showers

Author

Trinh, T. N. G., Scholten, O., Buitink, S., Berg, A. M. van den, Corstanje, A., Ebert, U., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J. R., Köhn, C., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Rutjes, C., Schellart, P., Thoudam, S., ter Veen, S., and de Vries, K. D.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The atmospheric electric fields in thunderclouds have been shown to significantly modify the intensity and polarization patterns of the radio footprint of cosmic-ray-induced extensive air showers. Simulations indicated a very non-linear dependence of the signal strength in the frequency window of 30-80 MHz on the magnitude of the atmospheric electric field. In this work we present an explanation of this dependence based on Monte-Carlo simulations, supported by arguments based on electron dynamics in air showers and expressed in terms of a simplified model. We show that by extending the frequency window to lower frequencies additional sensitivity to the atmospheric electric field is obtained.

Published
2015
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7. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers

Author

Schellart, P., Trinh, T. N. G., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J. R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Ebert, U., Koehn, C., Rutjes, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J. M., Avruch, I. M., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H. A., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Moldon, J., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D. J., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tasse, C., Toribio, M. C., van Weeren, R. J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2015
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9. An inclusive and diverse governance structure of the strategy for patient-oriented research (SPOR) Evidence Alliance

Author

Clendinneng, D, Lunny, C, Zarin, W, Chaudhry, S, Thomas, SM, LeBlanc, A, Desroches, S, Horsley, T, Colquhoun, H, Sanon, P-N, Downey, M, Goodarzi, Z, Baxter, NN, English, K, PausJenssen, E, McQuitty, S, Wilhelm, L, McKinnon, A, Hoens, AM, Li, LC, Clement, F, Curran, JA, Abou-Setta, AM, Godfrey, C, Moher, D, Moffitt, P, Walker, J, Jull, J, Koehn, C, Isaranuwatchai, W, Straus, SE, Tricco, AC, Clendinneng, D, Lunny, C, Zarin, W, Chaudhry, S, Thomas, SM, LeBlanc, A, Desroches, S, Horsley, T, Colquhoun, H, Sanon, P-N, Downey, M, Goodarzi, Z, Baxter, NN, English, K, PausJenssen, E, McQuitty, S, Wilhelm, L, McKinnon, A, Hoens, AM, Li, LC, Clement, F, Curran, JA, Abou-Setta, AM, Godfrey, C, Moher, D, Moffitt, P, Walker, J, Jull, J, Koehn, C, Isaranuwatchai, W, Straus, SE, and Tricco, AC

Abstract

The Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) Evidence Alliance is a research initiative in Canada whose mission is to promote the synthesis, dissemination, and integration of research results into health care and public health decision-making and clinical practice. The aim of this paper is to ( i) outline the governance and committee structure of the SPOR Evidence Alliance, ( ii) outline the procedures for patient and health system decision-maker engagement, and ( iii) present the capacity-building strategy for governance members. The governance structure includes the following six standing committees: the International Advisory Committee, Steering Committee, Executive Committee, Knowledge Translation Committee, Partnerships Committee, and Training and Capacity Development Committee. The guiding principles embrace inclusiveness, support, mutual respect, transparency, and co-building. There are currently 64 committee members across the six committees, 13 patient and public partners, 8 health system decision-makers, 7 research trainees, and 36 researchers. A multi-disciplinary and diverse group of people in Canada are represented from all regions and at various levels of training in knowledge generation, exchange, and translation. This collaborative model makes the SPOR Evidence Alliance strong and sustainable by leveraging the knowledge, lived experiences, expertise, skills, and networks among its 342 members and 12 principal investigators.

Published
2022

13. Effects of a 12-Week Multifaceted Wearable-Based Program for People with Knee Osteoarthritis:Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Li, L.C., Feehan, L.M., Xie, H., Lu, N., Shaw, C.D., Gromala, D., Zhu, S., Aviña-Zubieta, J.A., Hoens, A.M., Koehn, C., Tam, J., Therrien, S., Townsend, A.F., Noonan, G., Backman, C.L., Li, L.C., Feehan, L.M., Xie, H., Lu, N., Shaw, C.D., Gromala, D., Zhu, S., Aviña-Zubieta, J.A., Hoens, A.M., Koehn, C., Tam, J., Therrien, S., Townsend, A.F., Noonan, G., and Backman, C.L.

Abstract

Background: Current guidelines emphasize an active lifestyle in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but up to 90% of patients with OA are inactive. In a previous study, we demonstrated that an 8-week physiotherapist (PT)-led counseling intervention, with the use of a Fitbit, improved step count and quality of life in patients with knee OA, compared with a control. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of a 12-week, multifaceted wearable-based program on physical activity and patient outcomes in patients with knee OA. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial with a delay-control design. The immediate group (IG) received group education, a Fitbit, access to FitViz (a Fitbit-compatible app), and 4 biweekly phone calls from a PT over 8 weeks. Participants then continued using Fitbit and FitViz independently up to week 12. The delay group (DG) received a monthly electronic newsletter in weeks 1 to 12 and started the same intervention in week 14. Participants were assessed in weeks 13, 26, and 39. The primary outcome was time spent in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; in bouts ≥10 min) measured with a SenseWear Mini. Secondary outcomes included daily steps, time spent in purposeful activity and sedentary behavior, Knee Injury and OA Outcome Score, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Partners in Health Scale, Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire, and Self-Reported Habit Index. Results: We enrolled 51 participants (IG: n=26 and DG: n=25). Compared with the IG, the DG accumulated significantly more MVPA time at baseline. The adjusted mean difference in MVPA was 13.1 min per day (95% CI 1.6 to 24.5). A significant effect was also found in the adjusted mean difference in perceived sitting habit at work (0.7; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.2) and during leisure activities (0.7; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.2). No significant effect was found in the remaining secondary outcomes. Conclusions: A 12-week multifaceted program with the use of a wearable device, an ap

Published
2020

14. Effects of a 12-Week Multifaceted Wearable-Based Program for People with Knee Osteoarthritis : Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Li, L.C., Feehan, L.M., Xie, H., Lu, N., Shaw, C.D., Gromala, D., Zhu, S., Aviña-Zubieta, J.A., Hoens, A.M., Koehn, C., Tam, J., Therrien, S., Townsend, A.F., Noonan, G., Backman, C.L., Li, L.C., Feehan, L.M., Xie, H., Lu, N., Shaw, C.D., Gromala, D., Zhu, S., Aviña-Zubieta, J.A., Hoens, A.M., Koehn, C., Tam, J., Therrien, S., Townsend, A.F., Noonan, G., and Backman, C.L.

Abstract

Background: Current guidelines emphasize an active lifestyle in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but up to 90% of patients with OA are inactive. In a previous study, we demonstrated that an 8-week physiotherapist (PT)-led counseling intervention, with the use of a Fitbit, improved step count and quality of life in patients with knee OA, compared with a control. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of a 12-week, multifaceted wearable-based program on physical activity and patient outcomes in patients with knee OA. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial with a delay-control design. The immediate group (IG) received group education, a Fitbit, access to FitViz (a Fitbit-compatible app), and 4 biweekly phone calls from a PT over 8 weeks. Participants then continued using Fitbit and FitViz independently up to week 12. The delay group (DG) received a monthly electronic newsletter in weeks 1 to 12 and started the same intervention in week 14. Participants were assessed in weeks 13, 26, and 39. The primary outcome was time spent in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; in bouts ≥10 min) measured with a SenseWear Mini. Secondary outcomes included daily steps, time spent in purposeful activity and sedentary behavior, Knee Injury and OA Outcome Score, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Partners in Health Scale, Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire, and Self-Reported Habit Index. Results: We enrolled 51 participants (IG: n=26 and DG: n=25). Compared with the IG, the DG accumulated significantly more MVPA time at baseline. The adjusted mean difference in MVPA was 13.1 min per day (95% CI 1.6 to 24.5). A significant effect was also found in the adjusted mean difference in perceived sitting habit at work (0.7; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.2) and during leisure activities (0.7; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.2). No significant effect was found in the remaining secondary outcomes. Conclusions: A 12-week multifaceted program with the use of a wearable device, an ap

Published
2020

18. Der Philosoph als Imperator: Mark Aurel und das Militär

Author

Grieb, Volker, Koehn, Clemens, Grieb, V ( Volker ), Koehn, C ( Clemens ), Speidel, Michael Alexander, Grieb, Volker, Koehn, Clemens, Grieb, V ( Volker ), Koehn, C ( Clemens ), and Speidel, Michael Alexander

Published
2017

22. Cosmic rays as probes of atmospheric electric fields

Author

Scholten, O., Trinh, G. T. N., Schellart, P., Ebert, U., Rutjes, C., Nelles, A., Buitink, S., ter Veen, S., Horandel, J., Corstanje, A., Rachen, J. P., Thoudam, S., Falcke, H., Koehn, C. C., van den Berg, A. A. M., de Vries, K. K. D., Rossetto, L., and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 3304 Atmospheric electricity, 3324 Lightning, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Energetic cosmic rays impinging on the atmosphere create a particle avalanche called an extensive air shower. In the leading plasma of this shower electric currents are induced that generate radio waves which have been detected with LOFAR, a large and dense array of simple antennas primarily developed for radio-astronomy observations.LOFAR has observed air showers under fair-weather conditions as well as under atmospheric conditions where thunderstorms occur. For air showers under fair-weather conditions the intensity as well as the polarization of the radio emission can be understood rather accurately from the present models.For air showers measured under thunderstorm conditions we observe large differences in the intensity and polarization patterns from the fair weather models. We will show that the linear as well as the circular polarization of the radio waves carry clear information on the orientation of the electric fields at different heights in the thunderstorm clouds. We will show for the first time that the circular polarization of the radio waves tells about the change of orientation of the fields with altitude. We will show that from the measured data at LOFAR the thunderstorm electric fields can be reconstructed.We thus have established the measurement of radio emission from extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays as a new tool to probe the atmospheric electric fields present in thunderclouds in a non-intrusive way.

Published
2015

25. Determining atmospheric electric fields from the radio footprint of cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers as measured with LOFAR

Author

Ebert, U., Trinh, G. T. N., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Horandel, J., Koehn, C., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rutjes, C., Schellart, P., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES, 0399 General or miscellaneous, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 3304 Atmospheric electricity, 3324 Lightning, ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
Abstract

Energetic cosmic rays impinging on the atmosphere create a particle avalanche called extensive air shower. In the leading plasma of this shower, electric currents are induced that generate the emission of radio waves which have been detected with LOFAR (www.lofar.org), an array of a large number of simple antennas primarily developed for radio-astronomy observations. Events have been collected under fair-weather conditions as well as under atmospheric conditions where thunderstorms occur. Of the 196 radio pulses detected under fair weather conditions, the intensity as well as the polarization can be reproduced rather accurately for 192 events with the standard model [1] using a superposition of a geomagnetically-induced transverse current and charge excess contributions. This indicates that the emission process is well understood. However, for most of the events measured under thunderstorm conditions as well as for 4 fair weather events we observe large differences in intensity and polarization pattern from the fair weather model. For these events it is not possible to get a good fit of the measured intensity pattern. The dominant polarization direction differs from the expected v x B orientation. We show that this difference is a consequence of atmospheric electric fields. We also show that the effects of atmospheric electric fields are understood, and that from the cosmic-ray radio footprint the atmospheric electric field can be deduced. [1] P. Schellart et al., submitted for publication, [arXiv:1406.1355].

Published
2014

26. Physical activity and exercise interventions in the workplace impacting work outcomes: a stakeholder-centered best evidence synthesis of systematic reviews

Author

White, M. I., Dionne, C. E., Wärje, O., Koehoorn, M., Wagner, S. L., Schultz, I. Z., Koehn, C., Williams-Whitt, Kelly, Harder, H. G., Pasca, R., Hsu, V., McGuire, L., Schulz, W., Kube, D., Wright, M. D., White, M. I., Dionne, C. E., Wärje, O., Koehoorn, M., Wagner, S. L., Schultz, I. Z., Koehn, C., Williams-Whitt, Kelly, Harder, H. G., Pasca, R., Hsu, V., McGuire, L., Schulz, W., Kube, D., and Wright, M. D.

Abstract

Background: The prevention of work disability is beneficial to employees and employers,, and mitigates unnecessary societal costs associated with social welfare. Many service providers and employers have initiated workplace interventions designed to reduce unnecessary work disability. Objective: To conduct a best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews on workplace interventions that address physical activities or exercise and their impact on workplace absence, work productivity or financial outcomes. Methods: Using a participatory research approach, academics and stakeholders identified inclusion and exclusion criteria, built an abstraction table, evaluated systematic review quality and relevance, and interpreted the combined findings. A minimum of two scientists participated in a methodological review of the literature followed by a consensus process. Results: Stakeholders and researchers participated as a collaborative team. 3363 unique records were identified, 115 full text articles and 46 systematic reviews were included, 18 assessed the impact of physical fitness or exercise interventions. 11 focused on general workers rather than workers who were absent from work at baseline; 16 of the reviews assessed work absence, 4 assessed productivity and 6 assessed financial impacts. Conclusion: The strongest evidence supports the use of short, simple exercise or fitness programs for both workers at work and those absent from work at baseline. For workers at work, simple exercise programs (1–2 modal components) appear to provide similar benefits to those using more complex multimodal interventions. For workers off-work with subacute low back pain, there is evidence that some complex exercise programs may be more effective than simple exercise interventions, especially if they involve workplace stakeholder engagement, communication and coordination with employers and other stakeholders. The development and utilization of standardized definitions, methods and measures an

Published
2016

27. Mental health interventions in the workplace and work outcomes: a best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews

Author

Wagner, S. L., Koehn, C., White, M. I., Harder, H. G., Schultz, I. Z., Williams-Whitt, Kelly, Wärje, O., Dionne, C. E., Koehoorn, M., Pasca, R., Hsu, V., McGuire, L., Schulz, W., Kube, D., Wright, M. D., Wagner, S. L., Koehn, C., White, M. I., Harder, H. G., Schultz, I. Z., Williams-Whitt, Kelly, Wärje, O., Dionne, C. E., Koehoorn, M., Pasca, R., Hsu, V., McGuire, L., Schulz, W., Kube, D., and Wright, M. D.

Abstract

Background: Mental health issues in the workplace are a growing concern among organizations and policymakers, but it remains unclear what interventions are effective in preventing mental health problems and their associated organizational consequences. This synthesis reports on workplace mental health interventions that impact absenteeism, productivity and financial outcomes. Objective: To determine the level of evidence supporting mental health interventions as valuable to work outcomes. Methods: Databases were searched for systematic reviews between 2000 and 2012: Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and TRIP. Grey literature searches included health-evidence.ca, Rehab+, National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC), and Institute for Work and Health. The assessment of articles for inclusion criteria and methodological quality was conducted independently by two or more researchers, with differences resolved through consensus. Results: The search resulted in 3363 titles, of which 3248 were excluded following title/abstract review, with 115 articles retrieved for full-text review. 14 articles finally met the inclusion criteria and are summarized in this synthesis. Conclusion: There is moderate evidence for the effectiveness of workplace mental health interventions on improved workplace outcomes. Certain types of programs, such as those incorporating both mental and physical health interventions, multicomponent mental health and/or psychosocial interventions, and exposure in vivo containing interventions for particular anxiety disorders had a greater level of research evidence to support their effectiveness.

Published
2016

29. Physical Activity and Exercise Interventions in the Workplace Impacting Work Outcomes: A Stakeholder-Centered Best Evidence Synthesis of Systematic Reviews

Author

White, MI, primary, Dionne, CE, additional, Wärje, O, additional, Koehoorn, M, additional, Wagner, SL, additional, Schultz, IZ, additional, Koehn, C, additional, Williams-Whitt, K, additional, Harder, HG, additional, Pasca, R, additional, Hsu, V, additional, McGuire, L, additional, Schulz, W, additional, Kube, D, additional, and Wright, MD, additional

Published
2016
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30. Mental Health Interventions in the Workplace and Work Outcomes: A Best-Evidence Synthesis of SystematicReviews

Author

Wagner, SL, primary, Koehn, C, additional, White, MI, additional, Harder, HG, additional, Schultz, IZ, additional, Williams-Whitt, K, additional, Wärje, O, additional, Dionne, CE, additional, Koehoorn, M, additional, Pasca, R, additional, Hsu, V, additional, McGuire, L, additional, Schulz, W, additional, Kube, D, additional, and Wright, MD, additional

Published
2016
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31. Job demand and control interventions: a stakeholder-centered best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews on workplace disability

Author

Williams-Whitt, Kelly, White, M. I., Wagner, S. L., Schultz, I. Z., Koehn, C., Dionne, C. E., Koehoorn, M., Harder, H., Pasca, R., Wärje, O., Hsu, V., McGuire, L., Schulz, W., Kube, D., Hook, A., Wright, M. D., Williams-Whitt, Kelly, White, M. I., Wagner, S. L., Schultz, I. Z., Koehn, C., Dionne, C. E., Koehoorn, M., Harder, H., Pasca, R., Wärje, O., Hsu, V., McGuire, L., Schulz, W., Kube, D., Hook, A., and Wright, M. D.

Abstract

Background: Physical and psychological job demands in combination with the degree of control a worker has over task completion, play an important role in reducing stress. Occupational stress is an important, modifiable factor affecting work disability. However, the effectiveness of reducing job demands or increasing job control remains unclear, particularly for outcomes of interest to employers, such as absenteeism or productivity. Objective: This systematic review reports on job demand and control interventions that impact absenteeism, productivity and financial outcomes. Methods: A stakeholder-centered best-evidence synthesis was conducted with researcher and stakeholder collaboration throughout. Databases and grey literature were searched for systematic reviews between 2000 and 2012: Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, TRIP, health-evidence.ca, Rehab+, National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC), and Institute for Work and Health. Articles were assessed independently by two researchers for inclusion criteria and methodological quality. Differences were resolved through consensus. Results: The search resulted in 3363 unique titles. After review of abstracts, 115 articles were retained for full-text review. 11 articles finally met the inclusion criteria and are summarized in this synthesis. The best level of evidence we found indicates that multimodal job demand reductions for either at-work or off-work workers will reduce disability-related absenteeism. Conclusion: In general, the impacts of interventions that aim to reduce job demands or increase job control can be positive for the organization in terms of reducing absenteeism, increasing productivity and cost-effectiveness. However, more high quality research is needed to further assess the relationships and quantify effect sizes for the interventions and outcomes reviewed in this study.

Published
2015

32. Social support and supervisory quality interventions in the workplace: a stakeholder-centered best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews on work outcomes

Author

Wagner, S. L., White, M. I., Schultz, I. Z., Williams-Whitt, Kelly, Koehn, C., Dionne, C. E., Koehoorn, M., Harder, H. G., Pasca, R., Wärje, O., Hsu, V., McGuire, L., Lama, I., Schulz, W., Kube, D., Wright, M. D., Wagner, S. L., White, M. I., Schultz, I. Z., Williams-Whitt, Kelly, Koehn, C., Dionne, C. E., Koehoorn, M., Harder, H. G., Pasca, R., Wärje, O., Hsu, V., McGuire, L., Lama, I., Schulz, W., Kube, D., and Wright, M. D.

Abstract

Background: There is controversy surrounding the impact of workplace interventions aimed at improving social support and supervisory quality on absenteeism, productivity and financial outcomes. Objective: To determine the value of social support interventions for work outcomes. Methods: Databases were searched for systematic reviews between 2000 and 2012 to complete a synthesis of systematic reviews guided by the PRISMA statement and the IOM guidelines for systematic reviews. Assessment of articles for inclusion and methodological quality was conducted independently by at least two researchers, with differences resolved by consensus. Results: The search resulted in 3363 titles of which 3248 were excluded following title/ abstract review, leaving 115 articles that were retrieved and underwent full article review. 10 articles met the set inclusion criteria, with 7 focusing on social support, 2 on supervisory quality and 1 on both. We found moderate and limited evidence, respectively, that social support and supervisory quality interventions positively impact workplace outcomes. Conclusion: There is moderate evidence that social support and limited evidence that supervisory quality interventions have a positive effect on work outcomes.

Published
2015

33. Probing atmospheric electric fields in thunderstorms through radio emission from cosmic-ray-induced air showers

Author

Schellart, P, Trinh, T. N. G., Buitink, S, Corstanje, Arthur, Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H, Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A, Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L, Scholten, O, Ter Veen, Sander, Thoudam, Satyendra, Ebert, U, Koehn, C, Rutjes, C, Alexov, A., Anderson, J M, Avruch, Ian M., Bentum, M J, Bernardi, G, Best, Phillip, Bonafede, A, Breitling, F, Broderick, J, Bruggen, M, Butcher, Harvey, Ciardi, Benedetta, de Geus, Eugene, de Vos, Marco, Duscha, S, Eisloffel, Jochen, Hoeft, M, Holties, H. A, Juette, E, Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M, Kuper, G., Mann, Gottfried, McFadden, R, McKay-Bukowski, D, McKean, J P, Mevius, Maaijke, Moldon, J, Norden, M J, Orru, Emanuela, Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, Mamta, Pizzo, R, Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W, Rottgering, Hubb, Scaife, Anna, Schwarz, Dominik, Serylak, M, Smirnov, O, Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J, Tagger, Michel, Tasse, C, van Weeren, Reinout J., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R.C., Vocks, Christian, Wise, Michael W, Wucknitz, O, Zarka, P, Schellart, P, Trinh, T. N. G., Buitink, S, Corstanje, Arthur, Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H, Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A, Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L, Scholten, O, Ter Veen, Sander, Thoudam, Satyendra, Ebert, U, Koehn, C, Rutjes, C, Alexov, A., Anderson, J M, Avruch, Ian M., Bentum, M J, Bernardi, G, Best, Phillip, Bonafede, A, Breitling, F, Broderick, J, Bruggen, M, Butcher, Harvey, Ciardi, Benedetta, de Geus, Eugene, de Vos, Marco, Duscha, S, Eisloffel, Jochen, Hoeft, M, Holties, H. A, Juette, E, Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M, Kuper, G., Mann, Gottfried, McFadden, R, McKay-Bukowski, D, McKean, J P, Mevius, Maaijke, Moldon, J, Norden, M J, Orru, Emanuela, Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, Mamta, Pizzo, R, Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W, Rottgering, Hubb, Scaife, Anna, Schwarz, Dominik, Serylak, M, Smirnov, O, Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J, Tagger, Michel, Tasse, C, van Weeren, Reinout J., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R.C., Vocks, Christian, Wise, Michael W, Wucknitz, O, and Zarka, P

Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields.

Published
2015

35. Hydrogen sulfide: potent regulator of vascular tone and stimulator of angiogenesis

Author

Koehn, C., Dubrovska, G., Huang, Y., and Gollasch, M.

Subjects
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide is the "third" gasotransmitter on the rise in cardiovascular research. Recent studies show that hydrogen sulfide has a great potential in the regulation of vascular tone of systemic arteries and many molecular targets are discussed. However, the complex mechanism of vascular tone regulation by hydrogen sulfide is only incompletely understood. It seems that a potent interaction of hydrogen sulfide with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) becomes important in angiogenesis, in the process of wound healing, but also in tumor angiogenesis. Hydrogen sulfide exerts anti-inflammatory effects and it could be a pharmacological target in vascular dysfunction in association with obesity-related hypertension as well as in tumor development and progression. However, the underlying molecular pathways still need to be revealed. This review primarily focuses on the regulatory role of hydrogen sulfide in controlling vascular tone. We attempt to provide recent insights into mechanisms by which CSE-dependent hydrogen sulfide plays a role in the regulation of vascular tone by perivascular adipose tissue. The role of KCNQ channels and other ionic permeation pathways as key targets will be discussed. Recent findings which are summarized in this paper provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide that are crucial for understanding vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and possibly angiogenesis. Future research will be extended to investigate the therapeutic potential of hydrogen sulfide and their targets such as KCNQ channels in cardiovascular diseases, angiogenesis and tumor genesis.

Published
2012

36. Social Support and Supervisory Quality Interventions in the Workplace: A Stakeholder-Centered Best-Evidence Synthesis of Systematic Reviews on Work Outcomes

Author

Wagner, SL, primary, White, MI, additional, Schultz, IZ, additional, Williams-Whitt, K, additional, Koehn, C, additional, Dionne, CE, additional, Koehoorn, M, additional, Harder, HG, additional, Pasca, R, additional, Wärje, O, additional, Hsu, V, additional, McGuire, L, additional, Lama, I, additional, Schulz, W, additional, Kube, D, additional, and Wright, MD, additional

Published
2015
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37. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers

Author

Schellart, P., primary, Trinh, T. N. G., additional, Buitink, S., additional, Corstanje, A., additional, Enriquez, J. E., additional, Falcke, H., additional, Hörandel, J. R., additional, Nelles, A., additional, Rachen, J. P., additional, Rossetto, L., additional, Scholten, O., additional, ter Veen, S., additional, Thoudam, S., additional, Ebert, U., additional, Koehn, C., additional, Rutjes, C., additional, Alexov, A., additional, Anderson, J. M., additional, Avruch, I. M., additional, Bentum, M. J., additional, Bernardi, G., additional, Best, P., additional, Bonafede, A., additional, Breitling, F., additional, Broderick, J. W., additional, Brüggen, M., additional, Butcher, H. R., additional, Ciardi, B., additional, de Geus, E., additional, de Vos, M., additional, Duscha, S., additional, Eislöffel, J., additional, Fallows, R. A., additional, Frieswijk, W., additional, Garrett, M. A., additional, Grießmeier, J., additional, Gunst, A. W., additional, Heald, G., additional, Hessels, J. W. T., additional, Hoeft, M., additional, Holties, H. A., additional, Juette, E., additional, Kondratiev, V. I., additional, Kuniyoshi, M., additional, Kuper, G., additional, Mann, G., additional, McFadden, R., additional, McKay-Bukowski, D., additional, McKean, J. P., additional, Mevius, M., additional, Moldon, J., additional, Norden, M. J., additional, Orru, E., additional, Paas, H., additional, Pandey-Pommier, M., additional, Pizzo, R., additional, Polatidis, A. G., additional, Reich, W., additional, Röttgering, H., additional, Scaife, A. M. M., additional, Schwarz, D. J., additional, Serylak, M., additional, Smirnov, O., additional, Steinmetz, M., additional, Swinbank, J., additional, Tagger, M., additional, Tasse, C., additional, Toribio, M. C., additional, van Weeren, R. J., additional, Vermeulen, R., additional, Vocks, C., additional, Wise, M. W., additional, Wucknitz, O., additional, and Zarka, P., additional

Published
2015
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38. Job Demand and Control Interventions: A Stakeholder-Centered Best-Evidence Synthesis of Systematic Reviews on Workplace Disability

Author

Williams-Whitt, K, primary, White, MI, additional, Wagner, SL, additional, Schultz, IZ, additional, Koehn, C, additional, Dionne, CE, additional, Koehoorn, M, additional, Harder, H, additional, Pasca, R, additional, Warje, O, additional, Hsu, V, additional, McGuire, L, additional, Schulz, W, additional, Kube, D, additional, Hook, A, additional, and Wright, MD, additional

Published
2015
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46. LETTERS.

Author

Fox, Anne C., Koehn, C. Campbell, Stone, Brinton H., Durrant, W. S., Brockbank, Jack R., Benson, E. T., Cole, Galloway, Burgon, John, Greenman, Frederick F., Madson, Norman, Glasscock, James W., Armstrong, Glenn, Holder, John, Baars, C. W., Lapin, Howard, Stoliar, S. E., and Taylor, B. A.

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *ANIMAL stories, *AGRICULTURAL policy, *EPILEPSY, *BRAIN diseases
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to the articles in previous issues including "The Terrible Descent," by Roderik Lull in the April 4, 1953 issue, "Elder Benson's Going to Catch It!" by Harold H. Martin in the March 28, 1953 issue, and "No Wonder Epileptics Are Bitter," by Steven M. Spencer in the March 28, 1953 issue.

Published
1953

47. Non-Identity of Vitamin B2and Flavines

Author

ELVEHJEM, C. A. and KOEHN, C. J.

Abstract

DURING the past two years, we have been working on the isolation of vitamin B2, using the chick for assay work. Only those fractions which had the power of preventing pellagra and allowing normal growth in chicks on the vitamin B2low ration described by Kline, Keenan, Elvehjem and Hart1were considered to be potent in vitamin B2. All our results point to the fact that vitamin B2and flavine are not identical.

Published
1934
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48. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers

Author

A. Alexov, M. Serylak, M. A. Garrett, E. Juette, B. Ciardi, C. Tasse, C. Koehn, M. Kuniyoshi, Dominik J. Schwarz, M. C. Toribio, A. Nelles, F. Breitling, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, John McKean, John D. Swinbank, Jochen Eislöffel, W. Reich, J. Moldon, Maaijke Mevius, Marcus Brüggen, Casper Rutjes, R. J. van Weeren, Emanuela Orrú, J. W. Broderick, A. G. Polatidis, Rebecca McFadden, D. McKay-Bukowski, E. de Geus, Heino Falcke, M. J. Norden, V. I. Kondratiev, Harvey Butcher, M. Pandey-Pommier, Philip Best, Pim Schellart, Jason W. T. Hessels, Philippe Zarka, S. Duscha, Richard Fallows, Arthur Corstanje, Matthias Steinmetz, H. Paas, Ute Ebert, G. Kuper, Olaf Scholten, H. J. A. Röttgering, Oleg Smirnov, R. Vermeulen, Annalisa Bonafede, Mark J. Bentum, Michel Tagger, Michael W. Wise, Jörg P. Rachen, Gianni Bernardi, Jörg R. Hörandel, H. A. Holties, Olaf Wucknitz, T. N. G. Trinh, J. E. Enriquez, S. ter Veen, A. W. Gunst, M. de Vos, I. M. Avruch, Laura Rossetto, James M. Anderson, Gottfried Mann, Stijn Buitink, Roberto Pizzo, Wilfred Frieswijk, Christian Vocks, Satyendra Thoudam, Anna M. M. Scaife, Matthias Hoeft, George Heald, Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen [Groningen], Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), National Institute for Subatomic Physics [Amsterdam] (NIKHEF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, University of Hamburg, Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Oxford Astrophysics, University of Oxford, University of Southampton, Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra] (RSAA), Australian National University (ANU), Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), University of Oulu, Center for Information Technology CIT, Université de Groningen, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, SKA South Africa, Ska South Africa, Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOVA, SNN and FOM as well as from NWO, VENI Grant No. 639-041-130, European Project: 227610,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2008-AdG,LOFAR-AUGER(2009), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Schellart, P., Trinh, T.N.G., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J.E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J.R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J.P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., Ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Ebert, U., Koehn, C., Rutjes, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J.M., Avruch, I.M., Bentum, M.J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J.W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H.R., Ciardi, B., De Geus, E., De Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R.A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M.A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A.W., Heald, G., Hessels, J.W.T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H.A., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V.I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J.P., Mevius, M., Moldon, J., Norden, M.J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A.G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A.M.M., Schwarz, D.J., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tasse, C., Toribio, M.C., Van Weeren, R.J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wise, M.W., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, Center for Wireless Technology Eindhoven, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Elementary Particle Physics, Multiscale Dynamics, Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, Universität Bielefeld, ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, and NLD

Subjects
Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particles, Physics and Astronomy (all), cosmic rays, IR-99169, Atmospheric electricity lightning, Electric field, Extensive air showers, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), METIS-315601, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astroparticle physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, EWI-26542, LOFAR, Polarization (waves), SIMULATIONS, COREAS, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, Thunderstorm, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ARRAY, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields., 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2015

49. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Experiences and Preferences in Accessing Healthcare Across Five Countries.

Author

Saraux A, da Mota LMH, Dixit S, Gibofsky A, Matsubara T, Mulvey A, Koehn C, Mortezavi M, Segovia M, and Kessouri M

Abstract

Introduction: The global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created many challenges in healthcare provision. This study aimed to evaluate the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)., Methods: The RA Narrative COVID-19 survey was conducted online among people with RA who resided in Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, and the US from August to September 2021. The survey examined disease management, healthcare access and experiences, and participant preferences for interactions with their doctor., Results: Overall, 500 participants completed the survey: 100 each resided in Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, and the US. Emotional well-being was the aspect of disease management most reported to be negatively impacted by the pandemic (55% of participants); 'having more anxiety and/or stress' during the pandemic was the top factor that made controlling RA symptoms more difficult (49% of participants). In comparison, the top factor that made controlling RA symptoms easier was 'having a less busy schedule' (35% of participants). More participants had virtual appointments during versus pre-pandemic (53% vs. 13%, respectively) and participants were equally satisfied with the overall quality of care received via virtual and in-person appointments (76% of participants were 'satisfied' or 'very satisfied' with both). However, participants generally preferred in-person over virtual appointments, except for prescription refills, for which preferences were similar (39% vs. 36%, respectively)., Conclusions: This survey suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic did negatively impact some aspects of disease management for people living with RA but had positive impacts on the utilization of virtual care. Although participants generally preferred in-person appointments, these results position virtual care as an appropriate means for routine follow-ups., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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50. Rheumatoid Arthritis Care Experiences of Black People Living in Canada: A Qualitative Study to Inform Health Service Improvements.

Author

Thomas M, Barnabe C, Kleissen T, Lacaille D, Hazlewood G, Fifi-Mah A, Hassen N, Henry R, Kuluva M, English K, Koehn C, Lane T, and Johnson N

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Health Services, Health Services Accessibility, Qualitative Research, Canada, Arthritis, Rheumatoid diagnosis, Arthritis, Rheumatoid therapy, Black People
Abstract

Objective: To understand experiences related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) care and propose service-level strategies to reduce and mitigate inequities for Black people living in Canada., Methods: Purposive and respondent driven sampling was used to recruit participants for qualitative interviews to explore population factors relevant to RA care and challenges and facilitators for access to health care services, medications, and enacting preferred treatment plans. Thematic analysis was conducted using the Braun and Clarke method with inductive and deductive coding and critical race theory guiding analysis., Results: Six women and two men with RA, and two women health care professionals, expressed how their racial identity contributed to their understanding of RA, preferences for treatment, and outcome goals. Health care access was influenced by financial limitations and racism, by exclusion, and discrimination, and also by cultural norms in seeking health care and awareness about RA within the Black community. Participants experienced health system fragmentation and were not connected to ancillary supports. Treatment decision-making was influenced by the legacy of oppression and medical experimentation on Black people and the predominance of biomedical approaches emphasized by health care providers. Holistic and cultural approaches, provided in safe, trauma-informed care environments, with flexibility in service models, are desired. Partnerships between arthritis care services and Black community organizations are proposed to promote community awareness and knowledge about arthritis and provide support mechanisms for patients within their community., Conclusion: Our study highlights unique considerations based on race and ethnicity and provides suggestions for arthritis care to mitigate inequities for Black people living with arthritis., (© 2023 The Authors. Arthritis Care & Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.)

Published
2024
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