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Príspevok sa zameriava na rozdelenie času samostatne zárobkovo činných osôb na platenú prácu (podnikanie), neplatenú prácu, voľný čas a ďalšie neprodukčné činnosti a ich prepojenie na pocity šťastia (ako súčasť subjektívneho wellbeingu – SWB). Na zber údajov o alokácii času a identifikáciu SWB bola použitá modifikovaná metodika Time Use Survey (TUS). Do analýzy bolo zaradených 13 skupín aktivít a 161 samostatne zárobkovo činných osôb. Výsledky naznačujú, že samostatne zárobkovo činní muži aj ženy venujú platenej práci (podnikaniu) viac ako 8 hodín denne. Medzi činnosti, počas ktorých sa najväčšia časť samostatne zárobkovo činných mužov a žien cíti najšťastnejšie, patria voľnočasové aktivity. Neplatená práca prináša najväčší pocit šťastia pre 12,5 % samostatne zárobkovo činných žien. Pocity šťastia samostatne zárobkovo činných žien vykazujú počas platenej práce väčšiu fluktuáciu ako pocity šťastia samostatne zárobkovo činných mužov. Vo večerných hodinách pocit šťastia samostatne zárobkovo činných žien výrazne klesá, čo môže byť spôsobené tzv. dvojitým bremenom žien.

Recently, the European labour market has witnessed a shift in work structures, notably with self-employed individuals without employees. Many of these individuals are performing self-employment involuntarily, aiming for stable full-time employment. Due to insufficient income, instability, limited career prospects, and inadequate access to social protection, they are dissatisfied with their self-employed status. This dissatisfaction could potentially affect their overall job satisfaction and performance. The goal of this study, conducted on the basis of original primary survey among self-employed persons in Slovakia in 2022, is to explore the motivations influencing self-employment. Specifically, the research aims to examine the initial driving factors behind self-employment among 306 individuals, categorized into 194 traditional independent self-employed and 112 economically dependent self-employed persons. Results indicate that among economically dependent self-employed persons, necessity-driven motives prevail, particularly necessity to enter family business, job loss, and employer-induced self-employment. For traditional independent self-employed persons, opportunity-driven motives predominate, notably pursuit of better working conditions, desire for independence, and efforts to earn more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-employment is one of the most widespread activities through which individuals can earn an income, not only in Slovakia but also across the European Union. Self-employment is by its nature regarded as an economically independent activity, often related to entrepreneurial activity (but not all self-employment is an entrepreneurship). However, reality shows that the status of self-employment is often only formal and self-employed persons are for various reasons in a position like employment, or even in a position of economic dependence. The aim of this paper is to define, based on available documents, studies, and legislation in the Member States of the European Union, the features that distinguish between genuine self-employment, false self-employment and economically dependent self-employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of entrepreneurship is on the rise and the number of individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activity is increasing significantly each year. One of the drivers in the lives of entrepreneurs is their well-being; without maintaining or even increasing the level of well-being it would not be possible to maintain the status of an entrepreneur in the long term. This paper offers a review of foreign and domestic studies, concepts and approaches related to the relationship between wellbeing and entrepreneurship. It summarizes the results of the conducted researches that reveal the controversial link between the two phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical frameworks dealing with the factors of starting entrepreneurship approach them from different perspectives. The standard categorization of entrepreneurship factors is based on two categories. One category describes starting an entrepreneurship as a motivation based on an individual's beliefs (pull factors) and the other as a necessity, it means that an individual is pushed into entrepreneurship by external influences (push factors). The paper discusses the topic of motives for starting an entrepreneurship according to the trade license in theoretical as well as practical perspective, while the results are based on a questionnaire survey conducted in 2022 in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. Several conclusions emerged from the survey sample consisting of 306 respondents. Among the most important reasons for starting entrepreneurship, respondents ranked being independent, meaning being one's own boss, the desire to have better working conditions, as well as to earn more. Other motives that could be selected by the respondents in the questionnaire were preferred to a lesser extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving energy efficiency includes a number of measures implemented as part of the greening of the energy industry, which in turn is a prerequisite for the creation of a sustainable energy industry to ensure energy and environmental security for the world. Despite the adoption of the EU directives on energy efficiency, there is still insufficient public awareness in this area in Poland and Slovakia. This is particularly surprising because improving energy efficiency not only brings national and global benefits, but also has a significant impact on the well-being of individuals and households. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the national policies of Poland and Slovakia, which are based on the European Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, and which introduce new measures aimed not only at increasing energy efficiency, but also at increasing the well-being of households and individuals. Methods of desk research and content analysis were used. The current situation in both countries is illustrated by case studies that document the administrative process (Slovakia) and the calculation of energy savings (Poland) when using renewable energy sources in the case of family houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with well-being of employees who invest heavier in work. The main aim of the present study was to examine relationship between workaholism and work enjoyment as part of the work engagement. Paper focuses on workaholics and their emotional experience in performing work (affective component of well-being). The unique method based on time diary, including data on happiness, was used. Results suggest that non-workaholics feel happier when performing paid work than workaholics. Gender and education are significant background predictors influencing heavy time investment, while parenthood and place of living do not correlate with time workaholism. Men-workaholics work longer than womenworkaholics, with no significant difference in happiness. Women-workaholics feel happier when performing unpaid household work, but men-workaholics enjoy more time with children. Education in relation to income, time investment and happiness indicate that workaholism in Slovakia exists in a forced form in order to achieve the required income and forced heavy time investment must undertake deeper analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to clarify the basic terminology related to the termination of the business companies within the bankruptcy procedure. To understand particular terms, a brief definition from the legal acts is often not sufficient. We used legal literature, legal texts, including commentaries, explanations of laws, interpretative dictionaries, and available court decisions to elaborate complex overview of the basic terms of the bankruptcy of business companies. Our ambition was to capture only the present state, so we did not analyse historical context of the bankruptcy in Slovakia. Bankruptcy is a broad issue, and we only provide a basic overview of the terminology related to the termination of business companies as legal entities, with an emphasis on the possibility of their termination within the bankruptcy procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business companies represent, beside the sole proprietorship, the most important way of running business in Slovakia. Many Slovakian business companies enter into business relationships with companies from other member states of the European Union and the rest of the world. This is the reason why we consider it necessary to understand the legal regulation and the basic features of business companies in other states of the European Union. The aim of this article is to compare legal forms of business companies in Slovakia and Germany. We chose Germany because it is the main business partner of Slovakia in both the import and export of goods. This article is based on the analysis of legal acts in the business sector in Slovakia and Germany. Our analysis confirmed that there are significant differences in the features and types of business companies in Slovakia and Germany despite similarities of nomenclature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]