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4. Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee

Author

Turner, Dann, Shkoporov, Andrey N., Lood, Cédric, Millard, Andrew D., Dutilh, Bas E., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Aziz, Ramy K., Oksanen, Hanna M., Poranen, Minna M., Kropinski, Andrew M., Barylski, Jakub, Brister, J Rodney, Chanisvili, Nina, Edwards, Rob A., Enault, François, Gillis, Annika, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kurtböke, Ipek, Kushkina, Alla, Lavigne, Rob, Lehman, Susan, Lobocka, Malgorzata, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea, Morozova, Vera, Nakavuma, Jesca, Reyes Muñoz, Alejandro, Rūmnieks, Jānis, Sarkar, BL, Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Wittmann, Johannes, Yigang, Tong, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M.

Published
2023
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5. Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the ICTV: update of taxonomy changes in 2021

Author

Krupovic, Mart, Turner, Dann, Morozova, Vera, Dyall-Smith, Mike, Oksanen, Hanna M., Edwards, Rob, Dutilh, Bas E., Lehman, Susan M., Reyes, Alejandro, Baquero, Diana P., Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Nakavuma, Jesca, Barylski, Jakub, Young, Mark J., Du, Shishen, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Kushkina, Alla, Kropinski, Andrew M., Kurtböke, Ipek, Brister, J. Rodney, Lood, Cédric, Sarkar, B. L., Yigang, Tong, Liu, Ying, Huang, Li, Wittmann, Johannes, Chanishvili, Nina, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Rumnieks, Janis, Mochizuki, Tomohiro, Jalasvuori, Matti, Aziz, Ramy K., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Stedman, Kenneth M., Shkoporov, Andrey N., Gillis, Annika, Peng, Xu, Enault, François, Knezevic, Petar, Lavigne, Rob, Rhee, Sung-Keun, Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Virginija, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Poranen, Minna M., Millard, Andrew, Prangishvili, David, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M.

Published
2021
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6. Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Activity of Volatile Phytochemicals and Their Combinations with Conventional Antibiotics Against Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) Strains.

Author

Nikolic, Isidora, Aleksic Sabo, Verica, Gavric, Damir, and Knezevic, Petar

Subjects
ANTI-infective agents, PLANT metabolites, CHLORAMPHENICOL, STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, DRUG resistance in bacteria
Abstract

Background: MSSA and MRSA strains are challenging human pathogens that can develop resistance to antibiotics, highlighting the need for alternative antimicrobial agents. Plant metabolites, particularly volatile phytochemicals, may offer promising antimicrobial properties. The aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of various commercial volatile phytochemicals from the terpene and terpenoid groups against reference MSSA and MRSA strains, focusing on synergistic effects in both binary combinations and combinations with antibiotics. Methods: The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for antibiotics and phytochemicals. The checkerboard method assessed synergistic interactions between phytochemicals and between phytochemicals and antibiotics, while the time-kill method was used to confirm these results. Biofilm quantification was performed using the microtiter plate method to evaluate the effects of phytochemicals, antibiotics, and their binary combinations on the eradication of 48-h-old biofilms. Results: Carvacrol and thymol demonstrated the strongest anti-staphylococcal activity, while other terpene compounds showed weaker effects. In binary combinations, carvacrol and thymol exhibited synergy against one MSSA strain (FICI = 0.50) and with tetracycline and chloramphenicol (FICI = 0.28–0.50). Synergy was also noted with streptomycin sulfate against one MRSA strain (FICI = 0.31–0.50) and with other antibiotics, including gentamicin (FICI = 0.25–0.50) and oxacillin (FICI = 0.44). Additionally, effective combinations achieved over 50% biofilm removal at both minimum inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations. Conclusions: Results showed that synergy varies based on strain sensitivity to chemical agents, highlighting their potential for personalized therapy. Despite the difficulty in removing preformed biofilms, the findings highlight the importance of combined treatments to enhance antibiotic effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Exploring Biofilm-Related Traits and Bile Salt Efficacy as Anti-Biofilm Agents in MDR Acinetobacter baumannii.

Author

Aleksic Sabo, Verica, Škorić, Dušan, Jovanović-Šanta, Suzana, and Knezevic, Petar

Subjects
BILE salts, DRUG resistance in bacteria, BIOFILMS, GENOTYPES, ANTI-infective agents, ACINETOBACTER baumannii
Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii has been designated as a critical priority pathogen by the World Health Organization for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to investigate both the phenotypic and genotypic traits of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii strains, along with the effects of natural bile salts on biofilm formation. The research analyzed phenotypic traits, including autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, twitching motility, lectin production, and biofilm formation, as well as genotypic traits such as the presence of bap and blaPER-1 genes in twenty wound and eight environmental MDR A. baumannii isolates. While all strains were identified as good biofilm producers, no statistically significant correlation was detected between the examined traits and biofilm formation. However, differences in biofilm production were observed between environmental and wound isolates. The natural bile salts Na-cholate, Na-deoxycholate, and Na-chenodeoxycholate demonstrated effective anti-A. baumannii activity (MIC = 0.25–10 mg mL−1), with significant anti-biofilm effects. Na-deoxycholate and Na-chenodeoxycholate inhibited 94–100% of biofilm formation at super-MIC concentrations (8–32 mg mL−1). This study underscores the urgent need for innovative strategies to combat antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in A. baumannii, highlighting the potential of natural bile salts as promising biofilm inhibitors and encouraging further research into their modification and combination with other antimicrobials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Analysis of Spounaviruses as a Case Study for the Overdue Reclassification of Tailed Phages

Author

Barylski, Jakub, Enault, François, Dutilh, Bas E., Schuller, Margo B.P., Edwards, Robert A., Gillis, Annika, Klumpp, Jochen, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H., Lavigne, Rob, Oksanen, Hanna M., Sullivan, Matthew B., Jang, Ho Bin, Simmonds, Peter, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Wittmann, Johannes, Tolstoy, Igor, Brister, J. Rodney, Kropinski, Andrew M., and Adriaenssens, Evelien M.

Published
2020

10. Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2018-2019 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee

Author

Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Sullivan, Matthew B., Knezevic, Petar, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Sarkar, B. L., Dutilh, Bas E., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Tong, Yigang, Brister, James Rodney, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Klumpp, Jochen, Aziz, Ramy Karam, Barylski, Jakub, Uchiyama, Jumpei, Edwards, Rob A., Kropinski, Andrew M., Petty, Nicola K., Clokie, Martha R. J., Kushkina, Alla I., Morozova, Vera V., Duffy, Siobain, Gillis, Annika, Rumnieks, Janis, Kurtböke, İpek, Chanishvili, Nina, Goodridge, Lawrence, Wittmann, Johannes, Lavigne, Rob, Jang, Ho Bin, Prangishvili, David, Enault, Francois, Turner, Dann, Poranen, Minna M., Oksanen, Hanna M., and Krupovic, Mart

Published
2020
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14. Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2017 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee

Author

Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Wittmann, Johannes, Kuhn, Jens H., Turner, Dann, Sullivan, Matthew B., Dutilh, Bas E., Jang, Ho Bin, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Klumpp, Jochen, Lobocka, Malgorzata, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Rumnieks, Janis, Edwards, Robert A., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Petty, Nicola K., Kropinski, Andrew M., Barylski, Jakub, Gillis, Annika, Clokie, Martha R. C., Prangishvili, David, Lavigne, Rob, Aziz, Ramy Karam, Duffy, Siobain, Krupovic, Mart, Poranen, Minna M., Knezevic, Petar, Enault, Francois, Tong, Yigang, Oksanen, Hanna M., and Rodney Brister, J.

Published
2018
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16. Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Turner, Dann, Shkoporov, Andrey N., Lood, Cédric, Millard, Andrew D., Dutilh, Bas E., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Aziz, Ramy K., Oksanen, Hanna M., Poranen, Minna M., Kropinski, Andrew M., Barylski, Jakub, Brister, J Rodney, Chanisvili, Nina, Edwards, Rob A., Enault, François, Gillis, Annika, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kurtböke, Ipek, Kushkina, Alla, Lavigne, Rob, Lehman, Susan, Lobocka, Malgorzata, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea, Morozova, Vera, Nakavuma, Jesca, Reyes Muñoz, Alejandro, Rūmnieks, Jānis, Sarkar, BL, Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Wittmann, Johannes, Yigang, Tong, Adriaenssens, Evelien M., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Turner, Dann, Shkoporov, Andrey N., Lood, Cédric, Millard, Andrew D., Dutilh, Bas E., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Aziz, Ramy K., Oksanen, Hanna M., Poranen, Minna M., Kropinski, Andrew M., Barylski, Jakub, Brister, J Rodney, Chanisvili, Nina, Edwards, Rob A., Enault, François, Gillis, Annika, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kurtböke, Ipek, Kushkina, Alla, Lavigne, Rob, Lehman, Susan, Lobocka, Malgorzata, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea, Morozova, Vera, Nakavuma, Jesca, Reyes Muñoz, Alejandro, Rūmnieks, Jānis, Sarkar, BL, Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Wittmann, Johannes, Yigang, Tong, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M.

Abstract

This article summarises the activities of the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses for the period of March 2021−March 2022. We provide an overview of the new taxa proposed in 2021, approved by the Executive Committee, and ratified by vote in 2022. Significant changes to the taxonomy of bacterial viruses were introduced: the paraphyletic morphological families Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae as well as the order Caudovirales were abolished, and a binomial system of nomenclature for species was established. In addition, one order, 22 families, 30 subfamilies, 321 genera, and 862 species were newly created, promoted, or moved.

Published
2023

17. Abolishment of morphology-based taxa and change to binomial species names: 2022 taxonomy update of the ICTV bacterial viruses subcommittee

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Turner, Dann, Shkoporov, Andrey N, Lood, Cédric, Millard, Andrew D, Dutilh, Bas E, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, van Zyl, Leonardo J, Aziz, Ramy K, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Kropinski, Andrew M, Barylski, Jakub, Brister, J Rodney, Chanisvili, Nina, Edwards, Rob A, Enault, François, Gillis, Annika, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kurtböke, Ipek, Kushkina, Alla, Lavigne, Rob, Lehman, Susan, Lobocka, Malgorzata, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea, Morozova, Vera, Nakavuma, Jesca, Reyes Muñoz, Alejandro, Rūmnieks, Jānis, Sarkar, B L, Sullivan, Matthew B, Uchiyama, Jumpei, Wittmann, Johannes, Yigang, Tong, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Turner, Dann, Shkoporov, Andrey N, Lood, Cédric, Millard, Andrew D, Dutilh, Bas E, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, van Zyl, Leonardo J, Aziz, Ramy K, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Kropinski, Andrew M, Barylski, Jakub, Brister, J Rodney, Chanisvili, Nina, Edwards, Rob A, Enault, François, Gillis, Annika, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kurtböke, Ipek, Kushkina, Alla, Lavigne, Rob, Lehman, Susan, Lobocka, Malgorzata, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea, Morozova, Vera, Nakavuma, Jesca, Reyes Muñoz, Alejandro, Rūmnieks, Jānis, Sarkar, B L, Sullivan, Matthew B, Uchiyama, Jumpei, Wittmann, Johannes, Yigang, Tong, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M

Published
2023

19. Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2016 update from the ICTV bacterial and archaeal viruses subcommittee

Author

Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Krupovic, Mart, Knezevic, Petar, Ackermann, Hans-Wolfgang, Barylski, Jakub, Brister, J. Rodney, Clokie, Martha R. C., Duffy, Siobain, Dutilh, Bas E., Edwards, Robert A., Enault, Francois, Jang, Ho Bin, Klumpp, Jochen, Kropinski, Andrew M., Lavigne, Rob, Poranen, Minna M., Prangishvili, David, Rumnieks, Janis, Sullivan, Matthew B., Wittmann, Johannes, Oksanen, Hanna M., Gillis, Annika, and Kuhn, Jens H.

Published
2017
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21. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex: isolation, identification and characterisation of environmental and clinical strains

Author

Aleksic Sabo, Verica, Gavric, Damir, Pejic, Jovana, and Knezevic, Petar

Subjects
RAPD-PCR, multiple-resistance, carbon sources, integrons, Acb complex
Abstract

Summary. Bacteria from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (Acb) complex are widespread, multi-drug resistant bacteria of great clinical importance. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable sole carbon source for their isolation/cultivation from environmental samples, to facilitate easier isolation and to compare the properties of environmental strains and wound isolates, in order to reveal whether environmental isolates are a reservoir of infection. In addition to acetate, which is used in routine procedures, the most appropriate carbon sources for isolation, were alanine, L-histidine and L-tyrosine. Because none of the substrates enabled isolation from all samples, new carbon sources or their combinations should be further considered. In subculture, L-tyrosine, alanine, L-histidine and pyruvate were the most appropriate for bacterial growth. Environmental and clinical strains were identified using classical methods and multiplex PCR, and out of 31 strains two were not identified as A. baumannii, but as other members of the Acb complex (13 UT group). All strains possessed integron class 1, while all environmental isolates and one clinical strain possessed integron class 2. Integron class 2 should be further examined as a marker for environmental strains. The environmental strains were multi-drug resistant and there was no statistical difference in antibiotic resistance in comparison to clinical strains (p = 0.36). The detected similarity of RAPD-PCR fingerprints among A. baumannii environmental and wound isolates, suggests their epidemiological relatedness, raising the urgency for finding adequate solutions for prevention of further resistance dissemination among strains of different origins.

Published
2022
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33. Optimized Method for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Integrative Filamentous Bacteriophage Propagation

Author

Gavric, Damir and Knezevic, Petar

Subjects
plaque, Microbiology (medical), filamentous phage, viruses, Pseudomonas phage Pf5, Pseudomonas phage Pf4, Pseudomonas phage PfLES, phage propagation, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Filamentous bacteriophages frequently infect Pseudomonas aeruginosa and alter its phenotypic traits, including virulence factors. The first step in examination of these phages is to obtain suspensions with high virus titer, but as there are no methods for integrative filamentous phage multiplication, the aim was to design, describe, and compare two methods for this purpose. As models, three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, containing (pro)phages Pf4, Pf5, and PfLES were used (PAO1, UCBPP-PA14, and LESB58, respectively). Method 1 comprised propagation of phages in 6 L of bacterial culture for 48 h, and method 2 applied 600 mL culture and incubation for 6 days with centrifugation and addition of new medium and inoculum at 2-day intervals. In method 1, phages were propagated by culture agitation, followed by centrifugation and filtration (0.45 and 0.22 μm), and in method 2, cultures were agitated and centrifuged several times to remove bacteria without filtration. Regardless of the propagation method, supernatants were subjected to concentration by PEG8000 and CsCl equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, and phage bands were removed after ultracentrifugation and dialyzed. In the obtained suspensions, phage titer was determined, and concentration of isolated ssDNA from virions was measured. When propagation method 2 was compared with method 1, the phage bands in CsCl were much thicker, phage number was 3.5–7.4 logs greater, and concentration of ssDNA was 7.6–22.4 times higher. When phage count was monitored from days 2 to 6, virion numbers increased for 1.8–5.6 logs, depending on phage. We also observed that filamentous phage plaques faded after 8 h of incubation when the double layer agar spot method was applied, whereas the plaques were visible for 24 h on single-layer agar. Finally, for the first time, we confirmed existence of replicative form and virions of PfLES (pro)phage as well as its ability to produce plaques. Similarly, for the first time, we confirmed plaque production of Pf5 (pro)phage present in P. aeruginosa strain UCBPP-PA14. The described method 2 has many advantages and can be further improved and adopted for filamentous phages of other hosts.

Published
2022
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39. Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the ICTV: update of taxonomy changes in 2021

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Krupovic, Mart, Turner, Dann, Morozova, Vera, Dyall-Smith, Mike, Oksanen, Hanna M., Edwards, Rob, Dutilh, Bas E., Lehman, Susan M., Reyes, Alejandro, Baquero, Diana P., Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Nakavuma, Jesca, Barylski, Jakub, Young, Mark J., Du, Shishen, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Kushkina, Alla, Kropinski, Andrew M., Kurtboke, Ipek, Brister, J. Rodney, Lood, Cedric, Sarkar, B. L., Yigang, Tong, Liu, Ying, Huang, Li, Wittmann, Johannes, Chanishvili, Nina, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Rumnieks, Janis, Mochizuki, Tomohiro, Jalasvuori, Matti, Aziz, Ramy K., Lobocka, Malgorzata, Stedman, Kenneth M., Shkoporov, Andrey N., Gillis, Annika, Peng, Xu, Enault, Francois, Knezevic, Petar, Lavigne, Rob, Rhee, Sung-Keun, Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Virginija, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Poranen, Minna M., Millard, Andrew, Prangishvili, David, Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Krupovic, Mart, Turner, Dann, Morozova, Vera, Dyall-Smith, Mike, Oksanen, Hanna M., Edwards, Rob, Dutilh, Bas E., Lehman, Susan M., Reyes, Alejandro, Baquero, Diana P., Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Nakavuma, Jesca, Barylski, Jakub, Young, Mark J., Du, Shishen, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Kushkina, Alla, Kropinski, Andrew M., Kurtboke, Ipek, Brister, J. Rodney, Lood, Cedric, Sarkar, B. L., Yigang, Tong, Liu, Ying, Huang, Li, Wittmann, Johannes, Chanishvili, Nina, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Rumnieks, Janis, Mochizuki, Tomohiro, Jalasvuori, Matti, Aziz, Ramy K., Lobocka, Malgorzata, Stedman, Kenneth M., Shkoporov, Andrey N., Gillis, Annika, Peng, Xu, Enault, Francois, Knezevic, Petar, Lavigne, Rob, Rhee, Sung-Keun, Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Virginija, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Poranen, Minna M., Millard, Andrew, Prangishvili, David, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M.

Published
2021

40. Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the ICTV: update of taxonomy changes in 2021

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Krupovic, Mart, Turner, Dann, Morozova, Vera, Dyall-Smith, Mike, Oksanen, Hanna M., Edwards, Rob, Dutilh, Bas E., Lehman, Susan M., Reyes, Alejandro, Baquero, Diana P., Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Nakavuma, Jesca, Barylski, Jakub, Young, Mark J., Du, Shishen, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Kushkina, Alla, Kropinski, Andrew M., Kurtböke, Ipek, Brister, J. Rodney, Lood, Cédric, Sarkar, B. L., Yigang, Tong, Liu, Ying, Huang, Li, Wittmann, Johannes, Chanishvili, Nina, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Rumnieks, Janis, Mochizuki, Tomohiro, Jalasvuori, Matti, Aziz, Ramy K., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Stedman, Kenneth M., Shkoporov, Andrey N., Gillis, Annika, Peng, Xu, Enault, François, Knezevic, Petar, Lavigne, Rob, Rhee, Sung-Keun, Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Virginija, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Poranen, Minna M., Millard, Andrew, Prangishvili, David, Adriaenssens, Evelien M., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Krupovic, Mart, Turner, Dann, Morozova, Vera, Dyall-Smith, Mike, Oksanen, Hanna M., Edwards, Rob, Dutilh, Bas E., Lehman, Susan M., Reyes, Alejandro, Baquero, Diana P., Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Nakavuma, Jesca, Barylski, Jakub, Young, Mark J., Du, Shishen, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Kushkina, Alla, Kropinski, Andrew M., Kurtböke, Ipek, Brister, J. Rodney, Lood, Cédric, Sarkar, B. L., Yigang, Tong, Liu, Ying, Huang, Li, Wittmann, Johannes, Chanishvili, Nina, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Rumnieks, Janis, Mochizuki, Tomohiro, Jalasvuori, Matti, Aziz, Ramy K., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Stedman, Kenneth M., Shkoporov, Andrey N., Gillis, Annika, Peng, Xu, Enault, François, Knezevic, Petar, Lavigne, Rob, Rhee, Sung-Keun, Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Virginija, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Poranen, Minna M., Millard, Andrew, Prangishvili, David, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M.

Abstract

In this article, we – the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and the Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) – summarise the results of our activities for the period March 2020 – March 2021. We report the division of the former Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee in two separate Subcommittees, welcome new members, a new Subcommittee Chair and Vice Chair, and give an overview of the new taxa that were proposed in 2020, approved by the Executive Committee and ratified by vote in 2021. In particular, a new realm, three orders, 15 families, 31 subfamilies, 734 genera and 1845 species were newly created or redefined (moved/promoted).

Published
2021

41. Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the ICTV:update of taxonomy changes in 2021

Author

Krupovic, Mart, Turner, Dann, Morozova, Vera, Dyall-Smith, Mike, Oksanen, Hanna M., Edwards, Rob, Dutilh, Bas E., Lehman, Susan M., Reyes, Alejandro, Baquero, Diana P., Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Nakavuma, Jesca, Barylski, Jakub, Young, Mark J., Du, Shishen, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Kushkina, Alla, Kropinski, Andrew M., Kurtböke, Ipek, Brister, J. Rodney, Lood, Cédric, Sarkar, B. L., Yigang, Tong, Liu, Ying, Huang, Li, Wittmann, Johannes, Chanishvili, Nina, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Rumnieks, Janis, Mochizuki, Tomohiro, Jalasvuori, Matti, Aziz, Ramy K., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Stedman, Kenneth M., Shkoporov, Andrey N., Gillis, Annika, Peng, Xu, Enault, François, Knezevic, Petar, Lavigne, Rob, Rhee, Sung Keun, Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Virginija, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Poranen, Minna M., Millard, Andrew, Prangishvili, David, Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Krupovic, Mart, Turner, Dann, Morozova, Vera, Dyall-Smith, Mike, Oksanen, Hanna M., Edwards, Rob, Dutilh, Bas E., Lehman, Susan M., Reyes, Alejandro, Baquero, Diana P., Sullivan, Matthew B., Uchiyama, Jumpei, Nakavuma, Jesca, Barylski, Jakub, Young, Mark J., Du, Shishen, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Kushkina, Alla, Kropinski, Andrew M., Kurtböke, Ipek, Brister, J. Rodney, Lood, Cédric, Sarkar, B. L., Yigang, Tong, Liu, Ying, Huang, Li, Wittmann, Johannes, Chanishvili, Nina, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Rumnieks, Janis, Mochizuki, Tomohiro, Jalasvuori, Matti, Aziz, Ramy K., Łobocka, Małgorzata, Stedman, Kenneth M., Shkoporov, Andrey N., Gillis, Annika, Peng, Xu, Enault, François, Knezevic, Petar, Lavigne, Rob, Rhee, Sung Keun, Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Virginija, Moraru, Cristina, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Poranen, Minna M., Millard, Andrew, Prangishvili, David, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M.

Abstract

In this article, we – the Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee and the Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) – summarise the results of our activities for the period March 2020 – March 2021. We report the division of the former Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee in two separate Subcommittees, welcome new members, a new Subcommittee Chair and Vice Chair, and give an overview of the new taxa that were proposed in 2020, approved by the Executive Committee and ratified by vote in 2021. In particular, a new realm, three orders, 15 families, 31 subfamilies, 734 genera and 1845 species were newly created or redefined (moved/promoted).

Published
2021

44. LOW-NUTRIENT R2A MEDIUM IN THE ASSESSMENT OF BACTERIOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTS.

Author

Ciric, Slavica, Knezevic, Petar, and Petrovic, Olga

Abstract

The paper examines the problem of application of cultivation methods in microbiological research, especially testing the quality of different aquatic environments. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of low-nutrient R2A medium and its increasing use, given that numerous studies have indicated its superiority compared to other cultivation media, as evidenced by numerous literature data and the author's experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

46. Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses : 2018-2019 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee

Author

Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Sullivan, Matthew B., Knezevic, Petar, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Sarkar, BL, Dutilh, Bas E., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Lobocka, Malgorzata, Tong, Yigang, Brister, J. Rodney, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Klumpp, Jochen, Aziz, Ramy Karam, Barylski, Jakub, Uchiyama, Jumpei, Edwards, Rob A, Kropinski, Andrew M., Petty, Nicola K, Clokie, Martha R. C., Kushkina, Alla I, Morozova, Vera V, Duffy, Siobain, Gillis, Annika, Rumnieks, Janis, Kurtböke, İpek, Chanishvili, Nina, Goodridge, Lawrence, Wittmann, Johannes, Lavigne, Rob, Jang, Ho Bin, Prangishvili, David, Enault, François, Turner, Dann, Poranen, Minna, Oksanen, Hanna M, Krupovic, Mart, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Molecular Principles of Viruses, and Molecular and Translational Virology

Subjects
11832 Microbiology and virology, VIRION, SSDNA, PHAGE, HIS1, CLASSIFICATION
Abstract

This article is a summary of the activities of the ICTV's Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee for the years 2018 and 2019. Highlights include the creation of a new order, 10 families, 22 subfamilies, 424 genera and 964 species. Some of our concerns about the ICTV's ability to adjust to and incorporate new DNA- and protein-based taxonomic tools are discussed.

Published
2020

47. Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2018-2019 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Sullivan, Matthew B, Knezevic, Petar, van Zyl, Leonardo J, Sarkar, B L, Dutilh, Bas E, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Tong, Yigang, Brister, James Rodney, Moreno Switt, Andrea I, Klumpp, Jochen, Aziz, Ramy Karam, Barylski, Jakub, Uchiyama, Jumpei, Kropinski, Andrew M, Petty, Nicola K, Clokie, Martha R J, Kushkina, Alla I, Morozova, Vera V, Duffy, Siobain, Gillis, Annika, Rumnieks, Janis, Kurtböke, İpek, Chanishvili, Nina, Goodridge, Lawrence, Wittmann, Johannes, Lavigne, Rob, Jang, Ho Bin, Prangishvili, David, Enault, Francois, Turner, Dann, Poranen, Minna M, Oksanen, Hanna M, Krupovic, Mart, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Sullivan, Matthew B, Knezevic, Petar, van Zyl, Leonardo J, Sarkar, B L, Dutilh, Bas E, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Tong, Yigang, Brister, James Rodney, Moreno Switt, Andrea I, Klumpp, Jochen, Aziz, Ramy Karam, Barylski, Jakub, Uchiyama, Jumpei, Kropinski, Andrew M, Petty, Nicola K, Clokie, Martha R J, Kushkina, Alla I, Morozova, Vera V, Duffy, Siobain, Gillis, Annika, Rumnieks, Janis, Kurtböke, İpek, Chanishvili, Nina, Goodridge, Lawrence, Wittmann, Johannes, Lavigne, Rob, Jang, Ho Bin, Prangishvili, David, Enault, Francois, Turner, Dann, Poranen, Minna M, Oksanen, Hanna M, and Krupovic, Mart

Published
2020

48. Analysis of Spounaviruses as a Case Study for the Overdue Reclassification of Tailed Phages

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Barylski, Jakub, Enault, François, Dutilh, Bas E, Schuller, Margo B P, Edwards, Robert A, Gillis, Annika, Klumpp, Jochen, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lavigne, Rob, Oksanen, Hanna M, Sullivan, Matthew B, Jang, Ho Bin, Simmonds, Peter, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Wittmann, Johannes, Tolstoy, Igor, Brister, J Rodney, Kropinski, Andrew M, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Barylski, Jakub, Enault, François, Dutilh, Bas E, Schuller, Margo B P, Edwards, Robert A, Gillis, Annika, Klumpp, Jochen, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lavigne, Rob, Oksanen, Hanna M, Sullivan, Matthew B, Jang, Ho Bin, Simmonds, Peter, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Wittmann, Johannes, Tolstoy, Igor, Brister, J Rodney, Kropinski, Andrew M, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M

Published
2020

49. Taxonomy of prokaryotic viruses: 2018-2019 update from the ICTV Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Sullivan, Matthew B., Knezevic, Petar, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Sarkar, B. L., Dutilh, Bas E., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Tong, Yigang, Brister, James Rodney, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Klumpp, Jochen, Aziz, Ramy Karam, Barylski, Jakub, Uchiyama, Jumpei, Edwards, Rob A., Kropinski, Andrew M., Petty, Nicola K., Clokie, Martha R. J., Kushkina, Alla I., Morozova, Vera V., Duffy, Siobain, Gillis, Annika, Rumnieks, Janis, Kurtböke, İpek, Chanishvili, Nina, Goodridge, Lawrence, Wittmann, Johannes, Lavigne, Rob, Jang, Ho Bin, Prangishvili, David, Enault, Francois, Turner, Dann, Poranen, Minna M., Oksanen, Hanna M., Krupovic, Mart, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Adriaenssens, Evelien M., Sullivan, Matthew B., Knezevic, Petar, van Zyl, Leonardo J., Sarkar, B. L., Dutilh, Bas E., Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Tong, Yigang, Brister, James Rodney, Moreno Switt, Andrea I., Klumpp, Jochen, Aziz, Ramy Karam, Barylski, Jakub, Uchiyama, Jumpei, Edwards, Rob A., Kropinski, Andrew M., Petty, Nicola K., Clokie, Martha R. J., Kushkina, Alla I., Morozova, Vera V., Duffy, Siobain, Gillis, Annika, Rumnieks, Janis, Kurtböke, İpek, Chanishvili, Nina, Goodridge, Lawrence, Wittmann, Johannes, Lavigne, Rob, Jang, Ho Bin, Prangishvili, David, Enault, Francois, Turner, Dann, Poranen, Minna M., Oksanen, Hanna M., and Krupovic, Mart

Abstract

This article is a summary of the activities of the ICTV's Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee for the years 2018 and 2019. Highlights include the creation of a new order, 10 families, 22 subfamilies, 424 genera and 964 species. Some of our concerns about the ICTV's ability to adjust to and incorporate new DNA- and protein-based taxonomic tools are discussed.

Published
2020

50. Analysis of Spounaviruses as a Case Study for the Overdue Reclassification of Tailed Phages

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Barylski, Jakub, Enault, François, Dutilh, Bas E, Schuller, Margo BP, Edwards, Robert A, Gillis, Annika, Klumpp, Jochen, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lavigne, Rob, Oksanen, Hanna M, Sullivan, Matthew B, Jang, Ho Bin, Simmonds, Peter, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Wittmann, Johannes, Tolstoy, Igor, Brister, J Rodney, Kropinski, Andrew M, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Barylski, Jakub, Enault, François, Dutilh, Bas E, Schuller, Margo BP, Edwards, Robert A, Gillis, Annika, Klumpp, Jochen, Knezevic, Petar, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lavigne, Rob, Oksanen, Hanna M, Sullivan, Matthew B, Jang, Ho Bin, Simmonds, Peter, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Wittmann, Johannes, Tolstoy, Igor, Brister, J Rodney, Kropinski, Andrew M, and Adriaenssens, Evelien M

Abstract

Tailed bacteriophages are the most abundant and diverse viruses in the world, with genome sizes ranging from 10 kbp to over 500 kbp. Yet, due to historical reasons, all this diversity is confined to a single virus order—Caudovirales, composed of just four families: Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and the newly created Ackermannviridae family. In recent years, this morphology-based classification scheme has started to crumble under the constant flood of phage sequences, revealing that tailed phages are even more genetically diverse than once thought. This prompted us, the Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), to consider overall reorganization of phage taxonomy. In this study, we used a wide range of complementary methods—including comparative genomics, core genome analysis, and marker gene phylogenetics—to show that the group of Bacillus phage SPO1-related viruses previously classified into the Spounavirinae subfamily, is clearly distinct from other members of the family Myoviridae and its diversity deserves the rank of an autonomous family. Thus, we removed this group from the Myoviridae family and created the family Herelleviridae—a new taxon of the same rank. In the process of the taxon evaluation, we explored the feasibility of different demarcation criteria and critically evaluated the usefulness of our methods for phage classification. The convergence of results, drawing a consistent and comprehensive picture of a new family with associated subfamilies, regardless of method, demonstrates that the tools applied here are particularly useful in phage taxonomy. We are convinced that creation of this novel family is a crucial milestone toward much-needed reclassification in the Caudovirales order.

Published
2020

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