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Based on theoretical analysis and research hypotheses, this study uses unbalanced panel data from 107 countries from 2008 to 2020 to empirically analyze the impact of intellectual property rights protection (IPRP) on sustainable economic growth (SEG). The results demonstrate that IPRP promotes SEG directly and indirectly by enhancing the accumulation of knowledge capital through domestic R&D and international R&D trade cooperation. Technological progress reduces the positive impact of IPRP on domestic R&D but amplifies the effect of domestic R&D on SEG. Furthermore, political stability enhances the positive effects of IPRP on international R&D trade cooperation and SEG. This research provides empirical evidence for the role of IPRP in sustainable development and offers policy insights for governments worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the impact of knowledge capital (KC), a key element of firms' innovation and competitiveness, on stock returns during economic crises when sustainable competitiveness becomes particularly important. We analyze the impact of the Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19 as economic crises, focusing on manufacturing industries with a high proportion of investment shifts from physical capital to KC. Our findings indicate that KC is positively associated with stock returns during the Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19. This positive relationship is strengthened by the firm's ability to leverage KC, as measured by greater product market share, higher Tobin's Q, and larger cash holdings. This study emphasizes the protective role of KC during the economic crisis when the market pays more attention to corporate sustainability and provides implications to corporate managers and investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between intangible capital (IC) and stock performance during the two recent crisis periods, the GFC and COVID-19. By categorizing IC into Knowledge Capital (KC) and Organizational Capital (OC), we analyze the impact of each capital on the crisis return in the manufacturing sector. The results show that a greater KC and OC are significantly associated with higher crisis returns during both periods. In addition, we find evidence that generalist CEOs strengthen this relationship while specialist CEOs do not. Within firms led by a generalist CEO, the CEO's tenure positively moderates the association between each factor of intangible capital and crisis period returns. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of KC and OC as a protective buffer against external shocks, particularly when the market pays more attention to corporate sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing income (INC) is a key variable for the encroacher's self-empowerment in order to able to leave protected forest areas voluntarily when their concessionary period will be due. This urgency is facing by almost Social Forestry Programs across the country such as for Batutegi Lampung Province, whose empowerment period only has 20 years left so that they don't become encroachers again. While physical capital (PC), especially forest land, has seemed leveling off for increasing INC, so the stimulating social capital (SC) is a must. In this context, the role of extension activities (ROLE) in amplifying PC and SC productivity in leveraging INC needs to be elucidated. The objectives of this research are to: (1) reveal the strengths of the direct effect of ROLE on INC, (2)compare the effectiveness of ROLE in leveraging SC to PC in order to increase INC, and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of ROLE in stimulating FC and SC in order to leverage INC. The SEM (structural equation modeling) postulates employed at a confidence level of 95%, where PC and SC are treated as exogenous variables, ROLE as intervening variables, and INC as endogenous variables. The land tenure both inside and outside the forest area is used as an indicator for the PC. Elements of norms, trust, and network as indicators for SC. The three indicators for ROLE employed are the benefit of extension activities about forest protection, agroforestry technique, and post-harvest skill. Two indicators for INC are from coffee beans and other non-timber forest products (NTFP). Data collection was carried out in between April to June 2020 through semi-structured interviews with 98 forest encroachers who were drawn using stratified random sampling. Conclusion: (1) FC and SC not directly productive, did not significantly increase INC (P=0.740 and 0.123 respectively), and in contrast to ROLE were highly productive (P=0.000), (2) PC was also not significantly stimulated to ROLE (P=0.112) but SC was significant (P=0.000) and [3] for PC the ROLE activities were blunt or not significant in amplifying INC (P=0.188) but very powerful or significant for SC (P=0.000). The implication: to ensure that encroachers or HKm land concession holders are able to leave protected forest areas voluntarily when their concession rights expire, the FMU authority must increase the knowledge and skills of HKm concession holders through strengthening extension performance (ROLE) as a necessary condition for increasing income, not continuing to increase the land allotment.

Background: In today’s volatile and highly competitive business environment, the importance of knowledge capital and innovation management for multinational manufacturing firms has been widely recognised by both academia and industry. Aim: This article aims to explore the impact of transboundary investment and assimilative capacity on the association between knowledge capital and innovation management in this specific context. Setting: A total of 217 managers and employees were selected from 19 multinational manufacturing firms listed on the Ghana stock exchange to participate in the survey. Method: Using a theoretical-based association existing research model, data were collected through an online electronic questionnaire survey. The collected data were then analysed using path analysis, utilising SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 software to test the formulated hypotheses. Results: The study found that an organisation-wide unified system, technological, organisational resource and knowledge capital-enabling structures strongly influence multinational manufacturing firms. Besides, knowledge capital and innovation management have a positive mediating role and a significant impact on multinational manufacturing firms. However, there was no significant impact between knowledge of empirical capital and innovation management. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of knowledge capital in enhancing innovation management and emphasise the role of transboundary investment and assimilative capacity in mediating this relationship. Contribution: This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of how knowledge capital and innovation management are interconnected, as well as the relationship between transboundary investment and assimilative capacity, and their respective roles in mediating this relationship.

Motivated to some extent by the empirical significance of student loans in the U.S., this paper incorporates knowledge capital formation by working households financed through debt to a demand-led dynamic model of physical and knowledge capital utilization and output growth. Average labor productivity varies positively with the average knowledge capital across the labor force. A rise in labor productivity resulting from knowledge capital accumulation is fully passed on to the real wage so that the wage share remains constant. In the unique long-run equilibrium, which is stable, an exogenous rise in the wage share raises the rates of physical capital utilization and output growth but has an ambiguous effect on the rate of employment (which also measures the rate of knowledge capital utilization). The long-run equilibrium also features the following interrelated results: the output growth rate is greater than the exogenous interest rate; the debt ratio (working households' debt as a ratio of either the physical or the knowledge capital, or the output) is independent of the interest rate; and the allocation of a higher (lower) proportion of wage income to debt repayment (consumption) raises instead of lowers the debt ratio, which we dub the paradox of debt repayment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the impact of knowledge capital (KC), a key element of firms’ innovation and competitiveness, on stock returns during economic crises when sustainable competitiveness becomes particularly important. We analyze the impact of the Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19 as economic crises, focusing on manufacturing industries with a high proportion of investment shifts from physical capital to KC. Our findings indicate that KC is positively associated with stock returns during the Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19. This positive relationship is strengthened by the firm’s ability to leverage KC, as measured by greater product market share, higher Tobin’s Q, and larger cash holdings. This study emphasizes the protective role of KC during the economic crisis when the market pays more attention to corporate sustainability and provides implications to corporate managers and investors.

This study analyzes the market value of listed companies in Mainland China across different industries, including capital-intensive, labor-intensive, technology-intensive, and other industries. A generalized neoclassical investment model that considers physical capital, labor, and knowledge capital as input variables is built to theoretically decompose firm value. The empirical results indicate that knowledge capital accounts for an increasing proportion of the market value of companies, rising sharply from 21.5% in 2009 to 37.9% in 2018. In contrast, the share of labor in enterprise market value has been decreasing year by year, dropping from 56.5% in 2009 to 36.4% in 2018. The share of physical capital in enterprise market value remains relatively stable. Based on these findings, the study simulates the optimal investment behaviors and their influence on the firm value of various types of enterprises, providing valuable insights for investment decision-making for managers in different industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue du Financier is the property of Societe Cybel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study examined the effect of private enterprise on organizational performance of SMEs in, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to: determine the effect of knowledge capital on organisational performance of SMEs and Starrt -up -capital on organizational performance in SMEs in Nigeria. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. The research design method that was used for the study is a descriptive survey research design. A sample size of 400 SMEs employees of selected SMEs in Nigeria was randomly selected. The sample size was determined by using Taro Yamane. The study used descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses to analyze the data collected for the study. Finding showed that Knowledge Capital (β= 0.345, P < 0.01) and Start -Up (β= 0.117, P < 0.01) have significant positive effect on organizational performance. It was concluded that private enterprise capital has a significant positive effect on organizational performance. It was recommended to achieve the organizational performance; management of private enterprise should continue to provide the right framework to support business and stakeholders to create an environment suitable for financial capital when required and proper application and management of start-up capital in business. The study established that customer retention and social interaction is influenced by the level of relationship between entrepreneurship capital and organizational performance, validated screening of resources, upheld the critical importance of knowledge and human capital as well as ensuring a workable and initial financial capital navigates the business towards organizational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic & Religious Studies / Majallah-yi ʿUlūm-i Islāmiyyah va Dīniyyah is the property of University of Haripur, Pakistan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of the continuous growth of the digital economy, the steady and sustainable development and growth of enterprises are increasingly dependent on the quality of innovation and knowledge capital. Based on the resource-based view and from the perspective of knowledge capital, this paper takes the knowledge capital index composed of human resource capital, innovation and R&D capability capital, innovation facility capital and relational capital as the intermediary variable and explores the mechanism of the influence of innovation quality on the growth performance of entrepreneurial enterprises from the enterprise level. Taking computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing enterprises listed on GEM from 2017 to 2021 as the research object, this paper uses hierarchical regression and Bootstrap methods to explore the specific path of the impact of innovation quality on the growth performance of entrepreneurial enterprises and conducts an empirical analysis and robust analysis. This research shows that the innovative quality of entrepreneurial enterprises can significantly promote growth performance, and knowledge capital plays an intermediary role in it. The conclusion of this paper provides theoretical support for this kind of enterprise to improve the quality of innovation and make good use of knowledge capital and provides an empirical basis and reference for their sustainable and stable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge is a strategic, high-quality source of power. Knowledge assets – technological and human capital - have been recognized as key resource for sustaining competitive advantage in a dynamic turbulent environment. Past research argued that knowledge is important to facilitate and leverage knowledge assets. Most of the firm’s knowledge and skills reside in its human capital, often in tacit and explicit knowledge. Existing knowledge is not enough to be competitive on the future market. Firms must collect, disseminate and create knowledge capital. According to the theory of dynamic organization knowledge creation (SECI; processes of socialization, externalization, combination and internalization), knowledge assets are the key elements that facilitate knowledge creation processes. Knowledge can be created on personal / organizational level, and also externally, such as with customers, partners and suppliers. Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2005) identified four dimensions of construct of organizational knowledge capital: experimental knowledge assets, conceptual knowledge assets, routine knowledge assets and system knowledge assets. Each form of knowledge has specific individual support in process of knowledge creation. The firms needs vision and synchronized entire team. This paper employed a survey instrument and collected data in Slovenia. Our research confirmed Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2005) research, we confirmed all four dimensions of organizational knowledge capital. Total 195 responses were analysed. The study shows importance to create learning environment, networking between professionals, to build trust encourage open, share / disseminate knowledge and create new knowledge.

This study explains how capitals shape the survival strategy of freelance creative workers who work in a precarious situations in the commercial audiovisual industry. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach. Through in-depth interviews with freelance creative workers, online observations, and digital data collection, this study shows that the survival strategy of the workers can be explained further based on capital analysis focused on social capital and knowledge capital as the recognized and valued capital in the field. Both the social and knowledge capital of the workers, accompanied by workers' capacity to accumulate and convert them continuously, are relevant in shaping workers' survival strategy, which leads to the establishment of a positive reputation and capacity enhancement. This eventually leads them to gain employability and occupy strategic positioning, reflected in high bargaining power and work opportunities in the industry sustainably, as it becomes their alternative job security to survive amidst precarious conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the root cause of the problem, which prevents students from developing and implementing transfer skills. In the research, using secondary data, public documents and content analysis methods, current changes in the education system are studied and analyzed. In addition, in order to discuss the current situation in the Georgian educational market and to study the factors of the internationalization process in Georgia, a PESTEL analysis was conducted, within the framework of which the political, economic, social, technological, ecological and legitimate factors determining the attractiveness of Georgia for foreign students were identified. The topic is relevant because the rhythm of modern life depends on transfer skills. And the current events encourage and make inevitable the emergence of young people who can use their knowledge independently in the economy and culture. By teaching effective transferable skills, it is possible not only to correct an un-sustainable situation, but also to achieve strong and stable demand, productivity and economic growth. At the end of the paper, the main conclusions and recommendations for higher educational institutions and students are presented. Taking into account the received research results will make a positive contribution to the development of an effective state policy of university education. In the post-pandemic period, this is directly related to the acceleration of innovative processes in the country and the rational accumulation of economic wealth.

This study aims to examine the role of knowledge in ensuring the successor's readiness for intra-family succession in Hungarian family businesses. The study investigates the research question: which types of knowledge shape the successor's readiness for succession from both the founder and successor perspectives? A dyadic approach is employed, examining both the founders' and successors' perspectives through semi-structured interviews. Based upon the findings, propositions are set out for further research directions. For practitioners, the findings uncover the key types of knowledge when preparing for succession and the order in which these should take place. Practitioners can thus develop strategies for improving the development of successor's knowledge capital, increasing the chances of a successful succession process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the market value of listed companies in Mainland China across different industries, including capital-intensive, labor-intensive, technology-intensive, and other industries. A generalized neoclassical investment model that considers physical capital, labor, and knowledge capital as input variables is built to theoretically decompose firm value. The empirical results indicate that knowledge capital accounts for an increasing proportion of the market value of companies, rising sharply from 21.5% in 2009 to 37.9% in 2018. In contrast, the share of labor in enterprise market value has been decreasing year by year, dropping from 56.5% in 2009 to 36.4% in 2018. The share of physical capital in enterprise market value remains relatively stable. Based on these findings, the study simulates the optimal investment behaviors and their influence on the firm value of various types of enterprises, providing valuable insights for investment decision-making for managers in different industries.

This paper examines the implications of idea production and knowledge capital for monetary business cycles. We construct a sticky‐wage model where workers produce goods based on firm‐specific knowledge capital and researchers develop new ideas aided by economywide knowledge. As a quantitatively small group in the economy, researchers are inconsequential for the real effects of monetary shocks when the returns to research are low. However, when the returns to research are high, the result can be overturned. Monetary shocks can have significant real effects, even if wages are perfectly flexible for workers, who are quantitatively dominant in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational vitality encompasses organizational mission and identity, organizational purpose and values, and employee engagement, cohesiveness, anxiety, and information sharing. Using the organizational vitality framework consisting of the following five pillars: (1) human, (2) knowledge, (3) intellectual, (4) financial capital, and (5) market value, we propose a reflection guide and specific calls to action for academic leaders including deans, department chairs, assistant/associate deans, and others within pharmacy and healthcare education systems. Our overall aim is to provide a blueprint for academic leaders to assess and enhance the organizational health, vitality, resiliency, and sustainability of their pharmacy educational programs using an established organizational vitality framework. This guide can help academic leaders at all levels to reflect on their organization's vitality and use the steps outlined here to renew conversations about faculty life, identities as leaders, the global pharmacy Academy's core mission and values, and the pursuit of work-life harmony in the context of their pharmacy schools' organizational vitality. All leaders within pharmacy educational programs should identify and embrace a holistic and guided framework that emphasizes organizational vitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge is a strategic, high-quality source of power. Knowledge assets -- technological and human capital - have been recognized as key resource for sustaining competitive advantage in a dynamic turbulent environment. Past research argued that knowledge is important to facilitate and leverage knowledge assets. Most of the firm's knowledge and skills reside in its human capital, often in tacit and explicit knowledge. Existing knowledge is not enough to be competitive on the future market. Firms must collect, disseminate and create knowledge capital. According to the theory of dynamic organization knowledge creation (SECI; processes of socialization, externalization, combination and internalization), knowledge assets are the key elements that facilitate knowledge creation processes. Knowledge can be created on personal / organizational level, and also externally, such as with customers, partners and suppliers. Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2005) identified four dimensions of construct of organizational knowledge capital: experimental knowledge assets, conceptual knowledge assets, routine knowledge assets and system knowledge assets. Each form of knowledge has specific individual support in process of knowledge creation. The firms needs vision and synchronized entire team. This paper employed a survey instrument and collected data in Slovenia. Our research confirmed Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2005) research, we confirmed all four dimensions of organizational knowledge capital. Total 195 responses were analysed. The study shows importance to create learning environment, networking between professionals, to build trust encourage open, share / disseminate knowledge and create new knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their book, E. Hanushek and L. Wössmann analyze the relationship between the economic growth of countries and the stock of knowledge capital that they have. The main argument that is put forward and discussed in the book is that the level of knowledge capital is one of the key predictors of economic development. However, in order to test this hypothesis empirically, it is important to correctly measure the stock of knowledge capital. The authors propose their own methodology for measuring knowledge capital, which is based on the results of international studies of student performance. This methodology differs significantly from previous approaches, in which the stock of knowledge capital was approximated by the average years of schooling in the country. Measuring knowledge capital through aggregating the results of international studies of educational achievements, the authors suggest that the economic growth of countries is affected not by the duration of education, but by its effectiveness, that is, the average level of cognitive skills of people. The use of the knowledge capital indicator proposed by the authors in modeling economic development makes it possible to explain the differences in economic growth rates in different groups of countries, as well as to identify public policy instruments in the field of education, the use of which can accelerate economic growth.

Copyright of Social Inequalities & Economic Growth / Nierownosci Spoleczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy is the property of University of Rzeszow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most crucial and prominent asset for enterprises engaged in production and services is the knowledge available to them. Nowadays, to become pioneer and leading among peers, the enterprises and organizations should be capable of acquiring updated and validated knowledge, and applying the value-added knowledge, wisdom and experience of their personnel and also have the ability to implement, retrieve and maintain knowledge as intangible organizational assets. The KM-driven performances based on the knowledge perspective are rooted in the organization’s knowledge resources. Further, the KM-driven performances are mediated by business process capabilities. Organizational learning, as a moderator to knowledge resources, is critically complementary to KM. In this study, the data were collected by the standard questionnaire with the statistical population including 199 employees of the Zanjan Revenue Department and Bojnourd Industry, Mine and Trade Organization. The questionnaires were distributed by the simple random method. The conceptual research model was fitted by the structural equation modelling and analyzed by the PLS software. The research findings indicate that knowledge resources are the foundation of KM-driven performance, through the role of business process capabilities as the mediator. Specifically, knowledge assets and process capabilities are two different but relevant drivers in a value creation process. According to the findings, knowledge capital and knowledge process capability are provocative in the value creation process in the organizations. Knowledge capital affects significantly the knowledge process capability, whilst organizational learning affects the knowledge capital, and business processes capability influences the organizational performance.

With Industry 4.0, the role of research cannot be undermined. As innovations drive the economy, we explicated the contribution of knowledge capital to the macroeconomy. Following the endogenous growth theory, we estimated a three-factor Cobb-Douglas aggregate production function for selected ASEAN+3 economies. Using the total number of Scopus-indexed journals as our proposed alternative metric for knowledge capital, we found that investing in the creation of more scientific researches and using it as productive inputs allow an economy to experience growth in the long run. Results showed that increasing knowledge capital, constituting higher levels of research, creates new technologies and innovations that stimulate economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we develop a methodology to assess the scientific wealth of territories at field level. Our methodology uses a bibliometric approach based on the observation of academic research performance and overall scientific production in each territory. We apply it to assess disparities in the Italian territories in the medical specialties at the front line of the COVID-19 emergency. Italy has been the first among western countries to be severely affected by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study reveals remarkable inequities across territories, with scientific weaknesses concentrated in the south. Policies for rebalancing the north–south divide should also consider, in addition to tangible assets, the gap in production and availability of quality medical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational vitality encompasses organizational mission and identity, organizational purpose and values, and employee engagement, cohesiveness, anxiety, and information sharing. Using the organizational vitality framework consisting of the following five pillars: (1) human, (2) knowledge, (3) intellectual, (4) financial capital, and (5) market value, we propose a reflection guide and specific calls to action for academic leaders including deans, department chairs, assistant/associate deans, and others within pharmacy and healthcare education systems. Our overall aim is to provide a blueprint for academic leaders to assess and enhance the organizational health, vitality, resiliency, and sustainability of their pharmacy educational programs using an established organizational vitality framework. This guide can help academic leaders at all levels to reflect on their organization’s vitality and use the steps outlined here to renew conversations about faculty life, identities as leaders, the global pharmacy Academy’s core mission and values, and the pursuit of work-life harmony in the context of their pharmacy schools’ organizational vitality. All leaders within pharmacy educational programs should identify and embrace a holistic and guided framework that emphasizes organizational vitality.

The study aims to systematically examine the role of infrastructure investment on the quality of economic growth by using the regional panel data of 29 Chinese provinces. A comprehensive index is developed using the principal component analysis (PCA) to observe the economic growth quality. Regression results show that China's infrastructure investment has not exceeded the threshold, and the quality of economic growth has improved significantly. The results were robust using the regional average investment level and infrastructure stock as instrumental variables for 2SLS and system GMM testing. Further, the mediation analysis confirms that infrastructure investment improves economic growth through the physical and material circulation of resources, market integration, and knowledge capital evolution. Overall the results provide more profound policy enlightenment with regards to infrastructure investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurial ecosystems literature lists numerous factors, emphasizing their interactions. However, there is limited empirical literature exploring the causal mechanisms, nor an understanding of the relative importance of these factors. This paper places the entrepreneur at the centre of the analysis by constructing a career history network of over 2100 Irish high-tech entrepreneurs. It finds that prior employment experience can be used to measure the prominence of different actors anticipated in the entrepreneurial ecosystem literature. Regional universities play an anchor role within each regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. Universities are indirectly connected to other organizations to form an integrated network that supports high-tech entrepreneurship. This approach may be used to assess and motivate interventions to support integration and anchor organization establishment that enhances regional entrepreneurial activity.

In this article, we examine the innovative behaviour of private manufacturing firms using a unique Innovation Follow-up Survey (2015) first time conducted by the World Bank for the Pakistan economy. To model the structural relationship between R&D, innovation, firm performance, and export we specify an extended version of CDM model proposed by Crepon et al. (1998. Research, innovation and productivi [Ty: An econometric analysis at the firm level. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 7(2), 115–158), modified by (Griffith, R., Huergo, E., Mairesse, J., & Peters, B. [2006]. Innovation and productivity across four European countries. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22(4), 483–498; Hall, B. H., Lotti, F., & Mairesse, J. [2009]. Innovation and productivity in SMEs: empirical evidence for Italy. Small Business Economics, 33(1), 13–33) and further extended by this study via introducing propensity to export stage. Our econometric results show that technological innovations (product and process innovation) have significantly positive impacts on firm performance which plays a key role in the firm's decision to engage in exporting activities. The elasticity of labour productivity with respect to process is slightly higher than the product innovation. Robustness analysis reports that, except for organisational innovation, the predicted research intensity has a positive impact on innovation output no matter which proxy is used for the firm-level innovation. Moreover, non-technological innovations (marketing and organisational innovation) have no impact on firm performance for all the alternative econometrical specifications and are mostly in line with the existing literature. The findings have practical implications for policymakers with respect to firm productivity and export propensity, and highlight the significance of innovation in empowering firms to increase economic performance and catch up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to describe and diagnose the elements of Knowledge capital (human capital, structural capital, client capital) and areas of organizational change which are (structural change, change of tasks, technological change) in the surveyed organizations, as well as this study emphasizes to the importance of the role and having of knowledge capital to reach an effective organizational change. The study has depended on (SPSS-20) program and a number of statistical tools to analyze and to find out the relationship between variables. To achieve the objective of the study, the questionnaire has been distributed to (40) of head of departments and administrative units in the University of Zakho, and only (30) questionnaires have retrieved. The study has reached to a number of findings. Most importantly, the availability of knowledge capital in organizations is an essential and important requirement to achieve effective organizational change and supports the direction of organizations that seek to survive, grow and adapt to the external environment surrounding them. On the other hand, the study has suggested that it’s necessary to give more attention and support knowledge capital in organizations. This is because the individuals who work in these organizations and have knowledge are considered the power for moving and driving the process of change.

Today, knowledge capital plays a pivotal and a powerful instrument in business organizations for building and developing competitive heights and advantage. Knowledge capital (KC) can create innovation, which can maximize the employees' performance. The objective of the research is to analyse the influence of Knowledge Capital Development Initiatives of IT executives in Bangalore and to identify the factors influencing Knowledge capital development initiatives. Respondents of this research study consisted of middle level executives from leading IT companies from Bangalore and 500 respondents were selected by using stratified random sampling method. It is found that there is a significant difference between the mean ranks towards the KC factors considered by employees of the IT companies. This research makes an attempt to study to what extent knowledge capital has a major influence on employees' performance. The prevailing policies, practices, initiatives and procedures are analyzed from the data collected from the respondents as the primary source of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper quantifies the economic benefits of educational improvement covered by the educational goals of the European Union, providing disaggregated projections for each of the EU countries and comparative economic results for alternative policy goals. Increased student achievement by 25 PISA points across the EU would be expected to add €71 trillion in present value to EU GDP over the status quo. By contrast, the more limited EU goal of reducing low achievement to 15 percent by country would have an impact of only €5 trillion. Central to the analysis is careful attention to the dynamics of educational reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurial ecosystems literature lists numerous factors, emphasizing their interactions. However, there is limited empirical literature exploring the causal mechanisms, nor an understanding of the relative importance of these factors. This paper places the entrepreneur at the centre of the analysis by constructing a career history network of over 2100 Irish high-tech entrepreneurs. It finds that prior employment experience can be used to measure the prominence of different actors anticipated in the entrepreneurial ecosystem literature. Regional universities play an anchor role within each regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. Universities are indirectly connected to other organizations to form an integrated network that supports high-tech entrepreneurship. This approach may be used to assess and motivate interventions to support integration and anchor organization establishment that enhances regional entrepreneurial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the social network perspective, this study explores the ontological structure of knowledge sharing activities engaged in by researchers in the field of information systems (IS) over the past three decades. We construct a knowledge network based on coauthorship patterns extracted from four major journals in the IS field in order to analyze the distinctive characteristics of each subfield and to assess the amount of internal and external knowledge exchange that has taken place among IS researchers. This study also tests the role of different types of social capital that influence the academic impact of researchers. Our results indicate that the proportion of coauthored IS articles in the four journals has doubled over the past 25 years, from merely 40 percent in 1978 to over 80 percent in 2002. However, a significant variation exists in terms of the shape, density, and centralization of knowledge exchange networks across the four subfields of IS—namely, behavioral science, organizational science, computer science, and economic science. For example, the behavioral science subgroup, in terms of internal cohesion among researchers, tends to develop the most dense collaborative relationships, whereas the computer science subgroup is the most fragmented. Moreover, external collaboration across these subfields appears to be limited and severely unbalanced. Across the four subfields, on average, less than 20 percent of the research collaboration ties involved researchers from different subdisciplines. Finally, the regression analysis reveals that knowledge capital derived from a network rich in structural holes has a positive influence on an individual researcher's academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]