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The article presents the results of a comparative analysis between Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment and its animated adaptation, exploring how the cartoon can be used in 10th-grade literature lessons. It examines the symbolic language, significant visual and auditory imagery, and cultural codes that contribute to the “metaphysical” nature of Dumala’s animated film. The study analyses the powerful suggestive beginning of the cartoon, and the author argues that the Polish film director perceives Crime and Punishment as a novel of dreams, consciousness and subconsciousness, a novel of memory centered around a single hero, a search and meeting of the hero with himself, a novel of self-recognition in Another. The article addresses key questions such as: Why is there no speech in the cartoon? What role does the music play? How is the plot constructed? Which storylines did the director consider, and how are they interconnected? What is the significance of artistic details, techniques, and cinematography? These and other questions are answered in the article.

Evaluation of the parameters such as tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor budding (TB) is one of the most important steps in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and cancer development prognosis. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been successfully used to solve such problems. In this paper, we summarize the latest data on the use of artificial intelligence to predict tumor microenvironment and tumor budding in histological scans of patients with colorectal cancer. We performed a systematic literature search using 2 databases (Medline and Scopus) with the following search terms: (''tumor microenvironment'' OR ''tumor budding'') AND (''colorectal cancer'' OR CRC) AND (''artificial intelligence'' OR ''machine learning '' OR ''deep learning''). During the analysis, we gathered from the articles performance scores such as sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of identifying TME and TB using artificial intelligence. The systematic review showed that machine learning and deep learning successfully cope with the prediction of these parameters. The highest accuracy values in TB and TME prediction were 97.7% and 97.3%, respectively. This review led us to the conclusion that AI platforms can already be used as diagnostic aids, which will greatly facilitate the work of pathologists in detection and estimation of TB and TME as instruments and second-opinion services. A key limitation in writing this systematic review was the heterogeneous use of performance metrics for machine learning models by different authors, as well as relatively small datasets used in some studies.

Checkpoint inhibitors represent an effective treatment approach for a variety of cancers through their inhibition of immune regulatory pathways within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Unfortunately only a minority of patients with cancer achieve clinical benefit from immunotherapy, with the TME emerging as an important predictor of outcomes and sensitivity to therapy. The extent and pattern of T-cell infiltration can vary prominently within/across tumors and represents a biological continuum. Three immune profiles have been identified along this continuum: 'immune-desert' or 'T-cell cold' phenotype, 'immune-active', 'inflamed', or 'T-cell hot' phenotype, and 'immune excluded' phenotype. Of the three profiles, immune excluded remains the most ill-defined with no clear, universally accepted definition even though it is commonly associated with lack of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and poor clinical outcomes. To address this, 16 multidisciplinary cancer experts from around the world were invited to participate in a symposium using a three-round modified Delphi approach. The first round was an open-ended questionnaire distributed via email and the second was an in-person discussion of the first round results that allowed for statements to be revised as necessary to achieve a maximum consensus (75% agreement) among the rating committee (RC). The final round questionnaire was distributed to the RC via email and had a 100% completion rate. The Delphi process resulted in moving us closer to a consensus definition for immune exclusion that is practical, clinically pertinent, and applicable across a wide range of cancer histologies. A general consensus of the role of immune exclusion in resistance to checkpoint therapy and five research priorities emerged from this process. Together, these tools could help efforts designed to address the underlying mechanisms of immune exclusion that span cancer types and, ultimately, aid in the development of treatments to target these mechanisms to improve patient outcomes.

Procrastination is one of the most researched and polemized topics of interest to domestic and foreign scientists due to its widespread prevalence among students and adults. The authors agree that syste matic violation of deadlines for necessary tasks completion causes subjective discomfort, but this behavior is regularly manifested in ordinary life, becoming “chronic” in nature. The purpose of the study is to analyze the phenomenon of procrastination. The work was based on the theoretical analysis of literature, generalization, empirical research results interpretation, conducted on the basis of a bank of techniques: E. Yu. Mandrikova’s questionnaire of self-organization of activity, K. Lay’s academic procrastination scale, Melbourne questionnaire of decision-making in the adaptation of T. V. Kornilova and S. A. Kornilova. Procrastination is similar to manifestations of laziness, low level of motivation and volitional self-regulation, awareness of the consequences of one’s own inaction, behavioral patterns repetition stability. However, thereare cardinal differences among them: laziness correlates with neutral or positive emotional background, hedonistic orientation, orientation to the present time, irresponsibility, and strength saving. Procrastination is built on burdensome experiences, mental immersion in the events of the past or future. It is energy-consuming, can lead to ideas destruction about one’s own personality and chronic diseases. Negative emotional background, weak self-control and low self-regulation are all prerequisites for developing procrastination and dependence on digital reality. The study results can be applied in the activities of teachers and practical psychologists, allowing to recognize and level procrastination manifestations.

Natural wax gelators have different compositions of compounds (hydrocarbons, wax esters, free fatty alcohols, and free fatty acids), which results in oleogels with varying properties. To maintain a consistent composition, the individual components can be added to the original wax gelator. The content of hydrocarbons and wax esters greatly affects the structuring process of liquid edible oils with waxes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of modifying the properties of beeswax as a gelling agent by adding hydrocarbons or monoesters to obtain oleogels with specific properties. Various tests were conducted to assess the changes in the oleogel properties, such as color, microstructure, oil-binding capacity, thermal and textural properties. The research results have shown that the addition of the studied fractions has led to a significant change in all properties of oleogels. The initial size of oleogel crystals (7.29 ± 1.80 μm) changed after adding fractions, varying from 5.28 μm to 12.58 μm with hydrocarbons and from 9.95 μm to 30.41 μm with wax esters. The addition of 30%–50% hydrocarbons decreased the ability of the oleogels to bind oil and made them less firm compared to samples with 10%–20% hydrocarbons. Adding 10%–20% monoesters increased the firmness of the oleogels, but this indicator decreased when their content was increased to 50%. The obtained data indicate that hydrocarbons and wax esters can be used for targeted correction of the gelling properties of beeswax.

In today’s business world, digital technologies have become vital for implementing processes in any company, including the healthcare industry. By utilizing the latest technologies to collect, process, analyze, and transmit data through smart devices and IT infrastructure, it is possible to implement trends in medicine as a value approach, personalization, predictability, and participation. Considering these trends, it is necessary to develop a methodology for creating a management system for medical organizations that can comprehensively and interconnectively develop various elements of the system. This includes business process systems, information systems and application architectures, hardware, and ''smart'' medical equipment that can fully participate in hospital information exchange. These elements should be developed within a single model. An architectural approach can be used to create a model of a medical organization. This paper examines the integration of smart infrastructure in medical organizations, develops requirements for smart infrastructure services, and creates architectural models based on the findings and requirements. Architecture models were developed for the following elements of the Smart Infrastructure: smart wards, wearable devices and telemedicine stands as the most necessary elements in everyday healthcare. The key discovery of the study is the architecture models of the mentioned elements and their integration with the medical organization IT architecture, described in the form of visual models and data exchange tables. The proposed models can be used both for further research or for practical implementation as the reference models to check up and adopt to each individual case. The solutions proposed in the paper give an example of open innovation philosophy, as they are developed on the basis of open information about the innovation activities of various medical organizations, and, at the same, time the results themselves are openly published and open for adaptation by the scientific and practicing medical community.

Abstract Magnetic topological insulators (TIs) herald a wealth of applications in spin‐based technologies, relying on the novel quantum phenomena provided by their topological properties. Particularly promising is the (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n layered family of established intrinsic magnetic TIs that can flexibly realize various magnetic orders and topological states. High tunability of this material platform is enabled by manganese–pnictogen intermixing, whose amounts and distribution patterns are controlled by synthetic conditions. Here, nuclear magnetic resonance and muon spin spectroscopy, sensitive local probe techniques, are employed to scrutinize the impact of the intermixing on the magnetic properties of (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n and MnSb2Te4. The measurements not only confirm the opposite alignment between the Mn magnetic moments on native sites and antisites in the ground state of MnSb2Te4, but for the first time directly show the same alignment in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n with n = 0, 1 and 2. Moreover, for all compounds, the static magnetic moment of the Mn antisite sublattice is found to disappear well below the intrinsic magnetic transition temperature, leaving a homogeneous magnetic structure undisturbed by the intermixing. The findings provide a microscopic understanding of the crucial role played by Mn–Bi intermixing in (MnBi2Te4)(Bi2Te3)n and offer pathways to optimizing the magnetic gap in its surface states.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine, vanillin, and epigallocatechin gallate on salivation and swallowing and to find ways to correct their negative effects. Solutions of these substances with an equivalent intensity of bitter taste were compared for this purpose. To compensate for their effect, solutions of adenosine monophosphate, saliva substitute, and their combination were used. The results of the sialometric and surface electromyographic analyses demonstrate that all of the bitter substances studied exert a significant influence on the physiology of salivation and swallowing while exhibiting distinct modes of action. Caffeine has been shown to increase the area under the swallowing electromyographic curve, which is indicative of an increase in maximal amplitude. Epigallocatechin gallate has been linked to a reduction in salivation rate, an increase in duration, and a decrease in maximal intensity of the sEMG curve. Vanillin is demonstrated to reduce the area under the swallowing electromyographic curve due to a decline in both duration and maximal intensity. The addition of adenosine monophosphate to solutions of all substances under study resulted in a convergence of the salivary secretion and swallowing profile toward a profile that is characteristic of water. The findings can be utilized to modify the physiological responses to bitter-tasting substances when developing novel food formulations.

The development of plant-based meat substitutes is imperative for reducing animal fat intake and promoting dietary diversification. However, the flavor profiles of these products frequently fall short of consumer expectations. This study sought to optimize the production process of meat flavorings for plant-based products using the Taguchi method. The study investigated the effects of sugar type, concentration, and reaction temperature on the Maillard reaction products, sensory characteristics, and volatile organic compounds. The thermal process flavors were obtained from the flavor precursor by heating in a laboratory microwave station at 30 bar for 15 min. The variable factors were the type of sugar (fructose, glucose, xylose), its concentration (25, 50, and 100 mM), and the temperature of the reaction (140, 150, and 160 °C). The study’s findings indicated that temperature emerged as the predominant factor influencing the formation of Maillard reaction products and the sensory characteristics of the flavorings. Specifically, 25 mM xylose-based flavorings prepared at 140 °C demonstrated the most notable meat flavor and the highest level of acceptability. Moreover, the analysis of volatile organic compounds revealed the presence of a diverse array of substances, including aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, that are characteristic of meat flavor. A heat map of the volatile content was constructed to facilitate a comparison of the samples. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Taguchi method in optimizing the production process of meat flavorings for plant-based products and provides valuable insights for the development of more balanced odor profiles.

SUMMARY: Aim of the Study: To evaluate the effects of feed supplementation of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 (0.1%), B. subtilis KB41 (0.1%), and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB54 (0.1%) probiotics on growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and the immune system of Ross 308 broilers housed on deep litter. Methods and Results: A total of 160 newly hatched Ross 308 broilers were involved in the 42-day-long study with evaluation of growth performance at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d and biochemical blood analysis, histological investigation of jejunum tissues, and analysis of IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression of broilers at 42 d. As a result, probiotic KB41 significantly improved growth performance on the 42nd day of the experiment (P < 0.01), increased the number of Lactobacillus bacteria in the ceca (P = 0.03), and promoted IL-6 and IL-10 genes expression in the spleen of the chickens (P < 0.01). The results of this study generally correspond to our previous study, which included an evaluation of Bacillus-based KB41 and KB54 probiotics on production performance and the immune system of broilers housed in cages, although the effects are less prominent. Conclusions: Less prominent effects are probably linked to the colonization of the broilers' gastrointestinal tract with unknown bacilli of apparent environmental origin, as the broilers were housed in standard conditions. Significance and Impact of Study: This study provides more evidence of B. subtilis KB41 and B. amyloliquefaciens KB54 effectiveness in poultry.

Despite the dominant role of bone mass in osteoporotic fractures, aging bone tissue properties must be thoroughly understood to improve osteoporosis management. In this context, collagen content and integrity are considered important factors, although limited research has been conducted on the tensile behavior of demineralized compact bone in relation to its porosity and elastic properties in the native mineralized state. Therefore, this study aims (i) at examining the age-dependency of mineralized bone and collagen micromechanical properties; (ii) to test whether, and if so to which extent, collagen properties contribute to mineralized bone mechanical properties.Two cylindrical cortical bone samples from fresh frozen human anatomic donor material were extracted from 80 proximal diaphyseal sections from a cohort of 24 female and 19 male donors (57 to 96 years at death). One sample per section was tested in uniaxial tension under hydrated conditions. First, the native sample was tested elastically (0.25 % strain), and after demineralization, up to failure. Morphology and composition of the second specimen was assessed using micro-computed tomography, Raman spectroscopy, and gravimetric methods. Simple and multiple linear regression were employed to relate morphological, compositional, and mechanical variables with age and sex.Macro-tensile properties revealed that only elastic modulus of native samples was age dependent whereas apparent elastic modulus was sex dependent (p

Author(s): M. A. Kochetkova [sup.1] , I. I. Timofeeva [sup.1] , A. V. Bulatov [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.15447.33, 0000 0001 2289 6897, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, [...], A method of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, based on the dispersion of an extractant by the gas phase formed as a result of a phase transition, i.e., the evaporation of a highly volatile nonpolar organic solvent (dispersant) upon heating the extraction,-is developed. The analytical capabilities of the method are shown in the determination of preservatives (sorbic and benzoic acids) in soft drinks for baby food by high-performance liquid chromatography with photometric detection. The extractant and the dispersant for the microextraction of preservatives are chosen a terpenoid and a highly volatile organochlorine solvent, respectively, which excluded the use of polar organic solvents for dispersing phases, with which the distribution coefficients are reduced. The limits of detection (3[sigma]) for sorbic and benzoic acids are 0.3 mg/L. The developed method does not require centrifugation for phase separation.

Aim: to present a clinical and morphological observation of an extremely rare combination of medullary carcinoma of the jejunum and intestinal lymphangiectasia in a 33-year-old patient with clinical features of malabsorption syndrome over the 10 years.Key points. An autopsy revealed a tumor formation spreading from the wall of the jejunum to the mesentery, with metastases to the mesenteric lymph nodes. The medullary carcinoma with positive expression of СD117, DOG1, EMA, PanCK, PDL-1, vimentin, mosaic non-intense expression of CA19-9, calretinin, CD10, CDX2, CEA, MUC-5AC, SATB2, and negative reaction to ALK, CD3, CD8, CD20, CD30, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD56, chromogranin, CK7, CK20, desmin. The proliferative index was high: Ki-67 > 80 %. Moreover, during the histological examination of the intestinal wall, intestinal lymphangiectasia complicated by the malabsorption syndrome was revealed.Conclusion. The uniqueness of this clinical and morphological case is in the combination of medullary carcinoma of the jejunum metastasized to the mesenteric lymph nodes with the underlying intestinal lymphangiectasia accompanied by the development of malabsorption syndrome.

Epidemiological studies have proven the connection between high consumption of dietary fiber and a reduction in the risk of many diseases. In clinical trials, the possibility of functional regulation of the intestine and intestinal microbiome by dietary fibers has been revealed, which may be significant in certain diseases of the digestive system. This review provides information on the relationship between the physico-chemical properties and functional characteristics of dietary fibers, discusses evidence of the effectiveness of their use in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system, discusses the need to enrich food with dietary fibers.

The subject of the study is the differences in managerial and cultural values that are important for mutual understanding and interaction between Russia and China, countries with significant influence on the world economy and international relations. The study is particularly relevant in the context of business negotiations and management, where respect for values and beliefs inherent in other cultures is critical to successful cooperation. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the methods of G. Hofstede, R. Lewis, P. Ghemawat and others in the field of cultural differences and to compare their findings and conclusions with the results of a survey of Russian managers to verify the cultural characteristics contained in the literature and to prove their viability in practice. The results of the work confirmed the conclusions made by the above-mentioned academicians. The authors of the study defined the Russian culture as multi-active, highlighting the similarities and differences between the cultures of Russia and China. In both countries, the younger generation prioritizes personal career goals and financial success, which significantly changes the work process in terms of shifting values and orientations. The findings could provide valuable information for businesses and policymakers in these countries. The need to identify the cultural characteristics of Chinese managers and to better understand the cultural differences between Russia and China necessitates further research.

This article examines the concepts of urbicide and ecocide as a part of the violent policy against the state of Ukraine since the beginning of the full- scale Russian- Ukrainian war and their influence on tourism. We analyse their impact on natural recreational and tourist resources, such as land, air, river networks, and biotic and landscape diversity. Special attention is paid to protected areas of regional and national importance included in Ukraine’s ‘natural reserve fund’ and to sites of international importance that are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The article provides information about recorded crimes in different regions of Ukraine concerning historical and cultural heritage. Since 24 February 2022, at least 569 cultural heritage sites have been destroyed due to the war, including 170 monuments of national and local importance, 146 valuable historical buildings and cultural heritage sites, and 58 memorial monuments and works of art. We analyse losses in hospitality infrastructure relative to their zoning category determined by proximity to active fighting. The paper highlights the most urgent issues of the post- war restoration of Ukraine’s tourism sector, particularly facility staffing issues and ethical considerations when commemorating war events. Research methods: collection, analysis and the generalisation of information from official and research media sources concerning the loss of natural, historical, cultural and infrastructural resources suffered by tourism as a result of Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine from 24 Feb 2022 to 01 July 2023. Results: summary of the losses to tourism destination resources and infrastructure in Ukraine by region and type of impact, and a proposed framework for planning the post- war recovery of different kinds of tourism in Ukraine. This article examines the concepts of urbicide and ecocide as a part of the violent policy against the state of Ukraine since the beginning of the full- scale Russian- Ukrainian war and their influence on tourism. We analyse their impact on natural recreational and tourist resources, such as land, air, river networks, and biotic and landscape diversity. Special attention is paid to protected areas of regional and national importance included in Ukraine’s ‘natural reserve fund’ and to sites of international importance that are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The article provides information about recorded crimes in different regions of Ukraine concerning historical and cultural heritage. Since 24 February 2022, at least 569 cultural heritage sites have been destroyed due to the war, including 170 monuments of national and local importance, 146 valuable historical buildings and cultural heritage sites, and 58 memorial monuments and works of art. We analyse losses in hospitality infrastructure relative to their zoning category determined by proximity to active fighting. The paper highlights the most urgent issues of the post- war restoration of Ukraine’s tourism sector, particularly facility staffing issues and ethical considerations when commemorating war events. Research methods: collection, analysis and the generalisation of information from official and research media sources concerning the loss of natural, historical, cultural and infrastructural resources suffered by tourism as a result of Russia’s military aggression in Ukraine from 24 Feb 2022 to 01 July 2023. Results: summary of the losses to tourism destination resources and infrastructure in Ukraine by region and type of impact, and a proposed framework for planning the post- war recovery of different kinds of tourism in Ukraine.