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Heterogeneous vehicular communications aim to improve the reliability, security and delay performance of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, by utilizing multiple communication technologies. Predicting the path loss through conventional fitting based models and radio frequency (RF) jamming detection through rule based models of different communication schemes fail to address comprehensive mobility and jamming scenarios. In this paper, we propose a machine learning based adaptive link quality estimation and jamming detection scheme for the optimum selection and aggregation of IEEE 802.11p and Vehicular Visible Light Communications (V-VLC) technologies targeting reliable V2V communications. We propose to use Random Forest regression and classifier based algorithms, where multiple individual learners with diversity are trained by using measurement data and the final result is obtained by averaging outputs of all learners. We test our framework on real-world road measurement data, demonstrating up to 234 dB and 0.56 dB Mean Absolute Error (MAE) improvement for V-VLC and IEEE 802.11p path loss prediction compared to fitting based models, respectively. The proposed jamming presence detection scheme yields 88.3% accuracy to detect noise interference injection for IEEE 802.11p links, yielding 3% better prediction performance than previously proposed deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based scheme.

WOS: 000455215700007 PubMed: 30645919 Background & Aims : Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global threat and with the growing cultural diversity in Western Europe, knowledge on routes of infection in order to decrease HBV spreading is essential. This study assessed the risk of horizontal transmission through non-sexual close contact in the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) population in Maastricht (the Netherlands) and Genk (Belgium), with a main focus on the differences between ethnic groups. Methods : In this multicenter retrospective study, 166 CHB patients, who were still under follow-up between December 2009 to December 2014, were recruited from the Hepatology Outpatient Departments of two hospitals, one in Maastricht and one in Genk. Ethnicity (defined as country of origin (COO)) and routes of transmission were collected from all patients. Results: The CHB population in Maastricht and Genk consisted of 98 and 68 patients, respectively. In Maastricht, 31% were of Dutch and 16% of Chinese origin. In Genk, mainly Belgian (15%) and Turkish (50%) patients were included. The percentage of horizontal transmission in the total study cohort was 9%. Moreover, the COO groups Dutch/Belgian (n=40). Turkish (n=38) and Chinese (n=18) differed in the number of cases infected by horizontal transmission (4%, 30% and 6%, p=0.030). Conclusions: Although the prevalence of horizontal transmission In the total study cohort is low, non-sexual close contact may play a role in the migrant population, particularly the Turkish. This should be an important public health target with respect to the prevention of HBV spreading.

PMID = 26833695

Scapula has three margins and angles and located posterolateral of thorax. One of the anatomical structures of scapula is suprascapular notch located medial to coracoid process base. Suprascapular notch can be seen in different shapes and depths. Suprascapular notch is surrounded by transverse scapular ligament which is a short and strong ligament. Suprascapular notch creates an osteofibrosis passage with this structure within suprascapular nerve passes. It has been reported that this osteofibrosis structure can intirely or partially ossify. All lesions of nerves occured in course as result of exposure to compression, tension and bending are called entrapment neuropathy. Like other peripheral nerves, suprascapular nerve can be exposed to compression while passing suprascapular notch. As a result of this compression suprascapular entrapment neuropathy may occur. There are direct trauma, repetitive microtrauma, neurit, progressive compressive lesions in suprascapular entrapment neuropathies etiology. A suprascapular notch taken foramen shape can be a predisposing factor to entrapment neuropathy. In the retrospective screening from Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology archive, a male patient at age 68 with suprascapular notch variation has been detected. This patient's right suprascapular notch had became foramen by an osseous bridge. Diameters of foramen has been measured as 5.27 mm transverse 6.48 mm vertical. We believe having detailed knowledge of suprascapular notch is significant as a possible course of back and shoulder pain is entrapment of suprascapular nerve in suprascapular notch causing nerve paralyses, and it will give a right direction to clinicians in surgical practices. La escápula tiene tres márgenes y tres ángulos, y se encuentra en la región posterolateral del tórax. Una de las estructuras anatómicas de la escápula es la incisura supraescapular situada medial a la base del proceso coracoides. La incisura supraescapular puede tener diferentes formas y profundidad. Está rodeada por el ligamento escapular transverso, un ligamento corto y fuerte. Con esta estructura, crea un pasaje osteofibroso por el cual pasa el nervio supraescapular. Se ha reportado que esta estructura osteofibrosa se puede osificar completa o parcialmente. Todas las lesiones de los nervios ocurren en su trayecto como resultado de la exposición a compresión, tensión y flexión, lo que se denomina neuropatía por atrapamiento. El nervio supraescapular puede estar expuesto a compresión al pasar por la incisura supraescapular, generando neuropatía por atrapamiento. Su etiología puede ser por traumatismo directo, microtraumatismo repetitivo y lesiones compresivas progresivas. Una incisura supraescapular de forma oval puede ser un factor predisponente para la neuropatía por atrapamiento. En un estudio retrospectivo realizado en la Universidad Necmettin Erbakan, Facultad de Medicina de Meram, Departamento de archivo de Radiología, se observó la imagen de un varón de 68 años con variación en la incisura supraescapular derecha, la cual se transformó en un foramen por un puente óseo. Los diámetros del foramen fueron 5,27 mm transversales y 6,48 mm verticales. Creemos que el conocimiento detallado de la incisura supraescapular es necesario en el diagnóstico y posible curso de dolor del hombro, debido al atrapamiento del nervio supraescapular en la incisura y la posible parálisis nerviosa, dando una guía a los clínicos en las prácticas quirúrgicas.