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Investigation of microflora in patients with complicated acute cholecystitis treated with low frequency ultrasound in combination with sulfacrylate glue showed that Staphylococcus and Escherichia played the leading role in the complication etiology. Among the nonsporulating organisms bacteroides predominated. The combined use of low frequency ultrasound and sulfacrylate glue in treatment of complicated acute cholecystitis proved to be an efficient procedure providing more rapid sanation of the purulent inflammation foci.

A comparative study of mycoplasmae and L-form bacteria was carried out. Both of them were well passaged on a special nutrient medium with the addition of thallium acetate, i.e. they were resistant to this factor. But, in difference from the L-form bacteria, mycoplasmae failed to be passaged on the serum-free medium; the cultures of the L-form bacteria were highly resistant to the action of osmotic stabilizers and to the pressure of the nutrient medium of 15 and 30 atm; as to mycoplasmae--they perished at such a high pressure. The majority of mycoplasmae were resistant to the action of osmotic shock, and L-form bacteria lost their viability in distilled water as soon as in 2 hours.

Fifty-nine strains of gram-negative non-sporulating anerobic bacteria were identified to the genus. Comparison of the data on the biochemical identification with the phenotypes by sensitivity to antibiotics and bile showed, that the bacteroids of the fragilis group had the same phenotype. Sensitivity was determined with anaerodisks impregnated with antibiotics and bile. The other species of bacteroids and fusobacteria had several phenotypes. However, these phenotypes being non-specific for the species were characteristic of the genus: none of the bacteroid species had the fusobacteria phenotype. The presented table of the bacteroid and fusobacteria phenotypes by sensitivity to antibiotics and bile may be useful in identification of these organism.

The influence of low-frequency ultrasound on the chemotactic, ingestive and digestive activity of peritoneal macrophages in rats was studied. The intraoperative treatment of the peritoneum with ultrasound enhanced chemotactic activity 3.3-fold in comparison with that in the control animals. The digestive function of peritoneal macrophages considerably increased, the stimulation of their ingestive capacity also occurred. The activation of the phagocytic function of macrophages was observed within 7 days after a single sonar treatment. The authors believe that the stimulation of the macrophage system is probably one of the mechanisms of the sanative action of ultrasound which is used at present in purulent surgery.

The electron-microscopic study of opportunistic bacteria under conditions of a suppurative inflammatory process developing in the autotransplanted extremity in white rats was carried out. The staphylococcal infection of the wound on the autotransplanted extremity in white rats was accompanied by the appearance of a capsule-like formation on the bacterial cell wall, similar to the immunoglobulin covering on the cell wall of bacteria treated with blood serum. The changes of this formation were observed in time course. After the opening and draining of the suppurative focus the contamination of the wound with Gram-negative bacteria occurred. Effective combined methods of treatment were used under experimental and clinical conditions.

Studies on the chemotaxonomy of obligate anaerobic bacteria have been made. The combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry with computer-assisted analysis, permitting the multicomponent analysis of all products of bacterial metabolism and bacterial cell components, has been shown to be a research method, quite suitable for such studies. The chromatographic profiles of the end products of metabolism in anaerobic cultures of different age have been found to differ not in the set and number of peaks indicating various metabolites, but only in the concentration of metabolites, increasing in the process of prolonged incubation. The authors believe that the national microbiological "library" of the chromatographic profiles of anaerobic organisms should be created and the album of typing chromatographic profiles should be published; besides, data on new profiles should regularly appear in magazines.

Bacteriological analysis of urine of 150 patients with chronic pyelonephritis was performed. As a result mycoplasma was isolated from urine of 25 patients. Mycoplasma and Coli bacteria or Proteus were isolated simultaneously from urine of 10 patients. Biochemical properties and sensitivity to antibiotics of 9 isolates were studied. The data provided recommendation of the urine analysis for the presence of mycoplasma.

The sensitivity to rimantadine of the reproduction of influenza virus A/Texas/1/77 (H3N2) and A (H1N1) isolates Nos 897, 778 and 782, isolated from patients during an epidemic influenza outbreak in Moscow in the winter of 1977/1978 was compared. A (H3N2) virus proved to be more sensitive than the A (H1N1) viruses tested, as manifested by decreases of the infectious titre in ovo and of the haemagglutinin titre in MDCK cells.

Diagnostic possibilities of selective examination of renal urine particularly collected under medicamentous polyuria conditioned by the administration of Lazix were studied in latent bacteriuria. By means of separate collection of renal urine against the background of polyuria it was possible additionally to detect bacteriuria in 1/3 of the patients, to record increase in the intensity of the index in almost half of the patients with renal bacteriuria and, in 1/4 of them to detect, in renal urine, the aetiological agent absent from bladder urine. The latter circumstance not only has a diagnostic significance but also plays a certain role in the selection of medicamentous therapy in chronic pyelonephritis. In addition to traditional bacteriological methods, filtration through membrane filters was used to isolate and identify microflora in the urine. By means of this method it is possible to detect extremely low bacteriuria which cannot be established by any other method.

Electron microscopy and the hemagglutination test were used to study the effect of low-frequency and low-amplitude ultrasound (26.5 kHz, 30 m) on the adhesiveness of E. coli cells, strain 815, possessing Type I pili. Mild sonication providing the assanation effect during intraoperational treatment of the infected peritonium was found to remove the majority of flagella and pili, despite the fact that the cells seemed to be unimpaired. After sonication the ability of bacteria to cause mannose-sensitive hemagglutination of guinea-pig red blood cells decreased more than 8-fold. The data obtained suggest that the diminution of adhesiveness might be a possible mechanism of the sonication-induced assanation effect.

The authors present the data concerning the study of 200 patients suffering from chronic pyelonephritis; in 28 of these L-forms of bacteria were revealed in the urine. Of 46 L-cultures isolated from these patients 13 reversed into bacterial forms, 8 failed to reverse and were referred to the stable L-forms; the rest 25 L-cultures perished during the 8th--10th passage. This led to a supposition that the relapses and exacerbations of the infectious process in pyelonephritis were associated with the change of the L-forms into bacterial ones, and that the persistence of the L-forms in the kidney tissue promoted the maintenance of the chronic process.