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We completely characterize connected Lie groups all of whose countable subgroups are weakly amenable. We also provide a characterization of connected semisimple Lie groups that are weakly amenable. Finally, we show that a connected Lie group is weakly amenable if the group is weakly amenable as a discrete group., Comment: Final version. To appear in Pacific Journal of Mathematics

We study locally compact groups for which the Fourier algebra coincides with the Rajchman algebra. In particular, we show that there exist uncountably many non-compact groups with this property. Generalizing a result of Hewitt and Zuckerman, we show that no non-compact nilpotent group has this property, whereas non-compact solvable groups with this property are known to exist. We provide several structural results on groups whose Fourier and Rajchman algebras coincide as well as new criteria for establishing this property. Finally, we study the relation between groups with completely reducible regular representation and groups whose Fourier and Rajchman algebras coincide. For unimodular groups with completely reducible regular representation, we show that the Fourier algebra may in general be strictly smaller than the Rajchman algebra., Comment: 26 pages. Comments welcome

Recently, a complete characterization of connected Lie groups with the Approximation Property was given. The proof used of the newly introduced property (T*). We present here a short proof of the same result avoiding the use of property (T*). Using property (T*), however, the characterization is extended to every almost connected group. We end with some remarks about the impossibility of going beyond the almost connected case., Comment: 4 pages

We give a contractive Schur multiplier characterization of locally compact groups coarsely embeddable into Hilbert spaces. Consequently, all locally compact groups whose weak Haagerup constant is 1 embed coarsely into Hilbert spaces, and hence the Baum-Connes assembly map with coefficients is split-injective for such groups., Comment: 6 pages. Final version. To appear in Bull. Bel. Math. Soc. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1408.5238

Following an approach of Ozawa, we show that several semidirect products are not weakly amenable. As a consequence, we are able to characterize the simply connected Lie groups that are weakly amenable., Comment: 9 pages. Comments welcome

We give a complete characterization of connected Lie groups with the Approximation Property for groups (AP). To this end, we introduce a strengthening of property (T), that we call property (T*), which is a natural obstruction to the AP. In order to define property (T*), we first prove that for every locally compact group G, there exists a unique left invariant mean on the space of completely bounded Fourier multipliers of G. A locally compact group G is said to have property (T*) if this mean is a weak* continuous functional. After proving that the groups SL(3,R), Sp(2,R), and the universal covering of Sp(2,R) have property (T*), we address the question which connected Lie groups have the AP. A technical problem that arises when considering this question from the point of view of the AP is that the semisimple part of the global Levi decomposition of a connected Lie group need not be closed. Because of an important permanence property of property (T*), this problem vanishes. It follows that a connected Lie group has the AP if and only if all simple factors in the semisimple part of its Levi decomposition have real rank 0 or 1. Finally, we are able to establish property (T*) for all connected simple higher rank Lie groups with finite center., Comment: 18 pages, more details were included in Sections 5 and 6 and some additional minor changes were made

In this paper we consider the class of connected simple Lie groups equipped with the discrete topology. We show that within this class of groups the following approximation properties are equivalent: (1) the Haagerup property; (2) weak amenability; (3) the weak Haagerup property. In order to obtain the above result we prove that the discrete group GL(2,K) is weakly amenable with constant 1 for any field K., Comment: 15 pages. Final version. To appear in J. Lie Theory

The weak Haagerup property for locally compact groups and the weak Haagerup constant was recently introduced by the second author. The weak Haagerup property is weaker than both weak amenability introduced by Cowling and the first author and the Haagerup property introduced by Connes and Choda. In this paper it is shown that a connected simple Lie group G has the weak Haagerup property if and only if the real rank of G is zero or one. Hence for connected simple Lie groups the weak Haagerup property coincides with weak amenability. Moreover, it turns out that for connected simple Lie groups the weak Haagerup constant coincides with the weak amenability constant, although this is not true for locally compact groups in general. It is also shown that the semidirect product of R^2 by SL(2,R) does not have the weak Haagerup property., Comment: 19 pages. Final version. To appear in IMRN

We introduce the weak Haagerup property for locally compact groups and prove several hereditary results for the class of groups with this approximation property. The class contains a priori all weakly amenable groups and groups with the (usual) Haagerup property, but examples are given of groups with the weak Haagerup property which are not weakly amenable and do not have the Haagerup property. In the second part of the paper we introduce the weak Haagerup property for finite von Neumann algebras, and we prove several hereditary results here as well. Also, a discrete group has the weak Haagerup property if and only if its group von Neumann algebra does. Finally, we give an example of two II_1 factors with different weak Haagerup constants., Comment: 41 pages

We study the following question: given a locally compact group when does its Fourier algebra coincide with the subalgebra of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra consisting of functions vanishing at infinity? We provide sufficient conditions for this to be the case. As an application, we show that when P is the minimal parabolic subgroup in one of the classical simple Lie groups of real rank one or the exceptional such group, then the Fourier algebra of P coincides with the subalgebra of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra of P consisting of functions vanishing at infinity. In particular, the regular representation of P decomposes as a direct sum of irreducible representations although P is not compact., Comment: 17 pages. Major changes in the exposition. Final version

We find a L\'evy-Khinchin formula for radial functions on free groups. As a corollary we obtain a linear bound on the growth of radial, conditionally negative definite functions on free groups of two or more generators., Comment: 13 pages. Added references

In order to investigate the relationship between weak amenability and the Haagerup property for groups, we introduce the weak Haagerup property, and we prove that having this approximation property is equivalent to the existence of a semigroup of Herz-Schur multipliers generated by a proper function. It is then shown that a (not necessarily proper) generator of a semigroup of Herz-Schur multipliers splits into a positive definite kernel and a conditionally negative definite kernel. We also show that the generator has a particularly pleasant form if and only if the group is amenable. In the second half of the paper we study semigroups of radial Herz-Schur multipliers on free groups. We prove that a generator of such a semigroup is linearly bounded by the word length function., Comment: 38 pages. Final version. Version 2: Theorem 1.5 and Theorem 1.6 in the previous version are merged into one

Water quality measures for inland and coastal waters are available as discrete samples from professional and volunteer water quality monitoring programs and higher-frequency, near-continuous data from automated in situ sensors. Water quality parameters also are estimated from model outputs and remote sensing. The integration of these data, via data assimilation, can result in a more holistic characterization of these highly dynamic ecosystems, and consequently improve water resource management. It is becoming common to see combinations of these data applied to answer relevant scientific questions. Yet, methods for scaling water quality data across regions and beyond, to provide actionable knowledge for stakeholders, have emerged only recently, particularly with the availability of satellite data now providing global coverage at high spatial resolution. In this paper, data sources and existing data integration frameworks are reviewed to give an overview of the present status and identify the gaps in existing frameworks. We propose an integration framework to provide information to user communities through the the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) AquaWatch Initiative. This aims to develop and build the global capacity and utility of water quality data, products, and information to support equitable and inclusive access for water resource management, policy and decision making.