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Cypermethrin is a broad-spectrum pesticide commonly used in agricultural, veterinary and household applications. Cypermethrin, being a neurotoxic agent and due to its hydrophobic structure, may cause tissue and organ damage by stimulating oxidation in cells and increasing reactive oxygen species. It has a detrimental effect on the immune system and promote inflammation by producing cytokines. The harmful effects of cypermethrin may be alleviated by the intracellular defense system that reduces ROS. Chrysin, a flavonoid, commonly found in vegetables, propolis, honey, fruits and mushrooms, is known to possess antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic and anticarcinogenic properties. It provides protection against disease and toxicity through various mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of chrysin against oxidative damage in rats exposed to cypermethrin. There is no research on the response of chrysin to the toxicity of cypermethrin in mammals and whether it can be used among treatment options or as a supplement to treatment. A total of thirty 6-8 week old male Wistar albino rats, each weighing 190-240 g, were used and divided into six equal groups, randomly. The groups were formed as control (Gr.I), cypermethrin (25 mg/kg body wt.) (Gr.II), cypermethrin (25 mg/kg body wt.) plus chrysin (50 and 100 mg/kg body wt.) (Gr. III & IV, respectively); and chrysin (50 and 100 mg/kg body wt.) (gr. V & VI, respectively). The indicated doses were given orally for 10 days. Cypermethrin and chrysin were given to the animals alone and together within the specified groups. In blood/tissue samples (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung and testis), lipid peroxidation/oxidative stress parameters (MDA, NO, CAT, SOD, GSH and GSH-Px) and serum biochemicals (AST and ALT) and inflammatory parameters (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were evaluated. When a general evaluation is made, compared to the control group, cypermethrin considerably increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ALT, AST in serum and MDA and NO in tissues/plasma, while significantly decreasing the levels/activities of SOD, CAT, GSH and GSH-Px in tissues/erythrocytes (P <0.05). On the other hand, in the groups co-administered with cypermethrin and chrysin, recovery changes were observed in antioxidant status/lipid peroxidation values, and serum biochemical parameters, similar to the control group. Results of this study suggest that chrysin may prevent oxidative damage and inflammation via supporting antioxidants and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines in cypermethrin-exposed rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Experimental diabetes can be induced using chemical agents such as streptozotocin Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of streptozotocin (STZ) which is most important agent to produce experimental diabetic model at two different doses on serum protein fractions in rat models. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male rats that weighed an average of 250 g and were 3-4 months old were used as the experimental models. They were sorted into three groups composed of eight rats each of STZ 55 mg/kg, STZ 65 mg/kg and control. Diabetes was induced by administering STZ 55 mg/kg and 65 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The serum protein fractions were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Results: No significant difference was observed between the groups for all fractions except alpha-2 and beta globulins. The alpha-2 and beta globulin levels were significantly higher in the 55 mg/kg group than in the 65 mg/kg STZ and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This increase may be due to the involvement of different proteins in the alpha-2 and beta globulin protein fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum, primarily bacteriostatic, antibiotic with a range of activity including many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. This study was carried out to determine the in vivo effect of florfenicol on the paraoxonase (PON), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities on Morkaraman normal and lactating sheep. For these studies, three normal and three lactating sheep groups (55–60kg) were selected for each of intramuscular administration for 24h of florfenicol (30mg/kg). Three normal and three lactating sheep groups were included in the study for a control group, which were not subjected to drug administration. For florfenicol, the mean of the hemolysate paraoxonase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and milk paraoxonase, catalase, lactoperoxidase, superoxide dismutase activity was determined and compared to the control group. According to the research results, while PON1 and CAT enzymes were activated, SOD and GPX enzymes were inhibited by florfenicol in both normal and lactating Morkaraman sheep. While florfenicol did not change milk PON1 and SOD activities, it significantly inhibited milk CAT and LPO enzyme activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of the present study was to develop an easy analytical method for determining α-hexachlorocyclohexane(α-HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor (HC), aldrin (ALD), 4,4-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4,4-DDE) and 4,4dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4-DDT) residues by gas chromatography with mass spectrometre (GC-MS) for routine analysis. Chicken muscles were utilized as samples in this study. A florisil packed column was used in sample preparation stepand showed good performance. The average precision and accuracy ranged 8.03-24.00% and -4.36-30.67%, respectively (n=6).The average recoveries were between 95.74 and 130.67% for various spiking levels (25, 50, 100 ng/g). The average of inter- andintra-day precision was <13 and the limits of detection were ranged 7-19 ng/g, depending on different organochlorinated (OC)pesticides. In conclusion, the extraction method used in the present study was inexpensive (do not require skilled operators,high volume of solvent or costly apparatus), easy and rapid. Additionally, the validation parameters show that the proposed method in this study is sensitive, reproducible and reliable alternative to the normally used methods. Thus, it could efficiently be used in the routine and monitoring studies so that several samples can be run in parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To attain whether the effects of low and high doses of estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in acute and chronic administration were related to oxidant and antioxidant parameters in rat uterine tissue as well as cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity. Materials and Methods: Acute and chronic administration of estrogen (1 and 5 mg/kg), progesterone (1 and 5 mg/kg), LH (20 U/kg), and FSH (250 U/kg). A combination of mifepristone (50 mg/kg) with progesterone (5 mg/kg) and FSH (250 U/kg); and yohimbine (10 mg/kg) with estrogen (5 mg/kg) and LH (20 U/kg). Measurement total glutathione, nitric oxide levels and malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and COX-1 activities. Results: Acute and chronic administration of progesterone 5 mg/kg and FSH 250 U/kg; and chronic administration of estrogen 1 mg/kg decreased antioxidants and increased oxidants. Combined administration of yohimbine with estrogen and LH showed the effect on these parameters. Conclusion: While-LH had a protective effect, low chronic dose estrogen caused oxidative stress. Because low doses could not stimulate alpha-2 receptors and it inhibited LH, an antioxidant hormone. High doses of estrogen that stimulated alpha-2 receptors showed a stable trend in oxidant and antioxidant levels in both acute and chronic administration. High doses of progesterone had an oxidant effect when it stimulated its own receptor in acute and chronic administration. In low acute and chronic doses, though progesterone could not stimulate its receptors but could inhibit FSH, it showed no effect. The oxidant effects of progesterone and FSH were blocked by mifepristone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]