Search

Objectives: Livestock production systems in Togo are still dependent on availability of natural vegetation for livestock feed. The present study aims at characterizing grazed vegetation of the Plateau Region. More specifically, the aim is to inventory forage species and analyze their diversity. Methodology: In order to characterize the grazed plant communities of the zone, phytosociological surveys were carried out at six sites, namely: Nyidové and Djamakondji (Agou), Dalia (Haho), Tchella (Ogou), Onè (Amou) and Mempeassem (Danyi). A total of 140 plots (10mx10m), twenty per site, were installed and investigated using the Braun-Blanquet method. Ecological parameters (bush fires, grazing, biomass removal, etc.) are the main factors responsible for the loss of forage diversity and degradation of plant cover on the sites. Abstract: A total of 87 species were inventoried, mainly in the families Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae. Among the species identified, the most palatable are Panicum maximum (Poaceae), Centrosema pubescens (Fabaceae) and Sporobolus pyramidalis (Poaceae).The palatability index of available vegetation varies from site to site. It is low (IS

The increase in the urban population and the high concentration of many anthropogenic activities in certain regions of the world lead to atmospheric disturbances. The excess concentration of several chemical elements leads to air pollution. In order to identify the types of air pollutants, a study was carried out in the city of Lome, the capital of Togo. The objective of this study is to achieve a better knowledge of the types of air pollutants in the city of Lome. The identification of the various atmospheric pollutants linked to the sources of pollution was made using micro-sensors. The standardized method was used to access target gas concentration levels. The average concentrations of NO2 gaseous pollutants at landfills are on average 0.333 μg/m3; 0.403 mg/m3 at the industrial level, at the transport level they are on average 0.434 mg/m3 for the morning and 0.457 mg/m3 for the evening. Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) are higher in industrial areas than in others sources of pollution. The average concentration measured at this level is 1632.79 mg/m3. In terms of road transport, in the mornings the average concentration is 1493.23 mg/m3, in the evening the average concentration is 1354.09 mg/m3. On the other hand, they are lower at the level of the landfills, the average of which is 1265.08 ppm. The highest SO2 concentrations are also observed only in the landfills of Port 1 and Be_Kpota 2 with concentrations respectively and relatively low and equal to 0.081 mg/m3 and 0.1616 mg/m3. The concentration of ground-level ozone is zero in industries and landfills. On the other hand, at the level of road transport, some values were recorded at the level of two road transports. These are Carrefour Attikoume Djidjole (17.03 mg/m3) and Carrefour 2 Lions (0.001 mg/m3). The concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) in the capital at the industrial level are on average 22.57 mg/m3; at landfills it is on average 0.24 mg/m3. In terms of road transport, they are on average 7.890 mg/m3 for the morning and 8.23 mg/m3 for the evening. These results constitute a database for biomonitoring.

Air quality has been a major health issue in urban areas in recent decades. Human activities release a large number of pollutants into the atmosphere which has a direct impact on plant health and leads to ecosystem degradation. The objective of this study is to contribute to a better evaluation of the impact of the air quality of the city of Togo on biological resources. The determination of pollutants was done on samples of plant species with a strong link with the source of pollution. The determination of Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was done by the ripper method. The determination of carbon and estimation of CO2 and CO by the colorimetric method. The determination of nitrogen was done by the Kjeldhal method. The results showed that at the industrial level the amount of CO2 in Alternanthera repens is high with a value of 53.3911 mg/ml. On the other hand, the quantity of CO in Senna occidentalis is 44.3619 mg/ml. In Pithecellobium dulce, the quantity of SO2 and NO2 are evaluated respectively to 0.1588 mg/ml and 0.3696 mg/ml. Regarding to the dumps, the quantity of CO2 in Newbouldia laevis is very high with a value of 65.8508 mg/ml. On the other hand the amount of CO in Senna occidentalis is 51.6106 mg/ml. The quantity of SO2 in Newbouldia laevis is 0.2101 mg/ml and NO2 in Ocimum canum is 0.2744 mg/ml. At the level of roads, the quantities of CO2 and CO in Eragrostis tenella are very high with values respectively equal to 74.4092 mg/ml and 62.2654 mg/ml. On the other hand, the amount of NO2 in Amaranthus sp is 0.2304 mg/ml and that of SO2 in Eragrostis Tenella is 0.1691 mg/ml. The use of a plant bioindicator sensitive to pollutants, allowed concluding that the air of the city of Lome is polluted. The concentration of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is much more evident in return when the health of plant species is threatened.

L'elevage contribue a l'economie des populations locales dans les pays en developpement, mais reste tributaire de la disponibilite de la vegetation naturelle. Le but de cette etude est de caracteriser les formations vegetales pâturees (FVP) du bassin Mono. Un total de 63 parcelles d'echantillonnage realisees dans les communautes vegetales de la zone ont permis de recenser 311 especes reparties dans 58 familles et 204 genres. Cinq (05) types de pâturages discrimines sont faconnes par 22 determinants (topo-edaphiques, anthropogeniques et environnementaux). Le pâturage a Lonchocarpus sericeus et Diheteropogon amplectens (H '= 5,99) a l'indice de Shannon le plus eleve tandis que Mitragyna inermis et Cynodon dactylon pâturent l'indice le plus bas (1,51). Les groupes vegetaux etudies sont domines par les phanerophytes (43%) et les therophytes (34%). La flore fourragere est dominee par des graminees annuelles (37%), des graminees perennes (23%) et des graminees vivaces (12%). Les graminees moyennes et les legumineuses pauvres constituent la majeure partie de la flore fourragere de la zone. La regeneration naturelle des ligneux dans les aires de pâture est faible et est due aux impacts des determinants ecologiques et topo-edaphiques. Cette etude servira d'outil d'evaluation et de suivi de la biomasse des FVP dans ces ecosystemes. Mots cles : Biomasse, diversite, paysages pastoraux, caracterisation, regeneration, Togo.