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Contains fulltext : 225833.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Guidelines and quality indicators (for example as part of a quality assurance scheme) aim to improve health care delivery and health outcomes. Ideally, the development of quality indicators should be grounded in evidence-based, trustworthy guideline recommendations. However, anecdotally, guidelines and quality assurance schemes are developed independently, by different groups of experts who employ different methodologies. We conducted an extension and update of a previous systematic review to identify, describe and evaluate approaches to the integrated development of guidelines and related quality indicators. METHODS: On May 24th, 2019 we searched in Medline, Embase and CINAHL and included studies if they reported a methodological approach to guideline-based quality indicator development and were published in English, French, or German. RESULTS: Out of 16,034 identified records, we included 17 articles that described a method to integrate guideline recommendations development and quality indicator development. Added to the 13 method articles from original systematic review we included a total 30 method articles. We did not find any evaluation studies. In most approaches, guidelines were a source of evidence to inform the quality indicator development. The criteria to select recommendations (e.g. level of evidence or strength of the recommendation) and to generate, select and assess quality indicators varied widely. We found methodological approaches that linked guidelines and quality indicator development explicitly, however none of the articles reported a conceptual framework that fully integrated quality indicator development into the guideline process or where quality indicator development was part of the question formulation for developing the guideline recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: In our systematic review we found approaches which explicitly linked guidelines with quality indicator development, nevertheless none of the articles reported a comprehen

Introduction: A stronger consideration of non-cognitive characteristics in Medical School application procedures is desirable. Psychometric tests could be used as an economic supplement to face-to-face interviews which are frequently conducted during university internal procedures for Medical School applications (AdH, Auswahlverfahren der Hochschulen). This study investigates whether the results of psychometric questionnaires measuring non-cognitive characteristics such as personality traits, empathy, and resilience towards stress are vulnerable to distortions of social desirability when used in the context of selection procedures at Medical Schools.Methods: This study took place during the AdH of Lübeck University in August 2015. The following questionnaires have been included: NEO-FFI, SPF, and AVEM. In a 2x1 between-subject experiment we compared the answers from an alleged application condition and a control condition. In the alleged application condition we told applicants that these questionnaires were part of the application procedure. In the control condition applicants were informed about the study prior to completing the questionnaires.Results: All included questionnaires showed differences which can be regarded as social-desirability effects. These differences did not affect the entire scales but, rather, single subscales.Conclusion: These results challenge the informative value of these questionnaires when used for Medical School application procedures. Future studies may investigate the extent to which the differences influence the actual selection of applicants and what implications can be drawn from them for the use of psychometric questionnaires as part of study-place allocation procedures at Medical Schools., Zielsetzung: Eine stärkere Berücksichtigung nicht-kognitiver Eigenschaften in der Studienplatzvergabe im Fach Medizin wäre prinzipiell wünschenswert. Der Einsatz psychometrischer Fragebögen könnte eine ökonomische Ergänzung zum Auswahlgespräch, das vielerorts Teil des Auswahlverfahrens der Hochschulen (AdH) ist, darstellen. Diese Studie untersucht, inwiefern Ergebnisse psychometrischer Fragebögen zur Erfassung nicht-kognitiver Eigenschaften wie Persönlichkeit, Empathie und Stress-Resilienz anfällig für Verzerrungen durch sozial erwünschtes Antwortverhalten sind, wenn Sie im Kontext der Studienplatzvergabe im Fach Medizin eingesetzt werden.Methodik: Die Studie fand im Rahmen des AdH der Universität zu Lübeck im August 2015 statt. Untersucht wurden folgende Fragebögen: NEO-FFI, SPF und AVEM. In einem experimentellen 2x1-Zwischensubjekt-Design wurde das Antwortverhalten zwischen einer vermeintlichen Auswahlbedingung und einer Kontrollbedingung verglichen. In der Auswahlbedingung wurde den Bewerberinnen und Bewerbern suggeriert, dass die Fragebögen Teil des Auswahlprozesses seien. In der Kontrollbedingung wurde im Vornherein mitgeteilt, dass die Fragebögen Teil einer wissenschaftlichen Begleitstudie sind.Ergebnisse: Für alle untersuchten Fragebögen weisen die Ergebnisse Unterschiede auf, die auf soziale Erwünschtheit hindeuten. Dabei sind nicht die gesamten Fragebögen betroffen, sondern einzelne Subskalen.Schlussfolgerung: Die Aussagekraft der untersuchten Fragebögen für den Einsatz in der Auswahlsituation muss in Frage gestellt werden. Zukünftige Studien müssen untersuchen, inwiefern sich die hier gefundenen Unterschiede tatsächlich auf den Auswahlprozess auswirken und welche Implikationen sich daraus für deren Einsatz bei der Studienplatzvergabe im Fach Medizin ergeben.

Objective: In many departments of General Practice (GP) in Germany, young doctors who are trainees also work as researchers. Often these trainees work part time at the university and part time as a trainee in clinical practice. However, little is known about the situation of the actors involved. The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of GP trainees, heads of departments and GP trainers regarding the combination of research and GP training.Methods: We conducted a web-based survey with the heads of all German departments of General Practice, GP trainees who also conduct research and their GP trainers. The questionnaires consisted of open and closed questions. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative methods.Results: 28 heads of GP departments and 20 GP trainees responded. The trainees were mostly very satisfied with their situation as a trainee. However, the trainees considered the combination of research and GP training as difficult. The respondents name as problems the coordination of multiple jobs and the lack of credibility given to research in General Practice. They name as solutions research-enabling training programs and uniform requirements in training regarding research.Conclusion: The combination of GP training and scientific research activity is perceived as difficult. However, well-organized and designed programs can improve the quality of the combination., Zielsetzung: An vielen Instituten für Allgemeinmedizin sind Ärzte (w/m) tätig, die sich parallel in der Facharztweiterbildung befinden (im Folgenden: ÄiW). Anders als in anderen klinischen Fächern erfolgt die klinische Weiterbildung dabei häufig bei anderen Arbeitgebern und in Teilzeit. Bislang ist wenig über die Situation der beteiligten Akteure bekannt. Ziel der Studie war es, die Sichtweisen von ÄiW, Institutsleitern (w/m) sowie der Weiterbilder (w/m) auf die Vereinbarkeit von Forschung und Lehre mit der Facharztweiterbildung Allgemeinmedizin zu explorieren.Methodik: Institutsleiter (w/m) an deutschen Universitäten, gleichzeitig wissenschaftlich und klinisch tätige ÄiW und deren klinische Weiterbilder (w/m) wurden webbasiert befragt. Die Fragebögen setzten sich aus offenen und geschlossenen Fragen zusammen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mittels deskriptiver Statistik und qualitativer Methoden analysiert.Ergebnisse: Es antworteten 28 Institutsleiter (w/m) und 20 ÄiW. Die ÄiW waren überwiegend zufrieden bis sehr zufrieden mit der eigenen Weiterbildungssituation. Eine wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit wird von den Befragten jedoch als schwierig vereinbar mit der Facharztweiterbildung angesehen. Als Probleme nannten die Befragten die Koordination mehrerer Arbeitsstellen und die mangelnde Anrechenbarkeit wissenschaftlicher Tätigkeit. Lösungsansätze seien Forschung ermöglichende Verbundweiterbildungen sowie einheitliche Anrechenbarkeit wissenschaftlicher Tätigkeit.Schlussfolgerung: Eine wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit wird von den Befragten als eher schwierig vereinbar mit der Facharztweiterbildung empfunden. Gut organisiert und ausgestaltet (z.B. durch Integration im Rahmen von Verbundweiterbildungsprogrammen und Förderung durch Vorgesetzte) ließen sich beide Tätigkeiten jedoch gut verbinden.

Despite decreasing population in an increasing number of German urban agglomerations, urban expansion and land development pressure is still the main driver behind massive land consumption. This negatively affects natural resources and fosters the loss of ecosystem services in the surrounding suburban areas. Since the high annual land consumption rates have not yet abated, the German Federal government established a quantitative benchmark which aims to reduce land consumption from 113 hectares (280 acres) per day in 2008 to 30 hectares (75 acres) per day in 2020 (http://www.nachhaltigkeitsrat.de). In order to realize this significant step, stakeholders need to focus on more compact settlement development and to use infill strategies. Options include both brownfield development and densification strategies. Despite obvious positive effects of reduced land consumption and protection of natural resources in suburban areas, the specific socio-environmental impacts of infill development remain unclear, especially with regard to residents´ quality of life (QoL) and the provision of urban ecosystem services (UES) including the provision of local climate regulation, recreation or aesthetic features. This study introduces an innovative methodical design for a multicriteria assessment (MCA) of the socio-environmental impacts of new infill development compared to suburban – especially greenfield – development. The multicriteria assessment focuses on the provisioning benefits of urban green space for urban residents. So doing, it bridges the gap between the two concepts of quality of life and urban ecosystems services. The study presents an integrative multicriteria assessment scheme which can be applied by both urban planners and scientists. We show that infill development does not equal a decrease in the environmental conditions in cities.

For nearly one decade, the German political and research-agenda has been to a large extent determined by the ongoing question of how to limit the expansion of settlement areas around cities in order to preserve natural resources, make settlement growth more sustainable and to strengthen the re-use of existing inner-urban areas (see a.o. Kötter et al. 2009a, 2010; Schetke et al. 2009, 2010b). What is already under discussion within the international literature are the recommendations of the German Council for Sustainability to quantitatively reduce the daily greenfield consumption from the current rate of over 100 ha per day to a rate of 30 ha per day in 2020 and to bring urban infill development up to a ratio of 3:1 with greenfield development (German Council for Sustainability, 2004).). This paper addresses the added value beyond those abstract political targets and presents an innovative, multi-criteria assessment (MCA) of greenfield and infill sites to evaluate their sustainability and resource efficiency. MCA development and its incorporation into a Decision Support System (DSS) were accomplished by utilising a stakeholder-driven approach. The resulting tool can be applied in preparing and revising land-use plans. The paper presents the concept and the development process of the MCA-DSS. Test runs with planners prove that the evaluation of potential housing sites using individually weighted environmental indicators helps to identify those strategies of housing development that accord most closely with sustainability goals. The tests further show that the development of greenfield sites generally exhibits less sustainability than that of infill sites.