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Phoenic dactylifera (date) is a species of flowering plants in the family of Arecaceae. Date seeds are considered as a waste from many processing that produced plants pitted date, confectionery date syrup and date itself. Currently, the seeds are used mainly for animal feed in the cattle and chicken industry. In 2004, about 863,000 tonnes of date seeds are produced out of 6.9 million tonnes date. Tenderness is the major concern that affecting consumer acceptance of beef in meat industry. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the bioactive compound extracted from date seed as a tenderizing agent in meat. Extraction of date seeds used a different method of extraction (Soxhlet and Maceration). The application of extracted on knuckle part of beef were performed and papain was used as a positive control and followed by the sensory evaluation. The analysis of cooked meat was performed in order to analyze the physico-chemical properties of date seeds extract. The result from the study revealed that the aqueous extract (maceration techniques) gave the best percentage of the total yield recovery with 28.44%. The physico-chemical properties of cooked meat showed the reducing of pH value after cooking. Meanwhile for the cooking yield, result showed that almost 86% of water losses during cooking for aqueous extract and positive control and 96% for negative control. According to the sensory evaluation of the cooked meat, scoring test and hedonic test were performed using One Way Anova. The result for texture is 6.10±2.1, juiceness is 5.87±1.76 and taste is 6.80±1.34. All attributes have no significant different at p

Purpose Currently, rehabilitation medical care is expensive, requires a large number of rehabilitation therapist and which can only limit in the fixed location. In addition, there is a lack of research on the structure optimization and theoretical analysis of soft actuators for hand rehabilitation. In view of the problems above, this paper aims to propose a cheap, portable, wearable soft multiple joints rehabilitation glove. Design/methodology/approach First, this paper determined the hyperelastic constitutive model by material tensile test. Second, the soft actuator’s internal longitudinal section shape was optimized through the comparison of three diverse chamber structures. Meanwhile, the motion model of the soft actuator is established by the finite element model analysis method. Then, this paper established the constitutive model of the soft actuator according to the torque equilibrium equation and analyzed the relationship between the soft actuator’s bending angle and the input air pressure. This paper has verified that the theoretical model is correct through the soft actuator bending test. Finally, rehabilitation gloves were manufactured according to the model and the rehabilitation performance and grasping ability of gloves were verified through experiments. Findings The optimization results show that the internal semicircular cavity has better performance. Then, the actuator performance is better after adding the external arc structure and optimizing the physical dimension. The experimental results show that the trajectory of the actuator conforms to the mathematical model and rehabilitation gloves can meet the needs of rehabilitation treatment. Practical implications Rehabilitation gloves made of actuators can help patients with hand dysfunction in daily rehabilitation training. Then, it can also assist patients with some fine and complicated hand movements. Originality/value This paper proposes a new type of soft rehabilitation glove, which is composed of new soft actuators and adapting pieces. The new actuator is small enough to be fitted to the knuckle of the glove to move each joint of the finger.

In this paper, 3D anti-swing control for a hydraulic loader crane is presented. The difference between hydraulic and electric cranes are discussed to show the challenges associated with hydraulic actuation. The hanging load dynamics and relevant kinematics of the crane are derived to model the system and create the 3D anti-swing controller. The anti-swing controller generates a set of tool point velocities which are added to the electro-hydraulic motion controller via feedforward. A dynamic simulation model of the crane is made, and the control system is evaluated in simulations with a path controller in actuator space. Simulation results show significant reduction in the load swing angles during motion using the proposed anti-swing controller in addition to pressure feedback. Experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the anti-swing controller. Results show that the implemented pressure feedback is crucial for reaching stability, and with it the control system yields good suppression of the swing angles in practice.

In order to reduce automobile operating costs and solve environmental problems, it has recently become an important issue to lightly design a vehicle weight. In this study, to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles, research was conducted on weight reduction of parts using 6061 aluminum alloy material, a lightweight material. In order to design the knuckle lightweight, the material was changed to aluminum 6061-T6 alloy material instead of FCD600 cast iron material. In addition, the design shape has also been changed to have the same stiffness as the existing material. After this, the stress change was analyzed. Knuckle made of aluminum alloy reduces weight, but strength, vibration characteristics, and fatigue characteristics must be sufficiently considered. Therefore, the knuckle dynamic stiffness analysis according to the material change was compared and the stiffness of the knuckle designed with 6061 aluminum alloy compared to the FCD600 cast iron material was found to be about 30 % better because it was designed by changing the shape of knuckle made of 6061 alloys. In addition, it was confirmed that the durability was satisfied through the fatigue test, and through this, the guide for the lightweight design and the optimal design conditions for the vehicle knuckle will be presented.

To solve the problems of overconsumption and the increasing environmental pollution brought by rapid industrial development, governments around the world have been introducing a series of green man...

Various biometric traits are available but recently finger knuckle image has attracted great attention to biometric research community due to its potentiality and ease of use. The performance of any biometric system heavily depends on the accuracy of feature detection and robustness of feature description. A number of feature descriptors are available but selection is being determined by the type of application such as image retrieval, biometric system, remote sensing etc. This paper proposed a biometric system using leading descriptor for finger knuckle biological trait image recognition and also compare the proposed system with existing leading state-of-art finger knuckle print recognition. The recognition performance is measured by some standard evaluation protocol such as Equal Error Rate (EER), Decidability index, Computation cost, Zero-score imposter probability, Zero-score genuine probability, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), Detection Error Trade-off (DET) over PolyU Finger Knuckle benchmark database. The experimental results show that, the performance of SURF, KAZE and ORB are comparable and are better as compared to BRISK and MSER descriptor. The ERR of 0.0010% is obtained with ORB descriptor while the Decidability index of 6.4645 is obtained for KAZE. The minimum Computational cost of 0.1442 s is obtained for SURF as compares to other of its class.

The steering knuckle is one of the critical and bulky components of the formula society of automotive engineers (FSAE) car. In the FSAE weight of the vehicle is the main objective concern, therefore, the aim is to redesign the upright by using hybrid metal matrix composite material so that factor of safety (FOS) remains larger than two but the weight of the component decreases. The aluminum alloy 7075-T6 is reinforced with silicon carbide and the magnesium powder is used for the preparation of a composite. Static structural analysis of the steering knuckle made of Al-10 wt% SiC-1 wt% Mg was performed using the ANSYS18.1 workbench. The outcomes of the steering knuckle produced of hybrid MMC with improved construction were compared with the results of the old aluminum alloy steering knuckle on the grounds of the real loading cases working under dynamic conditions. From this structural study, it is found that the lower wishbone mount of the knuckle has the highest stress and deflection during service. Cross sectional knuckle area was analyzed and geometrically optimized for maximum shear / maximum stress. The fatigue life and FOS of the hybrid MMC knuckle is investigated in the worst case of testing. The findings obtained from the analytical and FEA study are highly favourable for the changed design with MMC.

Steering and suspension play a pivotal role in the build of an Electric All-Terrain vehicle. The efficient design of these subsystems is important to improve the maneuverability and overall performance of the vehicle as there is the constraint of limited power. This work provides a comprehensive procedure to design the steering and front suspension by obtaining optimum parameters through various design procedures. AISI 4130 is chosen as the material for the Front Wishbones and AL 6061 T6 is the material for the front hub and knuckle. The components designed are practical for an E-ATV as they yield a reliable Factor of Safety (FOS) in different loading scenarios.

Skin lesions occurring over the knuckles can be a primary or characteristic manifestation of a disorder. Characteristic knuckle lesions may also be important cutaneous features of various internal disorders when they serve as useful clinical pointers, as well as may speak of the disease severity in certain instances. Furthermore, knuckle lesions also speak of various external factors as the underlying cause of the disease/lesions, such as trauma – occupational or otherwise, and contact dermatitis. Although knuckles essentially imply dorsal aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joints, many of the lesions described as those 'involving the knuckles' are seen over the proximal and/or less frequently, the distal interphalangel joints as well. This review presents a compilation of various inherited and acquired dermatoses and dermatological manifestations of various internal disorders associated with different forms of knuckle lesions.

In this study, a new accurate hand biometric modality for person authentication is proposed. This modality consists in the basis of the finger, which is located below the proximal knuckle and above the metacarpo knuckle of the finger, and which was not investigated yet in the literature. A multimodal biometric system which uses a new combination of metacarpo and distal phalanx is also designed and tested. Additionally, an improved features extraction method called Average Line Local Binary Pattern (ALLBP), is introduced to improve features extraction of this region of the inner print of the finger. Experimental tests on a standard database show very good performance of the basic Inner‐knuckle print for biometric recognition using ALLBP, and the high accuracy of the proposed hand bimodal system.

Steering knuckle is an important component of a vehicle suspension system, which acts as a connection point between the wheel hub and the suspension system. Since, the forces coming from the tires are transferred to knuckle with high varying loads. The design of a knuckle becomes very critical in terms of its life with high factor of safety. At the same time, the design also should be robust with the required fatigue life, right material selection and weight optimization, without affecting the desired performance. There has been a considerable effort placed in this direction to reduce the overall weight of the knuckle system by employing high strength alloys instead of conventional materials or optimizing the geometry without altering the desired functionality and its fatigue life. This project focuses on optimization and fatigue life estimation of an optimized Knuckle using Finite Element Analysis approach and fatigue tester. This is done by studying and comparing the results of a rigid baseline model with that of an optimized model through simulation and experimentation. The optimized model is arrived based on the stresses obtained from the baseline study. The fatigue life of the optimized model is evaluated under fatigue tester and fractography analysis is carried out.

This study investigates a multibody dynamic model for predicting changes in dynamic responses based on the hardpoints and torsion beam properties of a coupled torsion beam axle (CTBA). This model applies beam elements to torsion beams that experience large deformations, and it applies rigid bodies to other parts such as the spring mount, trailing arm, and knuckle. For beam element modeling, the Timoshenko beam theory is used. The performance of this model was evaluated through a roll simulation and virtual testing lab (VTL), and it was compared to a flexible body CTBA model and validated. The validation results showed that the two models’ output errors were within 3% and 10% in the two test modes, respectively. This confirms that accuracy of the beam element based CTBA model is as high as that of the flexible body CTBA model. In addition, an effect analysis based on the design of the experiments (DOE) was performed on the hardpoints and torsion beam properties of the CTBA as an application case for the beam element based CTBA model. These application cases show that a beam element based CTBA model can be easily used to perform experiments for predicting system performance according to changes in hardpoints and torsion beam properties even when the shape of the CTBA is not determined.

Topology optimization is a shape optimization method connected with finite element (FE) analysis, and has recently received increasing attention owing to rapid evolution of additive manufacturing (AM). In this study, an automotive knuckle part was developed by combining kinetic analysis, FE structural analysis, and topology optimization. A kinetic analysis based on a multibody dynamics simulation was performed to calculate reaction forces during a given driving course. Structural FE analyses were conducted to evaluate structural safety by applying the calculated reaction forces as boundary conditions. Topology optimization was then carried out to improve the stiffness and structural safety of the knuckle. Further structural FE analyses were performed to compare the structural efficiency of the optimized design where the stiffness increased more than 2.5 times in comparison with the original design. The optimized knuckle pairs were then manufactured by a metal AM process using AlSi10Mg powders, and were assembled to the other suspension components successfully. A formula-style electric car was then built by assembling the developed knuckle, and a number of driving tests showed that the knuckle ensured adequate structural stiffness and safety.

International audience; The identification of individuals by their finger dorsal patterns has become a very active area of research in recent years. In this paper, we present a multimodal biometric personal identification system that combines the information extracted from the finger dorsal surface image with the major and minor knuckle pattern regions. In particular, first the features are extracted from each single region by BSIF (binarized statistical image features) technique. Then, extracted information is fused at feature level. Fusion is followed by dimensionality reduction step using PCA (principal component analysis) + LDA (linear discriminant analysis) scheme in order to improve its discriminatory power. Finally, in the matching stage, the cosine Mahalanobis distance has been employed. Experiments were conducted on publicly available database for minor and major finger knuckle images, which was collected from 503 different subjects. Reported experimental results show that feature-level fusion leads to improved performance over single modality approaches, as well as over previously proposed methods in the literature.

International audience; In this paper, we proposed a novel finger knuckle pattern (FKP) based personal authentication system using multilayer deep rule based (DRB) classifier. The presented approach is completely data-driven and fully automatic. However, the DRB classifier is generic and can be used in variety of classification or prediction problems. In particular, from the input finger knuckle, two kinds of features (i.e., Binarized Statistical Image Features and Gabor Filer bank) are extracted, which are then fed to fuzzy rules based DRB classifier to determine whether the user is genuine or impostor. Experimental results in the form of accuracy, error equal rate (EER) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrate that presented DRB classifier is a powerful tool in FKP based biometric identification system. Experiments are reported using publicly available FKP PolyU database provided by University of Hong Kong. Experiments using this database show that the presented framework, in this study, can attain performance better than previously proposed methods. Moreover, score level fusion of all FKP modalities with BSIF + DRB yielded an equal error rate of 0.19% and an accuracy of 99.65%.

Formula vehicles (FSAE) is confronting to increase vehicle performance by reducing the weight of the various components. In consideration of weight, knuckle is one of the serious things to look over it. Steering knuckle is a nonstandard or non-catalog component hooks up with the constraint wishbones, suspension, brake disc and wheel hub. It undergoes alternating loads subjected to different conditions. In this study we aim in reduction of weight in the knuckle with concession in the yield strength. Design a two different type of compact knuckle by using the solidworks software. The compact knuckle also provides desired direction to the vehicle and also reduces the unsprung mass. To make a compact knuckle enrich a rib in less stress areas. The difference in two knuckles is that the length of model 2 knuckle is more. If the length of the knuckle increases the stress acting on upper arm will be less when compared to the model 1. But in consideration of weight based on size model 1 knuckle is less weight without consideration of material. Thus our main aim is using the material with a high strength with less weight comparing with the commercial knuckle material. In this paper, proposed a two different materials one is Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 has a high yield strength and this is compared to the prepared hybrid composite material by which the material is prepared by adding 5wt%SiC and 3wt%Gr with Aluminium alloy 7075- T6. By the properties of the two material AA7075-T6 and AA7075- T6 with 5wt%SiC and 3wt%Gr is analysed in the Ansys 16.0 software. By the results through ansys, the stress and deformation is analyzed. By concluding the work by selecting less deformation and stress observed model and material.

A vast application of biometric identification in the field of forensic purposes to identify suspect and also commonly used as time attendance system in the offices. A number of humans’ biological ...

The fatigue of structural details of ships is of great importance in the maritime industry as they can lead to cracks which can jeopardize structural integrity. The hopper knuckle is among the most vulnerable areas in a ship with respect to fatigue damage. Analysis of the hopper knuckle has become mandatory for tankers in the Class Ship Rules and in the International Association of Classification Societies Common Structural Rules. Along with the fatigue damage record of the vessels, the fatigue analysis of the hopper knuckles is essential to ensure that the vessels have sufficient fatigue strength. In the current work, fatigue calculations are performed of the upper and lower hopper knuckle connections within midship of the oil tanker using simplified fatigue calculations based on Det Norske Veritas (DNVGL) Classification Note No. 30.7. The fatigue analysis is based on 25 years of operation in worldwide wave environment. A cargo hold model (½ + 1 + ½) amidships and a local finite element model of the hopper knuckle are generated. The local model provides relevant hotspot stress for fatigue life calculations. The results from the hopper knuckle fatigue analysis show that the vessels may expect fatigue cracks at lower hopper knuckle before the vessel reaches its design life of 25 years. Based on the findings, it is recommended to fit soft brackets and close scallops at the lower hopper knuckle on selected common frames in all cargo holds.

A inner knuckle print identification system has been designed and developed. This work presents a new approach to authenticate people according to their finger textures. This proposed method consists of three stages. They are preprocessing, feature extraction and matching. In the first stage, noise is suppressed using an image filtering. In the second stage, features are extracted by local line binary pattern. Artificial neural network and support vector machine are used to provide an efficient matching algorithm for inner knuckle print authentication. After matching, the algorithm returns the best match for the given fingerprint parameters. The use of inner knuckle print in biometric identification has been the most widely used authentication system. A classification with an accuracy of 89% and 97% has been obtained by support vector machine and artificial neural network classifier.

A wide variety of security applications like computers, laptops, mobile phones, ATM machines, physical access control to property etc. are using biometrics based system for human identification. Today’s Biometrics authentication system can provide highest level of security to the user of the service and the service providers. Today’s uni-modal biometric systems has become mature system and being used for low level to medium level security applications. But, for extremely higher level of security requirements like military base, nuclear plants, research laboratories etc., Finger knuckle image and Retina image based combination can be used, as this combinations provides the highest level of accuracy, low error rates, universality etc. Also the security of Multi-modal biometric templates is very importance as biometric template store vital information of the user. In this research work, Multi-modal Biometric system for higher level security using Finger Knuckle image and Retina image with templates security is developed, experiments are carried out and results are calculated using PolyU database for Finger Knuckle image and DRIVE for Retina images. A Finger Knuckle Image processing starts with Median Filtering, CLAHE method and Canny edge detection. The features extraction is carried using SURF feature method. Once the finger knuckle image template is generated, it is encrypted using RSA algorithm and stored in database. The Retina Image Processing is carried out by applying Green channel followed by Gaussian filtering, CLAHE method is applied on outcome of Gaussian filtering. SURF features set is extracted from retina ROI. Retina image template is generated which is later encrypted using RSA algorithm. The final experiment shows that genuine acceptance rate = 100% is achieved for threshold value 0.35 and False Acceptance Rate is only 1%. The scientific contribution of proposed research work is a multi-biometric system with higher accuracy (GAR is 100%), low error rate (FAR is 1%), better template protection by RSA encryption and efficient hybrid model using finger knuckle image and retina image.

Currently frequent biometric scientific research such as with biometric applications like face, iris, voice, hand-based biometrics traits like palm print and fingerprint technique are utilized for spotting out the persons. These specific biometrics habits have their own improvement and weakness so that no particular biometrics can adequately opt for all terms like the accuracy and cost of all applications. In recent times, in addition, to distinct with the hand-based biometrics technique, Finger Knuckle Print (FKP) has been appealed to boom the attention among biometric researchers. The image template pattern formation of FKP embraces the report that is suitable for spotting the uniqueness of individuality. This FKP trait observes a person based on the knuckle print and the framework in the outer finger surface. This FKP feature determines the line anatomy and finger structures which are well established and persistent throughout the life of an individual. In this paper, a novel method for personal identification will be introduced, along with that data to be stored in a secure way has also been proposed. The authentication process includes the transformation of features using 2D Log Gabor filter and Eigen value representation of Multi-Manifold Discriminant Analysis (MMDA) of FKP. Finally, these features are grouped using k-means clustering for both identification and verification process. This proposed system is initialized based on the FKP framework without a template based on the fuzzy vault. The key idea of fuzzy vault storing is utilized to safeguard the secret key in the existence of random numbers as chaff pints

Purpose Biometric identification system has become emerging research field because of its wide applications in the fields of security. This study (multimodal system) aims to find more applications than the unimodal system because of their high user acceptance value, better recognition accuracy and low-cost sensors. The biometric identification using the finger knuckle and the palmprint finds more application than other features because of its unique features. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model performs the user authentication through the extracted features from both the palmprint and the finger knuckle images. The two major processes in the proposed system are feature extraction and classification. The proposed model extracts the features from the palmprint and the finger knuckle with the proposed HE-Co-HOG model after the pre-processing. The proposed HE-Co-HOG model finds the Palmprint HE-Co-HOG vector and the finger knuckle HE-Co-HOG vector. These features from both the palmprint and the finger knuckle are combined with the optimal weight score from the fractional firefly (FFF) algorithm. The layered k-SVM classifier classifies each person's identity from the fused vector. Findings Two standard data sets with the palmprint and the finger knuckle images were used for the simulation. The simulation results were analyzed in two ways. In the first method, the bin sizes of the HE-Co-HOG vector were varied for the various training of the data set. In the second method, the performance of the proposed model was compared with the existing models for the different training size of the data set. From the simulation results, the proposed model has achieved a maximum accuracy of 0.95 and the lowest false acceptance rate and false rejection rate with a value of 0.1. Originality/value In this paper, the multimodal biometric recognition system based on the proposed HE-Co-HOG with the k-SVM and the FFF is developed. The proposed model uses the palmprint and the finger knuckle images as the biometrics. The development of the proposed HE-Co-HOG vector is done by modifying the Co-HOG with the holoentropy weights.

In the present paper, the author has attempted to examine fatigue life of automotive safety components under axial variable amplitude loading conditions. To this end, the time components of stress tensor in the critical area of the knuckle and Liu-Zenner criterion were used to calculate the time history of equivalent stress. Then, the probability distribution function (PDF) of stress was extracted by applying the stress level counting technique. The Fourier curve fitting method was employed in order to formulate the PDF. Subsequently, the fatigue life of the component was estimated using the probabilistic approach. Finally, the results of the higher order of Fourier curve fitting and different counting ranges were compared with the experimental results. Thus, the best algorithm for precisely determining fatigue life of automotive components was obtained.

A knuckle shot, resulting from non-spinning kicking, is an essential technique in soccer. The irregular flight path of the knuckle shot is caused by the aerodynamic force from the three-dimensional twin vortices generated in the wake behind the ball. However, the detailed behavior of the twin vortices and relation between the jet flow and the acting forces on the balls is still not understood. In addition, a more thorough understanding of the effect of ball panels on the formation of twin vortices and jet flow is important to develop balls with high controllability. To study the effect of the ball panel shape on the flight path, stereo three-dimensional particle image velocimetry wake flow measurements and synchronized force measurements were performed on various soccer balls. It was confirmed that the aerodynamic force on the ball is produced by the jet flow generated by the vortices in the wake flow. The directions of the force followed the changes of the jet flow, and the magnitude of the force was strongly associated with the flow rate of the jet. Moreover, the shape of the ball panels, especially the groove volume, determines the critical Reynolds number and the fluttering of the balls.

In this paper, the author has attempted to investigate the effects of different loading conditions including axial and multiaxial variable amplitude loading (VAL) on the fatigue life assessment of automotive components under various maneuvers. To this end, a case study was conducted on the cast iron steering knuckle of a passenger car. In fact, the various VAL histories are entered on the three joints of knuckle, namely steering linkage, lower control arm, and MacPherson strut. However, previous studies have shown that this high super-critical component fails through the steering linkage. Moreover, the rotation of the steering linkage is the most destructive load. Hence, in this research, different loading cases such as axial (destructive load as means 1 channel), multiaxial (only relates to loading on the joint of knuckle and steering linkage means 3 channels), and full multiaxial (including all loading time histories means 9 channels) were considered. Afterward, finite element analysis was performed for each case, and fatigue life of the component was predicted under different conditions. Next, fatigue life of the component was evaluated using the time histories of stress tensor in the root of steering linkage which is extracted by transient dynamic analysis and applying probabilistic approach based on the Liu–Zenner equivalent stress criterion. Eventually, the responses from both techniques were compared in different cases. The results reveal that life predicted using two methods are slightly different. But, the results of probabilistic approach are more accurate than the results of FEM in comparison with experimental data for the axial state. Also, one of the major achievements of this study is that for the components with complex geometry and under multi-input loading like the steering knuckle, it is essential to perform fatigue analysis by considering all real conditions and cannot be only focused to the destructive loading.

Inside the passenger cabin of modern cars, lower noise levels from quieter engines make road noise more dominant. The main transfer path for road noise below 300 Hz into the car is the suspension. Suspension layouts are mainly determined by driving dynamics, but their influence on road noise is not in focus. Layout design changes for driving dynamics in the early development phase require the modification of structural dynamics Finite Element (FE) models used to predict interior acoustics. This manual modification makes acoustical effects from layout design changes difficult to predict. In the following article, we present a method to adapt suspension FE models automatically to suspension layout changes. This allows an automatic optimization of the suspension layout regarding road noise. As an example, a rear axle suspension layout is modified to decrease road noise between 60 and 90 Hz by moving the connection point between the track rod and the knuckle.

The steering knuckle is the important safety part of commercial vehicle, the structure is more complex as the performance improved. In this paper, a kind of disc-type steering knuckle with complexity up to level S4 is studied, and a precision forging process is proposed to change the traditional horizontal open pre-forging and large flash final forging into semi-closed flat thin flash pre-forging and semi-closed flat thin flash final forging. Based on the analysis of mechanism and effect of the classical forming theory on the flat thin flash, the equivalent stress, equivalent strain and temperature distribution field as well as the force formation curve and deformation law are obtained by means of thermal-mechanical coupled finite element simulation analysis, and the correctness of the process scheme is verified. The precision forging of steering knuckle has been successfully developed on the program controlled hammer and CNC electric screw press, the results are consistent with the simulation results. The material utilization rate of the new process is 88%, which is 16% higher than that of the traditional process, with better quality and stronger bearing capacity. In recent years, the company has built four automatic production lines with CNC electric screw press as main equipment, with robot operation and online detection of hot forging, it has realized mass production of flat thin flash precision forging of A161 disc-type knuckle series product.

The coupler knuckle of railway wagon is a complex forging component with big section change. In this paper, a near-net-shape forming process for coupler knuckle based on closed-die forging without flash was proposed and the preforming operation was designed and optimized. Firstly, the shape and the dimension of the preforging were preliminarily designed based on the geometric features of forged knuckle and the flow characteristics of metal in the forging process, and then a multi-objective optimization approach based on the filling capacity, deformation homogeneity, and damage degree of forgings was established, and the response surface method combined with the finite element simulation was used to obtain the optimum geometric parameters of preforging. In order to verify the effectiveness of the near-net-shape forming process and the optimized results on preform design, forming experiments and measurements were carried out; the analyzed results show that based on the designed preforging, near-net-shape forming process is capable of producing coupler knuckle of high quality and without forming defect.

Teaching Point: Persistent metacarpophalangeal joint pain after clenched-fist trauma with an unremarkable conventional radiography justifies further examination with dynamic ultrasound for detecting extensor hood injuries. ispartof: JOURNAL OF THE BELGIAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY vol:105 issue:1 ispartof: location:England status: published

Biometric recognition is one of the effective authentication techniques which is utilized in various applications for making the individual identification process. During the verification and authentication process different biometric features such as signature, ear, iris, face, palm, finger knuckle details are used to perform this process. Due to the easy acceptance of the palm surface, fine textures and stable features characteristics are helps to choose the finger knuckle feature for biometric process in this work. First the finger biometric features are collected from PolyU finger knuckle database. After that, the noise present in the images are eliminated using weighted median filter and the knuckle region is located with the help of the variational approach. After that key point descriptors are extracted using sparse autoencoder approach. Finally, the specific features are trained using compositional networks and features matching is performed by Chebyshev distance. The matching process authenticate the user whether they are authorized person or not. At last efficiency of the system is evaluated using MATLAB based experimental results such as false acceptance rate, equal error rate and false rejection rate.