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There are increasing calls to incorporate indigenous knowledge (IK) into climate adaptation planning (CAP) and related projects. However, given unique attributes of IK and the positionality of tribal communities to scientific research, several considerations are important to ensure CAP efforts with IK are ethical and effective. While such topics have been thoroughly explored conceptually, incorporation of IK into CAP is a nascent field only beginning to report findings and improve science production and delivery. Based on recent work with Ute Mountain Ute (UMU) resource managers and knowledge holders, we reflect on key considerations for incorporating IK into CAP: the importance of sustained and multi-level tribal engagement, operational approaches to IK incorporation, cross-cultural challenges with risk-based approaches, and how CAP can support existing tribal priorities. We hope exploring these considerations can help set appropriate expectations, promote ethical interactions, and increase the effectiveness of tribal CAP and related efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are increasing calls to incorporate indigenous knowledge (IK) into climate adaptation planning (CAP) and related projects. However, given unique attributes of IK and the positionality of tribal communities to scientific research, several considerations are important to ensure CAP efforts with IK are ethical and effective. While such topics have been thoroughly explored conceptually, incorporation of IK into CAP is a nascent field only beginning to report findings and improve science production and delivery. Based on recent work with Ute Mountain Ute (UMU) resource managers and knowledge holders, we reflect on key considerations for incorporating IK into CAP: the importance of sustained and multi-level tribal engagement, operational approaches to IK incorporation, cross-cultural challenges with risk-based approaches, and how CAP can support existing tribal priorities. We hope exploring these considerations can help set appropriate expectations, promote ethical interactions, and increase the effectiveness of tribal CAP and related efforts.

This article focuses on how Mexico’s brewers, backed by a collaboration of U.S. and Mexican agronomists and officials who together developed the foundations of the Green Revolution, facilitated the centralization of decision-making over new technologies of production in the malt barley industry in the mid-twentieth century. Brewers developed and enforced an extensive contract farming system dominated by a single company that gave them substantial control over the dissemination of new knowledge about seed varieties, but which created an opportunity for profit-seeking intermediaries to assume a primary role in mediating the transfer of these new technologies to small farmers. In doing so, they enabled the consolidation of a brewing triopoly that, while poised for global expansion by the 1980s, contributed to higher levels of rural inequality as it deployed Green Revolution technologies to serve large industry growth. This article therefore examines a key, though often underexplored dimension of the Green Revolution, in particular how urban industry captured new technologies aimed at ending food insecurity to serve mid-century industrialism.

“Educational Technology” is a complete and indivisible whole formed by the fusion two elements of education and technology. This expansive field encompasses research and practical applications aimed at addressing educational and instructional problems through technology. The conventional practice of relying on a singular definition to elucidate educational technology has resulted in confusion and operational challenges. This article introduces the concept of a definition group of educational technology, delves into the discipline’s research objects, research purpose and tasks, research domain and scope, disciplinary foundation, research methods, visual representation of the disciplinary structure, and the logical starting point and positioning, and establishes distinct theory and knowledge systems for educational technology discipline in China, offering a comprehensive interpretation of the discipline’s connotations and extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional knowledge has garnered enough debate in the domain of intellectual property. The protection of traditional knowledge has become an argument. Traditional knowledge has been knocking at the boundaries of intellectual property for a long time. Irrespective of the legality or illegality of the activity, the situation attracts traditional knowledge. Traditional knowledge seems to be very simple in the first instance, but it is not so. The author argues that it is a multifaceted concept and has always had an independent existence, even before its introduction into intellectual property. Legal text and the definition of traditional knowledge are being debated in the World Intellectual Property Organisation, and it seems that this term is difficult to define. The definition should be left open, allowing respective nations to go for a definition suiting their national interests. This would also allow parties to achieve a minimum consensus and explore the horizons of traditional knowledge. Even today, many people rely on traditional knowledge. A balance between technology and traditional knowledge, in the sense that technology is applied over traditional knowledge to sustain a viable economic ecology to contain and protect traditional knowledge, is becoming a requirement. This may be called 'Traditionolgy'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the knowledge system in Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in Medical Construction Projects (MCPs). Specifically, it proposes knowledge graph analysis utilizing scient metric techniques and employs VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to analyze the consequence of relevant statistics from the literature concerning BIM medical construction projects (BIM-MCPs). In order to analyze the collaboration network, the analysis of the co-occurrence network, and the analysis of the co-citation network, 83 journal articles were gathered. The results obtained from the research indicate that (a) the intellectual framework of BIM-MCPs can be categorized into four distinct clusters. (b) The research focus in BIM-MCPs has evolved, including model development, frameworks, implementation, system integration, application throughout the entire lifecycle, emergency medical engineering project applications, and intelligent management of medical facilities and smart buildings. (c) Prospective directions for research are delineated in three distinct areas: enhancement of use for BIM Medical Facility Management (BIM-MFM), integration of BIM technology in sustainability assessment, and application of BIM technology in emergency medical engineering and smart medical construction.

Copyright of Leviathan: Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft (Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Terminology is the property of China Terminology Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present, the concepts related to 6G have not been unified, and there is an urgent need for consistent cognition and definition.Academics and industries lack a clear understanding of the overall development of 6G and the research progress in related fields.Therefore, the 6G knowledge base and knowledge system was constructed.Firstly, the existing 6G academic documents were automatically screened and stored in a structured way.Secondly, a 6G knowledge base was constructed on the basis of labeling and standardizing text data.In addition, a comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted across all domains of 6G based on the knowledge base and the technologies such as natural language processing, deep neural network and latent tree model were used to realize the extraction and generation of 6G knowledge.Finally, on the basis of large-scale model training, the on-demand knowledge application was realized for diversified service requirements.

Mathematical literacy and ethnomathematics are the two main approaches to understanding mathematics in everyday life. Research on the two aspects should be conducted in an integrated manner. It is expected to be a reference for the development of urban mathematics education based on the social requirements of mathematics and individuals' mathematical competence in a cultural group. The primary goal of this research is to describe the Sundanese people's mathematical literacy through an ethnomathematical perspective. The research is focused on living equipment systems and technology, which is one of the elements of the seven universal culture elements. The study employed phenomenographic and ethnomethodological approaches with a realist ethnographic design. Participant observations and interviews were chosen as data collection techniques, while content analysis, triangulation, and identification of patterns were chosen as data analysis techniques. Ethnomathematics in living equipment systems and technology consists of counting, measuring, explaining, discovering, designing, and explaining activities. The results show that the ethnomathematics of the Sundanese community are relevant to the aspects of mathematical literacy consisting of content, context, and mathematical processes. The study's results emphasize that mathematical literacy and ethnomathematics cannot be separated from daily life.

With the intensification of global interactions, domestic scholars have progressively recognized the imperative to rejuvenate traditional Chinese archery, embarking on dedicated research endeavours. However, the multifaceted nature of archery, encompassing elements of sport, skill, and weaponry, introduces considerable uncertainties regarding its prospective developmental trajectories. Bibliometric analysis has emerged as a novel methodological approach and scholarly focal point for addressing these uncertainties. This study sought to employ a quantitative methodology to assess the corpus of Chinese traditional archery literature, employing CiteSpace for bibliometric analysis to construct a systematic knowledge map of Chinese traditional archery research. Through a comprehensive review of pertinent literature in the realm of traditional Chinese archery, the aim was to discern the future trajectory of research in this domain, with a view to safeguarding and perpetuating traditional archery within contemporary society while preserving China's cultural heritage. The findings revealed a pivotal emphasis on investigating the educational value of traditional archery in China. Furthermore, discernible research trends indicated a growing interest in elucidating the positive effects of traditional archery on physical health and mental well-being. Additionally, research forefronts included the preservation and advancement of traditional archery skills, the application of cutting-edge technology to augment athletes' competitive prowess, and the integration of traditional archery into interdisciplinary university curricula. Subsequent research endeavours should prioritize delving into the educational significance of traditional archery and harnessing advanced technology to enhance athletes' competitive capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soochow University Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition is the property of Soochow University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Safety is one of the most important issues in aviation. Aviation regulations provide significant information pertinent to the safety design and operation of aircraft; however, this information has not been effectively used. It is difficult to precisely identify and obtain the necessary information due to massive and unstructured provisions. In this study, a hybrid methodology is proposed to realize knowledge system construction using Chinese Civil Aviation Regulations as the object of study. To realize structured knowledge organization and intelligent knowledge application for aviation regulations, the hybrid methodology integrates a semantic cohesion model, a knowledge recognition model, a knowledge organization model, and a knowledge application model. A knowledge system of aviation regulations is built using the hybrid methodology comprising all knowledge necessary for aviation safety. The system provides intelligent knowledge support for the safety analysis of aircraft from the perspective of control system, including the accurate positioning of control elements and thorough acquisition of control conditions. Experiments were conducted to confirm the accuracy of the proposed method, and the 56,853 knowledge triples contained in the knowledge system supported its reliability. A few examples of knowledge retrieval are provided, focusing on the interaction processes of socio-technical elements during aircraft missions. It takes only a few seconds to acquire the knowledge required for safety analysis. The examples show how the hybrid methodology and knowledge system can be utilized to increase the efficiency of safety analysis for socio-technical systems while advancing intelligent knowledge applications in the aviation domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three official compilations of Buddhist encyclopedias were undertaken in China between the 1950s and 2000s. A sociological examination of these compilations reveals notable characteristics of the Buddhist knowledge system. Firstly, the production of knowledge manifests distinct regional attributes; it is not a process of standardization or objectification, but reflects local idiosyncrasies determined by its place of origination. Secondly, the majority of modern encyclopedia compilations are integral to the construction of national knowledge systems; hence, a nation's ideological tendencies profoundly influence the articulation of knowledge. Lastly, knowledge is transferred through two mediums: texts and people. Given the immutability of classical knowledge and the consistency of knowledge producers during this period, the results of the three compilations exhibit numerous commonalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues that the construction sector currently faces with regard to productivity and efficiency are well acknowledged. In the construction industry, there is plenty of space for efficiency to improve, with an increasing number of new tools and methods coming out. One of the solutions to increase efficiency is the application of modern methods of construction. The modern methods of construction, especially dry construction techniques, are developing so that there is a larger volume of high-quality production with a shorter time for procurement. Not only in the construction of skeletons but also in the finishing works, it is a huge advantage if there are implemented techniques that eliminate traditional wet construction works and thus shorten the construction time. On the other hand, however, the question of efficiency in relation to their costs is raised. Based on theoretical and empirical research, the aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of modern dry construction systems and solutions for finishing works, especially in relation to the construction time and construction cost. For this purpose, an expert knowledge system, named the complex COMBINATOR, was developed. Through a set of simulations with the help of the COMBINATOR, the effects of different combinations of dry construction systems and techniques (DCSTs) and traditional wet construction systems and techniques (WCSTs) on the time and cost of finishing construction works were measured. Based on the results of simulations carried out through the complex COMBINATOR with an inference engine that enabled these simulations, the potential of dry construction techniques for the implementation of finishing works in the construction of residential buildings was demonstrated. Without simulating the effects of the individual technological models for finishing construction works in relation to two of the most important parameters of construction projects, namely time and cost, it would not be possible to obtain the resulting parameters for different combinations of DCSTs and WCSTs from the study presented. Therein lies the huge importance of the presented knowledge system for deciding on the benefits of DCSTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing the knowledge system of music education in colleges and universities based on knowledge mapping can not only provide teachers and students with a quick way to retrieve knowledge but also structure all kinds of knowledge elements, which can help teachers and students systematically master the content of music subjects. This paper constructs and designs a music education knowledge system based on knowledge mapping and verifies the effectiveness of the music education knowledge system constructed in this paper through the analysis of the centrality of knowledge points and the analysis of student’s satisfaction with the education knowledge system. In the knowledge point centrality analysis, the learning path generated in this paper is v1-v4-v3-v10-v13-v14-v15-v16-v21-v22, and after using the knowledge graph proposed in this paper for learning, the learners are able to learn more knowledge with faster efficiency.

IntroductionThe fundamental problem that has always been paid attention to in the history of thought is that 1- What is the relationship between subject and object? 2- How can we pass from subject to object and know the internal structure of the objective world? The answer to this epistemological problem in the modern period caused extensive changes in the system of thought, and out of it came rationalism, empiricism, and idealism. To explain the mentioned ratio, some like the materialists put the principle as a material object and consider everything, especially the knowledge system, to be explainable based on it. On the other hand, subjective idealism puts the subject first instead of emphasizing the object and bases the explanation of the empirical world on the concept in Kant and rational intuition in Fichte. In both of them, the knowledge system was based on a hard ground that made knowledge as a whole possible by transcending the knowledge system itself. But Hegel took on a completely different role in the Phenomenology of Spirit. 1. by considering the concept as fundamental in the knowledge system, 2. giving it an ontological aspect due to its connection with the object-in-itself, 3. making it fluid from the stage of abstract substance to the stage of the actual subject, he introduced the concept as the absolute with its movement from the potential stage to the actual stage, it determines the subject and the object and harmonizes existence and thought as a system and a dialectical whole. With this work, Hegel was able to rule out elitism in the system of science, and by knowing the concept and its connection with the absolute as fundamental, he reconciled the absolute knowledge with the conventional view and revealed it to everyone. In this article, the author tries to present a concrete interpretation of the system of knowledge in Hegel's thought by focusing on the "concept" according to the preface of the phenomenology of the soul. For this purpose, the author deals with the position of the concept and the explanation of its structure in the phenomenology of the soul under the following nine titles: the position of the concept in the phenomenology of the soul; prior concepts and the beginning of the phenomenology of the soul from essence as nothing; Hegel's critical stance towards instrumentalization of consciousness; the concept and passing from the phenomenal field to the realm of the object in itself; the concept in motion, the ontological foundation of the world; Hegel and the two-way reflection of thought and existence; experience and its extension to the object itself; Hegel's criticism of elitism in the knowledge system through the negation of rational intuition; Hegel's system of knowledge is the only way for subjective idealism to escape from skepticism.ConclusionIn short, Hegel is trying to define existence and knowledge as a system through a concrete understanding of the concept and its historical and existential development and make thought and existence compatible with each other. In order to turn the knowledge system into something concrete, Hegel changes the foundation of science from fixed transcendental matters to a mediated and negative concept by negating prior concepts and intellectual intuition. In this view, instead of starting from prior and fixed things, which is the condition of knowledge of the concept of the world, science starts from a concept that is considered empty and abstract in the first stage. In this way, knowledge does not start from a definite and actual matter, but from a concept whose only determination is the power and ability to become absolute. According to Hegel, it is this concept that, through its inner negation, dismantles each particle of its former world after another particle and silently matures in a new form. With this statement, Hegel negates any first fixed point that is outside the movement of the concept and conceptual knowledge is based on it, and in this way, everything is determined and known within the concept in motion. This is where Hegel finds the ability to eliminate any dark spots in the history of consciousness and by clarifying the absolute for everyone, destroys the foundation of elitism that Fichte and Schelling's rational intuitions emphasized. Also, by ontologicalizing the concept and relating it to the object-in-itself, Hegel escapes from the skepticism that plagues mental idealism to escape from skepticism.

Big data has provided new opportunities for landslide research, but in-depth mining of landslide data is still limited due to complex data types, diverse semantic relationships, and unclear sharing mechanisms. And it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of big data in landslide research. In this paper, a landslide knowledge graph construction method for the field of engineering geology is proposed, which extracts, fuses and structures multi-source heterogeneous landslide knowledge to realize the inquiry, correlation and reasoning of landslide knowledge big data. The combination of top-down and bottom-up methods was used to divide the concept and ontology of landslides. A knowledge graph model layer was formed based on 10 categories of knowledge, including landslide field investigation, landslide evaluation, landslide type, landslide geomorphological characteristics, landslide morphological characteristics, landslide disaster information, states of activity of landslides, landslide genesis mechanism, landslide stability analysis method, and landslide prevention and control measures. The knowledge graph model layer includes concept layer, attribute layer, relationship layer, rule layer, and instance layer, and it is constructed by extracting landslide knowledge information from broad data sources, establishing semantic networks and integrating redundant knowledge. The Neo4j platform is used to store landslide knowledge, realize knowledge visualization and retrieval, and provide new ideas and methods for landslide mechanism research and disaster prevention and mitigation. The proposed construction method of landslide knowledge graph can be extended to the research of other types of disaster knowledge graph, and is linked with other disciplines to promote the deep intersection and integration of disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal on Communication / Tongxin Xuebao is the property of Journal on Communications Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study explores the knowledge system and organisational learning activities of enterprises serving the elderly using the case study of two Chinese enterprises, and the following findings were obtained. The analysis shows that the complexity of the knowledge system of comprehensive enterprises for the elderly is not weaker than that of the professional technical service industry. The knowledge system of enterprises serving the elderly presents sequential characteristics. We ague that the types of knowledge elements of enterprises serving the elderly should be integrated and contained to form a knowledge system with holographic characteristics. Furthermore, the knowledge accumulation of enterprises serving the elderly depend on the selection of appropriate organisational learning strategies, showing an obvious spiral process of stimulus-response model. This paper provides valuable insights for the enterprises serving the elderly to determine the development direction and path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Car crashes, known also as vehicle collisions, are recurrent events that occur every day. As long as vehicles exist, vehicle collisions will, unfortunately, continue to occur. When a car crash occurs, it is important to investigate and determine the actors’ responsibilities. The police in charge of that task, as well as claims adjusters, usually process manually by going to the crash spot, collecting data on the field, drafting the crash, and assessing responsibilities based on road rules. This later task of assessing responsibilities usually takes time and requires enough knowledge of road rules. With the aim to support the police and claims adjusters and simplify the process of responsibility determination, we built a system that can automatically assess actors’ responsibilities within a crossroad crash. The system is mainly based on image detection and uses a rule-based knowledge system to assess responsibilities within driving recorders’ videos. It uses the crash video recorded by one of the involved vehicles’ driving recorders as the input data source and outputs the evaluation of each actor’s responsibility within the crash. The rule-based knowledge system was implemented to make the reasoning about responsibility assessment clear and allow users to easily understand the reasons for the results. The system consists of three modules: (a) a crash time detection module, (b) a traffic sign detection module, and (c) a responsibility assessment module. To detect a crash within a video, we discovered that the simple application of existing vehicle detection models would result in wrong detections with many false positives. To solve the issue, we made our proposed model take into account only the collided vehicle, its shape, and its position within the video. Moreover, with the biggest challenge being finding data to train the system’s detection models, we built our own dataset from scratch with more than 1500 images of head-on car crashes within the context of crossroad accidents taken by the driving recorder of one of the vehicles involved in the crash. The experiment’s results show how the system performs in (1) detecting the crash time, (2) detecting traffic signs, and (3) assessing each party’s responsibility. The system performs well when light conditions and the visibility of collided objects are good and traffic lights’ view distances are close.

The elimination of poverty and hunger in all its forms and dimensions is one of the key objective of global sustainable development (GSD). This paper analyzed the characteristics of literature release, research progress and frontier trends in the field of antipoverty in the past ten years by means of bibliometrics, and information visualization. Using CiteSpace to analyze the literature on anti-poverty in the core journals of Web of Science and Scopus (W&S), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The results showed that:(1) The heat of anti-poverty research is on the rise in both W&S and CNKI, the growth rate of Chinese literature published is significantly higher than that of English literature after 2015, but the international influence is not enough. (2) Researchers and institutions in W&S are more independent than in CNKI. The Chinese research team is more stable and larger, but it needs to be further strengthened in cross-institutional and interdisciplinary research. (3)The research content in W&S mainly focuses on influencing factors and poverty reduction mechanisms, ecosystem services, maternal health and sustainable development. According to the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China paid more attention to concrete ways to reduce poverty, and after completing the fight against absolute poverty by 2020, China will pay more attention to reducing relative poverty and solve multi-dimensional poverty problems by improving the security of medical care, education and housing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Figuring out the structural features and internal logic of knowledge system from an interdisciplinary perspective under the action of knowledge flow and revealing the changes in the spatial structure and pattern of the knowledge systems of different disciplines are meaningful works for both the theoretical and practical research on the utilization and expansion of interdisciplinary knowledge. For this reason, this paper built a spatial model for the interdisciplinary knowledge system and analyze its structural features. At first, key features of the interdisciplinary knowledge system were mined, and a knowledge system was built based on the coupling of knowledge and discipline. Then, the relationship between technical knowledge and discipline was discussed, and the complex spatial features of the interdisciplinary knowledge system were mined. After that, this paper built an evolutionary dynamics model for knowledge stickiness, and used it to study the main influencing factors of the knowledge stickiness of interdisciplinary knowledge system based on dynamics and figure out its action mechanisms on the performance of knowledge utilization and expansion. At last, experimental results verified the effectiveness of the constructed model and the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Car crashes, known also as vehicle collisions, are recurrent events that occur every day. As long as vehicles exist, vehicle collisions will, unfortunately, continue to occur. When a car crash occurs, it is important to investigate and determine the actors' responsibilities. The police in charge of that task, as well as claims adjusters, usually process manually by going to the crash spot, collecting data on the field, drafting the crash, and assessing responsibilities based on road rules. This later task of assessing responsibilities usually takes time and requires enough knowledge of road rules. With the aim to support the police and claims adjusters and simplify the process of responsibility determination, we built a system that can automatically assess actors' responsibilities within a crossroad crash. The system is mainly based on image detection and uses a rule-based knowledge system to assess responsibilities within driving recorders' videos. It uses the crash video recorded by one of the involved vehicles' driving recorders as the input data source and outputs the evaluation of each actor's responsibility within the crash. The rule-based knowledge system was implemented to make the reasoning about responsibility assessment clear and allow users to easily understand the reasons for the results. The system consists of three modules: (a) a crash time detection module, (b) a traffic sign detection module, and (c) a responsibility assessment module. To detect a crash within a video, we discovered that the simple application of existing vehicle detection models would result in wrong detections with many false positives. To solve the issue, we made our proposed model take into account only the collided vehicle, its shape, and its position within the video. Moreover, with the biggest challenge being finding data to train the system's detection models, we built our own dataset from scratch with more than 1500 images of head-on car crashes within the context of crossroad accidents taken by the driving recorder of one of the vehicles involved in the crash. The experiment's results show how the system performs in (1) detecting the crash time, (2) detecting traffic signs, and (3) assessing each party's responsibility. The system performs well when light conditions and the visibility of collided objects are good and traffic lights' view distances are close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of projects introducing new production takes into account all aspects related to development and technical preparation of production, production of prototypes, familiarization with production, processing marketing sales support, as well as preparation of service support. PLM systems represent the tools for automating engineering activities in the product life cycle. These solutions are based on the idea of a close cooperation between individual areas involved in the final product, from its design to the end of its technical life. Collecting a large amount of data and information about the product under observation is typical for this kind of activity. PLM integrates the areas of computer aid, database and information systems, and computer networks. This article points to the creation of a knowledge-based application environment for data management of a small business with a description of its functions and possibilities of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues that the construction sector currently faces with regard to productivity and efficiency are well acknowledged. In the construction industry, there is plenty of space for efficiency to improve, with an increasing number of new tools and methods coming out. One of the solutions to increase efficiency is the application of modern methods of construction. The modern methods of construction, especially dry construction techniques, are developing so that there is a larger volume of high-quality production with a shorter time for procurement. Not only in the construction of skeletons but also in the finishing works, it is a huge advantage if there are implemented techniques that eliminate traditional wet construction works and thus shorten the construction time. On the other hand, however, the question of efficiency in relation to their costs is raised. Based on theoretical and empirical research, the aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of modern dry construction systems and solutions for finishing works, especially in relation to the construction time and construction cost. For this purpose, an expert knowledge system, named the complex COMBINATOR, was developed. Through a set of simulations with the help of the COMBINATOR, the effects of different combinations of dry construction systems and techniques (DCSTs) and traditional wet construction systems and techniques (WCSTs) on the time and cost of finishing construction works were measured. Based on the results of simulations carried out through the complex COMBINATOR with an inference engine that enabled these simulations, the potential of dry construction techniques for the implementation of finishing works in the construction of residential buildings was demonstrated. Without simulating the effects of the individual technological models for finishing construction works in relation to two of the most important parameters of construction projects, namely time and cost, it would not be possible to obtain the resulting parameters for different combinations of DCSTs and WCSTs from the study presented. Therein lies the huge importance of the presented knowledge system for deciding on the benefits of DCSTs.

Colonial medical education and public health policies emerged from an intriguing discourse of negotiation between the government and the people. These 'structured conflicts', rooted in the politics and the debates of the colonial institutions not only provided opportunities for creative thinking about public health but also for imposing constraints. The colonial and post-colonial India medical legislative debates revealing a new language of protest, assumed greater significance with the growing nationalist movement and the general (though variegated) intellectual polarisation – western and indigenous systems of medicine. Problematising the historiographic assertion of medical modernisation in colonial India to be a part of 'civilising mission', this paper argues that legislature emerged as a platform of activism and protest against the colonial and post-colonial State's appropriation of modernity. While some members appealed for extending the benefit of 'modern' western medicine to the general Indian population, some debated in favour of introducing the indigenous medical systems to the terms of modern professionalisation. The post-colonial policies reveal the true significance of the legislative debates in reviving the position of indigenous systems of medicine in the context of professional modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)