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Providing support for the educational needs of students on the autism spectrum continues to be challenging. Findings from this survey of parents, teachers and specialist staff highlight the need for collaboration between stakeholders who support the education of these students. The main themes to emerge were for school staff to be equipped with the knowledge and expertise to support each student in their learning, and for support with social/emotional needs. Findings highlighted the need for a transparent process for building school capacity to translate research and knowledge into practice by all stakeholders. This collective voice is important to ensure the needs of these students are identified and that appropriate support is implemented to maximise the educational success of these students.

Intrinsic doping of hematite through the inclusion of oxygen vacancies (VO) is being increasingly explored as a simple, low temperature route to preparing active water splitting α-Fe2O3-x photoelectrodes. Whilst it is widely accepted that the introduction of VO leads to improved conductivities, little else is verified regarding the actual mechanism of enhancement. Here we employ transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy to build a comprehensive kinetic model for water oxidation on α-Fe2O3-x . In contrast to previous suggestions, the primary effect of introducing VO is to block very slow (ms) surface hole - bulk electron recombination pathways. In light of our mechanistic research we are also able to identify and address a cause of the high photocurrent onset potential, a common issue with this class of electrodes. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 is found to be particularly effective with α-Fe2O3-x , leading to the photocurrent onset potential shifting by ca. 200 mV. Significantly TA measurements on these ALD passivated electrodes also provide important insights into the role of passivating layers, that are relevant to the wider development of α-Fe2O3 photoelectrodes.

Intrinsic doping of hematite through the inclusion of oxygen vacancies (VO) is being increasingly explored as a simple, low temperature route to preparing active water splitting α-Fe2O3-x photoelectrodes. Whilst it is widely accepted that the introduction of VO leads to improved conductivities, little else is verified regarding the actual mechanism of enhancement. Here we employ transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy to build a comprehensive kinetic model for water oxidation on α-Fe2O3-x . In contrast to previous suggestions, the primary effect of introducing VO is to block very slow (ms) surface hole - bulk electron recombination pathways. In light of our mechanistic research we are also able to identify and address a cause of the high photocurrent onset potential, a common issue with this class of electrodes. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 is found to be particularly effective with α-Fe2O3-x , leading to the photocurrent onset potential shifting by ca. 200 mV. Significantly TA measurements on these ALD passivated electrodes also provide important insights into the role of passivating layers, that are relevant to the wider development of α-Fe2O3 photoelectrodes.

Light-induced charge separation is the primary photochemical event of photosynthesis. Efficient charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers requires the balancing of electron and excitation energy transfer processes, and in Photosystem II (PSII), these processes are particularly closely entangled. Calculations that treat the cofactors of the PSII reaction center as a supermolecular complex allow energy and electron transfer reactions to be described in a unified way. This calculational approach is shown to be in good agreement with experimentally observed energy and electron transfer dynamics. This supermolecular view also correctly predicts the effect of changing the redox potentials of cofactors by site-directed mutagenesis, thus providing a unified and quantitative structure--function relationship for the PSII reaction center.

The optical absorption and emission spectra for NADH in liver alcohol dehydrogenase is calculated. This calculation is based on a recently established quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics.(QM/MM).

The phosphorylation/dephosphorylation measurements, expressed in terms of phosphorylation difference maps, in photosynthetic membranes from higher plants reveal that phosphates are not distributed evenly with membrane margins and patches exhibiting high phosphate density adjacent to patches showing low charge density.

Results do not support the temperature dependence theory proposed for the reduction of P680 in photosystem II reactions of photosynthesis. Authors discuss microsecond time scale and nanosecon phase level of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions and the energies these reactions generate to support their claim.

Results demonstrate that the photosystem II is optimized for regulation than for efficiency of the energy transfer process. A phenomenological model is presented to describe antenna size and energy transfer and trapping in the photosynthetic reaction center.

A comparison is conducted between the recombination and the electron injection kinetics of two porphyrin sensitizer dyes and a ruthenium bipyridyl. The study allows for the direct investigation of the link between dye photophysics/redox potential and interfacial electron transfer kinetics.

Issues concerning the reproduction of experimental optical absorption and emission spectra for bacteriochlorophyll-a in menthanol by using the quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical method are discussed.

The role of pigment-protein interactions in determining the properties of photosystem II was investigated. To this end, site-directed mutants of Synechocystis PCC 6803 were prepared which alter the reduction-oxidation potential of the primary radical pair anion and cation. Experimental results showed that the mutations alter the free energy of the primary radical pair state, resulting in a change in the equilibrium between excited singlet states and radical pair states.

Some of the views of Frank Willig, et al, regarding the ultrafast electron transfer from photoexcited ruthenium(II) cis-di(isothiocyanato)bis(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridyl), (N3), into titania, are flawed. Experimental verifications were carried out to confirm the end results of the study. The findings suggested that the results of the authors' study may have been affected by samples of degraded sensitizer. In addition, similarities in the spectra determined with degraded samples and those utilized by Willig et al may have been obtained from a degraded form of the original sensitizer.

A study was conducted on a possible coupling between P680+ reduction and hydrogen transfer with emphasis on the effects of H2O/D2O exchange on the P680+ reduction kinetics in the nano- and microsecond domains. The findings indicate that at least two processes play a role in P680+ reduction by Yz. The slower processes in all or some of the S-state transitions involve proton/hydrogen motion and occur in the microsecond time domain.