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Leadership and its development within higher education remain a black box for scholars and practitioners, as its implications are not sufficiently theorized in the literature. Building on that notion, this paper aims to offer a theoretically grounded framework to understand the constituents and transition of leadership development in an economy that aspires to be a knowledge-based economy. The work is ethnographic in nature, and its empirical findings are derived from semi-structured interviews with academic leaders and experts who help shape the policies in higher education and its impact. The paper has implications for practitioners and policymakers in trying to align the higher education sector with the overall economic objectives of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivated land use efficiency in arid regions holds critical significance in the face of mounting global challenges such as climate change and stringent carbon emission targets. This research delves into the intricate dynamics of cultivating arid lands, emphasizing the need to balance productivity with ecological sustainability. By integrating grain production and carbon emission constraints, our study unveils temporal and spatial variations in cultivated land use efficiency, shedding light on the driving factors behind these changes. Notably, the arid region of Northwest China serves as a unique case study, covering approximately 21.8% of the nation's land area. Our findings indicate distinct patterns in cultivated land use efficiency, challenging conventional trends observed in other regions. Agricultural machinery inputs emerge as a principal driving factor, highlighting the pivotal role of technology in enhancing efficiency. This research underscores the necessity of localized policies and quality protection plans tailored to the natural geographical environment. It also emphasizes the role of technological innovation and economic development in shaping the transition to modern agriculture. The study underscores the critical role of knowledge creation, dissemination, and application in optimizing cultivated land use efficiency, drawing parallels with the knowledge-based economy. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and local authorities, advocating for region-specific strategies and green agricultural technologies to achieve a balanced and sustainable approach to land use. The study serves as a foundational step toward understanding the complex relationship between farmers, land use, and ecological sustainability in the arid region of Northwest China. Future research endeavors should aim to deepen our understanding of the interplay between socio-economic, environmental, and technological factors, further advancing sustainable agricultural practices in this challenging context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lebanon faces several social, political, and economic challenges delaying the efforts to develop a sustainable economy and inclusive society. The advancement of the knowledge economy is critical to the future economic prosperity of Lebanon. This paper aims to scrutinize the state of the knowledge-based economy in Lebanon, focusing on five pillars, such as education and human capital, entrepreneurship, innovation system, economic and institutional regime, and information and communications technology (ICT), and to present recommendations for future action. The methodology is based on semi-structured face-to-face and phone interviews with stakeholders using two questionnaires. The paper finds that the process of transitioning towards a knowledge-based economy in Lebanon is influenced by two contrasting factors: the education system and the entrepreneurship culture, on the one hand, and the country's political turmoil, on the other. Indeed, moving toward a knowledge-based economy in Lebanon is supported by its highly qualified and multilingual human resources, which is an outcome of the reliable educational system and reinforced by a robust entrepreneurial spirit. However, several issues, such as weak ICT infrastructure, incompetent public institutions, and the brain drain, hinder the transition to a knowledge-based economy. These results help clarify and critically analyze the present state of the knowledge-based economy in Lebanon, which has various policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's relentless pursuit of sustainable economic development has led to a heightened focus on industries prioritizing reduced pollution and resource consumption. A notable example is the sports lottery industry, characterized by minimal environmental impact and low resource consumption. The pervasive integration of artificial intelligence (AI) further transforms this industry. This paper offers empirical insights into the role of sports lottery sales in driving China's sustained economic growth within the context of AI. Using a panel econometric model based on provincial data spanning from 2011 to 2019, this study examines the impact of sports lottery sales on economic growth, with AI as a significant supporting factor. The research explores the influence of urbanization and population aging on the intricate relationship between sports lottery sales and economic growth. The findings reveal several key insights. Sports lottery sales exhibit a substantial and positive effect on economic growth. This robust correlation highlights the industry's role as an economic catalyst, particularly with integrating AI-driven enhancements. Urbanization introduces a threshold effect into the relationship between sports lottery sales and economic growth. This nuanced effect implies that urbanization magnifies the economic impact of sports lottery sales up to a certain point. Understanding this threshold effect is crucial for maximizing the industry's contributions. Contrary to conventional wisdom, aging population dynamics do not significantly inhibit the economic growth of sports lottery sales. Instead, this influence is context-dependent, varying across regions. Context-specific factors, such as pension plans and senior citizen engagement in leisure activities, can mitigate the adverse effects, challenging stereotypes about elderly consumers. Further analyses highlight the presence of regional heterogeneity, with the economic growth effect of sports lottery sales gradually weakening from eastern to western regions of China. These regional disparities underscore the importance of tailoring strategies and policies to address unique challenges and opportunities in different geographical areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era marked by rapid digitalization and the ubiquity of information technology, society is witnessing a transformative shift toward more sophisticated and intelligent living and working environments. While this technological wave is readily embraced by the younger generation, who find convenience and utility in its offerings, a pressing global concern looms large—the ever-escalating challenge of population aging, which has reached unprecedented levels. The elderly, though esteemed, often find themselves grappling with the intricacies of adapting to an array of digital products and services, resulting in a stark consequence: digital exclusion and division, effectively sidelining China's elderly citizens in an increasingly digitized and intelligent society. Against this backdrop, the harsh spotlight cast by the COVID-19 pandemic on the elderly, seemingly relegated to the margins of society, underscores the glaring dearth of research dedicated to probing the nuances of digital exclusion among China's older adults. This study takes up the crucial mission of dissecting the multifaceted factors contributing to digital exclusion and unraveling the intricate dilemmas surrounding digital inclusion for the elderly. Employing a multifaceted research approach, including offline questionnaires and online data collection, the study harnesses statistical analysis methods to uncover the underpinnings of digital rejection among China's elderly. This analytical journey yields a treasure trove of influential factors, culminating in the creation of a comprehensive evaluation system. The study assigns appropriate weights to these influential factors and employs a random forest model to forecast the extent of digital exclusion among the elderly residing in diverse regions of Tianjin. As a culmination of this extensive investigative endeavor, the study offers a collection of recommendations and strategies aimed at alleviating the predicament of digital exclusion encountered by China's elderly population in the contemporary internet age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have chosen this theme because the knowledge-based economy is already the present, and the ICT sector is the optimal infrastructure for its development, so that knowledge, creativity and innovation, as well as intellectual capital, are accessible to all. In this context, we considered it necessary to analyze the extent to which individuals have been concerned to develop their knowledge, skills and creativity with the services of Alphabet Inc. (Google).

The article discusses the problematic linkages between higher education and the development of a knowledge-based economy in Georgia. The main challenges, as identified through qualitative and quantitative research, are caused by, on the one hand, the lack of state’s long-term strategic vision of higher education development, insufficient funding of both education and research, and instrumentalization of the higher education system for political interests. On the other hand, however, the lack of awareness among industry representatives about their own role in supporting the commercialization of research further hinders the creation of a knowledge-based economy in Georgia.

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Innovation skills are valuable in the context of knowledge-based economy and they are present in many political agendas. This article adopts the European Union's perspective of lifelong learning and the role of innovation in the Strategic Framework - Education and Training 2020, and it intends to explore innovation training in a lifelong learning programme for unemployed in Catalonia (Spain). The study analyses quantitative and qualitative data of the 281 responses from students who have studied, or they were studying in the programme, in 2016. Through the exploration of the innovation skills we identified the following groups: new tools, innovative sectors, new methodologies, new work processes and ICT skills. The study also identified two types of strategies that favour training of the innovation skills, promoted either by the expert who teaches or by the centre's work philosophy. Finally, we discuss limitations and future research in this line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through innovation and technology, there is a global movement to hasten national progress and development. The importance of fostering start-ups has risen to the top of the global agenda, and emerging nations are starting to acknowledge their crucial function as growth and development engines. It is critical to recognize and prioritize the need of building new, pertinent businesses that will create, develop, and support goods and services that suit societal demands and are important for Romania's economic development. This research study examines Romania's start-ups and innovation infrastructure to understand the entrepreneurial environment. Also, this study emphasizes the major obstacles that start-ups and entrepreneurs encounter, as well as evaluating creative technical breakthroughs to build a successful economy based on knowledge. Similarly, while intending to analyze the changes that start-ups and entrepreneurs bring to an economic, political, and social landscape, this study identifies the waves of opportunities that come with start-ups which are created for a better knowledge-based economy. Developing an ecosystem of innovation to deliver solutions to our society's needs and expectations would foster a start-up culture that is inclusive, efficient, and helpful to the entire society. In this context, we developed hypotheses and a study model based on Sem-Pls methodology, which were validated using an online questionnaire. SmartPls4 software was used to process the data, and all research hypotheses were validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the formulation of the problem of sustainable development of the intellectual economy and the use of the theory of constructivism in relation to solving the problems of institutional design of socio-economic systems. The purpose of this work is to explore the possibilities of applying the theory of constructivism to solve the problems of institutional design in the context of sustainable development of the intellectual economy. The author of the work proceeds from the need for a reasonable approach to action, which creates the basis for constructing an institutional environment, the source of which is the paradigm of self-organization of socio-economic systems, which underlies the theory and practice of radical constructivism. The study shows the links between sustainable development and the theory of institutional constructivism by identifying important goals, directions, and strategies. Based on the awareness of current global and national processes, the key issue is the transition to an innovative type of development. This transition involves important steps that involve changing the focus from traditional approaches in economics and production to strategies based on advanced technologies. This research is conducted by researchers, policymakers, and practitioners dealing with economic development, sustainability, and innovation.

Purpose: The Purpose of this study is to construct a model that identifies the components of the knowledge-based economy in order to promote its development through insights from experts.Methodology: This qualitative research employs a thematic analysis approach with a focus on professors, experts, and individuals knowledgeable about the subject. A total of 52 participants were selected using purposeful sampling and data was collected through semi-structured interviews.Findings: Initially, 1,535 codes were extracted, leading to 353 codes in the subsequent stage, and further refined to 42 secondary codes during the central coding phase. Ultimately, nine main codes were derived in the selective coding stage.Conclusion: Emphasizing the importance of a knowledge-based economy can enhance productivity, foster economic prosperity, and facilitate the creation and growth of knowledge-based enterprises. Such emphasis can also boost competitiveness, innovation, and success in global markets, ultimately leading to improved standards of living and sustainable development.Value: This research offers insight into the role of a knowledge-based economy in driving knowledge-based development within the country.

Knowledge-based economy is a concept and approach in which emphasis is placed on the creation and use of knowledge, technology and innovation in economic processes. One of the goals of this article is to investigate the impact of the components of economics based on economic well-being and improving the economic and social status of Iran’s provinces, which is estimated with a composite index approach based on the econometric method of panel data using Eaves 12 software, and to investigate the stability and dynamics of variables and also The long-term relationship between the variables is from the unit root test and the Kao test, and for the level of significance and its fixed and random effects, the Flimer and Hausman test is used, which has a 99% probability level of the test being a panel and also with a 99% level of the first model having fixed effects. In the second model, random effects were confirmed with a probability level of 99%. The results of the research show that the combined components of basic economics have a positive and significant effect on the economic well-being of Iran’s provinces, and the productivity component and the ratio of government expenditures also have a positive and significant effect on economic well-being, and the inflation component has a negative and significant effect on the economic well-being of Iran’s provinces. And in the estimation of the second model of the components of economist Basian, it shows that the combined components of education; Technology, information and innovation have a positive and significant effect on the economic well-being of Iran’s provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1- INTRODUCTION The primary goal of open data transparency is to improve government reliability and business opportunities from a political perspective by increasing government transparency and creating new employment and business opportunities from an economic perspective through greater participation and collaboration with the private sector. The next goal is to strengthen the government's competitiveness through economic innovation. As government data openness is expected to have a positive impact on national economies, governments around the world are under pressure for an open data policy. According to the regulations on the recognition of knowledge-based companies and institutions, knowledge-based companies are private or cooperative institutions that aim to increase science and wealth, economic development based on knowledge and realize scientific and economic goals in line with the expansion of invention and innovation and finally the commercialization of research and development results. (Including the design and production of goods and services) is formed in the field of superior technologies with a lot of added value (especially in the production of related software). According to the approved regulations, knowledge-based companies pursue goals such as persuading the faculty of universities and research units for more activities in meeting the needs of society and the possibility of increasing the income of faculty members, commercializing research findings, increasing the specific income of universities and research units, the general theme of knowledge-based activity. Isfahan Science and Research Town as the first organization to establish growth centers and science and technology parks in the country in the area of Azadegan highway in Khomeinishahr and next to Isfahan University of Technology, and close to industrial towns and exemplary tourism areas of Khomeinishahr including Cheshme Lader while supporting the launch and the development of knowledge-based companies and institutions has been able to take effective steps in the development of production and export of knowledge-based products and sustainable employment of university graduates. In any case, no study has been done on the transparency of government data and its effect on the competitiveness of governments. To fill the research gap, this study investigated the effect of government data transparency on the country's competitiveness with the mediating role of knowledge-based economy at the level of knowledge-based companies based in Tehran and Isfahan. This research seeks to answer the following questions: 1. How does the transparency of government data affect the formation of the knowledge- based economy of countries? 2. How does the knowledge-based level of a country affect competitiveness? 3. Can the formation of a knowledge-based economy play a mediating role in the effect of transparency of government data on the competitiveness of Iran? 2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In research studied open government data through a systematic empirical literature review. This study conducts a systematic literature review of 169 empirical studies of open government data and derives a theoretical framework of antecedents, decisions, and outcomes to understand the evidence of these data in the context of the digital economy and a theory-based research agenda to exploit the potential. Research in this framework is presented. In a research, researchers developed methodologies and applications in the knowledge-based economy by using multi-criteria decision-making analysis. The results showed that the simultaneous discussion of recent methodologies and applications using multi-criteria decision-making analysis and consideration of the challenges shaping the knowledge-based economy depends on the themes of technological forecasting and social changes. In a paper, researchers have studied the impact of globalization on peace and stability: governance concepts and knowledge economy of African countries. They stated that there is an indirect relationship between globalization and the knowledge-based economy of African countries, which affects peace and stability, and peace and stability are also affected by the knowledge-based economy of the government. The results of the research show that peace and stability of the government are more strongly influenced by globalization in commercial mode than foreign direct investment. The final result of the research indicates that foreign direct investment is not a suitable and useful mechanism for estimating and preserving African knowledge. Therefore, with the development of globalization, peace and stability will increase in African countries. In a study, under the title of the effect of openness of government data on the knowledge-based economy, they investigated the effect of open government data on the knowledge-based economy by using path analysis and factor analysis. The results of the research showed that the transparency of government data has a positive and direct effect on the formation of knowledge base in a country. Also, the knowledge-based level of a country has a positive effect on the global competitiveness of that country. In a paper, researchers conducted a systematic review on open governance data design. Researchers in research titled knowledge-based economy in the European Union, using cluster analysis on the main components of the strategy indicators for the studied countries, tried to find out the position of the 27 countries of the European Union from the perspective of the knowledge-based economy. Their study provided a basis for understanding the position of Romania among the countries of the European Union. Researchers in research entitled Redefining the knowledge-based economy-sustainable development relationship, examined various definitions and approaches related to the subject of knowledge-based economy and how to measure it, as well as various theories that have been presented in the field of sustainable development, with the use of content analysis method has been discussed. In a paper, researchers have done research called knowledge economy by using content analysis. According to them, the advancement of information and communication technologies and the importance of knowledge as a determining factor in organizational competitiveness and productivity require special requirements for the organization. (Hsu et al., 2008) have paid attention to the investigation of competitive policies for the purpose of technological innovations in the era of knowledge-based economy. The results of their study show the positive effect of competitive policies on technological innovations. In a paper, researchers also investigated the knowledge gap and the relative efficiency of the selected countries in the transition to a knowledge- based economy in an article titled "Development of Southeast Asian countries towards a knowledge-based economy" by using data envelopment analysis. In this article, the performance of selected countries is evaluated by two methods: radar chart and data coverage analysis. In a research, researchers stated that in the knowledge-based economy, information, technology and learning have been introduced as factors of growth and productivity. In fact, with the continuous application and production of knowledge as the core of the economic development process, the economy necessarily becomes a knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-based economy is an economy in which knowledge is the main key to economic growth. In this economy, knowledge is acquired, produced and disseminated and is used efficiently and effectively to increase economic development. In a paper, researchers, during a study, examine the effect of different aspects of knowledge (within the framework of knowledge-based economy) on the economic growth of 92 countries during the period of 1960-2000. In this study, using modeling, several indicators are used for each axis of the knowledge-based economy. The results showed that different aspects of knowledge had a positive effect on the economic growth of 83 during the study period. 3- METHODOLOGY In this study, five constructs were extracted from the literature related to open data and the knowledge-based economy: data openness, knowledge distribution, knowledge creation, knowledge diffusion, and competitiveness. Data transparency is defined as the transparency of government data. Absorption of knowledge is the concept of acquiring knowledge in a country. Creating knowledge means producing new knowledge in a country. Diffusion of knowledge means the distribution of knowledge of one country to other countries. Competitiveness means the competitive advantages of a country. The competitiveness index is obtained from the announced economic reports of the world. The research method in this study is based on the research orientation, applied type and based on the research strategy, survey type. Also, based on the research method, a description of the type of correlation and the statistical population of this research including specialists, senior managers and experts in the field of government data, knowledge-based economy and competitiveness from knowledge-based companies based in Tehran (90 people) and knowledge-based companies based in Science City and the research was conducted in Isfahan (100 people), which is a total of 190 people. Considering the extent of these organizations, using the stratified sampling method, after dividing the statistical population of this research into two groups, Tehran and Isfahan, the number of samples was determined in proportion to the number of experts in each organization (82 and 68 people, respectively) and then by using the random sampling method and the sampling formula from the limited population and the accuracy of 5%, the number of people is estimated to be 150. Finally, managers and experts were randomly selected. In other words, in the present research, all the managers, specialists and experts familiar with the aforementioned systems in the companies are considered as the statistical population of the research, and the designed questionnaires will be distributed and collected within 2 months. This research was cross-sectional and the situation of the problem was measured in the spring of 2017 and the summer of 2017. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire. 4- RESULTS & DISCUSSION According to the results of this paper, the value of R2 has been calculated for the endogenous structure of the level of knowledge-based economy (0.527), and the endogenous structure of competitiveness (0.468), which confirms the suitability of the fit of the structural model according to the three criterion values. According to the obtained values for Q2 of endogenous constructs, it is clear that there is a strong predictive power of the model regarding all constructs and the fit of the structural model of the research is confirmed again. Finally, after calculating all the fit criteria of the measurement models and the structural model of the research, the overall fit of the model should be calculated. As calculated in the output of the software, the value of GOF equal to 0.293 was obtained, which is a good value and indicates an almost strong fit of the structural model, as a result, the overall fit of the model is also confirmed. 5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS Considering the confirmation of the main hypothesis, we can conclude that: 1- Access to the government data line has a positive effect on the formation of the knowledge-based economy in Iran. 2- The release of sustainable data collection has a positive effect on the formation of knowledge-based economy in Iran. Comparing the output of this research with other researches, it was found that no research has been done in this regard. On the other hand, the output of this research is consistent with the previous researches. Considering the results of the research, the following policy recommendations and practical suggestions were presented: 1. Providing the necessary platforms for the dynamic and constructive interaction of our country's industries with regional and international industrial countries; 2. Providing the necessary incentives to attract foreign investment; 3. And applying outward-looking business policies, including basic and basic solutions to improve the competitiveness of our country's knowledge-based industries in global and regional markets; 4. Emphasizing on applied research and facilitating and encouraging the use of scientific findings in the process of globalization of production and trade as practical measures for the simultaneous promotion of knowledge base and development. 5. Providing favorable financial resources, including risk-taking investors, foreign investment and government budgets in order to launch knowledge-based businesses; 6. Providing appropriate infrastructure including telecommunications, information and communication technology, scientific networks; 7. Development of government policies, including business support environment, legal system, tax system and appropriate regulatory policies; 8. Rule the thinking of innovation, invention and creativity in the education system instead of reservations, to encourage the country's young forces to engage in entrepreneurial activities and start knowledge-based businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and development's role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is crucial. More specifically, to achieve a sustainable environment, the role of environment-related research and development expenditures, along with renewable energy research and development, is also important. This study focuses on the sustainable development perspective and the role of a sustainable environment via building a knowledge-based economy. A knowledge-based economy is more research and development oriented, and its role is undeniable in ensuring sustainable development. The current study focuses on the role of general research and development, environmental research and development, and cleaner energy research and development perspective for developed economies from 1989 to 2021. The study evaluated the role of research and development expenditures for the environment and cleaner energy on consumption-based carbon emissions along with political risk, income, green innovation, exports, and imports. The study used novel panel methods for econometric analysis. The study found that research and development expenditures for the environment and cleaner energy help limit carbon emissions. Moreover, reducing political risk, increasing green innovation, renewable energy consumption, and exports are also linked inversely with carbon emissions. In contrast, imports and income are deteriorating factors for consumption-based carbon emissions. The study recommends increasing research and development expenditures, encouraging green innovation, and limiting political risk for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of external shocks suggests that the underdevelopment of low-income countries is due to external shocks of various kinds: economic or political ones. This study endeavors to analyze the real causes that hindered and are hindering the Syrian economy from transitioning towards a knowledge-based economy before and during the conflict. To achieve these objectives, we apply the Documentary Research Method (DSM) and the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) to measure the causal impact of the internal and external shocks on a number of innovation and knowledge creation–related variables, and the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) to measure the toll of different shocks on the transition to knowledge economy in Syria. The results indicate that, in the long run, external shocks do not provide a comprehensive explanation of the failure in building a knowledge-based economy in Syria. On the contrary, internal shocks in general, and the shock of liberal policies, are largely responsible for Syria's failure to transition to a knowledge-based economy, and for the outbreak and development of the conflict. In light of the results, we propose a set of economic policies for the reconstruction of Syria based on a non-classical approach that orients the reconstruction process towards building a knowledge-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) rubber gradually loses its quality as it is stored after production. Rubber floor mats are recommended as a marketable upstream production in the Thailand rubber industry to help add economic value to low-graded RSS. However, limited attention in research has been paid to business development, particularly on practical models focusing on the demand perspectives. This study helped fill the knowledge gap by analysing factors influencing labour production in dairy farming and proposing a business model based on productivity analysis. The aim of the project was to create a practical business model for cattle rubber floor mats made of low-graded RSS rubber used for nourishing and housing management to promote labour productivity in dairy farming. Methodology / approach. The study used mixed-methods research. A theoretical framework was developed concerning rubber floor mats used in dairy farming, which helped improve the nourishing and housing management of dairy cattle and promote labour productivity. This research adopted Osterwalder’s business model canvas to examine the demand and supply elements of dairy cattle floor mats made of low-graded rubber. It also used the knowledge-based entrepreneurship concept to scrutinise knowledge-based business development. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data required for multiple regression analysis of labour productivity using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. It also used semi-structured interviews to scrutinise the subjective experiences of farmers. A focus group discussion was conducted to investigate academics and rubber promotional authorities concerning potential technology and the possibility of transfer of production technology to promote knowledge-based business development. Results. The empirical evidence presented in this paper confirmed that rubber floor mats could help enhance cattle nourishment, dairy housing management and labour productivity. Regional knowledge transfer network was revealed as a driver of knowledge-based development for assisting local upstream rubber farmers in pursuing eco-innovation in rubber production, aligning with the national initiatives of Industry 4.0 and Bio-Circular-Green economy (BCG) concepts. Originality / scientific novelty. The originality of this paper is that it presents the results of an empirical study using mixed methods for the first time aiming at clarifying practical elements of the supply and demand sides’ components of the Osterwalder`s Business Model Canvas for developing a business model delivered as a knowledge-based business model for the production of dairy cattle floor mats made of low-graded RSS rubber to help guide practical downstream rubber business development. The qualitative results, together with the quantitative analysis of labour productivity, are based on the perceptions of local farmers in Thailand regarding the use of rubber floor mats on the farm; previous studies scientifically prove its positive relation to an increase in dairy cattle nourishing, hence the daily productivity. Practical value / implications. The novel business model canvas could promote the practical cattle floor mats business development. University engagement and public support were included as the critical drivers in this knowledge-based business model. The model implementation could help encourage rubber farmers and smallholders in upstream rubber production to move towards downstream business development and become knowledge-based entrepreneurs in value-added rubber floor mats production. It could also guide the agricultural policymakers to benchmark and evaluate their policy targeting innovative knowledge-based business development for rubber extension.

Purpose: This research aimed to identify some of the existing financial frictions in the Iran's digital economy. In particular, based on cases taken from digital and knowledge-based companies, it empirically investigated the importance of the role of base volume in the liquidity of those companies' stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: To evaluate the empirical implications of applying the base volume in daily stock market practice, retrospectively a quantitative estimate of the base volume was implied by the economic model within the rules imposed by the market regulator via MATLAB software programming. Then, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the effects of the estimated base volume, percentage of free-floating share, securities turnover, and the ratio of transaction volume to base volume on Amihud index were econometrically studied for the selected companies during the period 2015-2020.Findings: The findings indicate that the applying base volume on the selected digital and knowledge-based companies has had a negative effect on the calculation of the final price and on the liquidity of studied knowledge-based companies. Also, the results of using the machine learning method (decision tree) showed a importance coefficient of 32.6% for the base volume on the Amihud index of the selected companies.Conclusion: Our results suggest that base volume as an idiosyncratic financial friction induced by Iranian stock market regulator has aggravated the illiquidity of studied digital and knowledge-based companies and thereby could have raised the financing costs for those companies. This would ultimately impede those companies’ growth prospect.

Although concepts such as research without borders have become more commonplace in recent decades, few studies have investigated the capabilities that global researchers require to cross both cultural and disciplinary borders. This paper explores global capabilities along with strategies and spaces that may facilitate academic researchers' acquisition and development of global research competence. The study's dataset comprises responses of 26 participants across 15 countries – all of whom are members of a specific comparative education society – who contributed their views via e-questionnaire. Findings indicate that research capacity building is a dynamic process and global competence calls for complex skills and conscious attitudes. Commitment to expand scientific curiosity beyond one's own culture and academic discipline appears to be a main criterion in achieving global competence. Results of this study are not meant to be prescriptive but rather exploratory and informative for a broad group of academic stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have chosen this theme because the knowledge-based economy is already the present, and the ICT sector is the optimal infrastructure for its development, so that knowledge, creativity and innovation, as well as intellectual capital, are accessible to all. In this context, we considered it necessary to analyze the extent to which individuals have been concerned to develop their knowledge, skills and creativity with the services of Alphabet Inc. (Google). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do large firms support or suppress regional entrepreneurship? Comparing Ottawa and Waterloo, two entrepreneurial ecosystems dominated by large, flagship firms, Nortel and Research in Motion (RIM), we demonstrate how an anchor firm's relationship to the entrepreneurial community shapes entrepreneurial activity. In Ottawa, an engaged anchor delivered the public goods to overcome the negative externalities associated with large firm growth. In the long run, however, this vibrant, startup scene proved surprisingly vulnerable to Nortel's decline. In Waterloo, in contrast, new firm formation plummeted under a detached anchor. RIM's isolation, however, enabled Waterloo to construct the independent, entrepreneurial infrastructure it needed to capitalize on its collapse. Illuminating the mechanisms behind 'entrepreneurial recycling', or the reallocation of labor from declining anchor firms, we argue that regions confront a strategic dilemma in how they engage large firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic complexity is one of the criteria for measuring the knowledgebased economy of a country. Several studies have shown that improving the economic complexity index leads to sustainable economic growth and improved welfare. Therefore, policy makers tend to place the development and progress of the country in the path of knowledge-based economy and production of complex products. But the channel of influence of complexity on the economy of a country is questionable. Identifying this channel can lead to the focus of development policies. The hypothesis investigated in this research is the effectiveness of economic complexity on the field of factory activities. In the literature review, it was found that the relationship between these two variables is not predetermined. To test the hypothesis, a statistical sample including 46 countries has been selected for a period of 31 years ending in 2020. The PMG model has been used for data processing. The result of the estimation of the model shows that the increase in the added value of factory industries is one of the consequences of the improvement of economic complexity. This finding can help to set development policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Startup entrepreneurship, understood as innovative venture creation and development, has gained a strong momentum under current capitalism, and startup cultures are being developed all over the globe. In this article, I examine startup culture as a global form and investigate the relationship between Silicon Valley – often seen as the cradle of current technology and startup entrepreneurship – and local manifestations of startup culture. I argue that Silicon Valley is an ambivalent, emblematic schema for the global construction of startup cultures. Therefore, I draw attention to the shared features of startup cultures by conceptualizing the notion in a threefold manner. Firstly, I conceive startup culture as a form of governance, which I dub startup entrepreneurialism. Secondly, I discuss startup culture as the cultural circuit of digital capitalism. Thirdly, I explore startup culture as a distinct form of economic activity that is characterized by a symbiosis between venture capital and growth companies. Drawing together, I find that startup cultures are best understood as an instantiation of a privileged form of contemporary capitalist production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the intellectual potential economic essence as an object of the enterprise’s innovative management in the of the knowledge-based economy formation. We studied the conditions that limit the development of economic system subjects intellectual potential. We note that in the context of substantiating the enterprise’s intellectual potential, we focuse attention on two aspects at the same time: the set of knowledge holders – people who are oriented towards cognitive and transformative activity, and the set of knowledge presented in material and technical forms. The study carries out periodization of scientific ideas development regarding intellectual potential. We substantiate modern approaches to the enterprise’s intellectual potential concept definition and highlight a number of differences that complicate the development of practical recommendations in the context of increasing the business entities competitive advantages in relation to other market participants.The study establishes a conceptual boundary regarding the categories of intellectual resources, intellectual capital, intellectual property and intellectual activity at the microeconomic level. We expand the classification of socio-economic factors that affect the modern enterprises intellectual potential reproduction and carry out the personal intellectual potential structuring in the context of human activity based on the enterprises’ innovative activity realities. We prove that each personal intellectual potential element is a set of possibilities, as a result of their interaction, a synergistic effect achievement. The inner nature of the intellectual potential reveales through the functions it performs. The study characterises intellectual potential levels in the context of the relationship with institutional and organizational structures and determines the main means influencing its formation and development. We developed a comprehensive methodological approach to the study of intellectual potential essence, taking into account the knowledge-based economy specifics.

The socioeconomic development of society goes hand in hand with accumulation and enhancement of human capital, yet many of the issues concerning its assessment are still subject to research. At present, human capital is estimated with the help of abstract models that indirectly assess its possessors based on statistical and actual measurements. Such models are applicable at macro level and to a certain extent at meso level, though cannot be used at microlevel. By contrast, factual models assess directly the possessors of human capital and allow for individual economic, physiological, sociological, psychological indicators. The research aims to identify the prerequisites for designing and create a factual model for human capital assessment. Methodologically, the study rests on the human capital theory and labour economics. To examine the World Bank’s statistics, the study applied a set of general scientific methods: comparative analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, modelling, the mathematical method. The paper proposes a factual assessment model that allows digitizing the value of human capital, both general and special, based on a set of 56 indicators and sub-measurements. Its distinctive feature is a comprehensive consideration of all components of human capital: physiological, cognitive, social and emotional. The model puts emphasis on the measurement of social and emotional component with the use of a social psychological test and a comparative index of achievements and penalties received by an employee at a previous job. The results of applying the proposed model are consistent with the estimates obtained within the framework of generally accepted cost measurements, and can be used at the micro level both by individual businesses and households.

This comprehensive meta-analysis studies the impact of aligning central bank digital currency (CBDC) choices with Algeria's 2022 Action Plan on the country's transition to a knowledge-based economy. It studies seven different CBDC adoption scenarios and their alignment with the objectives of economic diversification, governance improvement, social development and environmental sustainability. The results highlight the importance of choosing the right CBDC characteristics, such as centralisation, technology platform, access and distribution, to meet Algeria's unique development goals. The findings underscore the critical role of CBDCs in Algeria's transition to a knowledge-based economy, and highlight the importance of careful planning and informed decision-making when adopting CBDCs.

Knowledge-based economy is an economic model students need to be prepared for a future economic model that uses knowledge as its main resource. Therefore, this study developed and validated instruments for constructing knowledge-based economy readiness among undergraduate students. This study used an online questionnaire with 120 respondents of economic education students in educational universities in East Java, Indonesia, for exploratory factor analysis and 417 respondents for confirmatory factor analysis. Then, statistical analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. This study first developed five factors of knowledge of economics, readiness for economic challenges, readiness for education, readiness for infrastructure, and readiness for innovation, consisting of 27 items. However, one item was removed because the loading factor was below .50. Consequently, 26 items were retained because the loading factor was significantly greater than .50. The Cronbach's alpha value for each item of the knowledge-based economy readiness construct was >.60 and met all goodness of fit index criteria, which means that it meets the requirements and can measure the construct of knowledge-based economy readiness. Since this study meets the validity and reliability requirements of the constructs leading to knowledge-based economy readiness, these results will help students prepare for the current and future knowledge-based economy. They can be used in developing economic education curricula in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how the developmental ambitions of governments to attract university offshore campuses to Doha, Dubai and Ras al‐Khaimah and these universities' internationalization strategies affect the three cities' positionalities. It links interdisciplinary literature on globally uneven geographies of higher education to geographical debates on the intermediating role of cities in regional and global economies. The paper conceptualizes the three cities as a triadic ensemble of gateways for transnational higher education (TNE), thereby contributing to further theorization of gateway cities. The paper shows that the three cities fulfil two crucial gateway functions. First, they connect internationalizing universities with particular student segments from their regional hinterlands seeking access to TNE. Second, they thereby amplify and disperse hegemonic regimes of the globalising knowledge‐based economy in their regional hinterlands. While all three cities share similar functions and rationales, they also have distinct positionalities rooted in different strategies of the respective governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education of Economists & Managers / Edukacja Ekonomistow i Menedzerow is the property of Warsaw School of Economics, Department of Human Capital Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education of Economists & Managers / Edukacja Ekonomistow i Menedzerow is the property of Warsaw School of Economics, Department of Human Capital Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify trade patterns between Poland and China in the context of the theory of comparative advantage and the knowledge-based economy. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The central question was to answer whether Poland has strengthened its competitive advantage in any product categories through recorded increases in normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA), using the modified indicator version. The approach of the above analysis enabled the conducted research to assess whether Poland's trade with China, especially those in the field of high-technology, were carried out in accordance with the theory of comparative advantage, during the analyzed decade (2013-2022). THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: In the first stage, a review of the literature on foreign trade was carried out. This was important as it sheds light on the issues of comparative advantage, with a particular emphasis on its links with the knowledge-based economy. Then, the main characteristics of Polish-Chinese trade were analysed and presented together with their results in order to identify areas of comparative advantages using the NRCA index. RESEARCH RESULTS: Poland-China trade reveals gradual change and this is evidenced by changes in the NRCA index, which is in line with changes in the export structure of both countries. However, in the case of Poland, the nature and direction of these advantages is - although slowly changing - towards those appropriate for more knowledge-based economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge-based supply chains (KBSC) focus on cutting-edge technologies of industry 4.0 and are highly focused on knowledge and human-centric skills. On this account, their prominent role in the context of knowledge economies is undoubtedly confirmed. On the other hand, many scholars and activists have considered the sustainability triple bottom line (TBL) theory as the fundamental pillar of development, including the economy, environment, and society. As a result, the main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the role of sustainable supply chain drivers (SSCDs) in achieving a knowledge-based economy. To this aim, after extraction of the main features of the knowledge-based economy (KBE) and sustainable supply chain drivers from relevant literature, a new method based on an efficient mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to relax the computational complexity of the classical QUALIFLEX (QUALItative FLEXible multiple criteria method) in dealing with the problem with more alternatives. The results presented that among identified features of KBE, the literacy rate, life-long training, learning, and technical publications per capita are essential features. Furthermore, long-term orientation, globalization process, and professional associations are the most crucial supply chain sustainability drivers. These findings can empower organizations to prepare for moving toward sustainability in a knowledge-based economy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive meta-analysis studies the impact of aligning central bank digital currency (CBDC) choices with Algeria's 2022 Action Plan on the country's transition to a knowledge-based economy. It studies seven different CBDC adoption scenarios and their alignment with the objectives of economic diversification, governance improvement, social development and environmental sustainability. The results highlight the importance of choosing the right CBDC characteristics, such as centralisation, technology platform, access and distribution, to meet Algeria's unique development goals. The findings underscore the critical role of CBDCs in Algeria's transition to a knowledge-based economy, and highlight the importance of careful planning and informed decision-making when adopting CBDCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the flows, interactions and connections beyond the local level as a desirable option in the ecosystem of economic development of local communities with a knowledge-based approach has been considered by international researchers, having said that the analysis and integration of the traits of connections and flows of individuals, Goods, information, technologies and innovations under transposal relations can transform the development of knowledge-based economy. In the current research, in addition to the library review of laws and upstream documents, related domestic and foreign texts, in a qualitative manner and using the Delphi technique, semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 14 experts in this field who were selected in a purposeful manner. It was carried out and the data was analyzed with Micmac software to explain the place of conventional flows of Trans local relations in the development policies of the country's knowledge-based economy in the context of the framework of multiple flows of Kingdom and how to link between structure and action in this ecosystem, as the Social context or environment in which the activists of this field operate, should be analyzed. The application of the concept of Trans local relations and structural rearrangement in accordance with it as a new approach in the development policies of the knowledge-based economy to achieve a holistic view in the direction of updating networking policies in the development of technologies and innovations, especially in local communities in the future next to others recommendations are Among the Suggestions of This Study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

President Jokowi made a shocking decision in his second term by pointing to Nadiem Makarim as Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. Not long after his appointment, Nadiem Makarim released Merdeka Belajar and Peta Jalan Pendidikan Indonesia 2020-2035, which is significant to Indonesia’s education context. Those two stipulations alone indicate exponential change within education governance in Indonesia. Various notable scholars later argue that Nadiem Makarim’s policy is intriguing and essential, emphasizing their support for Merdeka Belajar and Peta Jalan Pendidikan Indonesia 2020-2035. A glance at scientific articles published right after enacting these two policies shows that many, if not most, researchers agree thoroughly with Nadiem Makarim. In contrast with the previous undertaking, this study uses critical explanations to expose and unearth the interest lurking beneath the so-called neutral policy agenda. To support the aim of this research, a critical policy study paradigm will be used along with the critical discourse analysis of Norman Fairclough. There are two significant findings from an in-depth search of the study of the text production process, text analysis, and interpretation of discourse and social practices of education policy during the Jokowi era. First, in the eye of Jokowi’s administration, education is part of the development business. Education, in short, is seen as a proper tool (a) to adapt to the current condition of the knowledge-based economy and to cultivate human resources and (b) to build a young generation (Profil Pelajar Pancasila) who can thrive in the changing world without losing its grip on Pancasila as the main symbol of Indonesia. Second, Jokowi’s education discourses and social practices are spurred by the urgent need to reskill, upskill, and enhance the employability of both workers and future workers. These two propositions are corroborated by the production of texts that are thick with institutional interests in the form of increasing human capital for Indonesia's Vision 2045, text analysis that shows the dominance of representation of human resource development interests in various policy documents in Indonesia, and interpretation of discourse that hints at the existence of link and match hegemony in human resource development projects as well as efforts to align cognitive and ethical aspects through the P5 program. Pendidikan di Dalam Agenda Pembangunan Indonesia Pada periode kedua pemerintahannya, Presiden Jokowi melakukan gebrakan dalam dunia pendidikan dengan menunjuk Nadiem Makarim sebagai Mendikbudristek. Tak lama berselang, Nadiem Makarim meresmikan kebijakan Merdeka Belajar serta merintis Peta Jalan Pendidikan Indonesia 2020-2035 yang sangat signifikan bagi lanskap pendidikan di Indonesia. Dua momen tersebut menandakan sebuah perubahan seismik dalam tata kelola pendidikan di Indonesia. Menanggapi terobosan itu banyak pihak menyatakan dukungannya. Artikel ilmiah yang terbit setelah Merdeka Belajar diresmikan lebih banyak berpihak pada upaya pemerintah. Berlawanan dengan tren tersebut, kajian ini mencoba menghadirkan pembahasan kritis mengenai kebijakan pendidikan di masa Jokowi—khususnya pada periode kedua pemerintahannya. Untuk mendukung tujuannya, penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma studi kebijakan kritis yang dikombinasikan dengan metodologi analisis wacana kritis milik Norman Fairclough. Dari penelusuran mendalam tentang studi terhadap proses produksi teks, analisis teks, dan interpretasi wacana serta praktik sosial kebijakan pendidikan pada masa Jokowi, terdapat dua temuan penting. Pertama, dalam agenda pembangunan Indonesia, pendidikan diposisikan sebagai (a) alat untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan ekonomi berbasis pengetahuan dan menciptakan sumber daya manusia unggul (b) serta membangun Profil Pelajar Pancasila yang atentif terhadap perkembangan zaman dan peduli pada pelestarian identitas khas bangsa Indonesia. Kedua, diskursus dan praktik sosial pendidikan tersebut digulirkan agar pekerja dan calon pekerja dapat beradaptasi dengan profil keterampilan baru. Dua proposisi tersebut dibuktikan oleh produksi teks yang kental dengan kepentingan institusional berupa peningkatan sumber daya manusia unggul untuk Visi Indonesia 2045, analisis teks yang menunjukkan dominasi representasi kepentingan pembangunan sumber daya manusia dalam berbagai dokumen kebijakan di Indonesia, dan interpretasi wacana yang mengisyaratkan eksistensi hegemoni link and match dalam proyek pembangunan sumber daya manusia serta upaya penyelarasan aspek kognitif dan budi pekerti lewat program P5.

This paper analyzes the level of knowledge-based economy (KBE) in terms of sustainable development across the provinces (voivodships) of Poland in 2020. The underlying assumption of this study is that knowledge and skills are one of the fundamental preconditions for successfully implementing the concept of sustainable development.

Unlike past industrial eras, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (industry 4.0) is accelerated and continues to gain momentum. While developed economies are making remarkable progress and contributing geometrically to the global value chain, African emerging economies have continued to grapple with multiple uncertainties regarding industry 4.0 implementation at all levels. The main objective of this study is to develop a macro-level framework for developing industry 4.0 initiatives in emerging economies of Africa. Using a systematic literature review protocol, industrial transformation initiatives from 22 of 25 leading economies were analyzed based on 12 thematic indicators. The result shows that industry 4.0 in leading economies is built on named strategic initiatives with clearly defined objectives, policy thrusts, funding models, and multi-stakeholder involvement and implementation plans. This implies that the industry 4.0 agenda in emerging economies requires bespoke industrial transformation initiatives driven by robust policy, industry, and research integration. This paper makes theoretical and practical contributions by putting forward a macro-level innovation adoption model – the 'coopetitive triple helix model' and a national framework for developing industrial transformation initiatives for African emerging economies, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Analyze the concept and function of regional proximities in its various dimensions, as well as its link with Regional Cross-Border Innovation Systems to promote development in the current knowledge-based economy. Methodology: Systematic review carried out on platforms such as Springer, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. The following were used as key concepts in both Spanish and English: "proximity", "regional development", "SRIT" and "knowledge economy". The initial selection was based on the evaluation of titles, summaries and results, prioritizing cutting-edge articles. Next, more detailed critical readings were performed to select relevant data. Results: Non-spatial forms of regional proximity play a fundamental role in driving collaboration and innovation. Although it is an understudied field, the relationship between a knowledge-based economy and SRIT is essential to enhance the capacity of regions to compete globally. Limitations: A unified way of addressing regional proximities has not been found, which is why the importance of identifying and taking advantage of the most relevant proximities for each context is highlighted. Conclusions: Although geographical proximity is important, other forms such as social, cognitive and organizational are crucial for regional innovation, which is why the need to consider various forms of proximity and collaboration to promote innovation and development in both environments is emphasized. cross-border as well as local. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]