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1. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author

Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thi Thu Bui H., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Thi Thu Bui H.

Abstract

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation.

Published
2023

2. Religie as vormgewende faktor van onderwys in die BRICS-lande.

Author

DE KOCK, F. J., WOLHUTER, C. C., DE BEER, L., and POTGIETER, F. J.

Abstract

Education systems are shaped by various internal and external contextual forces (De Beer, 2017). External contextual trends typically include language, demography, geography, technology, politics, and financial and economic trends. Religion represents one of these external contextual trends that can affect an education system (see Van der Walt, Potgieter & Wolhuter, 2010; Wolhuter & Van der Walt, 2018). Making use of established metableti-ccomparative methodology, this article seeks to highlight the impact of religion as a formative factor of education in the BRICS countries. Religion is treated significantly differently in the education systems of the BRICS member states. In schools in India and China, no religious activities are allowed in accordance with the respective constitutions, while any religious activities may take place in schools in Brazil, Russia and South Africa, provided that the activities comply with particular guidelines. Broadly considered, any religious activities are conducted in primary schools in Brazil, provided that attendance is voluntary. Religion in Brazilian schools is influenced by the strong position of the Roman Catholic faith in Brazilian society, which could potentially be detrimental to minority groups in Brazil (Senefonte, 2018:440). Learners in Russia, according to Russian law, are free to choose for themselves the religious module in which they wish to receive education. Schools in Russia do not, however, always implement this legislation correctly, since a school's resources actually determine which module the learners should take. The manner in which religion is being dealt with, causes unhappiness among learners and parents as they do not really have freedom of choice regarding the religious module in which they wish to receive instruction (Zöllner, 2016). The legislation in China clearly states that no religious activities may take place in public schools, yet the ruling party of China intends to enshrine tenets of atheism in learners in schools (Vickers, 2022; Wang & Froese, 2020). Compared to the other BRICS member states, China has the most officially, constitutionally recognised ethnic groups. In terms of legislation and policy formulations, the ethnic minority groups obtain various benefi s in terms of education. The wide variety of ethnic groupings poses various challenges to the government of China as the views of all these groups in the education system have to be taken into account. Various documents, including the South African Schools Act 76 of 1996, and other education policies provide clear guidelines as to how religion ought to be dealt with in South African schools. In South Africa, learners are taught various major deities worldwide. All learners in South Africa are exposed to the concept of religion through the subject Life Orientation (Grades 7-12). Teachers in South Africa face the challenge of respecting all kinds of religions and not preaching their own views on a religion. This challenge of respecting all religions can result in confl ict in schools, as learners may feel that they will be discriminated against if one type of religion is singled out, for example during assembly. This underscores the role and value of South African teachers in inculcating citizenship values (see Wolhuter, Janmaat, Van der Walt & Potgieter, 2020). The Government of India faces opposition from minority groups with regard to religion in schools as the socio-political hegemony religion is especially preferred in terms of the drafting of academic textbooks (Traub, 2018). This preferential treatment of a particular religion is contrary to the Indian constitution, as no single religion may be singled out, nor should any religion be discriminated against (Majumdar, 2018). The preference given to a particular religion in textbooks can result in a negative impact on the education system of India. The analysis and interpretation show that there is still a close relationship between religion and education in the BRICS countries. However, all five BRICS member states face different problems regarding religion and each of the five member states also deals with its problems differently. This conclusion is now unpacked in this summary, and in detail defended in the ensuing full text. In terms of dealing with religion, South Africa appears to be more tolerant than Brazil, Russia, India and China, although this tolerance still causes more problems for the South African government, in the sense of opposition from various adherents of a wide variety of faith groupings who would like schools to play a role in strengthening the religious beliefs of their children. Several court cases have been fought in South Africa as schools struggle to accommodate the wishes of all religious groups in South Africa (see Nthontho, 2020). In contrast to forces in all the BRICS countries trying to separate religion and (public) education, the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, the proto-charter of Human Rights Charters in the contemporary world, Article 26 states that everyone has the right to education, education should be oriented towards the total development of the child's personality, and that parents have a preferential right to decide on the type of education their children should receive. The BRICS member states can learn from each other how to deal with religion in schools, even though none have yet managed to deal satisfactorily with religion in education. The common factor among all five BRICS countries is that religion is used again and again (consciously or unconsciously) to reinforce political or ideological hegemony. It seems that the shortcoming in all these countries is pointing to a lack of recognition of the place and role of religion in the lives of their citizens and that secular-political objectives, notably the forcing of official ideological hegemony, as well as the achievement of national unity above the full recognition of religious freedom, are also stated in the education system and in citizens' choice of the kind of religious education of their children. As a result, the role of religion in creating a strong moral fibre for a society therefore never seems to come into its own. Moreover, judging by the United Nations Charter's Human Rights provisions on education, educative education (incl. teaching and learning), in accordance with its full scope of semantic value, does not currently come into its own. The same seems to be the case as regards the human right to parental advocacy with respect to religious education. The experience of the BRICS countries in terms of religion-in-education shows that it is sensible and even necessary, for example, along the path of enlarged parental speech in education and school autonomy, to allow more room for religious freedom in education. The BRICS countries are currently being proposed as the leading grouping of the Global South in a new formative world order. Against this background, current trends regarding religion-in-education in these countries therefore probably represent a bold example. However, it should nonetheless be denounced by the academic community and better examples should subsequently be extracted and presented from other national education systems from future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

Author

Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thu Bui H. T., Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Thu Bui H. T.

Abstract

Objective: The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method: Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. Results: Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions: While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.

Published
2021

6. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author

Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Bui H. T. T.

Abstract

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Published
2020

7. Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 countries

Author

Lee, D, Gardiner, G, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Das, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Lee, D, Gardiner, G, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Das, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., and Stocks E.

Abstract

Objective: The current study seeks to replicate and extend principal findings reported in The World at 7:00, a project that examined the psychological experience of situations in 20 countries. Method: Data were collected from participants in 62 countries (N = 15,318), recruited from universities by local collaborators to complete the study via a custom-built website using 42 languages. Results: Several findings of the previous study were replicated. The average reported situational experience around the world was mildly positive. The same countries tended to be most alike in reported situational experience (r =.60) across the two studies, among the countries included in both. As in the previous study, the homogeneity of reported situational experience was significantly greater within than between countries, although the difference was small. The previously reported exploratory finding that negative aspects of situations varied more across countries than positive aspects did not replicate. Correlations between aspects of reported situational experience and country-level average value scores, personality, and demographic variables were largely similar between the two studies. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural situational research and the need to replicate its results, and highlight the complex interplay of culture and situational experience.

Published
2020

8. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author

Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, University of Southern California (USC), Department of Psychology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ha, Shang E, İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Karakus Akalin, Pelin, Gardiner, Gwendolyn [0000-0001-8118-9164], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Baranski, E., Funder, D., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., De Fruyt, F., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Gonzalez, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrebickova, M., Graf, S., Strobak, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdi, V. L., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klava, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Espinosa, A., Gastardo-Conaco, M. C., Quinones, D. M. A., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Colovic, P., Smederevac, S., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., De Kock, F., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O'Donnell, A. K., Buhler, J. L., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Rentfrow, J., Conner, M., Tullett, A., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., Stocks, E., and Bui, H. T. T.

Subjects
Male, Internationality, Social connectedness, Happiness, Emotions, Culture, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, Geographical locations, Theoretical, ddc:150, Sociology, Japan, Models, Schema (psychology), Psychology, Sociocultural evolution, media_common, Members of the International Situations Project, Harmony (color), Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Europe, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Medicine, Female, Social psychology, Human, Research Article, China, Asia, General Science & Technology, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Reproducibility of Result, Happine, Interpersonal communication, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cross-cultural, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, cross-cultural, happiness, personality, Reproducibility of Results, Biology and Life Sciences, Models, Theoretical, United States, North America, Emic and etic, People and places
Abstract

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emic-etic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country’s “WEIRD-ness.” Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is “WEIRD-er” than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Published
2020

10. Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 Countries

Author

Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., González R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Ž., Hrebícková M., Graf S., Strøbæk P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun Á., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramírez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klæva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quiñones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O’Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Bühler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Lee, D. I., Gardiner, G., Baranski, E., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Jerneic, Ž., Hrebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdia, V. L., Rauthmann, J., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, Á., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Das, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Komiya, A., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Aken, M. V., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Rizwan, M., Espinosa, A., Conaco, M. C. G., Quiñones, D. M. A., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Szarota, P., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Smederevac, S., Colovic, P., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., Kock, F. D., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O’Donnell, A. K., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Bühler, J. L., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W. -F., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, S. A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Conner, M., Rentfrow, J., Tullett, A., Sauerberger, K., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., and Stocks, E.

Published
2020

11. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

Author

Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thu Bui H. T., University of Zurich, Baranski, Erica, Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, University of Houston, Department of Psychology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Baranski, E., Sweeny, K., Gardiner, G., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Gonzalez, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Jerneic, Z., Hrebickova, M., Graf, S., Strobaek, P., Realo, A., Becker, A., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdia, V. L., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Buchtel, E., Wai-Lan Yeung, V., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Das, A., Lavalekar, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Mastor, K., Kruse, E., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Aken, M. V., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klaeva, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Espinosa, A., Cecilia, M. G. -C. C., Quinones, D. M. A., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Smederevac, S., Colovic, P., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., Kock, F. D., Han, G., Suh, E. M. M., Choi, S., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Rentfrow, J., Conner, M., Tullett, A., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., Stocks, E., Thu Bui, H. T., Members of the International Situations Project, and Realo, Anu

Subjects
Adult, Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Well-being, Exploratory research, BF, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Affect (psychology), Gross domestic product, Dispositional optimism, Young Adult, Optimism, cross-cultural, Economic inequality, ddc:150, well-being, Per capita, Personality, Humans, Psychology, Formerly Health & Social Sciences, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 10. No inequality, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Members of the International Situations Project, 3207 Social Psychology, 10093 Institute of Psychology, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, dispositional optimism, Cross-cultural, 16. Peace & justice, 8. Economic growth, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Female, Cognitive Sciences, 150 Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

Author(s): Baranski, Erica; Sweeny, Kate; Gardiner, Gwendolyn; Members of the International Situations Project; Funder, David C | Abstract: ObjectiveThe current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world.MethodDispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (Nn=n15,185; mean agen=n21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables.ResultsWorldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances.ConclusionsWhile individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.

Published
2021

12. The Production of Biologically Active Eicosanoids by Yeasts

Author

Lodewyk, J., Kock, F., Venter, Pierre, Botha, Alfred, Coetzee, Dennis J., Botes, Piet J., Nigam, Santosh, Sinzinger, Helmut, editor, Samuelsson, Bengt, editor, Vane, John R., editor, Paoletti, Rodolfo, editor, Ramwell, Peter, editor, and Wong, Patrick Y.-K., editor

Published
1997
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18. Research Article Multivariate characterization and canonical interrelations for the productive performance of open pollinated corn genotypes

Author

Troyjack, C., primary, Pimentel, J.R., additional, Carvalho, I.R., additional, Szareski, V.J., additional, Junior, G.T., additional, Dubal, Í.T.P., additional, Demari, G.H., additional, Jaques, L.B.A., additional, Kock, F., additional, Delagostin, S.M., additional, Lautenchleger, F., additional, Villela, F.A., additional, Aumonde, T.Z., additional, and Pedó, T., additional

Published
2019
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20. Comparisons of Daily Behavior Across 21 Countries

Author

Baranski, E. N., Gardiner, G., Guillaume, E., Aveyard, M., Bastian, B., Bronin, I., Ivanova, C., Cheng, J. T., Kock, F. S., Denissen, J. J. A., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Halama, P., Han, G. Q., Bae, J., Moon, J., Hong, R. Y., Hřebíčková, M., Graf, S., Izdebski, P., Lundmann, L., Penke, L., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Rauthmann, J., Ziegler, M., Realo, A., Elme, L., Sato, T., Kawamoto, S., Szarota, P., Tracy, J. L., Aken, M. A. G., Yang, Y., Funder, D. C., Baranski, E. N., Gardiner, G., Guillaume, E., Aveyard, M., Bastian, B., Bronin, I., Ivanova, C., Cheng, J. T., Kock, F. S., Denissen, J. J. A., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Halama, P., Han, G. Q., Bae, J., Moon, J., Hong, R. Y., Hřebíčková, M., Graf, S., Izdebski, P., Lundmann, L., Penke, L., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Rauthmann, J., Ziegler, M., Realo, A., Elme, L., Sato, T., Kawamoto, S., Szarota, P., Tracy, J. L., Aken, M. A. G., Yang, Y., and Funder, D. C.

Abstract

While a large body of research has investigated cultural differences in behavior, this typical study assesses a single behavioral outcome, in a single context, compared across two countries. The current study compared a broad array of behaviors across 21 countries (N = 5,522). Participants described their behavior at 7:00 p.m. the previous evening using the 68 items of the Riverside Behavioral Q-sort (RBQ). Correlations between average patterns of behavior in each country ranged from r =.69 to r =.97 and, in general, described a positive and relaxed activity. The most similar patterns were United States/Canada and least similar were Japan/United Arab Emirates (UAE). Similarities in behavior within countries were largest in Spain and smallest in the UAE. Further analyses correlated average RBQ item placements in each country with, among others, country-level value dimensions, personality traits, self-esteem levels, economic output, and population. Extroversion, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, self-esteem, happiness, and tolerant attitudes yielded more significant correlations than expected by chance. © 2017, © The Author(s) 2017.

Published
2017

21. Comparisons of Daily Behavior Across 21 Countries

Author

Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Guillaume, E, Aveyard, M, Bastian, B, Bronin, I, Ivanova, C, Cheng, J, de Kock, F, Denissen, J, Gallardo Pujol, D, Halama, P, Han, G, Bae, J, Moon, J, Hong, R, Hřebíčková, M, Graf, S, Izdebski, P, Lundmann, L, Penke, L, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Realo, A, Elme, L, Sato, T, Kawamoto, S, Szarota, P, Tracy, J, van Aken, M, Yang, Y, Funder, D, PERUGINI, MARCO, COSTANTINI, GIULIO, Funder, D., Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Guillaume, E, Aveyard, M, Bastian, B, Bronin, I, Ivanova, C, Cheng, J, de Kock, F, Denissen, J, Gallardo Pujol, D, Halama, P, Han, G, Bae, J, Moon, J, Hong, R, Hřebíčková, M, Graf, S, Izdebski, P, Lundmann, L, Penke, L, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Realo, A, Elme, L, Sato, T, Kawamoto, S, Szarota, P, Tracy, J, van Aken, M, Yang, Y, Funder, D, PERUGINI, MARCO, COSTANTINI, GIULIO, and Funder, D.

Abstract

While a large body of research has investigated cultural differences in behavior, this typical study assesses a single behavioral outcome, in a single context, compared across two countries. The current study compared a broad array of behaviors across 21 countries (N = 5,522). Participants described their behavior at 7:00 p.m. the previous evening using the 68 items of the Riverside Behavioral Q-sort (RBQ). Correlations between average patterns of behavior in each country ranged from r =.69 to r =.97 and, in general, described a positive and relaxed activity. The most similar patterns were United States/Canada and least similar were Japan/United Arab Emirates (UAE). Similarities in behavior within countries were largest in Spain and smallest in the UAE. Further analyses correlated average RBQ item placements in each country with, among others, country-level value dimensions, personality traits, self-esteem levels, economic output, and population. Extroversion, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, self-esteem, happiness, and tolerant attitudes yielded more significant correlations than expected by chance.

Published
2017

22. The World at 7:00: Comparing the Experience of Situations Across 20 Countries

Author

Guillaume, E., Baranski, E., Todd, E., Bastian, B., Bronin, I., Ivanova, C., Cheng, J. T., de Kock, F. S., Denissen, J. J. A., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Halama, P., Han, G. Q., Bae, J., Moon, J., Hong, R. Y., Hřebíčková, M., Graf, S., Izdebski, P., Lundmann, L., Penke, L., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Rauthmann, J., Ziegler, M., Realo, A., Elme, L., Sato, T., Kawamoto, S., Szarota, P., Tracy, J. L., van Aken, M. A. G., Yang, Yu, and Funder, D. C.

Subjects
EXPRESSION, PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSAL, PERSONALITY, JAPAN, PEOPLE, CULTURES, NATIONAL CHARACTER, UNITED-STATES, BEHAVIOR
Abstract

The purpose of this research is to quantitatively compare everyday situational experience around the world. Local collaborators recruited 5,447 members of college communities in 20 countries, who provided data via a Web site in 14 languages. Using the 89 items of the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ), participants described the situation they experienced the previous evening at 7:00 p.m. Correlations among the average situational profiles of each country ranged from r = .73 to r=.95; the typical situation was described as largely pleasant. Most similar were the United States/Canada; least similar were South Korea/Denmark. Japan had the most homogenous situational experience; South Korea, the least. The 15 RSQ items varying the most across countries described relatively negative aspects of situational experience; the 15 least varying items were more positive. Further analyses correlated RSQ items with national scores on six value dimensions, the Big Five traits, economic output, and population. Individualism, Neuroticism, Openness, and Gross Domestic Product yielded more significant correlations than expected by chance. Psychological research traditionally has paid more attention to the assessment of persons than of situations, a discrepancy that extends to cross-cultural psychology. The present study demonstrates how cultures vary in situational experience in psychologically meaningful ways.

Published
2016

24. Optimisation of installed mill power post-installation of secondary crushing circuit at Northparkes Mines.

Author

Sulianto Y., 13th AusIMM mill operators' conference Perth, Australia 10-Oct-1612-Oct-16, Bell T., Kock F., Morgan D., Putland B.G., Trott T., Sulianto Y., 13th AusIMM mill operators' conference Perth, Australia 10-Oct-1612-Oct-16, Bell T., Kock F., Morgan D., Putland B.G., and Trott T.

Abstract

A secondary crushing circuit was installed in 2010 at the Northparkes copper-gold operation (New South Wales, Australia) to debottleneck the semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill constrained grinding circuits. Further improvements involved inclusion of a double deck vibrating screen to deliver finer feed to the mill. The project resulted in an increase in the milled tonnes from 5 600 000 t/a in 2012 to 6 000 000 t/a in 2013. Increased throughput rates meant the circuit became power limited, and studies were carried out to optimise the available comminution power while delivering the optimal particle size to the flotation circuit. Recommendations included changes to the SAG mill including mill lifter design, increased grinding media charge levels and reduced grinding media size with aim of producing a finer grind size. Implementation of these recommendations, along with other changes to SAG discharge grates and the mill discharge vibrating screen, achieved a substantial reduction in the flotation feed particle size distribution (approximately 20 microns) by utilising increased average SAG power utilisation. This gave a 2% increase in copper recovery. The next phase of optimisation is the throughput-grind-recovery relationship and cost benefit analysis of installing additional grinding power., A secondary crushing circuit was installed in 2010 at the Northparkes copper-gold operation (New South Wales, Australia) to debottleneck the semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill constrained grinding circuits. Further improvements involved inclusion of a double deck vibrating screen to deliver finer feed to the mill. The project resulted in an increase in the milled tonnes from 5 600 000 t/a in 2012 to 6 000 000 t/a in 2013. Increased throughput rates meant the circuit became power limited, and studies were carried out to optimise the available comminution power while delivering the optimal particle size to the flotation circuit. Recommendations included changes to the SAG mill including mill lifter design, increased grinding media charge levels and reduced grinding media size with aim of producing a finer grind size. Implementation of these recommendations, along with other changes to SAG discharge grates and the mill discharge vibrating screen, achieved a substantial reduction in the flotation feed particle size distribution (approximately 20 microns) by utilising increased average SAG power utilisation. This gave a 2% increase in copper recovery. The next phase of optimisation is the throughput-grind-recovery relationship and cost benefit analysis of installing additional grinding power.

Published
2016

25. The World at 7:00: Comparing the Experience of Situations Across 20 Countries

Author

Guillaume, E, Baranski, E, Todd, E, Bastian, B, Bronin, I, Ivanova, C, Cheng, J, de Kock, F, Denissen, J, Gallardo Pujol, D, Halama, P, Han, G, Bae, J, Moon, J, Hong, R, Hřebíčková, M, Graf, S, Izdebski, P, Lundmann, L, Penke, L, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Realo, A, Elme, L, Sato, T, Kawamoto, S, Szarota, P, Tracy, J, van Aken, M, Yang, Y, Funder, D, Funder, D., PERUGINI, MARCO, COSTANTINI, GIULIO, Guillaume, E, Baranski, E, Todd, E, Bastian, B, Bronin, I, Ivanova, C, Cheng, J, de Kock, F, Denissen, J, Gallardo Pujol, D, Halama, P, Han, G, Bae, J, Moon, J, Hong, R, Hřebíčková, M, Graf, S, Izdebski, P, Lundmann, L, Penke, L, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Realo, A, Elme, L, Sato, T, Kawamoto, S, Szarota, P, Tracy, J, van Aken, M, Yang, Y, Funder, D, Funder, D., PERUGINI, MARCO, and COSTANTINI, GIULIO

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to quantitatively compare everyday situational experience around the world. Local collaborators recruited 5,447 members of college communities in 20 countries, who provided data via a Web site in 14 languages. Using the 89 items of the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ), participants described the situation they experienced the previous evening at 7:00 p.m. Correlations among the average situational profiles of each country ranged from r =.73 to r =.95; the typical situation was described as largely pleasant. Most similar were the United States/Canada; least similar were South Korea/Denmark. Japan had the most homogenous situational experience; South Korea, the least. The 15 RSQ items varying the most across countries described relatively negative aspects of situational experience; the 15 least varying items were more positive. Further analyses correlated RSQ items with national scores on six value dimensions, the Big Five traits, economic output, and population. Individualism, Neuroticism, Openness, and Gross Domestic Product yielded more significant correlations than expected by chance. Psychological research traditionally has paid more attention to the assessment of persons than of situations, a discrepancy that extends to cross-cultural psychology. The present study demonstrates how cultures vary in situational experience in psychologically meaningful ways.

Published
2016

27. Monitoramento do biosorvente Quitosana por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear no Domínio do Tempo (RMN-DT) em Emulsões de Petróleo

Author

KOCK, F. V. C., COLNAGO, L. A., SILVA FILHO, E. A., CASTRO, E. V. R., and BARBOSA, L. L.

Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_6347_Flávio Vinicius Crizostomo Kock.pdf: 3114605 bytes, checksum: 346add1b632da038a147bde52e8bc83b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 Acidentes petroquímicos tem recebido grande notoriedade da comunidade cientifica devido aos danos ambientais causados pelo vazamento de petróleo, tanto em ambientes onshore quanto offshore. O presente estudo realizou simulações de acidentes petroquímicos dentro de um espectrômetro de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear no Domínio do Tempo (RMN-DT) monitorando a ação de um biosorvente in situ. O biomaterial escolhido foi a quitosana, devido este biopolímero possuir características especiais, como biodegradabilidade, facilidade para realizar complexação com metais e habilidade de floculação o que torna possível o seu estudo como agente de biosorção. Os resultados in situ indicaram que o biopolimero atua formando complexos com metais presentes na água emulsionada. Esta inferência foi possível, a partir de medidas relaxométricas, onde se observou reduções superiores a 30% nos valores de T2. Além do mais, ensaios realizados por Espectroscopia de Ressonância do Elétron (EPR) possibilitou estudos acerca da interação deste biosorvente com espécies paramagnéticas presentes em óleos desidratados, no qual foram observadas estruturas muito estáveis como metaloporfirinas. Sendo assim, estudos foram conduzidos com conjuntos de amostras de frações que permitiram inferir a partir de reduções nos valores de T2 de 1,3 a 0,3 s a natureza parafínica e aromática, respectivamente destes compostos. Por fim, os resultados de simulação de acidentes in situ, possibilitou o estudo do poder de floculação do petróleo proporcionado pela quitosana. Esta previsão foi possível, a partir do conjunto de ensaios realizados, onde se notou deslocamentos de 20% para maiores valores de T2, tornando-se possível inferir acerca da interação deste biopolímero com constituintes mais densos do petróleo e desestabilização de emulsões, a partir da condução de ensaios inéditos de RMN-DT.

Published
2013

29. Online Peer-to-Peer Lending:A Literature Review

Author

Bachmann, A., Becker, A., Buerckner, D., Hilker, M., Kock, F., Lehmann, M., Tiburtius, P., and Burkhardt Funk

Subjects
Literature review, Group intermediation, Determinants of funding success, Peer-to-peer lending, Financial characteristics, Business informatics, Demographic characteristics
Abstract

The term online peer-to-peer lending (P2P) describes the loan origination process between private individuals on online platforms were financial institutions operate only as intermediates required by law. Initialized by groups in online social networks, first commercial online P2P lending platforms started in 2005. Thus online P2P lending is a relatively young research field. This paper gives a brief overview of the P2P lending market and reviews the research on the determinants of P2P lending. We distinguish between financial and demographic characteristics of the borrower, as well as social characteristics like friends and group affiliation. The reviewed literature gives insights on how the determinants affect the borrowers' likelihood of successful funding, the final interest rate that has to be paid as well as the relationship of the borrowers' characteristics and lending success.

Published
2011

31. 'Safe' Coulomb excitation of 30Mg

Author

Niedermaier, O., Scheit, H., Bildstein, V., Boie, H., Fitting, J., von Hahn, R., Kock, F., Lauer, M., Pal, U.K., Podlech, H., Repnow, R., Schwalm, D., Alvarez, C., Ames, F., Bollen, G., Emhofer, S., Habs, D., Kester, O., Lutter, R., Rudolph, K., Pasini, M., Thirolf, P.G., Wolf, B.H., Eberth, J., Gersch, G., Hess, H., Reiter, P., Thelen, O., Warr, N., Weisshaar, D., Aksouh, F., Van den Bergh, P., Van Duppen, P., Huyse, M., Ivanov, O., Mayet, P., Van de Walle, J., Aysto, J., Butler, P.A., Cederkall, J., Delahaye, P., Fynbo, H.O.U., Fraile, L.M., Forstner, O., Franchoo, S., Koster, U., Nilsson, T., Oinonen, M., Sieber, T., Wenander, F., Pantea, M., Richter, A., Schrieder, G., Simon, H., Behrens, T., Gernhauser, R., Kroll, T., Krucken, R., Munch, M., Davinson, T., Gerl, J., Huber, G., Hurst, A., Iwanicki, J., Jonson, B., Lieb, P., Liljeby, L., Schempp, A., Scherillo, A., Schmidt, P., Walter, G., Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISOLDE, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Pulmonology, and Heyd, Yvette

Subjects
[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Coulomb excitation, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, 25.70.De, 27.30.+t, 21.10.Re, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear Experiment, Collective levels, 20 < A < 38, Radioactive beams
Abstract

We report on the first radioactive beam experiment performed at the recently commissioned REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN in conjunction with the highly efficient $\gamma$ -spectrometer MINIBALL. Using $^{30}$Mg ions accelerated to an energy of 2.25MeV/u together with a thin $^{nat}$Ni target, Coulomb excitation of the first excited 2+ states of the projectile and target nuclei well below the Coulomb barrier was observed. From the measured relative de-excitation $\gamma$ -ray yields the B(E2; 0$^{+}_{gs} \rightarrow 2^{+}_{1}$) value of $^{30}$Mg was determined to be 241(31)$e^{2}$fm$^{4}$. Our result is lower than values obtained at projectile fragmenttion facilities using the intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation method and confirms that the theoretical conjecture that the neutron-rich magnesium isotope $^{30}$Mg lies still outside the "island of inversion". We report on the first radioactive beam experiment performed at the recently commissioned REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN in conjunction with the highly efficient gamma spectrometer MINIBALL. Using 30Mg ions accelerated to an energy of 2.25 MeV/u together with a thin nat-Ni target, Coulomb excitation of the first excited 2+ states of the projectile and target nuclei well below the Coulomb barrier was observed. From the measured relative de-excitation gamma ray yields the B(E2: 0+ -> 2+) value of 30Mg was determined to be 241(31) e2fm4. Our result is lower than values obtained at projectile fragmentation facilities using the intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation method, and confirms the theoretical conjecture that the neutron-rich magnesium isotope 30Mg lies still outside the ``island of inversion''.

Published
2004

32. Identification of excited states in the N=Z nucleus $^{68}$Se with cluster detectors

Author

Skoda, S., Fiedler, B., Becker, F., Eberth, J., Freund, S., Steinhardt, T., Stuch, O., Thelen, O., Thomas, H.G., Kaubler, L., Reif, J., Schnare, H., Schwengner, R., Servene, T., Winter, G., Fischer, V., Jungclaus, A., Kast, D., Lieb, K.P., Teich, C., Ender, C., Hartlein, T., Kock, F., Schwalm, D., Baumann, P., Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette

Subjects
[PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
Published
1998

33. Invariant-mass and [gamma]-ray spectroscopy using secondary, radioactive ion beams

Author

Cub, J., Holeczek, J., Wan, S., Thomas Aumann, Baumann, T., Boretzky, K., Dostal, W., Eberlein, B., Emling, H., Ender, C., Elze, Tw, Geissel, H., Gerl, J., Grunschloss, A., Habs, D., Happ, T., Holzmann, R., Iwasa, N., Kaspar, M., Kleinbohl, A., Kock, F., Koschorrek, O., Kratz, Jv, Kraus, G., Kulessa, R., Leifels, Y., Leistenschneider, A., Munzenberg, G., Nickel, F., Peter, I., Reiter, P., Schaffner, H., Scheidenberger, C., Schrieder, G., Schwalm, D., Schubart, R., Schubert, R., Schwab, W., Simon, H., Stengel, G., Stroth, J., Summerer, K., Surowiec, A., Thirolf, P., Wajda, E., Wollersheim, Hj, and Zentek, A.

Subjects
invariant-mass spectroscopy, spectroscopy, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Coulomb excitation of secondary beams (5 < Z < 20) at energies around 250 .1 MeV was explored at GSI. For low-lying states, 7-ray spectroscopy was utilized, while high-lying excitations were investigated by means of invariant-mass spectroscopy.

Published
1997

35. First identification of excited states in the N = Z nucleus Br-70

Author

Borcan, C, Schnare, H, Schwengner, R, Kaubler, L, Ortlepp, HG, Donau, F, Grawe, H, Gorska, M, Skoda, S, Eberth, J, Hartlein, T, Kock, F, Pansegrau, D, Moszynski, M, Wolski, D, Weiszflog, M, Axelsson, A, Napoli, DR, Gadea, A, Wadsworth, R, Wilson, A, Andrejtscheff, W, Borcan, C, Schnare, H, Schwengner, R, Kaubler, L, Ortlepp, HG, Donau, F, Grawe, H, Gorska, M, Skoda, S, Eberth, J, Hartlein, T, Kock, F, Pansegrau, D, Moszynski, M, Wolski, D, Weiszflog, M, Axelsson, A, Napoli, DR, Gadea, A, Wadsworth, R, Wilson, A, and Andrejtscheff, W

Abstract

Excited states in the T-z = 0 nucleus Br-70 have been investigated using the reaction Ni-58(O-16,1p3n). gamma rays were detected with one EUROBALL CLUSTER detector and three single HPGe detectors. Charged particles and neutrons were registered with the Ro, Addresses: Borcan C, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Kern & Hadronenphys, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Kern & Hadronenphys, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. GS

Published
1999

36. First identification of excited states in the N = Z nucleus Br-70 (vol 5, pg 243, 1999)

Author

Borcan, C, Schnare, H, Schwengner, R, Kaubler, L, Ortlepp, HG, Donau, F, Grawe, H, Gorska, M, Skoda, S, Eberth, J, Hartlein, T, Kock, F, Pansegrau, D, Moszynski, M, Wolski, D, Weiszflog, M, Axelsson, A, Napoli, DR, Gadea, A, Wadsworth, R, Wilson, A, Andrejtscheff, W, Borcan, C, Schnare, H, Schwengner, R, Kaubler, L, Ortlepp, HG, Donau, F, Grawe, H, Gorska, M, Skoda, S, Eberth, J, Hartlein, T, Kock, F, Pansegrau, D, Moszynski, M, Wolski, D, Weiszflog, M, Axelsson, A, Napoli, DR, Gadea, A, Wadsworth, R, Wilson, A, and Andrejtscheff, W

Abstract

Addresses: Borcan C, Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Kern & Hadronenphys, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Kern & Hadronenphys, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & N

Published
1999

41. Copper processing in the Dynatec miniplant.

Author

Collins M., ALTA 1998 copper sulphides symposium Brisbane, Australia 19-Oct-98, Buban K., de Kock F., Kalanchey R., Xue T., Collins M., ALTA 1998 copper sulphides symposium Brisbane, Australia 19-Oct-98, Buban K., de Kock F., Kalanchey R., and Xue T.

Abstract

High purity cathode Cu has been produced in the Dynatec laboratory in continuous miniplant operations, using pressure leaching, conventional solvent extraction and electrowinning. Feeds treated ranged from Cu ores containing mainly chalcocite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, to chalcopyrite concentrates. The autoclave feed rate varied from 2 to 5 kg/h of solids with operating temperatures between 90 and 165 degrees C. With the addition of fine coal as a dispersant, pressure leaching was successfully demonstrated at 150 degrees C, achieving commercially viable reaction rates along with a substantial conversion of sulphide sulphur to the elemental form. Another process was tested for high Cu recovery with little attack on pyrite, at 90-100 degrees C., High purity cathode Cu has been produced in the Dynatec laboratory in continuous miniplant operations, using pressure leaching, conventional solvent extraction and electrowinning. Feeds treated ranged from Cu ores containing mainly chalcocite, chalcopyrite and pyrite, to chalcopyrite concentrates. The autoclave feed rate varied from 2 to 5 kg/h of solids with operating temperatures between 90 and 165 degrees C. With the addition of fine coal as a dispersant, pressure leaching was successfully demonstrated at 150 degrees C, achieving commercially viable reaction rates along with a substantial conversion of sulphide sulphur to the elemental form. Another process was tested for high Cu recovery with little attack on pyrite, at 90-100 degrees C.

Published
1998

47. Quantification of the distribution of In-labelled platelets in organs.

Author

Reenen, O., Lötter, M., Heyns, A., Kock, F., Herbst, C., Kotzé, H., Pieters, H., Minnaar, P., and Badenhorst, P.

Abstract

A simple and practical approach to the in vivo quantification of indium-oxine labelled blood platelets with a scintillation camera and computer assisted imaging system was evaluated. Radioactivity of the 172 and 247 keV energies was measured in a phantom at various source distances from the collimator and the accuracy of anterior and posterior mode measurements compared with that of the geometrical mean (GM) method, with and without correction for Compton scatter (CS). Organ radioactivity, expressed as a percentage of whole body radioactivity, was determined in vivo in five baboons and the accuracy of the methods verified by post mortem quantification in the animals. Measurement in the anterior mode significantly overestimates hepatic and underestimates splenic radioactivity; posterior mode quantification reverses these results. Correction with the GM method made the accuracy and reproducibility very acceptable. Further correction for anterior-posterior attenuation and/or CS did not improve results materially. The GM method could readily be applied in five human subjects. This study shows that the GM method is an accurate and practical method for the in vivo quantification of organ and regional distribution of In-labelled platelets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1982
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50. Kinetics and sites of sequestration of indium 111-labeled human platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass

Author

Hope, A.F., duP. Heyns, A., Lötter, M.G., van Reenen, O.R., de Kock, F., Badenhorst, P.N., Pieters, H., Kotze, H., Meyer, J.M., and Minnaar, P.C.

Abstract

A new approach for the study of the kinetics and quantification of the in vivo and ex vivo sites of sequestration of platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is described. Autologous platelets of four patients were labeled with 111In-oxine and reinfused on the day prior to CPB for coronary artery bypass grafting. Changes in blood 111In-labeled platelet radioactivity and blood platelet counts were monitored during the operation. In vivo 111In-labeled platelet redistribution was quantified with a scintillation camera and a computer-assisted imaging system before and after CPB. Sequestration of 111In-labeled platelets in the bubble oxygenator was measured. 111In-labeled platelet activity in the blood decreased by 46% ±5% within 5 minutes of CPB, but this decrease was mostly due to hemodilution; the true loss of platelets from the circulation was 13% ± 4%. Intraoperatively, whole body 111In activity decreased by 34.8% ± 5.4%, and in the 48 ensuing hours a further slight loss of radionuclide occurred. In the pump oxygenator 10.8% ± 1.3% of administered platelets were sequestered, especially in the innermost active layers of the defoaming mesh of the bubble oxygenator. Mean survival time of circulating platelets was 58 ± 8 hours and fitted an exponential function best. The bleeding time increased to 40 minutes during operation and returned to normal within 24 hours. During operation 111In-labeled platelets accumulated somewhat in the liver (10.7%) but not in the spleen, thorax, or head. In the 48 hours after operation, platelets were sequestered mainly in the liver. The scintillation camera with computer-assisted imaging allows in vivo quantitative studies of platelet kinetics of a type which has not been possible with previous techniques.

Published
1981
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