1,033 results on '"Ko, G"'
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2. Benefits, Safety, and Adjunct Modality Prevalences of Long-Term Botulinum Toxin Injections for Cervical Dystonia and Myofascial Neck Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Diep D, Ko J, Lan J, Koprowicz KT, and Ko G
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botulinum toxin ,cervical dystonia ,myofascial pain syndrome ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Dion Diep,1 Jasmine Ko,2 John Lan,3 Kinga T Koprowicz,3 Gordon Ko3,4 1MD Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; 3Canadian Centre of Integrative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada; 4Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, CanadaCorrespondence: Gordon KoClinical Adjunct Lecturer, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, CanadaTel +1416-480-4342Fax +1416-480-6885Email drgordko@rogers.comIntroduction: There is a paucity of long-term treatment benefit and safety data of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) for cervical dystonia (CD) and myofascial neck pain syndrome (MPS). Additionally, the prevalence of adjunct modality uses during this period is unknown despite evolving practices.Objective: To assess and compare treatment benefit, safety, and adjunct modality prevalences of long-term BTX-A injections between CD and MPS patients.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Setting: Private practice tertiary care clinics in Toronto.Patients: Convenience sample of 37 (52.9%) CD and 33 (47.1%) MPS patients treated for a mean±SD duration of 7.2± 4.3 and 8.3± 4.7 years, respectively.Interventions: BTX-A injections administered at least once yearly, for a duration longer than 1 year.Main Outcome Measures: Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scales (TWSTRS) for disability and pain, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) score, time to peak effect, duration of total response, adverse effects, and prevalence of adjunct modalities.Results: CD patients experienced improvements in TWSTRS disability (17.57± 6.79 to 9.81± 4.35, p< 0.001) and pain (14.61± 3.08 to 9.05± 3.49, p< 0.001) scores as well as PGIC score (52.00%± 23.60% to 64.80%± 23.60%, p=0.007). MPS patients experienced improvements in TWSTRS disability (15.86± 7.70 to 10.07± 7.01, p=0.01) and pain (15.25± 4.09 to 10.85± 4.49, p=0.01) scores. In both cohorts, there were no changes in time to peak effect and duration of total response. Adverse effects were minimal and self-limiting. Prevalences of adjunct modalities used by CD versus MPS patients were 28.13% versus 50.00% for anesthetic procedures, 23.08% versus 15.38% for image-guidance, 65.71% versus 56.25% for pectoralis minor injections, and 47.06% versus 53.13% for cannabis-use.Conclusion: There were demonstrated and comparable treatment benefit, safety, and adjunct modality prevalences. Our study is the first to demonstrate that long-term BTX-A injections for MPS, although commonly used off-label, can be effective and safe.Keywords: botulinum toxin, cervical dystonia, myofascial pain syndrome
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- 2020
3. Acute pancreatitis after percutaneous insertion of metallic biliary stents in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer
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Kim, E.T., Gwon, D.I., Kim, J.W., and Ko, G.-Y.
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- 2020
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4. Interventional treatment of bleeding complications due to percutaneous cannulation for peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
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Zheng, L., Kim, P.H., Shin, J.H., Lim, J.Y., Ko, H.K., Gwon, D.I., Ko, G.-Y., and Li, H.L.
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- 2019
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5. Development of a PET subsystem for next generation preclinical PET/EPR for studying tumor hypoxia
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Kim, H., primary, Hua, Y., additional, Chen, C.-T., additional, Epel, B., additional, Sundramoorthy, S., additional, Ko, G.-B., additional, Lee, J.S., additional, Halpern, H., additional, and Kao, C.-M., additional
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- 2023
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6. Pushing the Limit of BGO-based Dual-ended Cherenkov PET Detector Through Photon Transit Time Correction
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Yi, M., primary, Ko, G.-B., additional, and Lee, J.S., additional
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- 2023
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7. Molecular and clinical characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus in South Korea between 2009 and 2014
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PARK, E., PARK, P. H., HUH, J. W., YUN, H. J., LEE, H. K., YOON, M. H., LEE, S., and KO, G.
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- 2017
8. DOES TEXTING IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETES? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
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Pirouzmand, N., primary, Ko, G., additional, Ko, D., additional, Shah, B., additional, Porter, J., additional, and Godoy, L., additional
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- 2023
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9. B-071 Comparison of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Between ChAd-BNT Heterologous Vaccination and BNT-BNT Homologous Vaccination Following the third BNT Dose: A Prospective Cohort Study
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Kang, H, primary, Sim, W, additional, Jung, J, additional, Lee, J, additional, Ko, G, additional, Park, H, additional, Cha, K, additional, Choi, J, additional, Park, K, additional, and Oh, E, additional
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- 2023
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10. Free Agent
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Ko, Ginger
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- 2024
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11. Interventional treatment of arterial injury during blind central venous catheterisation in the upper thorax: experience from two centres
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Park, S., Jeong, B., Shin, J.H., Kim, J.H., Kim, J.W., Gwon, D.I., Ko, G.-Y., and Chen, C.S.
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- 2020
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12. Bleeding after dilatation and curettage: the efficacy of transcatheter uterine artery embolisation
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Song, Y., Shin, J.H., Yoon, H.-K., Kim, J.W., Ko, G.-Y., and Won, H.-S.
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- 2015
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13. Transarterial embolisation of renal arteriovenous malformation: safety and efficacy in 24 patients with follow-up
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Eom, H.-J., Shin, J.H., Cho, Y.J., Nam, D.H., Ko, G.-Y., and Yoon, H.-K.
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- 2015
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14. CO118 TRK Inhibitor Treatment Patterns in Patients with NTRK Fusion-Positive Solid Tumors: A Multi-Site Cohort Study at U.S. Academic Cancer Centers
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Willis, C, primary, Au, T, additional, Griswold, C, additional, Schabath, MB, additional, Thompson, J, additional, Malhotra, J, additional, Ko, G, additional, Appukkuttan, S, additional, Warnock, N, additional, Kong, S, additional, Hocum, B, additional, Brixner, D, additional, and Stenehjem, D, additional
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- 2022
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15. Risk factors associated with human papillomavirus infection status in a Korean cohort
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LEE, H., LEE, D.-H., SONG, Y.-M., LEE, K., SUNG, J., and KO, G.
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- 2014
16. High risk of conversion to diabetes in first‐degree relatives of individuals with young‐onset type 2 diabetes: a 12‐year follow‐up analysis
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Zhang, Y., Luk, A. O. Y., Chow, E., Ko, G. T. C., Chan, M. H. M., Ng, M., Kong, A. P. S., Ma, R. C. W., Ozaki, R., So, W. Y., Chow, C. C., and Chan, J. C. N.
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- 2017
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17. A multicentre demonstration project to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the web‐based Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) programme with or without nurse support in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes
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Tutino, G. E., Yang, W. Y., Li, X., Li, W. H., Zhang, Y. Y., Guo, X. H., Luk, A. O., Yeung, R. O. P., Yin, J. M., Ozaki, R., So, W. Y., Ma, R. C. W., Ji, L. N., Kong, A. P. S., Weng, J. P., Ko, G. T. C., Jia, W. P., Chan, J. C. N., Zhu, Yu, Xing, Xiaoping, Ping, Fan, Zhang, Junqing, Ma, Xiaowei, Hong, Jing, Hou, Xuhong, and Zhu, Yanhua
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- 2017
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18. Developing a Multimodal Entertainment Tool with Intuitive Navigation, Hands-Free Control, and Avatar Features, to Increase User Interactivity
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Barrington, N., primary, Gayle, C., additional, Hensien, E., additional, Ko, G., additional, Lin, M., additional, Palnati, S., additional, and Gerling, G.J., additional
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- 2022
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19. ULTRASOUND-GUIDED INJECTIONS FOR CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC LOW BACK PAIN: BOTULINUM TOXIN-A AND PLATELET-RICH PLASMA-CASE REPORTS WITH 5 YEAR FOLLOW-UP: WIP16–0043
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Ko, G., Hum, A., McDonald, R., Lawson, G., Tsai, M., Freund, B., and Finkelstein, I.
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- 2016
20. Transcatheter arterial chemo-lipiodol infusion for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in 96 high-risk patients
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Yoon, H.-J., Kim, J.H., Kim, K.-A., Lee, I.-S., Ko, G.-Y., Song, H.-Y., and Gwon, D.I.
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- 2010
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21. Volumetric analysis of the liver after right portal vein embolization: mid-term follow-up based on embolization score
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Shin, J.H., Yoon, H.-K., Kwon, J., Lee, S.W., Chae, E.Y., Ko, G.-Y., Sung, K.B., and Gwon, D.-I.
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- 2010
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22. Non-linear relationship between birthweight and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese adolescents and adults
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Tam, C. H. T., Wang, Y., Luan, J., Lee, H. M., Luk, A. O. Y., Tutino, G. E., Tong, P. C. Y., Ko, G. T. C., Ozaki, R., Tam, W. H., Kong, A. P. S., So, W. Y., Chan, J. C. N., and Ma, R. C. W.
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- 2015
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23. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma: imaging findings and palliative treatment with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or embolization
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Park, Y.S., Kim, J.H., Kim, K.W., Lee, I.S., Yoon, H.-K., Ko, G.-Y., and Sung, K.-B.
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- 2009
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24. Rebamipide abolishes Helicobacter pylori CagA-induced phospholipase D1 expression via inhibition of NFκB and suppresses invasion of gastric cancer cells
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Kang, D W, Hwang, W C, Park, M H, Ko, G-H, Ha, W-S, Kim, K-S, Lee, Y-C, Choi, K-Y, and Min, D S
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- 2013
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25. Comparison of conventional T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI in identification of cystics lesion in the cerebrospinal fluid space
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Ko, G. Y., Goo, D. E., Lee, H. K., Suh, D. C., Takahashi, Mutsumasa, editor, Korogi, Yukunori, editor, and Moseley, Ivan, editor
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- 1995
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26. DOES TEXTING IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETES? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
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Pirouzmand, N., Ko, G., Ko, D., Shah, B., Porter, J., and Godoy, L.
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- 2023
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27. High rate of increased carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques in Chinese asymptomatic subjects with central obesity
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Ko, G. T., Chow, C. C., Leung, G., Au-Yeung, T. W., Chan, W. B., Lam, C. S., Lo, M., and Lee, K. K.
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- 2011
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28. Risk associations of obesity with sugar-sweetened beverages and lifestyle factors in Chinese: the ‘Better Health for Better Hong Kong’ health promotion campaign
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Ko, G T, So, W-y, Chow, C-c, Wong, P T, Tong, S D, Hui, S S, Kwok, R, Chan, A, Chan, C L, and Chan, J C
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- 2010
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29. Worsening trend of central obesity despite stable or declining body mass index in Hong Kong Chinese between 1996 and 2005
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Ko, G T, Tang, J S, and Chan, J C N
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- 2010
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30. Appropriateness of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio cutoffs for different ethnic groups
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Lear, S A, James, P T, Ko, G T, and Kumanyika, S
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- 2010
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31. Body fat distribution and noncommunicable diseases in populations: overview of the 2008 WHO Expert Consultation on Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio
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Nishida, C, Ko, G T, and Kumanyika, S
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- 2010
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32. The effects of diet and orlistat on body weight and lipid profiles in high risk Chinese patients with coronary artery disease, obesity and hypercholesterolemia
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Chan, K. W., Leung, W. S., Fung, Y. S., Hung, H. F., Tsui, P., Chu, H., Chan, Y. W., Ko, G. T. C., and Yeung, V. T. F.
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- 2009
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33. PCN178 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Olaparib and Novel Hormonal Therapies in Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
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Ko, G., primary and Hansen, R., additional
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- 2021
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34. Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
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Campbell, P. J. a., Abpemail, Author, Getz, G. b., C, D, Eemail, Author, Korbel, J. O. f., Gemail, Author, Stuart, hEmail Author, J. M., Jennings, J. L. i., Stein, J, L. D. k., Lemail, Author, Perry, M. D. m., Nahal-Bose, N, Ouellette, H. K. n., B. F. F. o., P, C. H. k., Li, Rheinbay, Q, E. b., E, Nielsen, R, Sgroi, G. P. r., D. C. r., Wu, C. -L. r., Faquin, W. C. r., Deshpande, V. r., Boutros, P. C. k., Q, S, Lazar, T, Hoadley, A. J. u., K. A. v., W, Louis, D. N. r., Dursi, L. J. k., Yung, X, Bailey, C. K. n., M. H. y., Z, Saksena, G. b., Raine, Abp, K. M., Buchhalter, Aa, I., Ab, Ac, Kleinheinz, Aa, K., Schlesner, Ac, Aa, M., Zhang, Ad, Wang, J. n., Ae, W., Wheeler, D. A., Af, Ding, Ag, L. y., Z, Simpson, Ah, J. T. k., Ai, O’Connor, B. D. n., Yakneen, Aj, Ellrott, S. g., Ak, K., Miyoshi, Al, N., Butler, Abp, A. P., Royo, Am, R., Shorser, S. I. k., Vazquez, Am, M., Rausch, An, Tiao, T. g., Waszak, G. b., Rodriguez-Martin, S. M. g., Ao, B., Ap, Aq, Shringarpure, Ar, S., D. -Y., As, Demidov, G. M., At, Au, Av, Delaneau, Aw, O., Ax, Ay, Hayashi, Al, S., Imoto, Habermann, N. g., Segre, A. V. b., Garrison, Az, Abp, E., Cafferkey, A. f., Alvarez, E. G., Ao, Heredia-Genestar, J. M., Ba, Muyas, At, F., Drechsel, At, O., Bruzos, Av, A. L., Ao, Temes, Ao, J., Zamora, Ap, Abp, Baez-Ortega, Bb, A., Kim, H. -L., Bc, Mashl, R. J. z., Bd, Ye, Be, K., Dibiase, Bf, Bg, A., Huang, K. -L. z., Letunic, Bh, Bi, I., Mclellan, M. D. y., Z, Ah, Newhouse, S. J. f., Shmaya, As, T., Kumar, Bj, S., Wedge, Bk, D. C., Bl, Abp, Bm, Wright, M. H., Ar, Yellapantula, V. D., Bn, Gerstein, Bo, Bj, M., Bk, Bp, Khurana, Bq, E., Br, Bs, Marques-Bonet, Bt, Bu, T., Bv, Bw, Navarro, Bx, Bu, A., Bustamante, C. D., Ar, Siebert, By, Bz, R., Nakagawa, Ca, Cb, H., Easton, D. F., Cc, Ossowski, Cd, At, S., Tubio, J. M. C., Ao, De La Vega, F. M., Ar, As, By, Estivill, At, X., Yuen, Ce, Mihaiescu, D. k., Omberg, G. L. n., Cf, L., Ferretti, V. n., Sabarinathan, Cg, Ch, R., Ci, Cj, Pich, Ch, O., Gonzalez-Perez, Cj, Ch, A., Taylor-Weiner, Cj, Ck, A., Fittall, M. W., Cl, Demeulemeester, Cl, J., Tarabichi, Cm, Cl, M., Abp, Roberts, Abp, N. D., Van, Loo, Cl, P., Cortés-Ciriano, Cm, Cn, I., Co, Cp, Urban, L. f., Park, G, Co, P., Zhu, Cp, Cq, B., Pitkänen, E. g., Abp, Y., Saini, Cr, N., Klimczak, L. J., Cs, Weischenfeldt, J. g., Ct, Cu, Sidiropoulos, Cu, N., Alexandrov, L. B., Cv, Abp, Rabionet, At, R., Av, Cw, Escaramis, At, G., Cx, Cy, Bosio, At, Av, Holik, A. Z., At, Susak, At, H., Prasad, Av, Av, A., Erkek, S. g., Calabrese, C. f., Raeder, G, Harrington, B. g., Cz, E., Mayes, Da, S., Turner, Da, D., Juul, Cz, S., Roberts, S. A., Db, Song, Cq, L., Koster, Dc, R., Mirabello, Hua, Cq, X., Tanskanen, T. J., Dd, Tojo, Aq, M., Chen, Bk, J., Aaltonen, De, L. A., Df, Rätsch, Dg, G., Dh, Di, Dj, Dk, Schwarz, Dl, R. F. f., Dm, Dn, Do, Butte, A. J., Dp, Brazma, A. f., Chanock, S. J., Cq, Chatterjee, Dq, N., Stegle, Dr, O. f., G, Harismendy, Ds, Dt, O., Bova, G. S., Du, Gordenin, D. A., Cr, Haan, D. h., Sieverling, Dv, L., Feuerbach, Dw, Chalmers, Dx, D., Joly, Dy, Y., Knoppers, Dy, B., Molnár-Gábor, Dz, F., Phillips, Dy, M., Thorogood, Dy, A., Townend, Dy, D., Goldman, Ea, M., Fonseca, N. A. f., Xiang, Eb, Craft, Q. n., Ea, B., Piñeiro-Yáñez, Ec, E., Muñoz, A. f., Petryszak, R. f., Füllgrabe, A. f., Al-Shahrour, Ec, F., Keays, M. f., Haussler, Ea, D., Weinstein, Ed, Ee, J., Huber, Ef, Valencia, W. g., Am, A., Papatheodorou, Bw, Zhu, I. f., Ea, J., Fan, Ae, Y., Torrents, Am, D., Bieg, Bw, Eg, M., Chen, Eh, Ei, K., Chong, Ej, Z., Cibulskis, K. b., Eils, Aa, R., Ac, Ek, Fulton, El, R. S. y., Z, Gelpi, Ah, J. L., Am, Gonzalez, Em, S. f., G, Gut, I. G., Av, Hach, Bu, En, F., Heinold, Eo, Ac, Hu, Ep, T., Huang, V. k., Hutter, Eh, B., Eq, Er, Jäger, Aa, N., Jung, Es, J., Ep, Y., Lalansingh, C. k., Leshchiner, I. b., Livitz, D. b., E. Z., Ep, Maruvka, Y. E. b., R, Et, Milovanovic, Nielsen, M. M., Eu, Paramasivam, Pedersen, Eh, J. S., Eu, Puiggròs, Ev, Sahinalp, S. C., Eo, Ew, Ex, Sarrafi, Eo, I., Stewart, Ex, Stobbe, C. b., M. D., Av, Wala, Bu, J. A. b., E, Wang, Ey, J. z., Be, Wendl, Ez, M. z., Fa, Werner, Fb, Aa, J., Fc, Wu, Ep, Z., Xue, Ep, H., Yamaguchi, T. N. k., Bn, V., Davis-Dusenbery, Bo, B. N., Fd, Grossman, R. L., Fe, Ff, Y., Heinold, Fg, M. C., Aa, Hinton, Ac, Abp, J., Jones, Abp, D. R., Menzies, Abp, A., Stebbings, Abp, L., Hess, J. M. b., Rosenberg, Et, M. b., R, Dunford, A. J. b., Gupta, M. b., Imielinski, Fh, M., Meyerson, Fi, M. b., E, Beroukhim, Ey, R. b., E, Reimand, Fj, J. k., Q, Dhingra, Br, P., Favero, Bt, Fk, F., Dentro, Bl, S., Abp, Cl, Wintersinger, Fl, J., Fm, Fn, Rudneva, V. g., Park, J. W., Fo, Hong, E. P., Fo, Heo, S. G., Fo, Kahles, Dg, A., Lehmann, K. -V., Dg, Di, Dj, Fp, Fq, Soulette, C. M., Aj, Shiraishi, Al, Y., Liu, Fr, F., Fs, He, Fr, Y., Demircioğlu, Ft, D., Davidson, Fu, N. R., Dg, Dl, Fp, Greger, L. f., Fv, S., Liu, Fw, Fv, D., Stark, Fw, S. G., Dj, Fp, Fx, Zhang, Fy, Amin, S. B., Fz, Ga, Gb, Bailey, Gc, P., Chateigner, A. n., Frenkel-Morgenstern, Gd, M., Hou, Fv, Y., Huska, Fw, M. R., Dm, Kilpinen, Ge, H., Lamaze, F. C. k., Fv, C., Fw, Li, Fv, X., Marin, Fw, M. G., Aj, Markowski, Dm, J., Nandi, Gf, T., Ojesina, A. I., Gg, Gh, Gi, Pan-Hammarström, Fv, Q., Park, Gj, P. J., Co, Pedamallu, Cp, C. S. b., E, Fj, Su, Fv, H., Tan, Fw, Gf, P., Gk, Gl, Teh, Gm, B. T., Gk, Gl, Gm, Gn, Go, Wang, Fv, J., Xiong, Fw, Ye, Yung, Fw, Zhang, C. n., Zheng, Fr, L., Zhu, Awadalla, Fw, P. k., L, Creighton, C. J., Gp, Fv, K., Yang, Fw, Göke, Ft, J., Zhang, Gq, Fr, Z., Brooks, Gr, A. N. b., Aj, Fittall, Ey, Martincorena, Abp, I., Rubio-Perez, Ch, C., Cj, Gs, Eu, M., Schumacher, S. b., Shapira, Gt, O. b., Ey, Tamborero, Ch, D., Mularoni, Cj, Ch, L., Hornshøj, Cj, Eu, H., Deu-Pons, Cj, J., Muiños, Gu, Ch, F., Bertl, Cj, Eu, J., Guo, Gv, Ev, Q., Gonzalez-Perez, Cj, Gw, Xiang, Gx, Q., Bazant, W. f., Barrera, E. f., Al-Sedairy, S. T., Gy, Aretz, Gz, A., Bell, Ha, C., Betancourt, Hb, M., Buchholz, Hc, C., Calvo, Hd, F., Chomienne, He, C., Dunn, Hf, M., Edmonds, Hg, S., Green, Hh, E., Gupta, Hi, S., C. M., Hh, Jegalian, Hj, K., Hk, N., Hl, Y., Hm, Hn, Nakagama, Ho, H., Nettekoven, Hp, G., Planko, Hp, L., Scott, Hk, D., Shibata, Hq, T., Shimizu, Hr, Hs, K., Stratton, Abp, M. R., Yugawa, Hs, T., Tortora, Ht, G., Vijayraghavan, Hu, Hi, K., Zenklusen, J. C., Hv, Hw, D., B. M., Dy, Aminou, B. n., Bartolome, Am, J., Boroevich, K. A., Cb, Boyce, Hx, Buchanan, R. f., Ak, A., Byrne, N. J. n., Hy, Z., Cho, Hz, S., Choi, Ia, W., Clapham, Abp, P., Dow, M. T., Hy, Eils, X, Ek, J., Farcas, El, Hy, C., Fayzullaev, N. n., Flicek, P. f., Heath, A. P., Ib, Hofmann, Ic, O., J. H., Id, Hudson, T. J., Ie, Hübschmann, If, Ac, D., Do, Ek, Ig, Ih, Ivkovic, Ii, S., Jeon, S. -H., Ia, Jiao, W. k., Kabbe, Dj, Fq, Kerssemakers, J. N. A., Aa, Ia, H., Ij, J., Koscher, Ik, M., Koures, Hy, A., Kovacevic, Ii, M., Lawerenz, El, C., Il, J., Mijalkovic, Mijalkovic-Lazic, A. M., Ii, Miyano, Nastic, Nicholson, Ocana, D. f., Ohi, Al, K., Ohno-Machado, Hy, L., Pihl, T. D., Im, Prinz, Radovic, Ii, P., Short, C. f., Sofia, H. J., Hh, Spring, Fe, J., Struck, A. J., Ak, Tijanic, Ii, N., Vicente, Hv, Z., Williams, Woo, Ia, Y., Wright, A. J. k., Yang, Hv, L., Hamilton, M. P., In, Johnson, T. A., Hx, Kahraman, Io, A., Ip, Iq, Kellis, M. b., Polak, Ir, P. b., C, Sallari, E, Sinnott-Armstrong, R. b., N. b., Ar, Von, Mering, Iq, C., Beltran, Is, Av, S., Gerhard, Bu, D. S., It, Av, M., Trotta, Bu, J. -R., Bu, Whalley, J. P., Bu, Niu, Iu, B., Espiritu, S. M. G. k., Gao, Ez, Y., Lalansingh, Iv, Teague, C. M. k., Abp, J. W., Wendl, M. C. z., Fa, Fb, Abascal, Abp, F., Bader, G. D. l., Bandopadhayay, P. b., Iw, Ix, Barenboim, J. k., Brunak, Iy, S., Carlevaro-Fita, Iz, Ja, J., Jb, Jc, Chakravarty, Jd, D., Chan, Je, C. W. Y., Aa, Choi, Dw, J. K., Jf, Diamanti, Jg, K., Fink, Frigola, Jh, Gu, J., Gambacorti-Passerini, Ji, C., Garsed, D. W., Jj, Haradhvala, N. J. b., Harmanci, R, A. O., Bk, Helmy, Jk, Fm, M., Herrmann, Aa, C., Ac, Jl, Hobolth, Ev, A., Hodzic, Gv, Ex, E., Dv, C., Isaev, Dw, K. k., Q, Izarzugaza, J. M. G., Iy, Jb, R., Juul, Jm, R. I., Eu, Kim, J. b., J. K., Jn, Jan, Komorowskijg, Lanzós, Jo, Jb, A., Jc, Jm, Larsson, Dg, E., Lee, Bk, D., Bk, S., Bk, X., Lin, Z. b., Liu, Jp, E. M., Br, Bt, Jq, Lochovsky, Bj, L., Bk, Gb, Lou, Madsen, Bk, Eu, T., Marchal, Jr, K., Martinez-Fundichely, Js, Br, A., Bs, Bt, Mcgillivray, P. D., Bj, Meyerson, Bk, W., Paczkowska, Jt, Park, M. k., Ju, K., Park, Jv, Jw, K., Pons, Jx, T., Pulido-Tamayo, Jr, S., Reyes-Salazar, Js, Ch, I., Reyna, M. A., Jy, Rubin, M. A., Jm, Jz, Ka, Kb, Kc, Salichos, Sander, Bk, Dg, C., Ey, Kd, Schumacher, Ke, S. E. b., Gt, Shackleton, Jj, M., Shen, Ke, C., Shrestha, Kf, Eo, R., Shuai, S. k., Tsunoda, L, Hx, T., Kg, Kh, Umer, Ki, H. M., Jg, Uusküla-Reimand, Kj, Kk, L., Verbeke, Kl, L. P. C., Js, Wadelius, Km, Kn, C., Wadi, L. k., Warrell, Bj, J., Bk, Wu, Ko, G., Kp, J., Zhang, Ez, X., Zhang, Kq, Bk, Y., Kr, Ks, Zhao, Kt, Z., Zou, Ku, L., Lawrence, M. S. b., R, Hx, Raphael, B. J., Jy, P. J., Gc, Craft, D. b., Goldman, Kv, M. J., Ea, Aburatani, Kw, H., Binder, Kx, H., Dinh, Ky, H. Q., Kz, S. C., Av, Hoffmann, Bu, Kx, S., Ky, La, Imbusch, Lb, C. D., Dv, Kretzmer, Ky, H., Laird, Lb, P. W., Lc, Martin-Subero, J. I., Bw, Nagae, Ld, Kw, G., Shen, Le, Lf, H., Ik, Q., Weichenhan, Lg, D., Zhou, Lf, W., Berman, B. P., Kz, Lh, Li, Brors, Dv, B., Er, Lj, Plass, Lg, C., Akdemir, K. C., Ei, Bowtell, D. D. L., Jj, Burns, K. H., Lk, Busanovich, Ll, J. b., Lm, Chan, Ln, K., Dueso-Barroso, Edwards, P. A., Lo, Etemadmoghadam, Lp, Jj, D., Haber, J. E., Lq, D. T. W., Lr, Ls, Ju, Y. S., Jf, Abp, Kazanov, M. D., Lt, Lu, Lv, Koh, Lw, Y., Kumar, Lx, Lee, K. b., E. A., Ly, J. J. -K., Co, Lynch, Cp, A. G., Lo, Lp, Lz, Macintyre, Lo, G., Markowetz, Lo, F., Navarro, Lp, F. C. P., Bj, Pearson, J. V., Ma, Rippe, Mb, Do, K., Scully, Mc, R., Villasante, Am, I., Waddell, Ma, N., Yang, Mb, Md, L., Yao, Fh, X., Yoon, Me, S. -S., Lx, C. -Z. b., E, Ey, Bergstrom, E. N., Mf, Boot, Gl, A., Covington, Mg, Ag, K., Fujimoto, Cb, A., M. N., Gl, Islam, Mg, S. M. A., Cv, Mcpherson, J. R., Gl, Morganella, Mg, Abp, S., Mustonen, Mh, V., Mi, Mj, A. W. T., Mk, Prokopec, S. D. k., Vázquez-García, Bn, I., Ml, Mm, Abp, Wu, Gl, Y., Yousif, Mg, F. k., Yu, Mn, W., Rozen, S. G., Gl, Gm, Mg, Rudneva, V. A. g., S. S., Ar, D. J., Da, Xia, Mo, T., Atwal, G. k., L, Fn, Chang, D. K., Gc, Cooke, Mp, S. L., Gc, Faltas, B. M., Dl, Haider, S. k., Kaiser, V. B., Mq, Karlić, Mr, R., Kato, Ms, M., Kübler, K. b., E, R, Margolin, Martin, Mt, S., Abp, Nik-Zainal, Mu, S., Mv, Mw, Abp, P’Ng, Semple, C. k., C. A., Mq, Smith, Ak, J., Sun, R. X. k., Thai, K. n., D. W., Mx, Yuan, My, Lo, K., Mt, Mz, Biankin, A. V., Gc, Mp, Na, Garraway, Nb, Ey, L., Grimmond, S. M., Nc, Adams, Abp, D. J., Anur, Nd, P., Cao, Ae, S., Christie, E. L., Jj, Cmero, Ne, M., Nf, Ng, Cun, Nh, Y., Dawson, Abp, K. J., S. C., Bl, Deshwar, A. G., Ni, Donmez, Eo, N., Drews, Ex, R. M., Lo, Gerstung, M. f., G, Ha, Haase, G. b., Cl, K., Jerman, L. g., Nj, Ji, Nk, Y., Jolly, Nl, Cl, C., Nm, J., Lee-Six, Abp, H., Malikic, Eo, S., Mitchell, Ex, T. J., Lp, Abp, Nn, Morris, Q. D., Fn, Oesper, No, Np, L., Peifer, Nh, M., Peto, Nq, M., Rosebrock, D. b., Rubanova, Ai, Y., Salcedo, Fn, Sengupta, A. k., Nr, S., Shi, No, R., Shin, S. J., Fy, Spiro, O. b., Vembu, No, S., Wintersinger, Ns, J. A., Fl, T. -P., Nh, Nt, K., Nu, H., Spellman, Nv, P. T., Nw, Weinstein, J. N., Ee, Chen, Ef, Fujita, Cb, M., Han, Kq, L., Hasegawa, Al, T., Komura, Al, M., Ae, J., Mizuno, Nx, S., Shimizu, Al, E., Ny, Xu, Nz, Y., Yamaguchi, Al, R., No, F., Kq, Y., Yoon, C. J., Jf, Yuan, Liang, Ae, H., Alawi, Oa, M., Borozan, Ob, Brewer, I. k., D. S., Oc, Cooper, Od, C. S., Od, Oe, Of, Desai, N. n., Grundhoff, Oa, A., Iskar, Og, Oh, M., Oi, X., Zapatka, Lichter, Eq, P., Alsop, Oh, Jj, K., Bruxner, T. J. C., Jh, Christ, A. N., Jh, Cordner, S. M., Oj, Cowin, P. A., Ok, Drapkin, Ol, R., Fereday, Ok, S., George, Gb, J., Ok, A., Holmes, Ma, O., Hung, Mb, J. A., Om, Kassahn, On, K. S., Jh, Kazakoff, Oo, S. H., Ma, Kennedy, Mb, C. J., Op, Leonard, Oq, C. R., Ma, Mileshkin, Mb, Jj, L., Miller, D. K., Jh, Mp, Or, Arnau, G. M., Ok, Mitchell, Ok, C., Newell, Ma, F., Nones, Mb, Ma, K., Patch, Mb, A. -M., Ma, Quinn, Mb, M. C., Ma, Taylor, Mb, D. F., Jh, Thorne, Ok, H., Traficante, Ok, N., Vedururu, Ok, R., N. M., Mb, Waring, P. M., Os, Wood, Ma, S., Mb, Xu, Ma, Q., Defazio, Mb, Ot, A., Ou, Ov, Anderson, M. J., Jh, Antonello, Ow, D., Barbour, A. P., Ox, Bassi, Oy, Ow, C., Bersani, Oz, S., Cataldo, Oz, I., Chantrill, Pa, L. A., Mp, Chiew, Pb, Y. -E., Ot, Chou, Mp, A., Cingarlini, Pc, Ht, S., Cloonan, Pd, N., Corbo, Pa, V., Davi, Pe, M. V., Pf, Duthie, F. R., Gc, Gill, Pg, A. J., Mp, Graham, Pc, J. S., Gc, Harliwong, Ph, Jh, I., Jamieson, N. B., Gc, Nb, Pi, Johns, A. L., Mp, Kench, Or, J. G., Mp, Pc, Pj, Landoni, Ow, L., Lawlor, R. T., Pa, Mafficini, Pa, A., Merrett, N. D., Ow, Miotto, Pk, Ow, M., Musgrove, E. A., Gc, Nagrial, A. M., Mp, Oien, K. A., Os, Pajic, Pl, Mp, M., Pinese, Pm, M., Robertson, A. J., Jh, Rooman, Mp, I., Rusev, B. C., Pa, Samra, J. S., Ow, Scardoni, Pc, Oz, M., Scarlett, C. J., Mp, Scarpa, Pn, Sereni, Ow, E., Sikora, K. O., Pa, Simbolo, Pe, M., Taschuk, M. L. n., Toon, C. W., Mp, Vicentini, Pa, C., Mp, J., Zeps, Po, N., Behren, Pp, Pq, A., Burke, Pr, H., Cebon, Pq, J., Dagg, R. A., Ps, Paoli-Iseppi, De, Pt, R., Dutton-Regester, Field, M. A., Pu, Fitzgerald, Pv, A., Hersey, Pr, P., Jakrot, Pr, V., Johansson, P. A., Ma, Kakavand, Pt, H., Kefford, R. F., Pw, Lau, L. M. S., Px, Long, G. V., Py, Pickett, H. A., Px, Pritchard, A. L., Ma, Pupo, G. M., Pz, Saw, R. P. M., Py, Schramm, S. -J., Qa, Shang, C. A., Pv, Py, P., Spillane, A. J., Py, Stretch, J. R., Py, Tembe, Ot, V., Thompson, Qa, J. F., Py, Vilain, R. E., Qb, Wilmott, J. S., Py, J. Y., Qc, Hayward, N. K., Ma, Mann, Pr, G. J., Ot, Scolyer, Qd, R. A., Ou, Py, Qb, Bartlett, Qe, Qf, J., Bavi, Qg, Qh, P., Chadwick, D. E., Qi, Chan-Seng-Yue, Qh, M., Cleary, Qh, S., Connor, Qj, A. A., Qj, Czajka, Qk, If, K., Denroche, R. E., Qh, Dhani, N. C., Ql, Eagles, If, J., Gallinger, Qj, Qk, Grant, R. C., Qh, Hedley, Qk, Ql, D., Hollingsworth, M. A., Qm, Jang, G. H., Qh, Kalimuthu, S. -B., Qn, Lungu, Qh, I., Luo, Qo, Mbabaali, X. k., If, F., T. A., Qk, J. K., If, Moore, M. J., Ql, Notta, Qh, F., Pasternack, Qp, If, D., Petersen, G. M., Qq, Roehrl, M. H. A. q., Qh, Qr, Qs, Qt, Sam, If, M., Selander, Qk, I., Serra, Os, S., Shahabi, Qn, S., Thayer, S. P., Qm, Timms, L. E., If, Wilson, G. W. k., Wilson, Qh, J. M., Qh, Wouters, B. G., Qu, J. D., If, Qh, Qv, Beck, T. A. n., Bhandari, Qw, Collins, V. k., C. C., Eo, Fleshner, N. E., Qx, Fox, N. S. k., Fraser, M. k., Heisler, L. E., Qy, Lalonde, E. k., Livingstone, J. k., Meng, Qz, A., Sabelnykova, V. Y. k., Shiah, Y. -J. k., Van der Kwast, Ra, T., Bristow, R. G. q., Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Ding, Rf, S., Rg, D., Fv, L., Nie, Rg, Y., Xiao, Rh, Xing, Hm, R., Yang, Ri, Rj, Y., Banks, R. E., Rk, Bourque, Rl, G., Brennan, Rm, Rn, P., Letourneau, Ro, L., Riazalhosseini, Rm, Y., Scelo, Rn, G., Vasudev, Rk, N., Viksna, Rp, Rq, J., Lathrop, Rm, M., Tost, Rr, J., Ahn, S. -M., Rs, Aparicio, Rt, S., Arnould, Ru, L., Aure, M. R., Rv, Bhosle, Abp, S. G., Birney, E. f., Borg, Rw, A., Boyault, Rx, S., Brinkman, A. B., Ry, Brock, J. E., Rz, Broeks, Sa, A., Børresen-Dale, A. -L., Rv, Caldas, Sb, C., Chin, Sc, S. -F., Sb, Davies, Sc, Mu, H., Abp, Mv, Desmedt, Sd, C., Dirix, Se, Sf, L., Dronov, Ehinger, Sg, A., Eyfjord, J. E., Sh, Fatima, Gt, A., Foekens, J. A., Si, Futreal, P. A., Sj, Garred, Sk, Ø., Giri, Sl, D. D., Sm, Glodzik, Abp, D., Grabau, Sn, D., Hilmarsdottir, Sh, H., Hooijer, G. K., So, Jacquemier, Sp, J., S. J., Sq, Jonasson, J. G., Sh, Jonkers, Sr, J., H. -Y., Sp, King, T. A., Ss, Knappskog, St, Su, S., Abp, Kong, Sp, G., Krishnamurthy, Sv, S., Lakhani, S. R., Sw, Langerød, Rv, A., Larsimont, Sx, D., H. J., Sq, J. -Y., Sy, M. T. M., Sj, Lingjærde, O. C., Sz, Macgrogan, Ta, G., Martens, J. W. M., Si, O’Meara, Pauporté, He, I., Pinder, Tb, S., Pivot, Tc, X., Provenzano, Td, E., Purdie, C. A., Te, Ramakrishna, Abp, M., Ramakrishnan, Abp, K., Reis-Filho, Sm, J., Richardson, A. L., Gt, Ringnér, Rw, M., Rodriguez, J. B., Am, Rodríguez-González, F. G., Iz, Romieu, Tf, G., Salgado, Os, R., Sauer, Sz, T., Shepherd, Abp, R., Sieuwerts, A. M., Si, Simpson, P. T., Sw, Smid, Si, M., Sotiriou, Span, P. N., Tg, Stefánsson, Ó. A., Th, Stenhouse, Ti, A., Stunnenberg, H. G., Fw, Sweep, Tj, Tk, F., Tan, B. K. T., Tl, Thomas, Tm, G., Thompson, A. M., Ti, Tommasi, Tn, S., Treilleux, To, I., Tutt, Tp, Ueno, N. T., Nv, Van, Laere, Sf, S., Van den Eynden, G. G., Sf, Vermeulen, Sf, P., Viari, Vincent-Salomon, Tj, A., Wong, B. H., Tq, Yates, Abp, X., Van, Deurzen, C. H. M., Tr, van de Vijver, M. J., Os, Van’T, Veer, Ts, L., Ammerpohl, Tt, O., Tu, Tv, Aukema, Tu, S., Tv, Tw, Bergmann, A. K., Tx, Bernhart, S. H., Kx, Ky, Lb, Borkhardt, Ty, A., Borst, Tz, C., Burkhardt, Ua, B., Claviez, Ub, A., Goebler, M. E., Uc, Haake, Tt, A., Haas, Tz, S., Hansmann, Ud, M., Hoell, J. I., Ty, Hummel, Ue, M., Karsch, Uf, D., Klapper, Tw, W., Kneba, Uf, M., Kreuz, Ug, M., Kube, Uh, D., Küppers, Ui, R., Lenze, Ue, D., Loeffler, López, Ca, C., Mantovani-Löffler, Tt, Uj, L., Möller, Uk, P., Ott, Ul, G., Radlwimmer, Oh, B., Richter, Tt, J., Rohde, Tw, Um, M., Rosenstiel, P. C., Un, Rosenwald, Uo, A., Schilhabel, M. B., Un, Schreiber, Up, S., Stadler, P. F., Kx, Staib, Uq, P., Stilgenbauer, Ur, S., Sungalee, S. g., Szczepanowski, Tw, M., Toprak, U. H., Ac, Trümper, Us, L. H. P., Uh, Wagener, Ca, R., Zenz, Tt, Er, T., Hovestadt, Oh, V., Von, Kalle, Do, C., Kool, Korshunov, Lr, Ik, A., Landgraf, Ut, P., Lehrach, Uu, Uv, H., Northcott, P. A., Uw, Pfister, S. M., Ik, Lr, Ux, Reifenberger, Uu, G., Warnatz, H. -J., Uv, Wolf, Uy, S., Yaspo, M. -L., Uv, Assenov, Uz, Y., Gerhauser, Minner, Va, S., Schlomm, Ct, T., Simon, Vb, Vc, R., Sauter, Vc, G., Sültmann, Er, H., Biswas, Vd, N. K., Ve, Maitra, Ve, A., Majumder, P. P., Ve, Sarin, Vf, R., Barbi, Pe, S., Bonizzato, Pa, G., Cantù, Dei, Tos, A. P., Vg, Fassan, Vh, M., Grimaldi, Pa, S., Luchini, Oz, C., Malleo, Ow, G., Marchegiani, Milella, Michele, Ht, M., Paiella, Ow, S., Pea, Ow, A., Pederzoli, Ow, P., Ruzzenente, Salvia, Ow, R., Sperandio, Pa, N., Arai, Hq, Y., Hama, Hq, N., Hiraoka, Vi, N., Hosoda, Hq, F., Nakamura, Hq, H., Ojima, Vj, H., Okusaka, Vk, T., Totoki, Urushidate, Hr, T., Fukayama, Vl, M., Ishikawa, Vm, S., Katai, Vn, H., Katoh, Vm, H., Vm, D., Rokutan, Ms, H., Saito-Adachi, Suzuki, Kw, A., Taniguchi, Vo, Vp, H., Tatsuno, Kw, K., Ushiku, Vl, T., Yachida, Hq, S., Yamamoto, Vq, Kw, S., Aikata, Vr, H., Arihiro, Vr, K., Ariizumi, S. -I., Vs, Chayama, Furuta, Gotoh, Vt, K., Hayami, Vu, S., Hirano, Vv, S., Kawakami, Vr, Y., Maejima, Cb, K., Vv, T., Nakano, Ohdan, Sasaki-Oku, Tanaka, Al, H., Vu, M., Yamamoto, Vs, M., Yamaue, Vu, H., Choo, S. P., Vw, Cutcutache, Gl, I., Khuntikeo, Mg, Ow, N., Ong, Vx, C. K., Vy, Pairojkul, Os, C., Popescu, Vz, I., K. S., Wa, Aymerich, Wb, M., Lopez-Guillermo, Wc, A., López-Otín, Wd, C., Puente, X. S., Wd, Campo, We, E., Amary, Wf, Wg, F., Baumhoer, Wh, D., Behjati, Bjerkehagen, Wh, B., Futreal, Wi, Myklebost, Su, O., Pillay, Wj, N., Tarpey, Wk, P., Tirabosco, Wl, R., Zaikova, Wm, O., Flanagan, A. M., Wn, Boultwood, Wo, J., Bowen, Abp, D. T., Cazzola, Wp, M., A. R., Lp, Hellstrom-Lindberg, Wq, E., Malcovati, Wp, L., Nangalia, Wr, J., Papaemmanuil, Vyas, Ma, P., Ang, Ws, Wt, Y., Barr, Wu, H., Beardsmore, Wv, D., Eldridge, Lo, M., Gossage, Ww, J., Grehan, Mv, N., Hanna, G. B., Wx, Hayes, S. J., Wy, Hupp, Wz, T. R., Xa, Khoo, Xb, D., Lagergren, Wq, J., Lovat, Xc, L. B., Ge, Macrae, Ee, S., O’Donovan, Mv, M., O’Neill, J. R., Xd, Parsons, S. L., Xe, Preston, S. R., Xf, Puig, Xg, S., Roques, Xh, T., Sanders, G. w., Sothi, Xi, S., Tavaré, Lo, S., Tucker, Xj, O., Turkington, Xk, R., Underwood, T. J., Xl, Welch, Xm, I., R. C., Mv, Berney, D. M., Xn, Bono, De, J. S., Oe, Cahill, Xo, D., Camacho, Oe, N., Dennis, N. M., Xo, Dudderidge, Xo, T., Edwards, Xp, S. E., Oe, Fisher, Xo, C., Foster, C. S., Xq, Ghori, Xr, Gill, Ws, P., Gnanapragasam, V. J., Nn, Gundem, Xs, Jq, G., Hamdy, F. C., Xt, Hawkins, Hazell, Xo, S., Howat, Nn, W., Isaacs, W. B., Xu, Karaszi, Ws, K., Kay, J. D., Ge, Xo, V., Kote-Jarai, Oe, Z., Kremeyer, Abp, B., Xo, P., Lambert, Ws, A., Leongamornlert, D. A., Oe, Abp, Livni, Xo, N., Y. -J., Xn, Luxton, Xv, H. J., Ge, Marsden, Ws, L., Massie, C. E., Lo, Matthews, Oe, L., Mayer, Xo, E., Mcdermott, Xw, Abp, U., Merson, Oe, S., Neal, D. E., Lo, Nn, Ng, Xx, A., Nicol, Ogden, Rowe, E. W., Xo, Shah, N. C., Nn, Xo, A., Verrill, Ws, C., Visakorpi, Xy, Du, T., Warren, A. Y., Nn, Whitaker, Xz, H. C., Ge, Xv, H., Van, As, Eeles, R. A., Oe, Abeshouse, Xo, Jq, A., Agrawal, Fe, N., Akbani, Mv, R., Al-Ahmadie, Ya, Jq, H., Albert, Qg, M., Aldape, Oi, K., Ally, Yb, Yc, A., Appelbaum, E. L. z., Armenia, Ge, Yd, J., Asa, Xe, S., Auman, Ye, J. 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B., Xg, Tsao, Xe, M., Umbricht, Ye, Lk, C., Abg, Wv, Van Den Berg, D. J., Ym, Van, Meir, Abh, E. G., Veluvolu, U. v., Voet, D. b., Weinberger, Abi, P., Weisenberger, Wigle, Abj, D., Wilkerson, M. D. v., Wilson, R. K. z., Abk, Winterhoff, Abl, B., Wiznerowicz, Abm, M., Abn, Wong, T. z., Yc, Abo, W., Yau, Zhang, H. b., Yd, H., Hv, J., The ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium View Correspondence (jump link), Medical Oncology, Pathology, IBM, Pharmacyclics, Novartis, Celgene, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen Biotech, University of Chicago, Ipsen, Pfizer, Ono Pharmaceutical, Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Statistics, University of St Andrews. Sir James Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis, University of St Andrews. Cellular Medicine Division, RS: CAPHRI - R4 - Health Inequities and Societal Participation, Metamedica, Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Research Programs Unit, Lauri Antti Aaltonen / Principal Investigator, ATG - Applied Tumor Genomics, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, STEMM - Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Centre of Excellence in Stem Cell Metabolism, Genome-Scale Biology (GSB) Research Program, Department of Physics, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, University of Zurich, ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Graduate School, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, 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Eynden, G, Vermeulen, P, Viari, A, Vincent-Salomon, A, Wong, B, Yates, L, Zou, X, van Deurzen, C, van de Vijver, M, van't Veer, L, Ammerpohl, O, Aukema, S, Bergmann, A, Bernhart, S, Borkhardt, A, Borst, C, Burkhardt, B, Claviez, A, Goebler, M, Haake, A, Haas, S, Hansmann, M, Hoell, J, Hummel, M, Karsch, D, Klapper, W, Kneba, M, Kreuz, M, Kube, D, Kuppers, R, Lenze, D, Loeffler, M, Lopez, C, Mantovani-Loffler, L, Moller, P, Ott, G, Radlwimmer, B, Richter, J, Rohde, M, Rosenstiel, P, Rosenwald, A, Schilhabel, M, Schreiber, S, Stadler, P, Staib, P, Stilgenbauer, S, Sungalee, S, Szczepanowski, M, Toprak, U, Trumper, L, Wagener, R, Zenz, T, Hovestadt, V, von Kalle, C, Kool, M, Korshunov, A, Landgraf, P, Lehrach, H, Northcott, P, Pfister, S, Reifenberger, G, Warnatz, H, Wolf, S, Yaspo, M, Assenov, Y, Gerhauser, C, Minner, S, Schlomm, T, Simon, R, Sauter, G, Sultmann, H, Biswas, N, Maitra, A, Majumder, P, Sarin, R, Barbi, S, Bonizzato, G, Cantu, C, Dei Tos, A, Fassan, M, Grimaldi, S, Luchini, C, Malleo, G, Marchegiani, G, Milella, M, Paiella, S, Pea, A, Pederzoli, P, Ruzzenente, A, Salvia, R, Sperandio, N, Arai, Y, Hama, N, Hiraoka, N, Hosoda, F, Nakamura, H, Ojima, H, Okusaka, T, Totoki, Y, Urushidate, T, Fukayama, M, Ishikawa, S, Katai, H, Katoh, H, Komura, D, Rokutan, H, Saito-Adachi, M, Suzuki, A, Taniguchi, H, Tatsuno, K, Ushiku, T, Yachida, S, Yamamoto, S, Aikata, H, Arihiro, K, Ariizumi, S, Chayama, K, Furuta, M, Gotoh, K, Hayami, S, Hirano, S, Kawakami, Y, Maejima, K, Nakamura, T, Nakano, K, Ohdan, H, Sasaki-Oku, A, Tanaka, H, Ueno, M, Yamamoto, M, Yamaue, H, Choo, S, Cutcutache, I, Khuntikeo, N, Ong, C, Pairojkul, C, Popescu, I, Ahn, K, Aymerich, M, Lopez-Guillermo, A, Lopez-Otin, C, Puente, X, Campo, E, Amary, F, Baumhoer, D, Behjati, S, Bjerkehagen, B, Myklebost, O, Pillay, N, Tarpey, P, Tirabosco, R, Zaikova, O, Flanagan, A, Boultwood, J, Bowen, D, Cazzola, M, Green, A, Hellstrom-Lindberg, E, Malcovati, L, Nangalia, J, Papaemmanuil, E, Vyas, P, Ang, Y, Barr, H, Beardsmore, D, Eldridge, M, Gossage, J, Grehan, N, Hanna, G, Hayes, S, Hupp, T, Khoo, D, Lagergren, J, Lovat, L, Macrae, S, O'Donovan, M, O'Neill, J, Parsons, S, Preston, S, Puig, S, Roques, T, Sanders, G, Sothi, S, Tavare, S, Tucker, O, Turkington, R, Underwood, T, Welch, I, Fitzgerald, R, Berney, D, De Bono, J, Cahill, D, Camacho, N, Dennis, N, Dudderidge, T, Edwards, S, Fisher, C, Foster, C, Ghori, M, Gill, P, Gnanapragasam, V, Gundem, G, Hamdy, F, Hawkins, S, Hazell, S, Howat, W, Isaacs, W, Karaszi, K, Kay, J, Khoo, V, Kote-Jarai, Z, Kremeyer, B, Kumar, P, Lambert, A, Leongamornlert, D, Livni, N, Luxton, H, Marsden, L, Massie, C, Matthews, L, Mayer, E, Mcdermott, U, Merson, S, Neal, D, Nicol, D, Ogden, C, Rowe, E, Shah, N, Thomas, S, Verrill, C, Visakorpi, T, Warren, A, Whitaker, H, Zhang, H, van As, N, Eeles, R, Abeshouse, A, Agrawal, N, Akbani, R, Al-Ahmadie, H, Albert, M, Aldape, K, Ally, A, Appelbaum, E, Armenia, J, Asa, S, Auman, J, Balasundaram, M, Balu, S, Barnholtz-Sloan, J, Bathe, O, Baylin, S, Benz, C, Berchuck, A, Berrios, M, Bigner, D, Birrer, M, Bodenheimer, T, Boice, L, Bootwalla, M, Bosenberg, M, Bowlby, R, Boyd, J, Broaddus, R, Brock, M, Brooks, D, Bullman, S, Caesar-Johnson, S, Carey, T, Carlsen, R, Cerfolio, R, Chandan, V, Chen, H, Cherniack, A, Chien, J, Cho, J, Chuah, E, Cibulskis, C, Cope, L, Cordes, M, Curley, E, Czerniak, B, Danilova, L, Davis, I, Defreitas, T, Demchok, J, Dhalla, N, Dhir, R, Doddapaneni, H, El-Naggar, A, Felau, I, Ferguson, M, Finocchiaro, G, Fong, K, Frazer, S, Friedman, W, Fronick, C, Fulton, L, Gabriel, S, Gao, J, Gehlenborg, N, Gershenwald, J, Ghossein, R, Giama, N, Gibbs, R, Gomez, C, Govindan, R, Hayes, D, Hegde, A, Heiman, D, Heins, Z, Hepperla, A, Holbrook, A, Holt, R, Hoyle, A, Hruban, R, Hu, J, Huntsman, D, Huse, J, Iacobuzio-Donahue, C, Ittmann, M, Jayaseelan, J, Jefferys, S, Jones, C, Jones, S, Juhl, H, Kang, K, Karlan, B, Kasaian, K, Kebebew, E, Korchina, V, Kundra, R, Lai, P, Lander, E, Le, X, Levine, D, Lewis, L, Ley, T, Li, H, Lin, P, Linehan, W, Lype, L, Ma, Y, Maglinte, D, Mardis, E, Marks, J, Marra, M, Matthew, T, Mayo, M, Mccune, K, Meier, S, Meng, S, Mieczkowski, P, Mikkelsen, T, Miller, C, Mills, G, Moore, R, Morrison, C, Mose, L, Moser, C, Mungall, A, Mungall, K, Mutch, D, Muzny, D, Myers, J, Newton, Y, Noble, M, O'Donnell, P, O'Neill, B, Ochoa, A, Parker, J, Pass, H, Pastore, A, Pennell, N, Perou, C, Petrelli, N, Potapova, O, Rader, J, Ramalingam, S, Rathmell, W, Reuter, V, Reynolds, S, Ringel, M, Roach, J, Roberts, L, Sadeghi, S, Saller, C, Sanchez-Vega, F, Schadendorf, D, Schein, J, Schmidt, H, Schultz, N, Seethala, R, Senbabaoglu, Y, Shelton, T, Shi, Y, Shih, J, Shmulevich, I, Shriver, C, Signoretti, S, Simons, J, Singer, S, Sipahimalani, P, Skelly, T, Smith-McCune, K, Socci, N, Soloway, M, Sood, A, Tam, A, Tan, D, Tarnuzzer, R, Thiessen, N, Thompson, R, Thorne, L, Tsao, M, Umbricht, C, Van Den Berg, D, Van Meir, E, Veluvolu, U, Voet, D, Wang, L, Weinberger, P, Weisenberger, D, Wigle, D, Wilkerson, M, Wilson, R, Winterhoff, B, Wiznerowicz, M, Wong, T, Wong, W, Xi, L, Yau, C, Consortium, ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Desmedt, Christine, Van Loo, Peter, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, Cancer Research UK, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, and Laboratory for Medical and Molecular Oncology
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Male ,tert promoter mutations ,Cancer development and immune defence Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 2] ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Normal tissue ,systematic analysis ,Germline ,Transcriptome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Aetiology ,Càncer ,Cellular Senescence ,Cancer ,0303 health sciences ,dna-damage ,Massive parallel sequencing ,Pan cancer ,REARRANGEMENTS ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Genomics ,Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles ,Telomere ,COMPREHENSIVE ,3. Good health ,TERT PROMOTER MUTATIONS ,signatures ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Erfðarannsóknir ,Human ,Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica::Bioinformàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Evolution ,RNA Splicing ,Article ,Evolution, Molecular ,Structural variation ,RC0254 ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Genetic ,genomics ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Genetics ,Genomics--Databases ,Humans ,Genetic Testing ,Molecular Biology ,SIGNATURES ,Whole genome sequencing ,1000 Multidisciplinary ,Chromothripsis ,Science & Technology ,RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer) ,Information Dissemination ,ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc ,Prevention ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Molecular ,Oncogenes ,Cloud Computing ,medicine.disease ,Genòmica ,Compute clouds ,Mutation ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION ,Genètica ,Whole Genome Sequencing--methods ,Background information ,Genetic / genetics ,Genome ,Germ-Line Mutation / genetics ,Human / genetics ,ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium ,Medizin ,Whole-genome ,Genome mapping ,Neoplasms ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Càncer -- Aspectes genètics ,Telomerase ,Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 17] ,Multidisciplinary ,Manchester Cancer Research Centre ,genomics, cancer, profiling ,3rd-DAS ,10124 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences ,Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 17] ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,Parallel sequencing ,Female ,profiling ,Medical Genetics ,Engineering sciences. Technology ,Biotechnology ,General Science & Technology ,The Cancer Genome Atlas ,610 Medicine & health ,Computational biology ,QH426 Genetics ,Biology ,Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium ,Promoter Regions ,Germline mutation ,Pan-cancer analysis ,Krabbameinsrannsóknir ,medicine ,cancer ,ddc:610 ,QH426 ,Germ-Line Mutation ,Medicinsk genetik ,Krabbamein ,030304 developmental biology ,Cell Proliferation ,LANDSCAPE ,Genome, Human ,comprehensive characterization ,Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes ,Point mutation ,Human Genome ,Reproducibility of Results ,SOMATIC MUTATIONS ,EVOLUTION ,Cancer, sequencing, Chromothripsis, telomere ,DNA-DAMAGE ,Mutagenesis ,PATTERNS ,3111 Biomedicine ,CHARACTERIZATION - Abstract
Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1,2,3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18., Competing interests Gad Getz receives research funds from IBM and Pharmacyclics and is an inventor on patent applications related to MuTect, ABSOLUTE, MutSig, MSMuTect, MSMutSig and POLYSOLVER. Hikmat Al-Ahmadie is consultant for AstraZeneca and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Samuel Aparicio is a founder and shareholder of Contextual Genomics. Pratiti Bandopadhayay receives grant funding from Novartis for an unrelated project. Rameen Beroukhim owns equity in Ampressa Therapeutics. Andrew Biankin receives grant funding from Celgene, AstraZeneca and is a consultant for or on advisory boards of AstraZeneca, Celgene, Elstar Therapeutics, Clovis Oncology and Roche. Ewan Birney is a consultant for Oxford Nanopore, Dovetail and GSK. Marcus Bosenberg is a consultant for Eli Lilly. Atul Butte is a cofounder of and consultant for Personalis, NuMedii, a consultant for Samsung, Geisinger Health, Mango Tree Corporation, Regenstrief Institute and in the recent past a consultant for 10x Genomics and Helix, a shareholder in Personalis, a minor shareholder in Apple, Twitter, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Sarepta, 10x Genomics, Amazon, Biogen, CVS, Illumina, Snap and Sutro and has received honoraria and travel reimbursement for invited talks from Genentech, Roche, Pfizer, Optum, AbbVie and many academic institutions and health systems. Carlos Caldas has served on the Scientific Advisory Board of Illumina. Lorraine Chantrill acted on an advisory board for AMGEN Australia in the past 2 years. Andrew D. Cherniack receives research funding from Bayer. Helen Davies is an inventor on a number of patent applications that encompass the use of mutational signatures. Francisco De La Vega was employed at Annai Systems during part of the project. Ronny Drapkin serves on the scientific advisory board of Repare Therapeutics and Siamab Therapeutics. Rosalind Eeles has received an honorarium for the GU-ASCO meeting in San Francisco in January 2016 as a speaker, a honorarium and support from Janssen for the RMH FR meeting in November 2017 as a speaker (title: genetics and prostate cancer), a honorarium for an University of Chicago invited talk in May 2018 as speaker and an educational honorarium paid by Bayer & Ipsen to attend GU Connect ‘Treatment sequencing for mCRPC patients within the changing landscape of mHSPC’ at a venue at ESMO, Barcelona, on 28 September 2019. Paul Flicek is a member of the scientific advisory boards of Fabric Genomics and Eagle Genomics. Ronald Ghossein is a consultant for Veracyte. Dominik Glodzik is an inventor on a number of patent applications that encompass the use of mutational signatures. Eoghan Harrington is a full-time employee of Oxford Nanopore Technologies and is a stock holder. Yann Joly is responsible for the Data Access Compliance Office (DACO) of ICGC 2009-2018. Sissel Juul is a full-time employee of Oxford Nanopore Technologies and is a stock holder. Vincent Khoo has received personal fees and non-financial support from Accuray, Astellas, Bayer, Boston Scientific and Janssen. Stian Knappskog is a coprincipal investigator on a clinical trial that receives research funding from AstraZeneca and Pfizer. Ignaty Leshchiner is a consultant for PACT Pharma. Carlos López-Otín has ownership interest (including stock and patents) in DREAMgenics. Matthew Meyerson is a scientific advisory board chair of, and consultant for, OrigiMed, has obtained research funding from Bayer and Ono Pharma and receives patent royalties from LabCorp. Serena Nik-Zainal is an inventor on a number of patent applications that encompass the use of mutational signatures. Nathan Pennell has done consulting work with Merck, Astrazeneca, Eli Lilly and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Xose S. Puente has ownership interest (including stock and patents in DREAMgenics. Benjamin J. Raphael is a consultant for and has ownership interest (including stock and patents) in Medley Genomics. Jorge Reis-Filho is a consultant for Goldman Sachs and REPARE Therapeutics, member of the scientific advisory board of Volition RX and Paige.AI and an ad hoc member of the scientific advisory board of Ventana Medical Systems, Roche Tissue Diagnostics, InVicro, Roche, Genentech and Novartis. Lewis R. Roberts has received grant support from ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, BTG International, Exact Sciences, Gilead Sciences, Glycotest, RedHill Biopharma, Target PharmaSolutions and Wako Diagnostics and has provided advisory services to Bayer, Exact Sciences, Gilead Sciences, GRAIL, QED Therapeutics and TAVEC Pharmaceuticals. Richard A. Scolyer has received fees for professional services from Merck Sharp & Dohme, GlaxoSmithKline Australia, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Dermpedia, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia, Myriad, NeraCare GmbH and Amgen. Tal Shmaya is employed at Annai Systems. Reiner Siebert has received speaker honoraria from Roche and AstraZeneca. Sabina Signoretti is a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Merck, AACR and NCI and has received funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Exelixis and royalties from Biogenex. Jared Simpson has received research funding and travel support from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Anil K. Sood is a consultant for Merck and Kiyatec, has received research funding from M-Trap and is a shareholder in BioPath. Simon Tavaré is on the scientific advisory board of Ipsen and a consultant for Kallyope. John F. Thompson has received honoraria and travel support for attending advisory board meetings of GlaxoSmithKline and Provectus and has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards for MSD Australia and BMS Australia. Daniel Turner is a full-time employee of Oxford Nanopore Technologies and is a stock holder. Naveen Vasudev has received speaker honoraria and/or consultancy fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, EUSA pharma, MSD and Novartis. Jeremiah A. Wala is a consultant for Nference. Daniel J. Weisenberger is a consultant for Zymo Research. Dai-Ying Wu is employed at Annai Systems. Cheng-Zhong Zhang is a cofounder and equity holder of Pillar Biosciences, a for-profit company that specializes in the development of targeted sequencing assays. The other authors declare no competing interests.
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- 2020
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35. A single injection of saphenous nerve block reduces pain and bleeding after knee total arthroplasty
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Ko, G., primary, Hwang, G., additional, Yun, S., additional, and Jeong, W., additional
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- 2021
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36. CO212 The Potential Long-Term Comparative Effectiveness of Larotrectinib Vs. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Treatment of Metastatic NTRKGene Fusion-Positive Cancers
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Suh, K., Kang, A., Ko, G., Williamson, T., Liao, N., and Sullivan, S.
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- 2023
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37. RWD160 Race-Stratified Treatment Patterns Among Metastatic Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients in US Community Oncology Practice Setting
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Appukkuttan, S., Conner, T., Kong, S.X, Jhaveri, J., Ko, G., Kalayeh, B., He, L., Hauser, R., and Arturo, L.B
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- 2023
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38. Reply to “Maintenance immunosuppression and the risk of herpes zoster after kidney transplantation”
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Kim, T., Ko, G. B., and Lee, S.-O.
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- 2013
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39. Increased incidence of herpes zoster in the setting of cytomegalovirus preemptive therapy after kidney transplantation
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Ko, G. B., Kim, T., Kim, S.-H., Choi, S.-H., Kim, Y. S., Woo, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Park, J. B., Lee, S. K., Park, S.-K., Park, J. S., Han, D. J., and Lee, S.-O.
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- 2013
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40. Using propidium monoazide to distinguish between viable and nonviable bacteria, MS2 and murine norovirus
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Kim, S. Y. and Ko, G.
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- 2012
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41. A randomized-controlled trial to investigate the effects of rivoglitazone, a novel PPAR gamma agonist on glucose–lipid control in type 2 diabetes
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Kong, A. P. S., Yamasaki, A., Ozaki, R., Saito, H., Asami, T., Ohwada, S., Ko, G. T. C., Wong, C. K., Leung, G. T. C., Lee, K. F., Yeung, C. Y., and Chan, J. C. N.
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- 2011
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42. Sonographic Measurement of Mesenteric Fat Predicts Presence of Fatty Liver among Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Ma, R. C. W., Liu, K. H., Lam, P. M., Cheung, L. P., Tam, W. H., Ko, G. T. C., Chan, M. H. M., Ho, C. S., Lam, C. W. K., Chu, W. C. W., Tong, P. C. Y., So, W. Y., Chan, J. C. N., and Chow, C. C.
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- 2011
43. Effects of telephone lifestyle reinforcement and bariatric surgery on diet, hedonic hunger, and metabolic control in obese chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a one-year prospective study
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Cheung, L., primary, Ko, G., additional, and Chow, F., additional
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- 2020
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44. Preparing for the Renaissance: Treating Breast Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Planning for a Safe Re-Emergence to Routine Surgical Care within a Universal Health Care System
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Berger-Richardson, D., primary, Ko, G., additional, and Hong, N.J. Look, additional
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- 2020
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45. PGI41 SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF HEALTH UTILITIES IN PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS
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Ko, G., primary and Carlson, J., additional
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- 2020
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46. Evaluation of erectile dysfunction and associated cardiovascular risk using structured questionnaires in Chinese type 2 diabetic men
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Yu, L. W., Kong, A. P., Tong, P. C., Tam, C., Ko, G. T., Ho, C.-S., So, W.-Y., Ma, R. C., Chow, C.-C., and Chan, J. C.
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- 2010
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47. Participation in continuing professional development by dental practitioners in Victoria, Australia in 2007
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Hopcraft, M. S., Manton, D. J., Chong, P. L., Ko, G., Ong, P. Y. S., Sribalachandran, S., Wang, C. J., Yong, P. Y., and Jian, L. F.
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- 2010
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48. Intestinal tuberculosis with abdominal complications: radiologic and pathologic features
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Ha, H. K., Ko, G. Y., Yu, E. S., Yoon, K.-H., Hong, W. S., Kim, H. R., Jung, H. Y., Yang, S. K., Jee, K. N., Min, Y. I., and Auh, Y. H.
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- 1999
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49. A simple risk score to identify Southern Chinese at high risk for diabetes
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Ko, G., So, W., Tong, P., Ma, R., Kong, A., Ozaki, R., Chow, C., Cockram, C., and Chan, J.
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- 2010
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50. ABCG2 Polymorphism Is Associated With the Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response to Rosuvastatin
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Tomlinson, B, Hu, M, Lee, V WY, Lui, S SH, Chu, T TW, Poon, E WM, Ko, G TC, Baum, L, Tam, L S, and Li, E K
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- 2010
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