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Einleitung: Das Sjögren Syndrom ist eine autoimmune entzündliche Erkrankung bei der insbesondere Speicheldrüsen und Tränendrüsen angegriffen werden. Es können aber auch innere Organe und das periphere Nervensystem von der Entzündung betroffen sein. Das Ziel der vorliegenden[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 47. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh), 33. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh), 29. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)

The depiction and description of body techniques of combat have always been a part of martial arts culture. For example, self-defence techniques of the Israeli system of Krav Maga have routinely been depicted and described in books. More recently, the dissemination of similar knowledge has been presented within emerging modern technologies such as online videos and blogs. We argue, however, that such approaches limit and may even harm the development of professional judgement and decision making of self-defence coaches. By focusing on (a) the distinction between declarative and procedural knowledge and (b) the complexity and non-linearity of self-defence situations, we point out the limitations of the depicted and described knowledge in these media (or channels) of communication. In essence, we argue that the focus on providing procedural knowledge to coaches promotes a view that self-defence skill development is linear. These foci ultimately will limit the adaptability of the coach in creating effective skill development programs for practitioners who need to be able to cope with complex dynamics of real world violence.

The crystallisation of sputter-deposited, amorphous In2O3:H films was investigated. The influence of deposition and crystallisation parameters onto crystallinity and electron hall mobility was explored. Significant precipitation of metallic indium was discovered in the crystallised films by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Melting of metallic indium at ~160 &deg, C was suggested to promote primary crystallisation of the amorphous In2O3:H films. The presence of hydroxyl was ascribed to be responsible for the recrystallization and grain growth accompanying the inter-grain In-O-In bounding. Metallic indium was suggested to provide an excess of free electrons in as-deposited In2O3 and In2O3:H films. According to the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, the work function of In2O3:H increased during crystallisation from 4 eV to 4.4 eV, which corresponds to the oxidation process. Furthermore, transparency simultaneously increased in the infraredspectral region. Water was queried to oxidise metallic indium in UHV at higher temperature as compared to oxygen in ambient air. Secondary ion mass-spectroscopy results revealed that the former process takes place mostly within the top ~50 nm. The optical band gap of In2O3:H increased by about 0.2 eV during annealing, indicating a doping effect. This was considered as a likely intra-grain phenomenon caused by both (In0)O&bull, &bull, and (OH&minus, )O&bull, point defects. The inconsistencies in understanding of In2O3:H crystallisation, which existed in the literature so far, were considered and explained by the multiplicity and disequilibrium of the processes running simultaneously.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive, fatal motor neuron disease with a variable natural history. There are no accurate models that predict the disease course and outcomes, which complicates risk assessment and counselling for individual patients, stratification of patients for trials, and timing of interventions. We therefore aimed to develop and validate a model for predicting a composite survival endpoint for individual patients with ALS. Methods: We obtained data for patients from 14 specialised ALS centres (each one designated as a cohort) in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, and the UK. All patients were diagnosed in the centres after excluding other diagnoses and classified according to revised El Escorial criteria. We assessed 16 patient characteristics as potential predictors of a composite survival outcome (time between onset of symptoms and noninvasive ventilation for more than 23 h per day, tracheostomy, or death) and applied backward elimination with bootstrapping in the largest population-based dataset for predictor selection. Data were gathered on the day of diagnosis or as soon as possible thereafter. Predictors that were selected in more than 70% of the bootstrap resamples were used to develop a multivariable Royston-Parmar model for predicting the composite survival outcome in individual patients. We assessed the generalisability of the model by estimating heterogeneity of predictive accuracy across external populations (ie, populations not used to develop the model) using internal–external cross-validation, and quantified the discrimination using the concordance (c) statistic (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve) and calibration using a calibration slope. Findings: Data were collected between Jan 1, 1992, and Sept 22, 2016 (the largest data-set included data from 1936 patients). The median follow-up time was 97·5 months (IQR 52·9–168·5). Eight candidate predictors entered the prediction model: bulbar versus non-bulbar onset (univariable hazard ratio [HR] 1·71, 95% CI 1·63–1·79), age at onset (1·03, 1·03–1·03), definite versus probable or possible ALS (1·47, 1·39–1·55), diagnostic delay (0·52, 0·51–0·53), forced vital capacity (HR 0·99, 0·99–0·99), progression rate (6·33, 5·92–6·76), frontotemporal dementia (1·34, 1·20–1·50), and presence of a C9orf72 repeat expansion (1·45, 1·31–1·61), all p

Aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited by modified in-line direct current magnetron sputtering - so-called serial cosputtering - using two commercial rotatable targets. A metallic aluminum target (secondary target) was used to condition the surface of a rotatable ceramic aluminum-doped zinc oxide target (ZnO:Al2O3 99 : 1 wt %) as the primary target from which the film was deposited. Consequently, the direct current power applied to the secondary target enabled the variation of doping concentration in the deposited film. An optical transmittance >80% with an improved resistivity (

35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 452-455, When designing silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells with a rear-emitter (RE) configuration the requirements of the conductivity of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) at the front side are relaxed due to the contribution of lateral current flow within the silicon wafer. In this study, we analyze two approaches that can be implemented to benefit from this. Firstly, the absorption of the TCO can be reduced by designing a thinner TCO layer than the single-layer anti-reflective optimum. In this case, a second anti-reflecting coating has to be deposited on top of the TCO to minimize reflection losses. Secondly, less conductive and more cost-effective materials can be used without strongly compromising the device’s series resistance Rs and FF and, hence, the cell performance. To quantify the optoelectronic potential of these approaches in detail, we performed a comparative study of three different TCOs: indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al), and hydrogenated indium oxide (IO:H) on rear-emitter SHJ solar cells. From simulations and experimental results, we conclude that, as expected, solar cells with IO:H as the front TCO reach the higheest efficiency. However, low-cost and higher resistive materials such as ZnO:Al can be implemented, without having a mayor efficiency penalty making them, moreover, competitive to the mainstream used ITO.

Expert performance in self-defence situations has not been the subject of rigorous empirical investigation. This study aims is broaden knowledge in self-defence, its development and the role of contact, pain and inju- ry in training, in order to stimulate future research activity. Semi-structured interviews with two Israeli krav maga experts centred on the development of expertise in self-defence. The interviews were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological framework; an induc- tive approach that captures the richness and complexity of the lived experience. Two analytically leading themes emerged concerning a) the characteristics of expert self-defence performance and b) the benefits, drawbacks and limitations of contact and pain in training activities. By examining the analytic observation through a theoretical lens with regards to (a) the key components of decision-making and mind-set and (b) contact, pain and injury in the training process, we point the direction for further avenues of inquiry in the context of self-defence performance and the development of the associated skills.

International audience; A framework has been developed that allows validating CO2 column averaged volume mixing ratios (VMRs) retrieved from ground-based solar absorption measurements using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTS) against measurements made in-situ (such as from aircrafts and tall towers). Since in-situ measurements are done frequently and at high accuracy on the global calibration scale, linking this scale with FTS total column retrievals ultimately provides a calibration scale for remote sensing. FTS, tower and aircraft data were analyzed from measurements during the CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES) from May to June 2005 in Biscarrosse, France. Carbon dioxide VMRs from the MetAir Dimona aircraft, the TM3 global transport model and Observations of the Middle Stratosphere (OMS) balloon based experiments were combined and integrated to compare with the FTS measurements. The comparison allows for calibrating the retrieved carbon dioxide VMRs from the FTS. The Stochastic Time Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model was then utilized to identify differences in surface influence regions or footprints between the FTS and the aircraft CO2 concentrations. Additionally, the STILT model was used to compare carbon dioxide concentrations from a tall tower situated in close proximity to the FTS station. The STILT model was then modified to produce column concentrations of CO2 to facilitate comparison with the FTS data. These comparisons were additionally verified by using the Weather Research and Forecasting ? Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (WRF-VPRM). The differences between the model-tower and the model-FTS were then used to calculate an effective bias of approximately ?2.5 ppm between the FTS and the tower. This bias is attributed to the scaling factor used in the FTS CO2 data, which was to a large extent derived from the aircraft measurements made within a 50 km distance from the FTS station: spatial heterogeneity of carbon dioxide in the coastal area caused a low bias in the FTS calibration. Using STILT for comparing remotely sensed CO2 data with tower measurements of carbon dioxide and quantifying this comparison by means of an effective bias, provided a framework or a "transfer standard" that allowed validating the FTS retrievals versus measurements made in-situ.

We extend the analysis of a global CH4 data set retrieved from SCIAMACHY (Frankenberg et al., 2006) by making a detailed comparison with inverse TM5 model simulations for 2003 that are optimized versus high accuracy CH4 surface measurements from the NOAA ESRL network. The comparison of column averaged mixing ratios over remote continental and oceanic regions shows that major features of the atmospheric CH4 distribution are consistent between SCIAMACHY observations and model simulations. However, the analysis suggests that SCIAMACHY CH4 retrievals may have some bias that depends on latitude and season (up to 30 ppb). Large enhancements of column averaged CH4 mixing ratios ( 50–100 ppb) are observed and modeled over India, Southeast Asia, and the tropical regions of South America, and Africa. We present a detailed comparison of observed spatial patterns and their seasonal evolution with TM5 1 1 zoom simulations over these regions. Application of a new wetland inventory leads to a significant improvement in the agreement between SCIAMACHY retrievals and model simulations over the Amazon basin during the first half of the year. Furthermore, we present an initial coupled inversion that simultaneously uses the surface and satellite observations and that allows the inverse system to compensate for the potential systematic bias. The results suggest significantly greater tropical emissions compared to either the a priori estimates or the inversion based on the surface measurements only. Emissions from rice paddies in India and Southeast Asia are relatively well constrained by the SCIAMACHY data and are slightly reduced by the inversion.