89 results on '"Knytl P"'
Search Results
2. A candidate sex determination locus in amphibians which evolved by structural variation between X- and Y-chromosomes
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Kuhl, Heiner, Tan, Wen Hui, Klopp, Christophe, Kleiner, Wibke, Koyun, Baturalp, Ciorpac, Mitica, Feron, Romain, Knytl, Martin, Kloas, Werner, Schartl, Manfred, Winkler, Christoph, and Stöck, Matthias
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- 2024
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3. Longitudinal assessment of ventricular volume trajectories in early-stage schizophrenia: evidence of both enlargement and shrinkage
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Svancer, Patrik, Capek, Vaclav, Skoch, Antonin, Kopecek, Miloslav, Vochoskova, Kristyna, Fialova, Marketa, Furstova, Petra, Jakob, Lea, Bakstein, Eduard, Kolenic, Marian, Hlinka, Jaroslav, Knytl, Pavel, and Spaniel, Filip
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- 2024
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4. A candidate sex determination locus in amphibians which evolved by structural variation between X- and Y-chromosomes
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Heiner Kuhl, Wen Hui Tan, Christophe Klopp, Wibke Kleiner, Baturalp Koyun, Mitica Ciorpac, Romain Feron, Martin Knytl, Werner Kloas, Manfred Schartl, Christoph Winkler, and Matthias Stöck
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Most vertebrates develop distinct females and males, where sex is determined by repeatedly evolved environmental or genetic triggers. Undifferentiated sex chromosomes and large genomes have caused major knowledge gaps in amphibians. Only a single master sex-determining gene, the dmrt1-paralogue (dm-w) of female-heterogametic clawed frogs (Xenopus; ZW♀/ZZ♂), is known across >8740 species of amphibians. In this study, by combining chromosome-scale female and male genomes of a non-model amphibian, the European green toad, Bufo(tes) viridis, with ddRAD- and whole genome pool-sequencing, we reveal a candidate master locus, governing a male-heterogametic system (XX♀/XY♂). Targeted sequencing across multiple taxa uncovered structural X/Y-variation in the 5′-regulatory region of the gene bod1l, where a Y-specific non-coding RNA (ncRNA-Y), only expressed in males, suggests that this locus initiates sex-specific differentiation. Developmental transcriptomes and RNA in-situ hybridization show timely and spatially relevant sex-specific ncRNA-Y and bod1l-gene expression in primordial gonads. This coincided with differential H3K4me-methylation in pre-granulosa/pre-Sertoli cells, pointing to a specific mechanism of amphibian sex determination.
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- 2024
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5. Longitudinal assessment of ventricular volume trajectories in early-stage schizophrenia: evidence of both enlargement and shrinkage
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Patrik Svancer, Vaclav Capek, Antonin Skoch, Miloslav Kopecek, Kristyna Vochoskova, Marketa Fialova, Petra Furstova, Lea Jakob, Eduard Bakstein, Marian Kolenic, Jaroslav Hlinka, Pavel Knytl, and Filip Spaniel
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First-episode schizophrenia ,Ventricular volumes ,MRI ,Longitudinal design ,Negative symptoms ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Lateral ventricular enlargement represents a canonical morphometric finding in chronic patients with schizophrenia; however, longitudinal studies elucidating complex dynamic trajectories of ventricular volume change during critical early disease stages are sparse. Methods We measured lateral ventricular volumes in 113 first-episode schizophrenia patients (FES) at baseline visit (11.7 months after illness onset, SD = 12.3) and 128 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) using 3T MRI. MRI was then repeated in both FES and HC one year later. Results Compared to controls, ventricular enlargement was identified in 18.6% of patients with FES (14.1% annual ventricular volume (VV) increase; 95%CI: 5.4; 33.1). The ventricular expansion correlated with the severity of PANSS-negative symptoms at one-year follow-up (p = 0.0078). Nevertheless, 16.8% of FES showed an opposite pattern of statistically significant ventricular shrinkage during ≈ one-year follow-up (-9.5% annual VV decrease; 95%CI: -23.7; -2.4). There were no differences in sex, illness duration, age of onset, duration of untreated psychosis, body mass index, the incidence of Schneiderian symptoms, or cumulative antipsychotic dose among the patient groups exhibiting ventricular enlargement, shrinkage, or no change in VV. Conclusion Both enlargement and ventricular shrinkage are equally present in the early stages of schizophrenia. The newly discovered early reduction of VV in a subgroup of patients emphasizes the need for further research to understand its mechanisms.
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- 2024
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6. Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia – ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals
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McWhinney, Sean R, Brosch, Katharina, Calhoun, Vince D, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crossley, Nicolas A, Dannlowski, Udo, Dickie, Erin, Dietze, Lorielle MF, Donohoe, Gary, Du Plessis, Stefan, Ehrlich, Stefan, Emsley, Robin, Furstova, Petra, Glahn, David C, Gonzalez- Valderrama, Alfonso, Grotegerd, Dominik, Holleran, Laurena, Kircher, Tilo TJ, Knytl, Pavel, Kolenic, Marian, Lencer, Rebekka, Nenadić, Igor, Opel, Nils, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Rodrigue, Amanda L, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Ross, Alex J, Sim, Kang, Škoch, Antonín, Spaniel, Filip, Stein, Frederike, Švancer, Patrik, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Undurraga, Juan, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Voineskos, Aristotle, Walton, Esther, Weickert, Thomas W, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Thompson, Paul M, van Erp, Theo GM, Turner, Jessica A, and Hajek, Tomas
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Biomedical Imaging ,Obesity ,Neurosciences ,Serious Mental Illness ,Mental Health ,Schizophrenia ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Brain Disorders ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Mental health ,Humans ,Depressive Disorder ,Major ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Psychiatry - Abstract
Schizophrenia is frequently associated with obesity, which is linked with neurostructural alterations. Yet, we do not understand how the brain correlates of obesity map onto the brain changes in schizophrenia. We obtained MRI-derived brain cortical and subcortical measures and body mass index (BMI) from 1260 individuals with schizophrenia and 1761 controls from 12 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of schizophrenia and BMI using mixed effects. BMI was additively associated with structure of many of the same brain regions as schizophrenia, but the cortical and subcortical alterations in schizophrenia were more widespread and pronounced. Both BMI and schizophrenia were primarily associated with changes in cortical thickness, with fewer correlates in surface area. While, BMI was negatively associated with cortical thickness, the significant associations between BMI and surface area or subcortical volumes were positive. Lastly, the brain correlates of obesity were replicated among large studies and closely resembled neurostructural changes in major depressive disorders. We confirmed widespread associations between BMI and brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. People with both obesity and schizophrenia showed more pronounced brain alterations than people with only one of these conditions. Obesity appears to be a relevant factor which could account for heterogeneity of brain imaging findings and for differences in brain imaging outcomes among people with schizophrenia.
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- 2022
7. Effectiveness of 'Mom Supports Mom' Peer Support Intervention in Reducing Prenatal Anxiety and Psychosocial Stress Levels
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K. Hrdličková, A. Horáková, M. Kuklová, H. Němcová, P. Knytl, L. Kostýlková, and A. Šebela
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Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Introduction The prenatal period poses a risk of both onset and relapse of mental health difficulties. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are the most common, with a prevalence of 10-20%. Untreated mental health difficulties can have serious consequences for the child’s development, the quality of the mother-child relationship, and the whole family system. Peer support can be an effective form of care for women at risk. Objectives The aim of the study is to examine the effectivness of remote “Mom Supports Mom” peer support intervention in reducing prenatal anxiety, depression and psychosocial stress levels. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted. The Edinburg Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS) was used to assess the risk of mental health difficulties in pregnant women. Women with EPDS score ≥ 10 were randomized 1:1 to control and intervention groups. The intervention group received the “Mom Supports Mom” peer support intervention. The control group received care as usual. Between group-differences in anxiety, depression and psychosocial stress levels were measured one month after the enrollment/the start of the intervention. The Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP) were used to assess the mental health difficulties. Results The study involved a total of 67 participants in the intervention group, and 77 participants in the control group. Levels of anxiety (U = 2016, P < 0.05) and psychosocial stress (U = 1862, P = 0.001) were significantly decreased in the intervention group, showing a medium effect size of the intervention (Cliff’s delta= -0.218 and -0.317, respectively). There was no significant difference in depression levels (U = 2288.5, P = 0.243; Cliff’s delta = -0.113); see Table 1. Table 1 Between group differences in study outcomes (n=144) Measuring instruments Intervention group (n=67) Median (IQR) Intervention group 95% Confidence Interval Control group (n=77) Median (IQR) Control group 95% Confidence Interval U value / t value p-value EPDS (pre) 13 (4) 12.5 13.9 13 (4) 12.8 14.2 2429.5 0.545 PASS (pre) 36 (17) 32.0 38.0 36 (15) 34.0 39.5 0.846 0.399 PPP (pre) 18 (4) 17.8 20.3 17 (6) 16.9 18.8 2282.5 0.233 EPDS (dif ) -6 (6) -6.7 -4.1 -5 (6) -5.4 -3.0 2288.5 0.243 PASS (dif ) -7 (11) -12.3 -6.8 -5 (13) -7.3 -2.4 2016 0.024 PPP (dif ) -2 (4) -4.0 -1.6 0 (4) -1.2 0.5 1862 0.001 EPDS = Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale PASS = Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale PPP = Prenatal Psychosocial Profile pre = administered at baseline dif = administered post-intervention IQR = interquartile range Conclusions The remote “Mom Supports Mom” peer support intervention can be effective in reducing anxiety and psychosocial stress levels in at-risk pregnant women. Nevertheless, it didn’t show effectivness in reducing depression levels. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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- 2024
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8. Time is the enemy: Negative symptoms are related to even slight differences in the duration of untreated psychosis
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Andrea Slováková, Jan Kúdelka, Antonín Škoch, Lea Jakob, Markéta Fialová, Petra Fürstová, Eduard Bakštein, Lucie Bankovská Motlová, Pavel Knytl, and Filip Španiel
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First-episode schizophrenia ,longitudinal study ,prediction ,negative symptoms ,duration of untreated psychosis ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Background: Negative symptoms (NS) represent a detrimental symptomatic domain in schizophrenia affecting social and occupational outcomes. Aims: We aimed to identify factors from the baseline visit (V1) — with a mean illness duration of 0.47 years (SD = 0.45) — that predict the magnitude of NS at the follow-up visit (V3), occurring 4.4 years later (mean +/− 0.45). Method: Using longitudinal data from 77 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum patients, we analysed eight predictors of NS severity at V3: (1) the age at disease onset, (2) age at V1, (3) sex, (4) diagnosis, (5) NS severity at V1, (6) the dose of antipsychotic medication at V3, (7) hospitalisation days before V1 and; (8) the duration of untreated psychosis /DUP/). Secondly, using a multiple linear regression model, we studied the longitudinal relationship between such identified predictors and NS severity at V3 using a multiple linear regression model. Results: DUP (Pearson's r = 0.37, p = 0.001) and NS severity at V1 (Pearson's r = 0.49, p
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- 2024
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9. Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of tandem repeats in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)
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Fornaini, Nicola R., Bergelová, Barbora, Gvoždík, Václav, Černohorská, Halina, Krylov, Vladimír, Kubíčková, Svatava, Fokam, Eric B., Badjedjea, Gabriel, Evans, Ben J., and Knytl, Martin
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- 2023
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10. Correction: Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia – ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals
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McWhinney, Sean R., Brosch, Katharina, Calhoun, Vince D., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crossley, Nicolas A., Dannlowski, Udo, Dickie, Erin, Dietze, Lorielle M. F., Donohoe, Gary, Du Plessis, Stefan, Ehrlich, Stefan, Emsley, Robin, Furstova, Petra, Glahn, David C., Gonzalez- Valderrama, Alfonso, Grotegerd, Dominik, Holleran, Laurena, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Knytl, Pavel, Kolenic, Marian, Lencer, Rebekka, Nenadić, Igor, Opel, Nils, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Rodrigue, Amanda L., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Ross, Alex J., Sim, Kang, Škoch, Antonín, Spaniel, Filip, Stein, Frederike, Švancer, Patrik, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Undurraga, Juan, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Voineskos, Aristotle, Walton, Esther, Weickert, Thomas W., Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Thompson, Paul M., van Erp, Theo G. M., Turner, Jessica A., and Hajek, Tomas
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- 2024
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11. Psychobiotic interventions for anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis, with youth consultation
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Kathrin Cohen Kadosh, Melissa Basso, Paul Knytl, Nicola Johnstone, Jennifer Y. F. Lau, and Glenn R. Gibson
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Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract The human gut microbiome influence on brain function and mental health is an emerging area of intensive research. Animal and human research indicates adolescence as a sensitive period when the gut-brain axis is fine-tuned, where dietary interventions to change the microbiome may have long-lasting consequences for mental health. This study reports a systematic review and meta-analysis of microbiota-targeted (psychobiotics) interventions on anxiety in youth, with discussion of a consultation on the acceptability of psychobiotic interventions for mental health management amongst youth with lived experience. Six databases were searched for controlled trials in human samples (age range: 10–24 years) seeking to reduce anxiety. Post intervention outcomes were extracted as standard mean differences (SMDs) and pooled based on a random-effects model. 5416 studies were identified: 14 eligible for systematic review and 10 eligible for meta-analysis (total of 324 experimental and 293 control subjects). The meta-analysis found heterogeneity I 2 was 12% and the pooled SMD was −0.03 (95% CI: −0.21, 0.14), indicating an absence of effect. One study presented with low bias risk, 5 with high, and 4 with uncertain risk. Accounting for risk, sensitivities analysis revealed a SMD of −0.16 (95% CI: −0.38, 0.07), indicative of minimal efficacy of psychobiotics for anxiety treatment in humans. There is currently limited evidence for use of psychobiotics to treat anxiety in youth. However, future progress will require a multidisciplinary research approach, which gives priority to specifying mechanisms in the human models, providing causal understanding, and addressing the wider context, and would be welcomed by anxious youths.
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- 2021
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12. Correction: Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia – ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals
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McWhinney, Sean R., Brosch, Katharina, Calhoun, Vince D., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crossley, Nicolas A., Dannlowski, Udo, Dickie, Erin, Dietze, Lorielle M. F., Donohoe, Gary, Du Plessis, Stefan, Ehrlich, Stefan, Emsley, Robin, Furstova, Petra, Glahn, David C., Gonzalez- Valderrama, Alfonso, Grotegerd, Dominik, Holleran, Laurena, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Knytl, Pavel, Kolenic, Marian, Lencer, Rebekka, Nenadić, Igor, Opel, Nils, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Rodrigue, Amanda L., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Ross, Alex J., Sim, Kang, Škoch, Antonín, Spaniel, Filip, Stein, Frederike, Švancer, Patrik, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Undurraga, Juan, Váquez-Bourgon, Javier, Voineskos, Aristotle, Walton, Esther, Weickert, Thomas W., Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Thompson, Paul M., van Erp, Theo G. M., Turner, Jessica A., and Hajek, Tomas
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- 2022
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13. Thermally Enhanced Biodegradation of TCE in Groundwater
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Petra Najmanová, Jana Steinová, Marie Czinnerová, Jan Němeček, Roman Špánek, Vladislav Knytl, and Martin Halecký
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dechlorination ,thermal treatment ,chlorinated ethenes ,TCE ,Dehalococcoides ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
In situ remediation is usually restricted by temperature, lack of substrate for reductive dechlorination (anaerobic respiration), the presence of dehalogenating microorganisms, and specific bedrock conditions. In this work, trichloroethene (TCE) degradation was studied by a number of methods, from physical–chemical analyses to molecular biological tools. The abundance changes in dechlorinating bacteria were monitored using real-time PCR. The functional genes vcrA and bvcA as well as the 16S rRNA specific for representatives of genera Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, and Desulfitobacterium were monitored. Furthermore, the sulfate-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were observed by amplifying the functional genes apsA and nirK. The elevated temperature and the substrate (whey) addition significantly affected TCE dechlorination. The chlorine index decreased after nine weeks from 2.5 to 0.1 at 22 °C, to 1.1 at 17 °C and 1.7 at 12 °C and complete dechlorination was achieved at 22 °C with whey addition. The achieved results of this work show the feasibility and effectiveness of biological dechlorination of TCE enhanced with elevated temperature and whey addition.
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- 2022
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14. Psychobiotic interventions for anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis, with youth consultation
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Cohen Kadosh, Kathrin, Basso, Melissa, Knytl, Paul, Johnstone, Nicola, Lau, Jennifer Y. F., and Gibson, Glenn R.
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- 2021
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15. A Fish of Multiple Faces, Which Show Us Enigmatic and Incredible Phenomena in Nature: Biology and Cytogenetics of the Genus Carassius
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Martin Knytl, Adrian Forsythe, and Lukáš Kalous
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hybridization ,sexuality ,asexuality ,biotype ,species ,sex determination ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Sexual vs. asexual reproduction—unisexual vs. bisexual populations—diploid vs. polyploid biotypes—genetic vs. environmental sex determination: all these natural phenomena are associated with the genus of teleost fish, Carassius. This review places emphasis on two Carassius entities with completely different biological characteristics: one globally widespread and invasive Carassius gibelio, and the other C. carassius with a decreasing trend of natural occurrence. Comprehensive biological and cytogenetic knowledge of both entities, including the physical interactions between them, can help to balance the advantages of highly invasive and disadvantages of threatened species. For example, the benefits of a wide-ranged colonization can lead to the extinction of native species or be compensated by parasitic enemies and lead to equilibrium. This review emphasizes the comprehensive biology and cytogenetic knowledge and the importance of the Carassius genus as one of the most useful experimental vertebrate models for evolutionary biology and genetics. Secondly, the review points out that effective molecular cytogenetics should be used for the identification of various species, ploidy levels, and hybrids. The proposed investigation of these hallmark characteristics in Carassius may be applied in conservation efforts to sustain threatened populations in their native ranges. Furthermore, the review focuses on the consequences of the co-occurrence of native and non-native species and outlines future perspectives of Carassius research.
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- 2022
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16. Disrupted Sense of Agency as a State Marker of First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Large-Scale Follow-Up Study
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Eva Kozáková, Eduard Bakštein, Ondřej Havlíček, Ondřej Bečev, Pavel Knytl, Yuliya Zaytseva, and Filip Španiel
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schizophrenia ,sense of agency ,self-disturbances ,positive and negative symptoms ,follow-up ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is often characterized by a general disruption of self-processing and self-demarcation. Previous studies have shown that self-monitoring and sense of agency (SoA, i.e., the ability to recognize one's own actions correctly) are altered in schizophrenia patients. However, research findings are inconclusive in regards to how SoA alterations are linked to clinical symptoms and their severity, or cognitive factors.Methods: In a longitudinal study, we examined 161 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 154 controls with a continuous-report SoA task and a control task testing general cognitive/sensorimotor processes. Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Results: In comparison to controls, patients performed worse in terms of recognition of self-produced movements even when controlling for confounding factors. Patients' SoA score correlated with the severity of PANSS-derived “Disorganized” symptoms and with a priori defined symptoms related to self-disturbances. In the follow-up, the changes in the two subscales were significantly associated with the change in SoA performance.Conclusion: We corroborated previous findings of altered SoA already in the early stage of schizophrenia. Decreased ability to recognize self-produced actions was associated with the severity of symptoms in two complementary domains: self-disturbances and disorganization. While the involvement of the former might indicate impairment in self-monitoring, the latter suggests the role of higher cognitive processes such as information updating or cognitive flexibility. The SoA alterations in schizophrenia are associated, at least partially, with the intensity of respective symptoms in a state-dependent manner.
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- 2020
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17. A frog with three sex chromosomes that co-mingle together in nature: Xenopus tropicalis has a degenerate W and a Y that evolved from a Z chromosome.
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Benjamin L S Furman, Caroline M S Cauret, Martin Knytl, Xue-Ying Song, Tharindu Premachandra, Caleb Ofori-Boateng, Danielle C Jordan, Marko E Horb, and Ben J Evans
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Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
In many species, sexual differentiation is a vital prelude to reproduction, and disruption of this process can have severe fitness effects, including sterility. It is thus interesting that genetic systems governing sexual differentiation vary among-and even within-species. To understand these systems more, we investigated a rare example of a frog with three sex chromosomes: the Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis. We demonstrate that natural populations from the western and eastern edges of Ghana have a young Y chromosome, and that a male-determining factor on this Y chromosome is in a very similar genomic location as a previously known female-determining factor on the W chromosome. Nucleotide polymorphism of expressed transcripts suggests genetic degeneration on the W chromosome, emergence of a new Y chromosome from an ancestral Z chromosome, and natural co-mingling of the W, Z, and Y chromosomes in the same population. Compared to the rest of the genome, a small sex-associated portion of the sex chromosomes has a 50-fold enrichment of transcripts with male-biased expression during early gonadal differentiation. Additionally, X. tropicalis has sex-differences in the rates and genomic locations of recombination events during gametogenesis that are similar to at least two other Xenopus species, which suggests that sex differences in recombination are genus-wide. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations associated with recombination suppression on sex chromosomes, demonstrate that several characteristics of old and established sex chromosomes (e.g., nucleotide divergence, sex biased expression) can arise well before sex chromosomes become cytogenetically distinguished, and show how these characteristics can have lingering consequences that are carried forward through sex chromosome turnovers.
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- 2020
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18. Meditation experience predicts negative reinforcement learning and is associated with attenuated FRN amplitude
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Knytl, Paul and Opitz, Bertram
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- 2019
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19. Higher Body-Mass Index and Lower Gray Matter Volumes in First Episode of Psychosis
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Marián Kolenič, Filip Španiel, Jaroslav Hlinka, Martin Matějka, Pavel Knytl, Antonín Šebela, Jiří Renka, and Tomas Hajek
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obesity ,schizophrenia ,dyslipidemia ,first-episode psychosis ,low-grade inflammation ,voxel-based morphometry ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
BackgroundNeurostructural alterations are often reported in first episode of psychosis (FEP), but there is heterogeneity in the direction and location of findings between individual studies. The reasons for this heterogeneity remain unknown. Obesity is disproportionately frequent already early in the course of psychosis and is associated with smaller brain volumes. Thus, we hypothesized that obesity may contribute to brain changes in FEP.MethodWe analyzed MRI scans from 120 participants with FEP and 114 healthy participants. In primary analyses, we performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with small volume corrections to regions associated with FEP or obesity in previous meta-analyses. In secondary analyses, we performed whole-brain VBM analyses.ResultsIn primary analyses, we found that when controlling for BMI, FEP had lower GM volume than healthy participants in a) left fronto-temporal region (pTFCE = 0.008) and b) left postcentral gyrus (pTFCE = 0.043). When controlling for FEP, BMI was associated with lower GM volume in left cerebellum (pTFCE < 0.001). In secondary analyses, we found that when controlling for BMI, FEP had lower GM volume than healthy participants in the a) cerebellum (pTFCE = 0.004), b) left frontal (pTFCE = 0.024), and c) right temporal cortex (pTFCE = 0.031). When controlling for FEP, BMI was associated with lower GM volume in cerebellum (pTFCE = 0.004). Levels of C-reactive protein, HDL and LDL-cholesterol correlated with obesity related neurostructural alterations.ConclusionsThis study suggests that higher BMI, which is frequent in FEP, may contribute to cerebellar alterations in schizophrenia. As previous studies showed that obesity-related brain alterations may be reversible, our findings raise the possibility that improving the screening for and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic changes could preserve brain structure in FEP.
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- 2020
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20. A Systematic Review of Psychobiotic Interventions in Children and Adolescents to Enhance Cognitive Functioning and Emotional Behavior
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Melissa Basso, Nicola Johnstone, Paul Knytl, Arjen Nauta, Andre Groeneveld, and Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
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psychobiotics ,probiotics ,prebiotics ,children ,adolescents ,dietary interventions ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
This systematic review brings together human psychobiotic interventions in children and adolescents (aged 6–25 years) to evaluate the efficacy of pre- and probiotic supplements on stress, anxiety, and cognitive outcomes. Psychobiotic interventions in animal studies highlighted sensitivity to effects during development and maturation in multiple domains from emotion to cognitive processing. Several translational psychobiotic interventions in humans have been carried out to assess effects on emotion and cognition during childhood and into adulthood. The findings illustrate that there are limited consistent psychobiotic effects in developing human populations, and this is proposed to be due to heterogeneity in the trials conducted. Consequentially, it is recommended that three specific factors are considered in future psychobiotic trials: (1) Specificity of population studied (e.g., patients, developmental age), (2) specificity of intervention, and (3) homogeneity in outcome measures.
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- 2022
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21. Nutrient Intake and Gut Microbial Genera Changes after a 4-Week Placebo Controlled Galacto-Oligosaccharides Intervention in Young Females
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Nicola Johnstone, Susannah Dart, Paul Knytl, Arjen Nauta, Kathryn Hart, and Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
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GOS ,intervention ,gut microbiota ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Recent interest in the gut-brain-axis has highlighted the potential of prebiotics to impact wellbeing, and to affect behavioral change in humans. In this clinical trial, we examined the impact of four-weeks daily supplementation of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on self-reported nutrient intake and relationships on gut microbiota in a four-week two-armed parallel double-blind placebo controlled GOS supplement trial in young adult females. Food diaries and stool samples were collected prior to and following 28 days of supplement consumption. It was found that four weeks of GOS supplementation influenced macronutrient intake, as evident by reduced carbohydrate and sugars and increased fats intake. Further analysis showed that the reduction in carbohydrates was predicted by increasing abundances of Bifidobacterium in the GOS group in comparison to the placebo group. This suggests that Bifidobacterium increase via GOS supplementation may help improve the gut microbiota composition by altering the desire for specific types of carbohydrates and boosting Bifidobacterium availability when fiber intake is below recommended levels, without compromising appetite for fiber from food.
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- 2021
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22. Measurement of Chromosomal Arms and FISH Reveal Complex Genome Architecture and Standardized Karyotype of Model Fish, Genus Carassius
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Martin Knytl and Nicola Reinaldo Fornaini
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chromosome ,karyogram ,in situ hybridization ,i value ,q/p arm ratio ,Carassius auratus ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
The widely distributed ray-finned fish genus Carassius is very well known due to its unique biological characteristics such as polyploidy, clonality, and/or interspecies hybridization. These biological characteristics have enabled Carassius species to be successfully widespread over relatively short period of evolutionary time. Therefore, this fish model deserves to be the center of attention in the research field. Some studies have already described the Carassius karyotype, but results are inconsistent in the number of morphological categories for individual chromosomes. We investigated three focal species: Carassius auratus, C. carassius and C. gibelio with the aim to describe their standardized diploid karyotypes, and to study their evolutionary relationships using cytogenetic tools. We measured length (q+plength) of each chromosome and calculated centromeric index (i value). We found: (i) The relationship between q+plength and i value showed higher similarity of C. auratus and C. carassius. (ii) The variability of i value within each chromosome expressed by means of the first quartile (Q1) up to the third quartile (Q3) showed higher similarity of C. carassius and C. gibelio. (iii) The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed higher similarity of C. auratus and C. gibelio. (iv) Standardized karyotype formula described using median value (Q2) showed differentiation among all investigated species: C. auratus had 24 metacentric (m), 40 submetacentric (sm), 2 subtelocentric (st), 2 acrocentric (a) and 32 telocentric (T) chromosomes (24m+40sm+2st+2a+32T); C. carassius: 16m+34sm+8st+42T; and C. gibelio: 16m+22sm+10st+2a+50T. (v) We developed R scripts applicable for the description of standardized karyotype for any other species. The diverse results indicated unprecedented complex genomic and chromosomal architecture in the genus Carassius probably influenced by its unique biological characteristics which make the study of evolutionary relationships more difficult than it has been originally postulated.
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- 2021
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23. Neuroactive Steroids and Cognitive Functions in First-Episode Psychosis Patients and Their Healthy Siblings
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Pavel Knytl, Veronika Voráčková, Aneta Dorazilová, Mabel Rodriguez, Aneta Cvrčková, Edita Kofroňová, Martin Kuchař, Zuzana Kratochvílová, Petra Šustová, Silvie Čerešňáková, and Pavel Mohr
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neuroactive steroids ,cognition ,endophenotype ,siblings ,psychosis ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Background: Neuroactive steroids (NAS) affect neurotransmitter systems and cognition; thus, they play role in etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.Aims: The primary aim was to examine cognition and effects of NAS on cognitive functioning in first-episode psychosis patients and in their healthy siblings. The secondary aims were to verify whether cognitive deficit is an endophenotype of psychosis and whether higher NAS levels represent a high-risk factor for psychosis.Methods: Studied participants were 1) patients with first episode of psychosis, 2) healthy siblings of the patients, and 3) matching healthy controls. Study procedures included administration of a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing six cognitive domains and examination of NAS plasma levels [cortisol (CORT), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), testosterone (TEST), dehydroepiandrostendione (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and progesterone (PROG)].Results: A total of 67 subjects were analyzed (16 patients, 22 siblings, and 29 controls). Significant group differences were found in most of the cognitive domains; the patients had the lowest scores. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant group differences in CORT levels (p < 0.01), TEST (p < 0.01), and DHT (p < 0.001); no difference was found in PROG, DHEA, and DOC. All cognitive domains, except for attention, were affected by the NAS levels. CORT levels of patients correlated with speed of processing (r = 0.55) and working memory (r = 0.52), while PROG levels correlated with abstraction (r = −0.63). In siblings, there was a negative correlation between TEST levels and verbal memory (r = −0.51) and PROG with attention (r = −0.47).Conclusions: Our results verified that individual domains of cognitive deficit (abstraction and verbal memory) can be considered as an endophenotype of psychosis. Higher levels of cortisol and testosterone in siblings are consistent with high-risk states for psychosis. Multiple interactions between NAS and cognitive functioning, particularly memory functions, were observed. Study limitations (small sample size and administration of antipsychotic medication) did not allow us to establish unequivocally NAS as an endophenotype.
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- 2019
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24. Taxonomic Diversity Not Associated with Gross Karyotype Differentiation: The Case of Bighead Carps, Genus Hypophthalmichthys (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae)
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Alexandr Sember, Šárka Pelikánová, Marcelo de Bello Cioffi, Vendula Šlechtová, Terumi Hatanaka, Hiep Do Doan, Martin Knytl, and Petr Ráb
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comparative fish cytogenetics ,cytotaxonomy ,chromosome banding ,East Asian cypriniform fishes ,FISH ,rDNA ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
The bighead carps of the genus Hypophthalmichthys (H. molitrix and H. nobilis) are important aquaculture species. They were subjected to extensive multidisciplinary research, but with cytogenetics confined to conventional protocols only. Here, we employed Giemsa-/C-/CMA3- stainings and chromosomal mapping of multigene families and telomeric repeats. Both species shared (i) a diploid chromosome number 2n = 48 and the karyotype structure, (ii) low amount of constitutive heterochromatin, (iii) the absence of interstitial telomeric sites (ITSs), (iv) a single pair of 5S rDNA loci adjacent to one major rDNA cluster, and (v) a single pair of co-localized U1/U2 snDNA tandem repeats. Both species, on the other hand, differed in (i) the presence/absence of remarkable interstitial block of constitutive heterochromatin on the largest acrocentric pair 11 and (ii) the number of major (CMA3-positive) rDNA sites. Additionally, we applied here, for the first time, the conventional cytogenetics in H. harmandi, a species considered extinct in the wild and/or extensively cross-hybridized with H. molitrix. Its 2n and karyotype description match those found in the previous two species, while silver staining showed differences in distribution of major rDNA. The bighead carps thus represent another case of taxonomic diversity not associated with gross karyotype differentiation, where 2n and karyotype structure cannot help in distinguishing between genomes of closely related species. On the other hand, we demonstrated that two cytogenetic characters (distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and major rDNA) may be useful for diagnosis of pure species. The universality of these markers must be further verified by analyzing other pure populations of bighead carps.
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- 2020
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25. Morphologically indistinguishable hybrid Carassius female with 156 chromosomes: A threat for the threatened crucian carp, C. carassius, L.
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Martin Knytl, Lukáš Kalous, Kateřina Rylková, Lukáš Choleva, Juha Merilä, and Petr Ráb
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The crucian carp Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), is native to many European freshwaters. Despite its wide distribution, the crucian carp is declining in both the number and sizes of populations across much of its range. Here we studied 30 individuals of a putative pure population from Helsinki, Finland. Despite clear external morphological features of C. carassius, an individual was of a higher ploidy level than the others. We therefore applied a set of molecular genetic (S7 nuclear and cytochrome b mitochondrial genes) and cytogenetic tools (sequential fluorescent 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI], Chromomycin A3 [CMA3], C-banding and in situ hybridization [FISH] with both 5S and 28S ribosomal DNA probes) to determine its origin. While all examined characteristics of a diploid representative male (CCAHe2Fi) clearly corresponded to those of C. carassius, a triploid individual (CCAHe1Fi) was more complex. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nuclear genome of CCAHe1Fi contained three haploid sets: two C. gibelio and one C. carassius. However the mitochondrial DNA was that of C. gibelio, demonstrating its hybrid origin. The FISH revealed three strong (more intensive) 5S rDNA loci, confirming the triploid status, and an additional 24 weak (less intensive) signals were observed in the chromosome complement of CCAHe1Fi. On the other hand, only two strong and 16 weak 5S rDNA signals were visible on the chromosomes of the CCAHe2Fi male. 28S rDNA FISH revealed four strong signals in both CCAHe1Fi and CCAHe2Fi individuals. CMA3 staining revealed four to six CMA3-positive bands of CCAHe1Fi, while that of diploids contained only two to four. The fact that a polyploid hybrid Carassius female with a strong invasive potential may share morphological characters typical for endangered C. carassius highlights a need to combine genetic investigations of Carassius cryptic diversity with conservation measures of C. carassius in Europe.
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- 2018
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26. Chromosome divergence during evolution of the tetraploid clawed frogs, Xenopus mellotropicalis and Xenopus epitropicalis as revealed by Zoo-FISH.
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Martin Knytl, Ondřej Smolík, Svatava Kubíčková, Tereza Tlapáková, Ben J Evans, and Vladimír Krylov
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Whole genome duplication (WGD) generates new species and genomic redundancy. In African clawed frogs of the genus Xenopus, this phenomenon has been especially important in that (i) all but one extant species are polyploid and (ii) whole genome sequences of some species provide an evidence for genomic rearrangements prior to or after WGD. Within Xenopus in the subgenus Silurana, at least one allotetraploidization event gave rise to three extant tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) species-Xenopus mellotropicalis, X. epitropicalis, and X. calcaratus-but it is not yet clear the degree to which these tetraploid genomes experienced rearrangements prior to or after allotetraploidization. To explore genome evolution during diversification of these species, we performed cytogenetic analyses of X. mellotropicalis, including assessment of the localization of nucleolar organizer region, chromosome banding, and determination of the p/q arm ratios for each chromosome pair. We compared these data to a previously characterized karyotype of X. epitropicalis. Morphometric, C-banding and Zoo-FISH data support a previously hypothesized common allotetraploid predecessor of these species. Zoo-FISH with whole chromosome painting (WCP) probes derived from the closely related diploid species X. tropicalis confirmed the existence of ten chromosomal quartets in X. mellotropicalis somatic cells, as expected by its ploidy level and tetraploid ancestry. The p/q arm ratio of chromosome 2a was found to be substantially different between X. mellotropicalis (0.81) and X. epitropicalis (0.67), but no substantial difference between these two species was detected in this ratio for the homoeologous chromosome pair 2b, or for other chromosome pairs. Additionally, we identified variation between these two species in the locations of a heterochromatic block on chromosome pair 2a. These results are consistent with a dynamic history of genomic rearrangements before and/or after genome duplication, a surprising finding given the otherwise relatively conserved genomic structure of most frogs.
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- 2017
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27. Avian Expression Patterns and Genomic Mapping Implicate Leptin in Digestion and TNF in Immunity, Suggesting That Their Interacting Adipokine Role Has Been Acquired Only in Mammals
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Eyal Seroussi, Martin Knytl, Frédérique Pitel, Daniel Elleder, Vladimir Krylov, Sophie Leroux, Mireille Morisson, Sara Yosefi, Shoval Miyara, Saibaba Ganesan, Mark Ruzal, Leif Andersson, and Miriam Friedman-Einat
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radiation-hybrid mapping ,FISH-TSA ,chicken ,TNF ,immune system ,leptin ,digestive tract ,duodenum ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In mammals, leptin and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) are prominent interacting adipokines mediating appetite control and insulin sensitivity. While TNF pleiotropically functions in immune defense and cell survival, leptin is largely confined to signaling energy stores in adipocytes. Knowledge about the function of avian leptin and TNF is limited and they are absent or lowly expressed in adipose, respectively. Employing radiation-hybrid mapping and FISH-TSA, we mapped TNF and its syntenic genes to chicken chromosome 16 within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. This mapping position suggests that avian TNF has a role in regulating immune response. To test its possible interaction with leptin within the immune system and beyond, we compared the transcription patterns of TNF, leptin and their cognate receptors obtained by meta-analysis of GenBank RNA-seq data. While expression of leptin and its receptor (LEPR) were detected in the brain and digestive tract, TNF and its receptor mRNAs were primarily found in viral-infected and LPS-treated leukocytes. We confirmed leptin expression in the duodenum by immunohistochemistry staining. Altogether, we suggest that whereas leptin and TNF interact as adipokines in mammals, in birds, they have distinct roles. Thus, the interaction between leptin and TNF may be unique to mammals.
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- 2019
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28. Karyotype and chromosome banding of endangered crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)
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Martin Knytl, Lukáš Kalous, and Petr Rab
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Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
The karyotype and other chromosomal characteristics the crucian carp (Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758)) were revealed by means of conventional banding protocols (C, CMA3, AgNOR). The diploid chromosome number (2n) in this species was 100. Its karyotype was composed of 10 pairs of metacentric, 18 pairs of submetacentric and 22 pairs of subtelo- to acrocentric chromosomes without any microchromosomes. C-banding identified blocks of telomeric heterochromatin on seven chromosome pairs. The NORs were situated on the p arms of the 14th pair of submetacentric chromosomes and on the p arms of the 32nd pair of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes; AgNOR-positive signals corresponded to the CMA3-positive signals. These chromosome characteristics may suggest a paleo-allotetraploid origin of C. carassius genome.
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- 2013
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29. Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS: An international multi-center study
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Fountoulakis, K.N. Dragioti, E. Theofilidis, A.T. Wiklund, T. Atmatzidis, X. Nimatoudis, I. Thys, E. Wampers, M. Hranov, L. Hristova, T. Aptalidis, D. Milev, R. Iftene, F. Spaniel, F. Knytl, P. Furstova, P. From, T. Karlsson, H. Walta, M. Salokangas, R.K.R. Azorin, J.-M. Bouniard, J. Montant, J. Juckel, G. Haussleiter, I.S. Douzenis, A. Michopoulos, I. Ferentinos, P. Smyrnis, N. Mantonakis, L. Nemes, Z. Gonda, X. Vajda, D. Juhasz, A. Shrivastava, A. Waddington, J. Pompili, M. Comparelli, A. Corigliano, V. Rancans, E. Navickas, A. Hilbig, J. Bukelskis, L. Stevovic, L.I. Vodopic, S. Esan, O. Oladele, O. Osunbote, C. Rybakowski, J.K. Wojciak, P. Domowicz, K. Figueira, M.L. Linhares, L. Crawford, J. Panfil, A.-L. Smirnova, D. Izmailova, O. Lecic-Tosevski, D. Temmingh, H. Howells, F. Bobes, J. Garcia-Portilla, M.P. García-Alvarez, L. Erzin, G. Karadaǧ, H. De Sousa, A. Bendre, A. Hoschl, C. Bredicean, C. Papava, I. Vukovic, O. Pejuskovic, B. Russell, V. Athanasiadis, L. Konsta, A. Stein, D. Berk, M. Dean, O. Tandon, R. Kasper, S. De Hert, M.
- Abstract
Background The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model. Methods Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ±Â 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed. Results The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage. Conclusions The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct cores of schizophrenia, the Positive and the Negative, while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition. © 2021 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
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- 2021
30. Gender, age at onset, and duration of being ill as predictors for the long-term course and outcome of schizophrenia: an international multicenter study
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Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wiklund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Fountoulakis, NK, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, De Hert, M, Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wiklund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Fountoulakis, NK, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, and De Hert, M
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of gender, age at onset, and duration on the long-term course of schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries representing all continents participated in the study that included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with a DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as relevant clinicodemographic data were gathered. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used, and the methodology corrected for the presence of potentially confounding effects. RESULTS: There was a 3-year later age at onset for females (P < .001) and lower rates of negative symptoms (P < .01) and higher depression/anxiety measures (P < .05) at some stages. The age at onset manifested a distribution with a single peak for both genders with a tendency of patients with younger onset having slower advancement through illness stages (P = .001). No significant effects were found concerning duration of illness. DISCUSSION: Our results confirmed a later onset and a possibly more benign course and outcome in females. Age at onset manifested a single peak in both genders, and surprisingly, earlier onset was related to a slower progression of the illness. No effect of duration has been detected. These results are partially in accord with the literature, but they also differ as a consequence of the different starting point of our methodology (a novel staging model), which in our opinion precluded the impact of confounding effects. Future research should focus on the therapeutic policy and implications of these results in more representative samples.
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- 2021
31. Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS : An international multi-center study
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Fountoulakis, K.N., Dragioti, Elena, Theofilidis, A.T., Wiklund, Tobias, Atmatzidis, Xenofon, Nimatoudis, I., Thys, E., Wampers, M., Hranov, L., Hristova, T., Aptalidis, D., Milev, R., Iftene, F., Spaniel, F., Knytl, P., Furstova, P., From, T., Karlsson, H., Walta, M., Salokangas, R.K.R., Azorin, J.-M., Bouniard, J., Montant, J., Juckel, G., Haussleiter, I.S., Douzenis, A., Michopoulos, I., Ferentinos, P., Smyrnis, N., Mantonakis, L., Nemes, Z., Gonda, X., Vajda, D., Juhasz, A., Shrivastava, A., Waddington, J., Pompili, M., Comparelli, A., Corigliano, V., Rancans, E., Navickas, A., Hilbig, J., Bukelskis, L., Stevovic, L.I., Vodopic, S., Esan, O., Oladele, O., Osunbote, C., Rybakowski, J.K., Wojciak, P., Domowicz, K., Figueira, M.L., Linhares, L., Crawford, J., Panfil, A.-L., Smirnova, D., Izmailova, O., Lecic-Tosevski, D., Temmingh, H., Howells, F., Bobes, J., Garcia-Portilla, M.P., Garciá-Alvarez, L., Erzin, G., Karada, H., De, Sousa A., Bendre, A., Hoschl, C., Bredicean, C., Papava, I., Vukovic, O., Pejuskovic, B., Russell, V., Athanasiadis, L., Konsta, A., Stein, D., Berk, M., Dean, O., Tandon, R., Kasper, S., De, Hert M., Fountoulakis, K.N., Dragioti, Elena, Theofilidis, A.T., Wiklund, Tobias, Atmatzidis, Xenofon, Nimatoudis, I., Thys, E., Wampers, M., Hranov, L., Hristova, T., Aptalidis, D., Milev, R., Iftene, F., Spaniel, F., Knytl, P., Furstova, P., From, T., Karlsson, H., Walta, M., Salokangas, R.K.R., Azorin, J.-M., Bouniard, J., Montant, J., Juckel, G., Haussleiter, I.S., Douzenis, A., Michopoulos, I., Ferentinos, P., Smyrnis, N., Mantonakis, L., Nemes, Z., Gonda, X., Vajda, D., Juhasz, A., Shrivastava, A., Waddington, J., Pompili, M., Comparelli, A., Corigliano, V., Rancans, E., Navickas, A., Hilbig, J., Bukelskis, L., Stevovic, L.I., Vodopic, S., Esan, O., Oladele, O., Osunbote, C., Rybakowski, J.K., Wojciak, P., Domowicz, K., Figueira, M.L., Linhares, L., Crawford, J., Panfil, A.-L., Smirnova, D., Izmailova, O., Lecic-Tosevski, D., Temmingh, H., Howells, F., Bobes, J., Garcia-Portilla, M.P., Garciá-Alvarez, L., Erzin, G., Karada, H., De, Sousa A., Bendre, A., Hoschl, C., Bredicean, C., Papava, I., Vukovic, O., Pejuskovic, B., Russell, V., Athanasiadis, L., Konsta, A., Stein, D., Berk, M., Dean, O., Tandon, R., Kasper, S., and De, Hert M.
- Abstract
Background. The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model. Methods. Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed. Results. The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage. Conclusions. The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct “cores” of schizophrenia, the “Positive” and the “Negative,” while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Evaluation and comparison of UV/H2O2and adsorption on active carbon as a tertiary wastewater treatment for pharmaceutical removal within a small WWTP: a pilot studyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ew00258f
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Knytl, Vladislav, Mašín, Pavel, Vlková, Vra, Semerád, Jaroslav, Michalíková, Klára, Najmanová, Petra, and Cajthaml, Tomáš
- Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are ubiquitous in the environment and represent typical anthropogenic micropollutants. Due to their low diffusive concentrations and often recalcitrant nature, the compounds are not completely removed by conventional biological wastewater treatment technologies, which emphasizes the need for tertiary treatment steps. This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of photooxidation UV/H2O2technology for the removal of selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, hydrochlorothiazide, sulfamethoxazole, and tramadol) as a tertiary treatment step within the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) process. The UV/H2O2technology was compared with the more common treatment method of adsorption on granulated activated carbon (AC) in short-term and long-term tests. Both treatment systems were installed as pilot-scale units at a WWTP in a small village (equivalent of about 900 people) where a psychiatric hospital is located in the Czech Republic. The short-term tests highlighted several important aspects that need to be addressed within full-scale operations (e.g., mechanical pretreatment of wastewater, relation between H2O2dose and UV dose). The initial concentration of tramadol was up to 5000 ng l−1, and that of carbamazepine and hydrochlorothiazide was up to 3000 ng l−1in the WWTP outflow. The results showed that both units were capable of removing more than 95% of the pharmaceuticals during the long-term tests. As oxidation processes can generate transformation products (TPs), the ecotoxicity evaluation was addressed. Ecotoxicity using the bioluminescence bacterium Vibrio fischeriand the rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1) did not indicate any increase in ecotoxicity parameters in comparison to the inflow water samples for both units. Both processes were finally evaluated from an economical point of view, and the pilot-scale AC unit was more favorable in this context; however, estimations for a full-scale system suggest that the UV/H2O2system is more economically feasible in terms of operational costs.
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- 2023
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33. Gender, age at onset, and duration of being ill as predictors for the long-term course and outcome of schizophrenia: an international multicenter study
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Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., Dragioti, Elena, Theofilidis, Antonis T., Wiklund, Tobias, Atmatzidis, Xenofon, Nimatoudis, Ioannis, Thys, Erik, Wampers, Martien, Hranov, Luchezar, Hristova, Trayana, Aptalidis, Daniil, Milev, Roumen, Iftene, Felicia, Spaniel, Filip, Knytl, Pavel, Furstova, Petra, From, Tiina, Karlsson, Henry, Walta, Maija, Salokangas, Raimo K. R., Azorin, Jean-Michel, Bouniard, Justine, Montant, Julie, Juckel, Georg, Haussleiter, Ida S., Douzenis, Athanasios, Michopoulos, Ioannis, Ferentinos, Panagiotis, Smyrnis, Nikolaos, Mantonakis, Leonidas, Nemes, Zsófia, Gonda, Xenia, Vajda, Dora, Juhasz, Anita, Shrivastava, Amresh, Waddington, John, Pompili, Maurizio, Comparelli, Anna, Corigliano, Valentina, Rancans, Elmars, Navickas, Alvydas, Hilbig, Jan, Bukelskis, Laurynas, Stevovic, Lidija I., Vodopic, Sanja, Esan, Oluyomi, Oladele, Oluremi, Osunbote, Christopher, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Wojciak, Pawel, Domowicz, Klaudia, Figueira, Maria L., Linhares, Ludgero, Crawford, Joana, Panfil, Anca-Livia, Smirnova, Daria, Izmailova, Olga, Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica, Temmingh, Henk, Howells, Fleur, Bobes, Julio, Garcia-Portilla, Maria P., García-Alvarez, Leticia, Erzin, Gamze, Karadağ, Hasan, De Sousa, Avinash, Bendre, Anuja, Hoschl, Cyril, Bredicean, Cristina, Papava, Ion, Vukovic, Olivera, Pejuskovic, Bojana, Russell, Vincent, Athanasiadis, Loukas, Konsta, Anastasia, Fountoulakis, Nikolaos K., Stein, Dan, Berk, Michael, Dean, Olivia, Tandon, Rajiv, Kasper, Siegfried, and De Hert, Marc
- Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the current study was to explore the effect of gender, age at onset, and duration on the long-term course of schizophrenia.MethodsTwenty-nine centers from 25 countries representing all continents participated in the study that included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with a DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale as well as relevant clinicodemographic data were gathered. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used, and the methodology corrected for the presence of potentially confounding effects.ResultsThere was a 3-year later age at onset for females (P< .001) and lower rates of negative symptoms (P< .01) and higher depression/anxiety measures (P< .05) at some stages. The age at onset manifested a distribution with a single peak for both genders with a tendency of patients with younger onset having slower advancement through illness stages (P= .001). No significant effects were found concerning duration of illness.DiscussionOur results confirmed a later onset and a possibly more benign course and outcome in females. Age at onset manifested a single peak in both genders, and surprisingly, earlier onset was related to a slower progression of the illness. No effect of duration has been detected. These results are partially in accord with the literature, but they also differ as a consequence of the different starting point of our methodology (a novel staging model), which in our opinion precluded the impact of confounding effects. Future research should focus on the therapeutic policy and implications of these results in more representative samples.
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- 2022
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34. P.518 Prodromal symptoms of psychotic disorder in non-help seeking population of Czech grammar and vocational schools. First phase of study
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Knytl, P., primary, Šebela, A., additional, Dorazilová, A., additional, Švancer, P., additional, Voráčková, V., additional, Jonáš, J., additional, Rodriguez, M., additional, and Mohr, P., additional
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- 2020
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35. P.517 Association between intensity of subclinical psychotic symptoms and social and occupational functioning assessment scale in non-help-seeking czech adolescents
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Švancer, P., primary, Šebela, A., additional, Jonáš, J., additional, Dorazilová, A., additional, Voráčková, V., additional, Knytl, P., additional, Mohr, P., additional, and Rodriguez, M., additional
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- 2020
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36. P.679 Neuroactive steroids and cognitive functions in healthy siblings of first-episode psychosis patients
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Knytl, P., primary, Voráčková, V., additional, Dorazilová, A., additional, Rodriguez, M., additional, Cvrčková, A., additional, Kofroňová, E., additional, Kuchař, M., additional, Kratochvílová, Z., additional, Šustová, P., additional, Čerešňáková, S., additional, and Mohr, P., additional
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- 2019
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37. P.086 25-OH vitamin D level is associated with the episodic memory in young male patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
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Švancer, P., primary, Kopeček, M., additional, Andrashko, V., additional, Knytl, P., additional, Dorazilová, A., additional, Voráčková, V., additional, Rodriguez, M., additional, Mohr, P., additional, and Španiel, F., additional
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- 2019
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38. Staging of Schizophrenia With the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study
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Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wikilund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, De Hert, M, Fountoulakis, KN, Dragioti, E, Theofilidis, AT, Wikilund, T, Atmatzidis, X, Nimatoudis, I, Thys, E, Wampers, M, Hranov, L, Hristova, T, Aptalidis, D, Milev, R, Iftene, F, Spaniel, F, Knytl, P, Furstova, P, From, T, Karlsson, H, Walta, M, Salokangas, RKR, Azorin, J-M, Bouniard, J, Montant, J, Juckel, G, Haussleiter, IS, Douzenis, A, Michopoulos, I, Ferentinos, P, Smyrnis, N, Mantonakis, L, Nemes, Z, Gonda, X, Vajda, D, Juhasz, A, Shrivastava, A, Waddington, J, Pompili, M, Comparelli, A, Corigliano, V, Rancans, E, Navickas, A, Hilbig, J, Bukelskis, L, Stevovic, LI, Vodopic, S, Esan, O, Oladele, O, Osunbote, C, Rybakowski, JK, Wojciak, P, Domowicz, K, Figueira, ML, Linhares, L, Crawford, J, Panfil, A-L, Smirnova, D, Izmailova, O, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Temmingh, H, Howells, F, Bobes, J, Garcia-Portilla, MP, Garcia-Alvarez, L, Erzin, G, Karadag, H, De Sousa, A, Bendre, A, Hoschl, C, Bredicean, C, Papava, I, Vukovic, O, Pejuskovic, B, Russell, V, Athanasiadis, L, Konsta, A, Stein, D, Berk, M, Dean, O, Tandon, R, Kasper, S, and De Hert, M
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A specific clinically relevant staging model for schizophrenia has not yet been developed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure of the PANSS and develop such a staging method. METHODS: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries contributed 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Analysis of covariance, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and inspection of resultant plots were performed. RESULTS: Exploratory Factor Analysis returned 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance (positive, negative, excitement/hostility, depression/anxiety, and neurocognition). The staging model included 4 main stages with substages that were predominantly characterized by a single domain of symptoms (stage 1: positive; stages 2a and 2b: excitement/hostility; stage 3a and 3b: depression/anxiety; stage 4a and 4b: neurocognition). There were no differences between sexes. The Discriminant Function Analysis developed an algorithm that correctly classified >85% of patients. DISCUSSION: This study elaborates a 5-factor solution and a clinical staging method for patients with schizophrenia. It is the largest study to address these issues among patients who are more likely to remain affiliated with mental health services for prolonged periods of time.
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- 2019
39. Time is the enemy: Negative symptoms are related to even slight differences in the duration of untreated psychosis.
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Slováková, Andrea, Kúdelka, Jan, Škoch, Antonín, Jakob, Lea, Fialová, Markéta, Fürstová, Petra, Bakštein, Eduard, Bankovská Motlová, Lucie, Knytl, Pavel, and Španiel, Filip
- Abstract
Negative symptoms (NS) represent a detrimental symptomatic domain in schizophrenia affecting social and occupational outcomes. We aimed to identify factors from the baseline visit (V1) — with a mean illness duration of 0.47 years (SD = 0.45) — that predict the magnitude of NS at the follow-up visit (V3), occurring 4.4 years later (mean +/− 0.45). Using longitudinal data from 77 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum patients, we analysed eight predictors of NS severity at V3: (1) the age at disease onset, (2) age at V1, (3) sex, (4) diagnosis, (5) NS severity at V1, (6) the dose of antipsychotic medication at V3, (7) hospitalisation days before V1 and; (8) the duration of untreated psychosis /DUP/). Secondly, using a multiple linear regression model, we studied the longitudinal relationship between such identified predictors and NS severity at V3 using a multiple linear regression model. DUP (Pearson's r = 0.37, p = 0.001) and NS severity at V1 (Pearson's r = 0.49, p < 0.001) survived correction for multiple comparisons. The logarithmic-like relationship between DUP and NS was responsible for the initial stunning incremental contribution of DUP to the severity of NS. For DUP < 6 months, with the sharpest DUP/NS correlation, prolonging DUP by five days resulted in a measurable one-point increase in the 6-item negative symptoms PANSS domain assessed 4.9 (+/− 0.6) years after the illness onset. Prolongation of DUP to 14.7 days doubled this NS gain, whereas 39 days longer DUP tripled NS increase. The results suggest the petrification of NS during the early stages of the schizophrenia spectrum and a crucial dependence of this symptom domain on DUP. These findings are clinically significant and highlight the need for primary preventive actions. • Study focuses on link between DUP and negative symptoms ∼5 years after schizophrenia onset. • Findings reveal a logarithmic DUP-negative symptom link, with extended DUP heightening symptoms after five years. • Early treatment's critical role is highlighted; small treatment delays worsen future symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Effectiveness of "Mom Supports Mom" Peer Support Intervention in Reducing Prenatal Anxiety and Psychosocial Stress Levels.
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Hrdličková, K., Horáková, A., Kuklová, M., Němcová, H., Knytl, P., Kostýlková, L., and Šebela, A.
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MOTHER-child relationship ,POSTPARTUM depression ,MENTAL depression ,PREGNANT women ,MATERNAL health ,PRENATAL depression - Abstract
Introduction: The prenatal period poses a risk of both onset and relapse of mental health difficulties. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are the most common, with a prevalence of 10-20%. Untreated mental health difficulties can have serious consequences for the child's development, the quality of the mother-child relationship, and the whole family system. Peer support can be an effective form of care for women at risk. Objectives: The aim of the study is to examine the effectivness of remote "Mom Supports Mom" peer support intervention in reducing prenatal anxiety, depression and psychosocial stress levels. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. The Edinburg Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS) was used to assess the risk of mental health difficulties in pregnant women. Women with EPDS score ≥ 10 were randomized 1:1 to control and intervention groups. The intervention group received the "Mom Supports Mom" peer support intervention. The control group received care as usual. Between group-differences in anxiety, depression and psychosocial stress levels were measured one month after the enrollment/the start of the intervention. The Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP) were used to assess the mental health difficulties. Results: The study involved a total of 67 participants in the intervention group, and 77 participants in the control group. Levels of anxiety (U = 2016, P < 0.05) and psychosocial stress (U = 1862, P = 0.001) were significantly decreased in the intervention group, showing a medium effect size of the intervention (Cliff's delta= -0.218 and -0.317, respectively). There was no significant difference in depression levels (U = 2288.5, P = 0.243; Cliff's delta = -0.113); see Table 1. Table 1 Between group differences in study outcomes (n=144) Measuring instruments Intervention group (n=67) Median (IQR) Intervention group 95% Confidence Interval Control group (n=77) Median (IQR) Control group 95% Confidence Interval U value / t value p-value EPDS (pre) 13 (4) 12.5 13.9 13 (4) 12.8 14.2 2429.5 0.545 PASS (pre) 36 (17) 32.0 38.0 36 (15) 34.0 39.5 0.846 0.399 PPP (pre) 18 (4) 17.8 20.3 17 (6) 16.9 18.8 2282.5 0.233 EPDS (dif) -6 (6) -6.7 -4.1 -5 (6) -5.4 -3.0 2288.5 0.243 PASS (dif) -7 (11) -12.3 -6.8 -5 (13) -7.3 -2.4 2016 0.024 PPP (dif) -2 (4) -4.0 -1.6 0 (4) -1.2 0.5 1862 0.001 EPDS = Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale PASS = Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale PPP = Prenatal Psychosocial Profile pre = administered at baseline dif = administered post-intervention IQR = interquartile range Conclusions: The remote "Mom Supports Mom" peer support intervention can be effective in reducing anxiety and psychosocial stress levels in at-risk pregnant women. Nevertheless, it didn't show effectivness in reducing depression levels. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Neuroactive steroids as endophenotypes of psychotic disorder: Preliminary data
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Knytl, P., primary, Voráčková, V., additional, Čerešňáková, S., additional, and Mohr, P., additional
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- 2019
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42. Is attenuated abstract thinking a marker of high risk for psychosis? A study of cognition in patients with psychosis and their siblings
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Vorackova, V., primary, Knytl, P., additional, Šustová, P., additional, Dorazilová, A., additional, Juraj, J., additional, Cvrčková, A., additional, Mohr, P., additional, and Rodriguez, M., additional
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- 2019
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43. Prevalence of psychotic-like experiences in healthy adolescents: Preliminary data and educational program for high schools
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Dorazilova, A., primary, Šebela, A., additional, Cvrčková, A., additional, Voráčková, V., additional, Jonáš, J., additional, Švancer, P., additional, Knytl, P., additional, Mohr, P., additional, and Rodriguez, M., additional
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- 2019
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44. Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS: an international multi-center study
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Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., Dragioti, Elena, Theofilidis, Antonis T., Wiklund, Tobias, Atmatzidis, Xenofon, Nimatoudis, Ioannis, Thys, Erik, Wampers, Martien, Hranov, Luchezar, Hristova, Trayana, Aptalidis, Daniil, Milev, Roumen, Iftene, Felicia, Spaniel, Filip, Knytl, Pavel, Furstova, Petra, From, Tiina, Karlsson, Henry, Walta, Maija, Salokangas, Raimo K.R., Azorin, Jean-Michel, Bouniard, Justine, Montant, Julie, Juckel, Georg, Haussleiter, Ida S., Douzenis, Athanasios, Michopoulos, Ioannis, Ferentinos, Panagiotis, Smyrnis, Nikolaos, Mantonakis, Leonidas, Nemes, Zsófia, Gonda, Xenia, Vajda, Dora, Juhasz, Anita, Shrivastava, Amresh, Waddington, John, Pompili, Maurizio, Comparelli, Anna, Corigliano, Valentina, Rancans, Elmars, Navickas, Alvydas, Hilbig, Jan, Bukelskis, Laurynas, Stevovic, Lidija I., Vodopic, Sanja, Esan, Oluyomi, Oladele, Oluremi, Osunbote, Christopher, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Wojciak, Pawel, Domowicz, Klaudia, Figueira, Maria L., Linhares, Ludgero, Crawford, Joana, Panfil, Anca-Livia, Smirnova, Daria, Izmailova, Olga, Lecic-Tosevski, Dusica, Temmingh, Henk, Howells, Fleur, Bobes, Julio, Garcia-Portilla, Maria P., García-Alvarez, Leticia, Erzin, Gamze, Karadağ, Hasan, De Sousa, Avinash, Bendre, Anuja, Hoschl, Cyril, Bredicean, Cristina, Papava, Ion, Vukovic, Olivera, Pejuskovic, Bojana, Russell, Vincent, Athanasiadis, Loukas, Konsta, Anastasia, Stein, Dan, Berk, Michael, Dean, Olivia, Tandon, Rajiv, Kasper, Siegfried, and De Hert, Marc
- Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model.MethodsTwenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed.ResultsThe results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage.ConclusionsThe current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct “cores” of schizophrenia, the “Positive” and the “Negative,” while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition.
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- 2021
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45. Serum 25-OH vitamin D level in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
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Kopecek, M., primary, Protopopova, D., additional, Knytl, P., additional, Kohutova, B., additional, Hanka, J., additional, and Mohr, P., additional
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- 2017
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46. Quality of Lfe in Healthy Siblings of Patients with First Episode of Psychotic Illness and its Predictors
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Knytl, P., primary, Vorackova, V., additional, and Mohr, P., additional
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- 2017
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47. Memory and medial temporal lobe structures in patients with schizophrenia and their siblings
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Vorackova, V., primary, Mohr, P., additional, Knytl, P., additional, Fajnerova, I., additional, Dorazilova, A., additional, Kratochvilova, Z., additional, Skoch, A., additional, and Rodriguez, M., additional
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- 2017
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48. Effect of Vitamin D deficiency on BMI in patients treated with Multi-acting Receptor Target Antipsychotics
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Kopeček, M., Patrik Švancer, Andrashko, V., Knytl, P., Kohútová, B., Kožený, J., Protopopová, D., and Mohr, P.
49. The prodromal stage of psychotic illness: Morphological correlates and current therapeutic options,ProdromÁLnÍ psychotickÉ stavy: morfologickÉ korelÁty a aktuÁlnÍ terapeutickÉ mo.,nosti
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Švancer, P., Antonin Sebela, Knytl, P., Dorazilová, A., Voráèková, V., and Jonáš, J.
50. Prevalence of high-risk symptoms for psychosis in population of adolescents: Czech version of the prodromal questionnaire brief,Prevalence symptomu vyssiho rizika rozvoje psychozy v populaci adolescentu: Ceska verze prodromalnfflo dotaznÍku
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Antonin Sebela, Doraztlova, A., Vorackova, V., Knytl, P., Rodriguez, M., Jonas, J., Svancer, P., and Mohr, P.
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