Search

At a time of growing epidemic hazards caused by a very rapid evolution of dangerous pathogens, there is a pressing demand for bioactive textiles. Therefore, the development of high-quality knitted structures that could be used as bioactive protective materials has become a priority. This publication describes the fabrication of functional knitted structures from previously prepared antibacterial cellulose fibers containing nanosilica with immobilized silver nanoparticles. The structural and physical parameters of knitted fabrics made from them were studied with a view to their potential application in bioactive protective gloves. Tests of the basic structural and physical parameters of the knitted fabrics did not show that the nanomodifier applied in fibers significantly impacts the physical properties of the resulting fabrics. Moreover, water vapor permeability, cut resistance, and pH test results relevant to the functional and protective properties of interest and to user comfort showed that the obtained fabrics can be used in the production of bioactive protective gloves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal comfort characteristics of polyester and cotton fibres blends (100:0, 50:50 and 0:100) having in four different structures, such as single jersey, cross tuck, cross miss and twill, at two different loop lengths (0.29 cm and 0.32 cm) have been studied. The results evidently prove that the knitted fabrics made from 100% polyester show better thermal comfort properties, possessing an appreciable comfort level; hence they are applicable for active sportswear textiles. The structure and the loop length of the fabric influence the thermal property to a greater extent. The fabric knitted from 100% polyester with a cross-miss structure on a loop length of 0.32 cm shows an excellent thermal comfort characteristic as compared to other samples due to its suitable thermal conduction behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on enhancing ultra-violet protection and reducing electrostatic charge in fabric manufacturing, particularly in response to global climate changes, by blending cellulose yarns (bamboo and cotton) with trilobal polyester microfiber yarn. Topics discussed include the impact of different knitted structures (single jersey and fleece), with bamboo showing preferable performance in mitigating electrostatic charge and improving ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) properties.

Resistance to ultraviolet radiation and electrostatic charge is a basic property that must be considered in the manufacture of fabrics, particularly in light of the climate changes affecting people around the world in various regions, especially in subtropical and tropical regions. It has thus become necessary to focus on the use of different natural fibres to mitigate UV transitions and the formation of electrostatic charges. The aim of this research was to enhance the protection of the ultraviolet effect and reduce electrostatic charge formation by blending cellulose yarns (bamboo and cotton) with trilobal polyester microfiber yarn that has characteristics such as lightweight, low-thickness, high strength, and shine. Knitted samples were produced from two different structures according to their tightness factor (single jersey and fleece structures), the various functional properties of the produced fabrics, such as mass per unit area, thickness, air and water permeability, and bursting strength, were tested. The properties of electrostatic charge and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) were also determined. The findings indicate that the samples produced with bamboo resulted in a preferable performance with different structures, especially when considering electrostatic charge and UPF properties. Moreover, the fleece structure had a more significant effect on knitted samples’ behaviour than the single jersey (plain) structure.

At a time of growing epidemic hazards caused by a very rapid evolution of dangerous pathogens, there is a pressing demand for bioactive textiles. Therefore, the development of high-quality knitted structures that could be used as bioactive protective materials has become a priority. This publication describes the fabrication of functional knitted structures from previously prepared antibacterial cellulose fibers containing nanosilica with immobilized silver nanoparticles. The structural and physical parameters of knitted fabrics made from them were studied with a view to their potential application in bioactive protective gloves. Tests of the basic structural and physical parameters of the knitted fabrics did not show that the nanomodifier applied in fibers significantly impacts the physical properties of the resulting fabrics. Moreover, water vapor permeability, cut resistance, and pH test results relevant to the functional and protective properties of interest and to user comfort showed that the obtained fabrics can be used in the production of bioactive protective gloves.

This research paper investigates the impact of physiological properties and end-use conditions of heat-resistant protective work wear on the wear comfort response. In this paper, material features and test methods are screened to obtain weft knitted fabric characteristics that explain wear comfort effectively. physiological and moisture properties including liquid moisture transfer properties are assessed for Single jersey 100℅ cotton, 50/50 cotton/polyester, Rib structures 100℅ cotton, 50/50 cotton/polyester and Interlock structures with 100℅ cotton and 50/50 cotton/polyester weft knitted structures with a constant loop length and machine parameters. Six heat resistant work wear materials with different fiber content, yarn property, knitted type and functional finishes. Based on the thermo physical values, small differences among the test garments are predicted. Measured moisture properties, attained from fabric mechanical, surface and liquid moisture management properties, provide more distinctive comparisons. The remaining moisture is calculated from the vaporized and total driven water to forecast the feeling of wetness after sweating. Results from surface roughness, contact area and wet cling analysis show that softer yarns, finer fibers and single jersey, rib and interlock produce measurably smoother fabrics with small contact. And the effects of hydrophilic fiber blending and wicking finishes on the moisture management properties are also examined. These results are discussed in relation to the wear comfort response in variable conditions of physical activity and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile structures such as knitting, weaving, braiding, and nonwoven can be used to produce wearable heating pads. Knitted fabric has unique properties such as stretchability, flexibility, and comfort among these textile structures. However, traditional knitted heating pads are manufactured by employing a straightforward three-structure design comprised of a plain, rib, and interlock with yarn that is entirely conductive. The usage of fully conductive materials in industrial applications has been restricted primarily as a result of their more expensive price tag and higher power requirements. Herein, we reported a rib (knitting structure)-based wearable heater with localized conductive yarn. A 14-gauge V-bed knitting machine is used to prepare a localized heating pad with a slight variation in the loop length. The rib-knitted structure (R1) with the lowest loop length showed a 47.4 °C average surface temperature at 9 Volt DC power source. The laboratory-based prototype of the heating pad is also designed for alleviation of joint and muscle pain in the affected area of the body.

For to adjust the heat, body removes heat. Depending on physical effort, it gives more or less moisture. Moisture removed from the body should be taken from the skin and directed outwards through clothing. This can be due to moisture absorption ability, and because of the capillary effect. This study is a part of a very extensive work on the influence of characteristics and raw materials, knitted structure and density on comfort properties of socks. If a high level of perspiration, moisture liquid, it is important that it be removed as quickly from skin and clothing led outside. From here can evaporate into the environment. This is achieved through the capillary effect of fabrics that may effectively transport moisture. Storage capacity and moisture transfer of a textile depends on the composition and structure. In laboratory conditions, methods for assessing the behavior of textiles against moisture is applied differentially depending on the state humidity: vapor or liquid. With this method of determining the capacity of absorbing water by capillary action, samples have dimensions of 200/200 mm and at one end is immersed in water. The samples knit were made in two versions of the fineness machine.

The functional clothing represents a sustainable development direction of in the field of technical textiles, a bridge between various activity domains, a solution to user’s complex requirements. The research and development potential in the field is supported by the new fibers/ yarns generation, the new technologies and the market niches, as well. Protective clothing is now a major part of textile classified under technical textile. Protective clothing refers to the garment and other fabric related items designed to protect the wearer from harsh environmental effects that results in injuries or death. The innovation, as a result of convergence processing technologies, consumer demands and what is viable on the market, defines the personal protective equipment field. In this article, we present the work of an ESD protective clothing development. Therefore, it has been applied a modern knitting technology, on 7E and 12E STOLL machines, using cotton and wool yarns as base yarn and conductive yarns for plaiting structures. Also, the optimal parameters establishment and the functional requirements are aspects of the research activity performed. The experimental models have been conducted in order to demonstrate the design concept used and choosing the optimal variant. The characterization of the developed experimental variants took into account the evaluation of physico-mechanical and electrical characteristics. From the electrical point of view, the variants have been mainly evaluated through “point to point” method in terms of electrical isolation efficiency dimensional changes analysis.

Self-sensing soft robotics that mimic the proprioception and exteroception abilities of natural biological systems have shown great potential in challenging applications. However, current add-on strategies that simply combine sensors with actuators by post processing generally suffer from poor compatibility in mechanical properties, interfacing problems, complex manufacturing, and high cost. Herein, we present knitted soft robotics with build-in textile-integrated multimodal sensors, where the knit structure is used not only as a physical actuating layer but also as a sensing functional component. Based on different knit-stitch arrangements, an all-in-one knitted electronic skin with functions of neurons, sensing, and actuation in a single knit-structured fabric layer is constructed. The knitted electronic skin is then integrated into knitted soft robotics, enabling a proprioceptive sense of actuation deformation and an exteroceptive perception of ambient stimuli with minimized interferences for actuation. In addition, the tuck stitches serve as an anisotropic strain-limiting layer to increase the actuating energy efficiency, which resolves the key conflict of softness and volumetric power density in soft actuators. This design strategy provides a convenient, low-cost, and customized method to bring about structural and functional integrability into soft actuators, greatly extending the adaptability of current soft robotics for real-world applications.

Recently, more and more researchers have focused on electrical textiles that can provide or convert energy to facilitate people’s lives. Knitting conductive yarns into ordinary fabrics is a common way for electrical textiles to transmit heat or electrical signals to humans. This paper is aimed at studying the resistance values and temperatures of electrothermal knitted conductive fabric (EKCF) subjected to certain voltages over time. Six types of EKCFs with structural differences were fabricated using a computerized flat knitting machine with intarsia technology. Uniform samples 10 × 10 cm in size were made from wool, as were two different specifications of silver-coated conductive yarns. The wool yarn and one silver-coated yarn were mixed to knit a resistance area 2 × 2 cm in size in the center of the EKCF to observe heating behaviors. The experiment results showed that when the EKCFs were subjected to certain voltages over time, the resistance values of the resistance area increased over a short time and then gradually decreased, and the temperature gradually increased in the first 1000 s and tended toward stability after a certain period of time. The structural coefficient κ between different knitted structures (which predicted the thermal properties of different EKCFs subjected to different voltages) was analyzed. These results are of great significance for predicting the electrothermal performance of EKCFs with different knitted structures. On the basis of these results, an optimized knitted structure was selected as the best EKCF for wearable textiles, and the findings contribute to the field of technological and intelligent electrothermal garments and related products.

The article presents the results of measurements of pressure exerted by two model knitted products -- bands with different structure (WI jersey weft-knitted fabric and WII openwork warp-knitted fabric). The tests were carried out with using the I-Scan system (in vivo and in vitro tests) and the STM 579 device (in vitro test). A comparative analysis of the in vivo and in vitro results for the I-Scan method and in vitro results for the I-Scan and STM 579 method was performed. It was found that the pressure values are lower for openwork warp-knitted fabric than for jersey weft- knitted fabric both in the case of the in vitro and in vivo tests, and the values of pressure for the same band are higher in the case of the in vitro tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable fabrics have diverse applications ranging from casual apparel to performance sportswear and compression therapy. Compression therapy is the universally accepted treatment for the management of hypertrophic scarring after severe burns. Mostly stretchable knitted fabrics are used in compression therapy; but in the recent past, some studies have also been found on bi-stretch woven fabrics being used as compression garments as they also have been found quite effective in the treatment of edema. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to compare the compression properties of stretchable knitted and bi-stretch woven fabrics for compression garments. For this purpose, four woven structures and four knitted structures were produced having same areal density and their compression, comfort and mechanical properties were compared before and after 5, 10 and 15 washes. The four knitted structures used were single jersey, single locaste, plain pique and honeycomb, whereas the four woven structures produced were 1/1 plain, 2/1 twill, 3/1 twill and 4/1 twill. The compression properties of the produced samples were tested by using kikuhime pressure sensor and it was found that bi-stretch woven fabrics possessed better compression properties before and after washes and retain their durability after repeated use, whereas knitted stretchable fabrics lost their compression ability after repeated use and the required sub-garment pressure of the knitted structures after 15 washes was almost half that of woven bi-stretch fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capabilities of the I-SCAN (TekScan) system for pressure measurements were tested in in vivo and in vitro condition using hosiery articles at a pressure of 18-21mmHg, as declared by the manufacturers. For two types of knee-length socks with the same structure and slight difference in composition (polyamide/elastomer 78/22% and 64/36%) the pressure was measured on the ankle and calf in four positions (1-front, 2-inner side, 3-back, 4-outer side). The highest pressure values were found for the 1-front position and the lowest for the 2-inner side position. It was shown that there is a correlation between the in vivo and in vitro tests. The I-SCAN method allows to take measurements in various place and to create maps of the pressure distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For to adjust the heat, body removes heat. Depending on physical effort, it gives more or less moisture. Moisture removed from the body should be taken from the skin and directed outwards through clothing. This can be due to moisture absorption ability, and because of the capillary effect. This study is a part of a very extensive work on the influence of characteristics and raw materials, knitted structure and density on comfort properties of socks. If a high level of perspiration, moisture liquid, it is important that it be removed as quickly from skin and clothing led outside. From here can evaporate into the environment. This is achieved through the capillary effect of fabrics that may effectively transport moisture. Storage capacity and moisture transfer of a textile depends on the composition and structure. In laboratory conditions, methods for assessing the behavior of textiles against moisture is applied differentially depending on the state humidity: vapor or liquid. With this method of determining the capacity of absorbing water by capillary action, samples have dimensions of 200/200 mm and at one end is immersed in water. The samples knit were made in two versions of the fineness machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tekstil: Journal of Textile & Clothing Technology is the property of Croatian Association of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wearable textile-based stretch sensors for health-care monitoring allow physiological and medical evaluation without interfering in the daily routine of the patient. In our previous work, we successfully coated viscose and polyester (PES) fibers with the conjugated polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. In the present paper we report the possibility of producing a large quantity of PEDOT-coated conductive fibers with acceptable mechanical strength and frictional properties, so that knitted stretch sensors can be produced. In utilizing these knitted structures we have demonstrated the possibility of producing a textile-based monitoring device which is more readily integrated into wearable clothing than the previous metal-containing structures. The performance of viscose and PES knitted structures as stretch sensors has been investigated using a cyclic tester of our own design. For imitation of respiratory and joint movement, the variation in electrical properties of the knitted structures was examined at 5 to 50% elongation, and the performance of knitted viscose and PES structures was then compared on the basis of the cyclic testing results. In order to determine the effect of washing on PEDOT coatings and the knitted structures, two washing cycles were performed. After washing, the persistence of PEDOT coating on knitted structures was investigated using FT–IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. In the case of PES fiber, it was revealed that stretch sensing behavior persisted even after the washing cycles. These structures thus have the potential to be utilized in medical textiles for monitoring the physiological activities of patients, such as breathing rate and joint movement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between different knitted structures and some thermo-physiological comfort parameters. Wetting, wicking and drying properties of single jersey, 1 × 1 rib, 2 × 2 rib and interlock knitted fabrics made out of acrylic yarns were studied and experimental wicking height, wicking weight, transfer wicking ratio, contact angle and WER (water evaporation rate) values were measured. Samples were produced in two different tightness values to obtain slack and tight fabrics for all structures. Some comfort-related parameters were correlated with structural parameters of fabrics such as fabric tightness factor, thickness, porosity, loop length and pore size etc. The statistical analysis results indicate that the effect of the knitted structure is significant for wicking height, wicking weight, contact angle values, transfer wicking ratios and WER values. Wicking height increases depending on knitted structures namely, single jersey, 1 × 1 rib, interlock and 2 × 2 rib, respectively. Slack fabrics have longer loop lengths with higher porosity values and higher pore sizes for all knitted structures. Slack structures of 2 × 2 rib, 1 × 1 rib, interlock and single jersey knits have higher transfer wicking ratios when compared with their tight structures. WER is inversely related with fabric thickness. It decreased with an increase of thickness due to increase of compactness and decrease of air space. All tight knitted structures have higher contact angles than their slack forms due to compactness of the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper mainly analysized and studied the design of ripple flower pattern. From the aspect of technology, we summarized some knitted structures such as obverse and reverse stitch structure, raised line structure, racked rib structure, jacquard structure, tuck structure, loop transfer structure, float structure, intarsia and other special structures. In addition, we also described the means and technology to achieve ripple pattern with the structures and developed some new products with STOLL computerized flat knitting machine. Based on technology, we obtained ripple pattern effect by technology changes. It meaned to widen the space of sweater design and enriched art expressive force of sweater texture in order to provide wider inspiration origin and creation idea to sweater designer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the creation of and tests performed on knit structures of three types (left-right stitch (I), double-layer (II), and double-layer with additional fillings (III)), which contain ferromagnetic materials and electroconductive materials and are designed for individual protection against occupational hazard. The ferromagnetic material is composed of two bunches of twisted filaments of ferromagnetic stainless steel made by Bekaert, Belgium, and the electroconductive material is a thread made of cotton and copper wire covered by silver made by Swiss Shield® yarns, Switzerland. Both the ferromagnetic and electroconductive materials form a hybrid yarn. Shielding effectiveness (SE) tests on knit structures were performed by the Central Institute for Labour Protection -- National Research Institute, Poland and by the Institute of Architecture of Textiles, Poland. Analysis of the structures indicates a SE from both the electrical field and magnetical field in some narrow ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the research undertaken at the University of Minho aiming to study the behaviour of 3D weft-knitted structures using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires and elastomeric yarns, in order to produce dynamic, structures as a support to answer specific situations and applications. Several samples were produced using Nitinol® wires in different diameters and loop types. The Tensile tests were carried out being based to NP EN ISO 2062 : 1993 standards, using a H100KS Hounsfield Universal Testing Instrument. The results showed that The 50 µm wire showed to be too thin to this propose; moreover, The 210 µm NiTi wire showed to be hard to process on the knitting machine due to its high stiffness; The 127 µm NiTi wire showed to be the best among them, due to the process and energy absorption ratio. Finally, for both NiTi wires in different diameters studied, tuck loop showed to have the highest energy absorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, more and more researchers have focused on electrical textiles that can provide or convert energy to facilitate people's lives. Knitting conductive yarns into ordinary fabrics is a common way for electrical textiles to transmit heat or electrical signals to humans. This paper is aimed at studying the resistance values and temperatures of electrothermal knitted conductive fabric (EKCF) subjected to certain voltages over time. Six types of EKCFs with structural differences were fabricated using a computerized flat knitting machine with intarsia technology. Uniform samples 10 × 10 cm in size were made from wool, as were two different specifications of silver-coated conductive yarns. The wool yarn and one silver-coated yarn were mixed to knit a resistance area 2 × 2 cm in size in the center of the EKCF to observe heating behaviors. The experiment results showed that when the EKCFs were subjected to certain voltages over time, the resistance values of the resistance area increased over a short time and then gradually decreased, and the temperature gradually increased in the first 1000 s and tended toward stability after a certain period of time. The structural coefficient κ between different knitted structures (which predicted the thermal properties of different EKCFs subjected to different voltages) was analyzed. These results are of great significance for predicting the electrothermal performance of EKCFs with different knitted structures. On the basis of these results, an optimized knitted structure was selected as the best EKCF for wearable textiles, and the findings contribute to the field of technological and intelligent electrothermal garments and related products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]