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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a challenge for children. About 15 to 45% of the HIV positive pregnant women can transmit the virus to their children during pregnancy, delivery and/or breastfeeding. The risk of transmission can be decreased my several measures. Aims: To identify factors associated with HIV infection in children born to HIV-infected mothers. Study Design: A multi-center retrospective cohort study. Methods: A ten-year retrospective cohort study in five dedicated HIV centers was conducted. The 325 women in our cohort were between the ages of 18 and 45. During the study period, 44 (13.5%) of these women gave birth and 51 babies were born. Of the 51 infants, 7 (13.7%) were HIV/AIDS positive. Results: Among the factors studied, breastfeeding, having a HIV-positive sibling and being on antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy and detectable HIV-RNA during delivery were found statistically significant. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being on antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy is the most important predictor of mother-to-child transmission. Conclusion: Mother-to-child transmission appears to be an important route of HIV transmission in Turkey. Lack of antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy appears to be a key factor in transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anatolian Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Hayat Saglik ve Sosyal Hizmetler Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes & Antimicrobials is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medeniyet Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bezmialem Science is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes & Antimicrobials is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes & Antimicrobials is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory infection-coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a hyperinflammatory response associated with a Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS). The use of tocilizumab for treating MAS may affect the level of antibodies. In this study, we investigated whether tocilizumab could affect the antibody response in patients. Method: Fifty-five coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients who developed MAS and 55 patients who did not develop MAS were included in the study. There were 25 patients using tocilizumab in the MAS group. We used the blood, which was taken at the time of discharge. Spike antibodies against COVID-19 were examined from the collected blood. The SARS-CoV-2 immünglobulin G (Abbott, USA) commercial kit will be studied quantitatively with the incandescent microparticle immune analysis (CMIA) method on the Architect i1000 (Abbott, USA) device. Statistical analysis was performed using the student t-test. Results: There was no statistical difference between the MAS group and the control group. High-level antibody response was statistically higher in the MAS group (>5,000) (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the antibody response between patients who used and did not use tocilizumab (p>0.05). Conclusion: MAS group has increased antibody response. There was no evidence that the use of tocilizumab altered the antibody response. Large-sample studies are needed for more precise effects of tocilizumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a novel nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV-1 and HBV infections. It provides higher intracellular tenofovir concentrations and lower serum levels. TAF is expected to have efficacy similar to that of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) while reducing tenofovir-associated nephrotoxicity and bone mineral density losses. Following the launch of TAF in Turkey, it has been used widely in HBV treatment and prophylaxis. We studied TAF use in HBV patients in a real life setting across the country. PATIENTS & METHODS: Treatment-naïve, treatment-experienced chronic HBV patients, and HBV carriers given prophylaxis were included. Twenty-six centers from 15 cities were enrolled. Patients' demographics, laboratory studies at baseline (or before TAF) and during TAF treatment were recorded. Data at baseline, in 6th month and in 12th month were compared.. RESULTS: The study included 521 patients: 71 treatment-naïve, 391 treatment-experienced, and 58 given prophylaxis. Among naïve patients, median age was 48 years, male 35 (48.6%), HBeAg-negative 43 (84.3%), median ALT 33 U/L, median fibrosis score 2, and median histologic activity index (HAI) 7. HBV-DNA <20 IU/mL was achieved in 79.4% in 6th month and 84.7% in 12th month. ALT normalization (<35 U/L for men, <25 for women) was 45.6% at baseline, 76.3% in 6th month and 77.8% in 12th month. Creatinine levels and eGFR remained stable from baseline to 6th and 12th months (0.8 mg/dl, 0.97 mg/dl, and 0.78 mg/dl; 90.5 mL/min, 89.5 mL/min, and 101 ml/min, respectively). Among experienced patients, median age was 44 years, male 235 (60.1%), HBeAg-negative 238 (85%), median ALT 23 U/L, median fibrosis score 2, and HAI 7. They were previously using TDF (81.6%), entecavir (8.2%), lamivudine (6.1%), telbivudine (2.9%), and adefovir (1.1%). HBV-DNA <20 IU/mL was 80.7% at baseline. It became 89% in 6th month and 91.5% in 12th month. ALT normalization was 71.6% at baseline, 81.5% in 6th month and 83.9% in 12th month. Creatinine levels and eGFR remained stable from baseline to 6th and 12th months (0.86 mg/dl, 0.86 mg/dl, and 0.88 mg/dl; 92 mL/min, 84.2 mL/min, and 87.2 ml/min, respectively). Among patients given TAF prophylaxis, median age was 57 years, male 24 (41.4%), HBeAg-negative 90.3%, HBsAg-negative 64.3%, and median ALT 20 U/L. ALT normalization was 74.5% at baseline, 73.5% in 6th month and 72% in 12th month. Creatinine levels and eGFR remained stable from baseline to 6th and 12th months (0.97 mg/dl, 0.85 mg/dl, and 0.77 mg/dl; 58 mL/min, 96 mL/min, and 92.5 ml/min, respectively). Among all patients, TAF was tolerated well. Side effects were headache (42, 8.1%), nausea (20, 3.8%), fatigue (19, 3.6%), and rash (6, 1.2%).. CONCLUSION: Real life data confirmed the efficacy and safety of TAF in treatment-naïve, treatment-experienced HBV patients and those given TAF prophylaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes & Antimicrobials is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes & Antimicrobials is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Due to the clinical, social and psychological issues of people living with HIV/AIDS, doctors and dentists should be well educated about these issues. Also, doctors and dentists should be more empathetic and understanding of these patients because they are already being excluded and being judged by society. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some healthcare professionals remain unwilling to provide care for HIV/AIDS patients. In this study, we aimed to search the knowledge levels, attitudes, and behaviors of medical faculty and dentistry faculty students about HIV/AIDS. Method: In this study, a 26-item questionnaire was prepared. Demographic information was used in the first part, knowledge questions in the second part, and AIDS Attitude scale (AAS) in the third part. A total of 189 students, including 113 students from medical faculty and 76 students from dental faculty, participated in the study. The collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 package program. Non-parametric Mann- Whitney test was used for differences between the groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the questionnaire results, medical students’ attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS is more positive than those of dentistry students (p=0.04). Fear of transmission was significantly higher in dental students (p=0.04). However, there was no significant difference between these two faculties in professional resistance and negative emotion subscales (p=0.07, p=0.22). Female students had more positive attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS than male students (p=0.001). When the two groups were compared according to knowledge questions, the knowledge level of medical students was found to be significantly higher than that of dental students (p=0.001). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that attitudes and behaviors towards people living with HIV/AIDS were related to knowledge level. If students are educated more effectively about HIV/AIDS, discriminatory attitudes can be eradicated, and fear of contagion can be decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]