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The first industrial revolution was the invention of the steam engine. With the advent of conveyor belts and electricity, the second industrial revolution arose. After the third revolution, the automation, the fourth industrial revolution takes place with the complete networking of all machines, workers, consumers, and products. In Germany, this is called Industry 4.0. Increasing digitization makes it possible to collect, store, analyze, and communicate large amounts of data. By digitizing farms, a network of different sensors can analyze the nutrient content and the soil texture in real time. This information can be evaluated and the plant distribution can be managed across all networked farms. This leads to the right field being used for the right plant at the right time. Real-time data processing makes it possible to monitor and control the nutrient intake over the entire growth period. This allows the field to specifically ask for water or the right fertilizer for its plants. This saves resources and protects the environment. All the prepared information can give the farmer an exact status about his products and fields via an interface. This horizontal networking within the farm and the vertical networking across different farms can lead to increased efficiency and cheaper products. The use of robots can create a fully automatic farm. For this undertaking, it is necessary to process the complex information of a farm with a self-learning system. At the Westcoast University of Applied Science, for example, a robot is being researched to automatically remove the weeds. The prototype of the robot that moves fully autonomously across the field classifies the plants and destroys the weeds.

Fossils of juvenile Mesozoic birds provide insight into the early evolution of avian development, however such fossils are rare. The analysis of the ossification sequence in these early-branching birds has the potential to address important questions about their comparative developmental biology and to help understand their morphological evolution and ecological differentiation. Here we report on an early juvenile enantiornithine specimen from the Early Cretaceous of Europe, which sheds new light on the osteogenesis in this most species-rich clade of Mesozoic birds. Consisting of a nearly complete skeleton, it is amongst the smallest known Mesozoic avian fossils representing post-hatching stages of development. Comparisons between this new specimen and other known early juvenile enantiornithines support a clade-wide asynchronous pattern of osteogenesis in the sternum and the vertebral column, and strongly indicate that the hatchlings of these phylogenetically basal birds varied greatly in size and tempo of skeletal maturation.

High-technology accidents are likely to occur under a complex interaction of multiple active failures and latent conditions, and recent major accidents investigations are increasingly highlighting the role of human error or human-related factors as significant contributors. Latent conditions might have long incubation periods, which implies that a number of design failures may be embedded in systems until human errors trigger an accident sequence. Consequently, there is a need to scrutinise the relationship between enduring design deficiencies and human erroneous actions as a conceivable way to minimise accidents. This study will tackle this complex problem by applying an artificial neural network approach to a proprietary multi-attribute accident dataset, in order to disclose multidimensional relationships between human errors and design failures. Clustering and data mining results are interpreted to offer further insight into the latent conditions embedded in design. Implications to support the development of design failure prevention schemes are then discussed.

International audience

The Cerro de los Batallones (Los Batallones Butte) is located in the central-northern area of the Madrid Basin, central Spain. Nine vertebrates localities containing a large variety of mammals of Upper Vallesian Age (Late Miocene) have been found associated with the sediments forming the butte. From bottom to top, these sediments consist of magnesian lutite beds (Unit I), paleosols formed of sepiolite and opal (Unit II), and siliclastic, marlstone and carbonate beds (Unit III). The set of ERT profiles developed in Los Batallones Butte have demonstrate that electrical imaging techniques are an estimable tool for the characterization and prospecting of fossil sites developed in fine-grained siliciclastic sequences. These localities contain an exceptionally rich, varied and well-preserved vertebrate fauna together with invertebrate and plant fossils. Carnivore species are strikingly well represented at Batallones 1 and 3, and large herbivore species, such as mastodons, rhinoceros and giraffes, at Batallones 2, 4, 5 and 10. The taphonomical studies, together with the morphological features shown by the sedimentary fills of the mammal localities, permit an overall interpretation of these deposits as vertebrate traps. The study of these localities should offer a significant contribution to our understanding of the formation pattern of trap-like paleontological sites - which so far have been typically reported in karstic-type systems -, as well as an important source of paleobiological information about numerous vertebrate groups.

12 pages, 5 figures, 2 appendices.-- Full-text paper available Open Access at: http://ornithischia.googlepages.com/Barrettetal.-Hexinlusaurus.pdf, Three taxa of small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs have been described from the Middle Jurassic (Lower Shaximiao Formation: ?Bajocian) locality of Dashanpu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China. The taxonomy of these animals (Yandusaurus multidens, Xiaosaurus dashanpensis, and Agilisaurus louderbacki) has become highly confused, with many conflicting opinions regarding the validity of each species and the possible synonymies that might exist between them and other ornithischian taxa from both China and North America. Following re-examination of the relevant material, we propose that all three of the Dashanpu small ornithischians represent valid taxa, each of which can be diagnosed on the basis of at least one autapomorphy. In addition, these taxa can be distinguished from each other by a large number of cranial, dental, and postcranial character states. We demonstrate that ‘Yandusaurus’ multidens is not congeneric with either Y. hongheensis or any other taxon, and therefore propose the new generic name Hexinlusaurus for the reception of the species ‘Y.’ multidens. Consideration of the character states present in Hexinlusaurus, Agilisaurus, and Xiaosaurus shows that these taxa are not basal euornithopods (‘hypsilophodontids’), as had been suggested by the majority of previous authors, but represent more basal ornithischians. Hexinlusaurus and Agilisaurus can be regarded as Genasauria incertae sedis, whereas Xiaosaurus can only be recognized as Ornithischia incertae sedis on the basis of current data., For access to material in their care, and their excellent hospitality, PMB and RJB would like to thank Ouyang Hui and Peng Guangzhao (ZDM) and He Xin-Lu and Li Kui (GCC). Helpful reviews of an earlier draft of this paper were received from Xu Xing, D. B. Weishampel, and an anonymous referee. Travel to Zigong was supported by grants from the Royal Society of London (to PMB), The Jurassic Foundation (to PMB, RJB), the Cambridge Philosophical Society (to PMB), Emmanuel College, Cambridge (to RJB), and the Chancellerie des Universités de Paris (FK).

Seventh Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering: 05 June 1995, Montréal, Quebec