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Background/Aim: Root canal treatment (RCT) is one of the most common endodontic procedures for which patients visit the dentist. Patient's knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding root canal treatment are an interesting problem in everyday dentistry. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of patients coming for endodontic treatment. Methods: Questionnaire surveys were carried out in a group of 209 patients, including queries characterizing their knowledge, awareness, and attitude towards the RCT - their experiences, expectations, potential problems, and management expenses. Results: Exploring the knowledge of individuals’ concerning RCT, it was noticed that 51% of the surveyed patients in the past had experienced endodontics treatment. 52% of participants reported that they know the charges of the RCT, 50% of them said that the price was sufficient to the difficulty of the process. The study confirmed that a large number of people still prefer specialists to perform the RCT (47%). Conclusion: An enhancement of knowledge and awareness of people about the RCT has been observed, as well as a need of providing more information to patients about endodontics and benefits of saving teeth.

Children infected with COVID-19 have a critical part in community-based viral transmission. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors of parents of pediatric dental patients on COVID-19 and to present required actions to prevent its spreading. A total of 524 parents took part in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for determining sociodemographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of parents, along with their COVID-19-related knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. In total, 90.6% of parents were unaware that disease may show no symptoms; 61.1% and 32.6% did not know roles of “close contact with asymptomatic patients” and “dentistry practices” in transmission, respectively; 30.2% thought it could be transmitted to their children at dental clinics, and only 16.4% stated their children as carriers. Parents need to be informed on COVID-19 transmission through contact with asymptomatic individuals, risks associated with dentistry practices, and role of children in transmission.

One billion people globally have been affected by vitamin D deficiency and its associated diseases; therefore, the present study was aimed to estimate the knowledge, awareness and practices of vitamin D in the Qassim region of the adult population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 195 of the general adult population in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia from 15th September 2020 to 25th October 2020. The results revealed that a high percentage of participants are cognizant of vitamin D (93.8%). Also, it appears that there was no association between knowledge and awareness of vitamin D and age, gender, education or social status. Around 82.6% of the participants know the sources of vitamin D and the majority of participants enjoy sun exposure (79%), where the most time exposed to the sun is early in the morning and after 3 pm, reported to at 43.6% and 52.3%, respectively. In addition, about 35% of participants increased their knowledge of vitamin D after the emergence of COVID-19. A high percentage of participants thought that vitamin D raising the body immunity against viral infection or improve immunity, in general, was at 67.7%, that thought that vitamin D prevents or increase resistance to COVID-19. From the foregoing results, it could be concluded that a high level of knowledge and awareness about vitamin D in adults living in the Qassim region and increased knowledge after the emergence of COVID-19 is the most important result of the current study.

Energy plays a significant and essential role in developing a nation’s economy and social growth. However, the decreasing use of oil, gas and coal as energy sources has persuaded the government to develop sources of renewable energy (RE). Although many studies had examine the public perceptions of renewable energy, little information was obtained from teachers and polytechnic lecturers on their awareness, conceptions and knowledge of government’s policies on renewable energy, even though they play major roles in disseminating knowledge and awareness of RE to the public. To unpack the contribution of research into renewable energy, this study aims to examine the knowledge and awareness of government policy implementation and support for RE based on the responses from in-service science teachers and polytechnic lecturers. A survey of the feedback from 117 science teachers and 90 polytechnic lecturers currently in service was undertaken. Findings revealed that both groups have good and positive awareness, sufficient knowledge of RE and an in-depth understanding of government policies on supporting and implementing RE. Finally, differences linked to gender and teaching experience while teaching RE within their educational institutions were not significant.

This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, awareness of the women along bio- physical, economic, political and social characteristics of watershed in relation to water resource management. Also, this will examine the role of women on household and in community and the activities undertakenrelative to the conservation and protection of watershed area in one municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. The study utilized descriptive research design and data was analyzed using frequency counts, percentage and weighted mean. Data revealed that respondents are much aware of the biophysical, social, political and economic characteristics of watershed, as well on watershed conservation and protection practices. In contribution to water resource conservation women always practiced recycling of water. Women contributed to the conservation and protection because they have the important roles to be undertaken and but most of them were seldom practiced. Social responsibility on both household and community level is required for women as far as watershed is concern.

Background and objective Problems currently occurred in the environment are caused by a lack of environmental awareness of the community. Biology students learn the environment in ecological learning. Students must explore environmental knowledge (EK) and are expected to have high environmental awareness (EA) and then apply their knowledge in daily life with pro-environmental behavior (PEB). There is a need for designing climate-change book serials for university students (CCBS-US) towards contextualized learning. This study aimed to determine the relationship between EK and EA and the PEB of biology students as a baseline for designing CCBS-US. Methods The study used a quantitative descriptive method with a correlational design. Total 136 biology students from a state university in Jakarta, Indonesia served as samples of the study. Results Research results revealed a positive relationship between EK and PEB of biology students. There was a positive relationship between EA and PEB of biology students and between EK and EA and PEB of Biology students. Moreover, 77% of students reported their EK is very high, 55% of students reported their EA is medium, and 46% of students reported their PEB is medium. Ecological learning has a vital role in shaping the EK, EA, and PEB, thus CCBS-US needs to be developed. Conclusion The study concluded that there was a relationship between EK, EA, and PEB. The study recommends the development of CCBS-US based on the survey results.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, awareness and attitude of covid-19 among Pakistani dental students. Design of the Study: It’s a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at HBS Dental College, Islamabad & Rawal Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Islamabad from August 2020 to January 2021. Material and Methods: For collection of data, a validated close-ended questionnaire was used. Response of dental students was taken using an electronic based questionnaire distributed through E-mails, Whatsap and Google forms. A total of 305 dental students completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire contained of three demographic features, 21 questions about knowledge, seven items about attitudes, and seven items about preventive measures, adapted from an earlier published questionnaire about corona virus. Convenience sampling technique was applied for collection of data and a response of respondents was presented as %. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS V-23 taking value of p

Background: Recognition of the importance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) level has been considered as one of the major public health challenges in the prevention and treatment of hypertension HTN. Studies indicate that most of the patients with HTN don’t control the SBP. The purpose of the study was to assess the patients’ knowledge, awareness and attitude towards HTN, especially related to SPB and their compliance with antihypertensive treatment. Material and methods: The quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study has been conducted and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used. Results: Most of patients have sufficient general knowledge about HTN. However, they know less about the specific factors associated with their disease, in particular: 77% of patients were unaware about their systolic blood pressure (SBP) at the time of HTN diagnosis and 75% — at the last visit to the doctor. The main reasons for the patient low compliance with treatment were low availability of medicines due to high costs (n = 44; 22%), daily chores that prevent from taking medication continuously at the proper time (n = 32; 16%), forgetfulness of taking medications (n = 24, 12%). Conclusions: Recognition of the importance of SBP level has been considered as one of the major challenges of public health and medicine in the prevention and treatment of HTN. The study emphasizes the necessity to maximize the effectiveness of HTN prevention and control programs to achieve optimal control of SBP.

Objective: To study the effect of Project-Based Learning (PBL) teaching method in lung cancer nursing teaching and its influence on knowledge awareness rates. Methods: The research subjects were 50 nursing interns who entered the same hospital for internship in 2020. The numerical ranking method was used for blind-selection and grouping, where 25 nursing interns were divided into the control group and the internship group each. Among them, the nursing interns in the control group adopted routine nursing teaching management, and the nursing interns in the training group used PBL teaching method for teaching management. The teaching satisfaction rate, teaching quality and knowledge awareness rate of the two groups were compared. Results: Nursing interns in the practice group were better than the control group in their nursing knowledge awareness rate and teaching satisfaction rate after adopting the PBL teaching method, and p

OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge attitude and awareness of interns and postgraduate students regarding ergonomic disorders and, to assess if they follow ergonomic postures following counselling regarding ergonomics among dental students in India. METHODS: The questionnaire for this study was validated and, a Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.84 was obtained. This study was conducted as a two-part study. In the first part, a questionnaire was given to the participants of the study. In the second part of the study, the subjects were observed on the 7th, 15th, and 30th day. RESULTS: Over half the participants i.e., 59.6 % (90 participants) preferred to perform the procedures while standing. This data on statistical analyses was found to be significant. (P-value 0.041) In this study, 84.1% of participants had experienced symptoms in the neck, shoulders, hands or back during working. (P-value 0.039). Conclusion: Ergonomics is an important subject that must be taught to every medical professional.

BACKGROUND: Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) stem cells are a non-invasive, effective alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for the treatment of a variety of diseases. AIM: The aim of the study was to research knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of the general public and health professionals regarding the UCB storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with an online survey (n = 408) using the snowball method. RESULTS: A majority of respondents declared that they were not aware of UCB banking; however, people with an academic background in healthcare have a greater awareness of UCB banking. A subjective assessment found that their knowledge of UCB banking is better than that of non-professionals, however, they exhibited better knowledge and understanding of UCB use and banking in only a few aspects. People with an academic background in healthcare have a more polarized attitude toward cord blood banking and a higher percentage are unwilling to pay for UCB banking services. However, their preferences regarding public/private UCB banking do not differ significantly from those of non-professionals. CONCLUSION: Here, we show that there is not much difference between the laic and professional categories in terms of knowledge about the specific purpose and characteristics of UCB storage.

The COVID-19 virus is highly infectious, and it places both patients and dental health care providers at high risk for contracting the disease. Therefore, it is crucial for dental teams to practice preventative measures against COVID-19 by wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), handwashing, ensuring adequate ventilation and sticking to strict protocols when conducting aerosol-generating procedures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using an online platform was conducted to assess dentists’ knowledge, attitude and awareness of COVID-19 in Trinidad and Tobago. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher exact test were performed. Results: One hundred and ninety-two dentists participated in the survey. The age group, 30–39, comprised 40.6% of the respondents. General dentists comprised 80.7% of the sample. The majority of the respondents evaluated their awareness of COVID-19 as above average. There was no difference in knowledge between dentists and specialists regarding routes of transmission and preventative techniques. More female dentists reported feeling anxious and fearful. Conclusions: There was a high level of agreement between different professionals about the preventative measures, routes of transmission and incubation period. There was a lot of variation in knowledge about the survivability of the virus on innate objects. More education campaigns, seminars, and rehabilitation services targeting dentists in Trinidad and Tobago are required.

Background: Substance abuse refers to the use of all chemicals, drugs and industrial solvents that can produce dependence (psychological and physical). It can also be referred to as the repeated non-medical use of potentially addictive chemical and organic substances. There is poor data about the health related risk of substance abuse among students in Nigeria. Hence, this survey was done to determine the level of knowledge, awareness & the health related risk of substance abuse among students and her host communities as an attempt to curb the menace and its effect on students and the entire society at large. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in ALUU Community in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study involved 150 volunteers recruited randomly through a multi-staged sampling technique which included secondary school students, undergraduates and postgraduates who are 13yrs and above residing in ALUU community while those who did not give consent were excluded. The data was collected using self-structured close-ended self-administered questionnaires and data analysis done using SPSS version 25. Results and Discussions: The results of the study showed that 98.67% have knowledge of drug abuse, the knowledge of health and social effects of substances of abuse on humans was 96.67%. The most prevalent health/social effects were: memory loss 74.67%, sleeping and eating disorders 67.33%. The results of the study have shown that more than 2/3rd of the participants had good knowledge of drug abuse. Similarly, more than 2/3rd of the participants heard about drug/substance abuse via the mass media. The most abused drug/substance was alcohol, 9 in 10 persons abused alcohol. This goes on to imply that the chance that a student who is resident in Aluu abuses alcohol is 90%. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that 98.67% have knowledge of drug abuse, the knowledge of health and social effects of substances of abuse on humans was 96.67%. The most prevalent health/social effects were: memory loss 74.67%, sleeping and eating disorders 67.33%. Peer group, neighbourhood influence, and ‘the only child syndrome’ were the attributed contributing factors to the continual use of alcohol/drugs, even when the health and social effects are well known.

Parasites are live organism that lives in a host to obtain the nutrients for their survival. Parasitic infections are commonly as seen in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These parasitic infections can be caused by protozoa, helminths and ectoparasites. However, the knowledge of parasitic infections could vary among the adults in urban or semi urban areas where parasitic infections are rare among them. This study was conducted to detect the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of parasite infection among adults in Selangor. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire. Around 59 participants from Selangor district in the age group of 21 to 60 years responded to the questionnaire. The results of this research was analysed by Google Docs software. According to the result obtained, the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of adults towards parasite infection is highly satisfactory. As majority of participants (76.3%, n=45) are familiar with the symptom of intestinal parasitic infection, majority of contributors (93.2%, n=55) practice the correct way in processing the meat by cooking the meat thoroughly, and some of the participants (14.9%, n=9) were aware of malaria as the high risk of being contagious in Selangor district. The level of knowledge, awareness and practice of parasite infection among adults in Selangor is adequately high. However, it is still necessary for these populations to get more exposed the information on parasite infection.

Medication adherence is that the degree to which the person's behaviour corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider. Knowledge and the awareness concerning the hypertension and the antihypertensive medications have an important role within the medication adherence, lack of this can have negative impact on the medication adherence. The assessment of medication adherence in the study was meted out by using morisky scale. It’s a cross sectional study conducted in 150 individuals in Kankanady, Valachil, Valencia, Jeppu, Padil of Mangalore in Karnataka. Patient data collection forms were used to collect the information. Present study reflected that patients had knowledge regarding normal BP, symptoms and complications, however majority thinks hypertension can be curable. A positive attitude and practice were observed among the patients apart from practice of normal exercise. Analysing the data using MAMS-8 scale, study showed only 11.3% of the population were found to be high adherent that shows the decrease in the adherence rates. 34% had moderate adherence and the remaining 54% were low adherent. Assessment of data suggests that majority lack complete information about hypertension and its management. The study results revealed that hypertension related knowledge, awareness and practice plays a serious role in improving medication adherence. Keywords: Medication adherence, Hypertension, Knowledge, Awareness, Morisky scale.

Aim. In this study, the aim is to evaluate the knowledge level about hepatitis B (HBV) of the students receivingeducation in vocational school of health services, who are a risky group for HBV infection, and toexamine their awareness and immune status.Material and methods. The data of this research was collected by a questionnaire prepared by the researcher.The sample in the study consisted of 537 (81.4%) students. The data were evaluated using theSPSS 16.0 package program. Frequency, percentage, Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test wasused in the analyzation of the data.Outcomes and conclusions. It was determined that the students who participated in the research didnot show sufficient sensitivity to get vaccinated against HBV and to know their serological status. It wasalso identified that they had a lack of knowledge and/or did not have clear information about the modes oftransmission of HBV, its treatment, and that HBV may cause cirrhosis. The results of this research will guidestudents in the trainings to be given in order to raise their awareness on this subject and to ensure that theyare immunized before they start working and have practical training in the field of healthcare.

Background: Considering the gravity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its potential to unfold within the dental workplace or institutions, a shift from traditional dental practice to a newer method is needed. Teledentistry is widely being practiced in this pandemic era for the diagnosis and to give instructions to the patients. Hence, an attempt has been made to explore the knowledge, attitude, and awareness of practicing orthodontists regarding the usage of teledentistry during COVID lockdown, in Kerala. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done on about 150 orthodontic professionals. A pretested, self-organized, close-ended survey was managed through online stages that comprised of 15 questions. The information gathered was assembled in a systematic way and investigated regarding recurrence and Chi-square test was utilized for the examination of frequencies. Results: It was observed that 93.3% orthodontic practitioners had knowledge regarding teledentistry and a positive attitude toward teledentistry was shown by younger age group practitioners and those who were working in institutions (P < 0.05). 77.3% believed that teledentistry can save dentist's time and 71.3% responded that the new technology can be helpful in reducing the cost of treatment for patients. Conclusion: The knowledge, awareness, and attitudes were discovered to be acceptable among the orthodontic practitioners. Younger practitioners had more positive attitude toward teledentistry, and there was an overall positive attitude for using teledentistry as a temporary alternate for direct patient contact in COVID-19 pandemic time.

Prosthodontics is concerned with the design, manufacture and fitting of artificial replacements for teeth and other parts of the mouth. Prosthodontic treatment involves the replacement of missing teeth by means of removable or fixed partial denture, implants, complete dentures, or over dentures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, perception, awareness and attitude of the medical students towards Prosthodontic treatment. A cross-sectional, Questionnaire based study was conducted among Medical students, covering various Medical colleges in Jeddah city. The study population was selected using cluster random sampling. Altogether 151 undergraduate medical students throughout Jeddah city participated in this study. The data was collected, compiled, and statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and Chi-square test, t-test, and ANOVA. was performed A total of 151 participants, out of which there were 88 female participants (58.3%) and 63 male participants (41.7%), completed and returned the questionnaire. 134 participants (88.7%) were aware that missing teeth could be replaced and 17 participants (11.3%) were unaware. 93 participants (61.6%) felt implant Supported Prosthesis is a better Option for replacement of missing teeth and 58 participants (38.4%) did not feel so. 75 participants (49.7%) chose fixed partial denture as an option for replacement of missing teeth whereas 76 participants (50.3%) opted for removable partial denture. 64 participants (42.4%) had fear of prosthodontic replacement and 87 participants (57.6%) had no fear. Within the limitations of this study, following conclusions were drawn: Majority of the medical students was aware that missing teeth could be replaced. Most of them thought Implant supported prosthesis would be a better option for replacing missing teeth. Equal number of participants opted for fixed prosthesis. The most important finding of this study was that majority of the participants showed a lack of knowledge regarding oral hygiene measures with dental prosthesis.

Background and objective: Osteoporosis is among the top five conditions causing disability and prolonged hospital stay; however, it is still underestimated worldwide, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and preventive practice in Erbil city toward this global disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 395 premenopausal women aged ≥25 years and ≤ 49 years old, who were recruited by simple random sampling throughout three months from the first of October to December 2015. A questionnaire was completed through a direct interview, which consisted of four parts, including questions about knowledge, attitude, practice, and demographic questions. The statistical package for the social sciences was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35 ± 8.24 years. Almost half of them did not hear about osteoporosis before. The identification of risk factors by participants was poor. Out of 395 of the participants, 92.9% had no knowledge about the diagnosis of this disease. Approximately half of the participants believed that there is no way to prevent osteoporosis. Regarding practice scoring to prevent the disease, the total score (mean) was 2.9 out of a maximum of 12, which is very low, especially among females aged 25-29 years. Conclusion: The majority of premenopausal women in Erbil city had little knowledge of osteoporosis, however unaware of osteoporosis risk factors and poor preventive practice regarding prevention. Keywords: Osteoporosis; Knowledge; Premenopause; Disability; Iraq.

Bayesian game theory investigates strategic interaction of players with full awareness but incomplete information about their environment. We extend the analysis to players with incomplete awareness, who might not be able to reason about all contingencies in the first place. We develop three logical systems for knowledge, probabilistic beliefs and awareness, and characterize their axiom systems. Bayesian equilibrium is extended to games with incomplete awareness and we show that it is consistent with common prior and speculative trade, when common knowledge of rationality is violated.

Objective The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, awareness, attitude, and opinion concerning dental stem cells among faculty, postgraduates, and interns in a dental school. Materials and Methods A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions was circulated among the 150 participants (50 faculty, 50 postgraduate students, and 50 interns). A questionnaire was prepared that could assess the basic knowledge on stem cells (dental) based on similar previous studies. The questionnaire data were entered by the investigator in Microsoft Excel 2010 on a corresponding day. Using Predictive Analytics Tools (Version 18), the analysis was done. Probability ratios by Pearson were used to analyze the application of knowledge, perception regarding stem cells. Results The survey participants consisted of ~73% of females and 27% of males. Most of the participants have come across the term stem cells and thought that only pulp stem cells signified the only source of dental stem cells. The majority of the participants pointed out the anticipated high cost to be the biggest obstacle to a patient accepting regenerative dental treatment by stem cells. Conclusion This study reveals a good level of knowledge among dental professionals, and it also showed the need to develop more awareness about the advancements in applications and banking.

Background: The establishment of a Youth Friendly Centre (YFC) is to ensure that the reproductive and sexual health needs of young people are adequately met. However, data have shown that a number of them are not even aware of such Centres in their vicinities or the services they offer, how much more utilize them. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the level of HIV knowledge, awareness, and utilization of Youth Friendly Services (YFS) among undergraduates in Rivers State University, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 520 students were given structured self-administered questionnaire which had been validated and pretested. Four hundred and forty-six questionnaires were returned properly filled. Information regarding knowledge of Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), awareness, and utilization of Youth Friendly Services were obtained from the students. Results: Two hundred and nineteen (49.1%) of the students indicated HIV had no cure, while 73(16.4%) reported that there was a cure and 154 (34.5%) specified they were uncertain. The female respondents had a better knowledge compared to their male counterparts. The respondents exhibited a high knowledge of HIV preventive measures with the majority 357 (80%) indicating that abstinence was the best means. All the students agreed that everyone was at risk of HIV if they engaged in risky behaviors. In spite of this good knowledge on HIV, only 112 (25.1%) of the students were aware of a YFCs on campus. Conclusion: The high knowledge level of HIV exhibited by the students did not translate to the awareness and utilization of the YFS. There is still so much to be done by health workers and the university committee if the students are to be encouraged to use the services offered at the Centre.

Background: Current undergraduate medical academic curriculum does not emphasize on evaluation and management of dementia. The knowledge and attitude of medical students towards patients with dementia in India has not been ascertained previously. Objective: We aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of final year medical students about dementia and Alzheimer's disease. We also aimed to assess if a dedicated sensitization cum teaching session by a group of interns doctors guided by a neurologist could help improve students’ knowledge and awareness towards dementia or not. Methods and Materials: 82 consenting final year medical students answered questionnaires of Alzheimer Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS) at a baseline level. A sensitization cum teaching session by intern doctors was conducted to enhance students’ knowledge about dementia. A post sensitization reassessment of students was done to assess impact of the session. Results: The ADKS score was 57% at baseline which was increased to 71% post sensitization program. The mean DAS score was 3.2 at baseline which was reported to be 3.4 after sensitization program. Students reported significant improvement in their knowledge level but did not show the same improvement in their attitude and comfort level in caring for dementia after the sensitization program. Students were still not comfortable dealing with patients with dementia. Conclusion: Medical students lack significant knowledge and training about dementia. Patient contact and practical training for basic assessment and care of dementia needs to be incorporated in the current academic curriculum. Dedicated sensitization sessions on dementia care can help improve the gap. Practical exposure to management of patients with dementia would be required to enhance the comfort level and attitude of students towards dementia.

Objectives: The objectives of the study are to evaluate the medical students' knowledge, awareness, and attitude of genetics and genetic testing in general and premarital screening (PMS) in particular. Materials and Methods: An online predesigned, validated, and self-administered questionnaire was dispensed to all medical students of our university. This included questions regarding sociodemographic data, genetics, genetic testing, and PMS. Results: A total of 302 students responded to the survey with a mean age of 21.68 ± 2.32 (standard deviation) of which 38.7% were males and 61.3% were females. 51 (16.9%) students were from Phase I, 124 (41.1%) from Phase II, 127 (42.1%) from Phase III of College of Medicine KSAU-HS, Jeddah Campus. 224 (74.2%) of the participants had no direct relationship between the parents and 23 (7.6%) had personal history of hereditary disease. About 86.1% of students knew that genetic counseling is available in the Kingdom and 83.4% were familiar with PMS. Majority of students (female = 83.2%; male = 84.6%) did perceive that consanguinity can increase the chance of hereditary diseases. Overwhelming majority (female = 94.1%; male = 85.4%) agreed to make PMS obligatory before marriage, 87.4% of which were Phase III students. However, only a minority of students disagreed with marriage to be allowed even if the result of PMS came incompatible and most agreed to carrying out PMS which contrasts what others have reported. Conclusions: Majority of students had a positive attitude toward PMS, much higher than previously reported, thereby reflecting upon the importance of medical education as a lynchpin between the knowledge and practice.

Background: In an underdeveloped country like India where there are varied constraints in accessing healthcare, telemedicine can prove to be instrumental in providing access to the scant medical resources and infrastructures. The irony lies in its underutilization, which is multifactorial. Objective: The present research was planned to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward telemedicine among the faculty members of tertiary-care teaching centers in Chhattisgarh, India. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect appropriate data, which were utilized for analysis as well as various intergroup analyses (among different designations, age groups, sex, and worksite). The data have been presented as median and percentage, while for intergroup comparison Mann-Whitney Test was performed. Results: Among the 115 respondents, only 34% were females. The mean age was around 40.7 years, and 58% were

In the recent years dengue fever has become global public health concern as there has a dramatic increase of cases of dengue in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and rural areas. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 347 participants to ascertain the knowledge, awareness and practices on dengue fever in rural (n=196) and urban (n=151) communities of the Sylhet division, Bangladesh. Mosquito bite as mode of spread (61.22%, 82.12%), Aedes mosquito as the vector (40.83%, 64.52%), day as biting time (40.83%, 64.52%), stagnant water as breeding place (58.16%, 74.83%) and removal of water stagnation as eliminations of breeding place (40.31%, 64.90%) was mainly reported by study participants respectively in rural and urban communities. Fever (53.7%, 68.27%) was identified as a leading symptom of dengue fever. Using of bed nets (61.73%) was a conjoint recognition in rural whereas window screen (40.40%) in urban as effective measures for controlling mosquito bite. Besides preventive measures like use of bed nets (47.96%, 27.81%), window screen (7.14%, 48.34%) and for control measures removal of water stagnation (31.12%, 58.94%) was mostly utilized method in both settings. The awareness on dengue fever found good in both rural and urban communities but knowledge and preventive practices were considerably low which is predominant in rural. It could be improved through increase community participation and educational campaigns.

The importance of Marginal adaptation of fixed prosthodontics is to assess the smallest number of gap measurement on margins of single Crowns to get relevant results for gap analysis. Factors affecting marginal adaptation of fixed prosthodontics include the type of finish line, the material used for impression, the luting cement and other factors include the method of fabrication. The aim is to assess the knowledge and attitude towards the marginal fit in fixed partial denture among the undergraduate and its application in their day-to-day practice. A cross sectional study was conducted online with a pre-structured questionnaire containing 10 questions among the 100 undergraduates. Persistent data was extracted and analysed. Nearly 93.9% of the surveyed population chose putty with a light body as the choice of impression material. 99% of the population agreed the necessity of gingival retraction which dictates the outcome of the treatment. Majority chose Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) as the best luting cement that accounted for the majority for retention. The knowledge, awareness level, and their application in clinical practice showed significant variation. Within the limits of this study, the highest predominance of impression material to record the best of the preparation is by the use of putty with light body, 99% of the students opted for gingival cord playing a major role in marginal fit of fixed partial dentures. These were assessed along with other factors that might affect the accuracy of marginal fit and also the consequence of an improper fit was assessed.