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2. Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with coronary heart disease: Results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey in 27 countries

Author

De Backer, G., Jankowski, P., Kotseva, K., Mirrakhimov, E., Reiner, Z., Rydén, L., Tokgözoğlu, L., Wood, D., De Bacquer, D., Abreu, A., Aguiar, C., Badariene, J., Bruthans, J., Castro Conde, A., Cifkova, R., Crowley, J., Davletov, K., Bacquer, D. De, De Smedt, D., De Sutter, J., Deckers, J.W., Dilic, M., Dolzhenko, M., Druais, H., Dzerve, V., Erglis, A., Fras, Z., Gaita, D., Gotcheva, N., Grobbee, D.E., Gyberg, V., Hasan Ali, H., Heuschmann, P., Hoes, A.W., Lalic, N., Lehto, S., Lovic, D., Maggioni, A.P., Mancas, S., Marques-Vidal, P., Mellbin, L., Miličić, D., Oganov, R., Pogosova, N., Reiner, Ž., Stagmo, M., Störk, S., Sundvall, J., Tsioufis, K., Vulic, D., Wood, D.A., Jennings, C., Adamska, A., Adamska, S., Tuomilehto, J., Schnell, O., Fiorucci, E., Glemot, M., Larras, F., Missiamenou, V., Maggioni, A., Taylor, C., Ferreira, T., Lemaitre, K., Raman, L., DeSmedt, D., Willems, A.M., De Pauw, M., Vervaet, P., Bollen, J., Dekimpe, E., Mommen, N., Van Genechten, G., Dendale, P., Bouvier, C.A., Chenu, P., Huyberechts, D., Persu, A., Begic, A., Durak Nalbantic, A., Dzubur, A., Hadzibegic, N., Iglica, A., Kapidjic, S., Osmanagic Bico, A., Resic, N., Sabanovic Bajramovic, N., Zvizdic, F., Kovacevic-Preradovic, T., Popovic-Pejicic, S., Djekic, D., Gnjatic, T., Knezevic, T., Kos, Lj, Stanetic, B., Topic, G., Georgiev, Borislav, Terziev, A., Vladimirov, G., Angelov, A., Kanazirev, B., Nikolaeva, S., Tonkova, D., Vetkova, M., Milicic, D., Bosnic, A., Dubravcic, M., Glavina, M., Mance, M., Pavasovic, S., Samardzic, J., Batinic, T., Crljenko, K., Delic-Brkljacic, D., Dula, K., Golubic, K., Klobucar, I., Kordic, K., Kos, N., Nedic, M., Olujic, D., Sedinic, V., Blazevic, T., Pasalic, A., Percic, M., Sikic, J., Cífková, R., Hašplová, K., Šulc, P., Wohlfahrt, P., Mayer, O., Jr., Cvíčela, M., Filipovský, J., Gelžinský, J., Hronová, M., Hasan-Ali, H., Bakery, S., Mosad, E., Hamed, H.B., Ibrahim, A., Elsharef, M.A., Kholef, E.F., Shehata, A., Youssef, M., Elhefny, E., Farid, H., Moustafa, T.M., Sobieh, M.S., Kabil, H., Abdelmordy, A., Kiljander, E., Kiljander, P., Koukkunen, H., Mustonen, J., Cremer, C., Frantz, S., Haupt, A., Hofmann, U., Ludwig, K., Melnyk, H., Noutsias, M., Karmann, W., Prondzinsky, R., Herdeg, C., Hövelborn, T., Daaboul, A., Geisler, T., Keller, T., Sauerbrunn, D., Walz-Ayed, M., Ertl, G., Leyh, R., Ehlert, T., Klocke, B., Krapp, J., Ludwig, T., Käs, J., Starke, C., Ungethüm, K., Wagner, M., Wiedmann, S., Tolis, P., Vogiatzi, G., Sanidas, E., Tsakalis, K., Kanakakis, J., Koutsoukis, A., Vasileiadis, K., Zarifis, J., Karvounis, C., Gibson, I., Houlihan, A., Kelly, C., O'Donnell, M., Bennati, M., Cosmi, F., Mariottoni, B., Morganti, M., Cherubini, A., Di Lenarda, A., Radini, D., Ramani, F., Francese, M.G., Gulizia, M.M., Pericone, D., Aigerim, K., Zholdin, B., Amirov, B., Assembekov, B., Chernokurova, E., Ibragimova, F., Kodasbayev, A., Markova, A., Asanbaev, A., Toktomamatov, U., Tursunbaev, M., Zakirov, U., Abilova, S., Arapova, R., Bektasheva, E., Esenbekova, J., Neronova, K., Baigaziev, K., Baitova, G., Zheenbekov, T., Andrejeva, T., Bajare, I., Kucika, G., Labuce, A., Putane, L., Stabulniece, M., Klavins, E., Sime, I., Gedvilaite, L., Pečiuraite, D., Sileikienė, V., Skiauteryte, E., Solovjova, S., Sidabraite, R., Briedis, K., Ceponiene, I., Jurenas, M., Kersulis, J., Martinkute, G., Vaitiekiene, A., Vasiljevaite, K., Veisaite, R., Plisienė, J., Šiurkaitė, V., Vaičiulis, Ž., Czarnecka, D., Kozieł, P., Podolec, P., Nessler, J., Gomuła, P., Mirek-Bryniarska, E., Bogacki, P., Wiśniewski, A., Pająk, A., Wolfshaut-Wolak, R., Bućko, J., Kamiński, K., Łapińska, M., Paniczko, M., Raczkowski, A., Sawicka, E., Stachurska, Z., Szpakowicz, M., Musiał, W., Dobrzycki, S., Bychowski, J., Kosior, D.A., Krzykwa, A., Setny, M., Rak, A., Gąsior, Z., Haberka, M., Szostak-Janiak, K., Finik, M., Liszka, J., Botelho, A., Cachulo, M., Sousa, J., Pais, A., Durazzo, A., Matos, D., Gouveia, R., Rodrigues, G., Strong, C., Guerreiro, R., Aguiar, J., Cruz, M., Daniel, P., Morais, L., Moreira, R., Rosa, S., Rodrigues, I., Selas, M., Apostu, A., Cosor, O., Gaita, L., Giurgiu, L., Hudrea, C., Maximov, D., Moldovan, B., Mosteoru, S., Pleava, R., Ionescu, M., Parepa, I., Arutyunov, A., Ausheva, A., Isakova, S., Karpova, A., Salbieva, A., Sokolova, O., Vasilevsky, A., Pozdnyakov, Y., Antropova, O., Borisova, L., Osipova, I., Aleksic, M., Crnokrak, B., Djokic, J., Hinic, S., Vukasin, T., Zdravkovic, M., Lalic, N.M., Jotic, A., Lalic, K., Lukic, L., Milicic, T., Macesic, M., Stanarcic Gajovic, J., Stoiljkovic, M., Djordjevic, D., Kostic, S., Tasic, I., Vukovic, A., Jug, B., Juhant, A., Krt, A., Kugonjič, U., Chipayo Gonzales, D., Gómez Barrado, J.J., Kounka, Z., Marcos Gómez, G., Mogollón Jiménez, M.V., Ortiz Cortés, C., Perez Espejo, P., Porras Ramos, Y., Colman, R., Delgado, J., Otero, E., Pérez, A., Fernández-Olmo, M.R., Torres-LLergo, J., Vasco, C., Barreñada, E., Botas, J., Campuzano, R., González, Y., Rodrigo, M., de Pablo, C., Velasco, E., Hernández, S., Lozano, C., González, P., Castro, A., Dalmau, R., Hernández, D., Irazusta, F.J., Vélez, A., Vindel, C., Gómez-Doblas, J.J., García Ruíz, V., Gómez, L., Gómez García, M, Jiménez-Navarro, M., Molina Ramos, A., Marzal, D., Martínez, G., Lavado, R., Vidal, A., Boström-Nilsson, V., Kjellström, B., Shahim, B., Smetana, S., Hansen, O., Stensgaard-Nake, E., Klijn, A.J., Mangus, T.J.P., Peters, R.J.G., Scholte op Reimer, W., Snaterse, M., Aydoğdu, S., Ç Erol, Otürk, S., Tulunay Kaya, C., Ahmetoğlu, Y., Ergene, O., Akdeniz, B., Çırgamış, D., Akkoyun H Kültürsay, S., Kayıkçıoğlu, M., Çatakoğlu, A.B., Çengel, A., Koçak, A.A., Ağırbaşlı, M.A., Açıksarı, G., Çekin, M.E., Kaya, E.B., Koçyiğit, D., Öngen, Z., Özmen, E., Sansoy, V., Kaya, A., Oktay, V., Temizhan, A., Ünal, S., İ Yakut, Kalkan, A.K., Bozkurt, E., Kasapkara, H.A., Faradzh, C., Hrubyak, L., Konoplianyk, L., Kozhuharyova, N., Lobach, L., Nesukai, V., Nudchenko, O., Simagina, T., Yakovenko, L., Azarenko, V., Potabashny, V., Bazylevych, A., Bazylevych, M., Kaminska, K., Panchenko, L., Shershnyova, O., Ovrakh, T., Serik, S., Kolesnik, T., Kosova, H., Hoye P Atkin, A., Fellowes, D., Lindsay, S., Atkinson, C., Kranilla, C., Vinod, M., Beerachee, Y., Bennett, C., Broome, M., Bwalya, A., Caygill, Lindsay, Dinning, L., Gillespie, A., Goodfellow, R., Guy, J., Idress, T., Mills, C., Morgan, C., Oustance, N., Singh, N., Yare, M., Jagoda, J.M., Bowyer, H., Christenssen, V., Groves, A., Jan, A., Riaz, A., Gill, M., Sewell, T.A., Gorog, D., Baker, M., De Sousa, P., Mazenenga, T., Porter, J., Haines, F., Peachey, T., Taaffe, J., Wells, K., Ripley, D.P., Forward, H., McKie, H., Pick, S.L., Thomas, H.E., Batin, P.D., Exley, D., Rank, T., Wright, J., Kardos, A., Sutherland, S.-B., Wren, L., Leeson, P., Barker, D., Moreby, B., Sawyer, J., Stirrup, J., Brunton, M., Brodison, A., Craig, J., Peters, S., Kaprielian, R., Bucaj, A., Mahay, K., Oblak, M., Gale, C., Pye, M., McGill, Y., Redfearn, H., Fearnley, M., De Backer, Guy, Jankowski, Piotr, Kotseva, Kornelia, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Reiner, Željko, Rydén, Lars, Tokgözoğlu, Lale, Wood, David, and De Bacquer, Dirk

Published
2019
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4. Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with coronary heart disease: Results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey in 27 countries

Author

De Backer, Guy Jankowski, Piotr Kotseva, Kornelia and Mirrakhimov, Erkin Reiner, Zeljko Ryden, Lars Tokgozoglu, Lale Wood, David De Bacquer, Dirk Abreu, A. Aguiar, C. and Badariene, J. Bruthans, J. Castro Conde, A. Cifkova, R. and Crowley, J. Davletov, K. De Smedt, D. De Sutter, J. and Deckers, J. W. Dilic, M. Dolzhenko, M. Druais, H. and Dzerve, V. Erglis, A. Fras, Z. Gaita, D. Gotcheva, N. and Grobbee, D. E. Gyberg, V. Ali, H. Hasan Heuschmann, P. and Hoes, A. W. Lalic, N. Lehto, S. Lovic, D. Maggioni, A. P. Mancas, S. Marques-Vidal, P. Mellbin, L. Milicic, D. Oganov, R. Pogosova, N. Stagmo, M. Stoerk, S. and Sundvall, J. Tsioufis, K. Vulic, D. Wood, D. A. and Jennings, C. Adamska, A. Adamska, S. Mellbin, L. and Tuomilehto, J. Schnell, O. Fiorucci, E. Glemot, M. and Larras, F. Missiamenou, V. Maggioni, A. Taylor, C. and Ferreira, T. Lemaitre, K. Raman, L. Sundvall, J. and DeSmedt, D. De Sutter, J. Willems, A. M. De Pauw, M. and Vervaet, P. Bollen, J. Dekimpe, E. Mommen, N. Van Genechten, G. Dendale, P. Bouvier, C. A. Chenu, P. and Huyberechts, D. Persu, A. Dilic, M. Begic, A. Nalbantic, A. Durak Dzubur, A. Hadzibegic, N. Iglica, A. Kapidjic, S. Bico, A. Osmanagic Resic, N. Bajramovic, N. Sabanovic and Zvizdic, F. Vulic, D. Kovacevic-Preradovic, T. and Popovic-Pejicic, S. Djekic, D. Gnjatic, T. Knezevic, T. and Kovacevic-Preradovic, T. Kos, Lj Popovic-Pejicic, S. and Stanetic, B. Topic, G. Gotcheva, N. Georgiev, Borislav and Terziev, A. Vladimirov, G. Angelov, A. Kanazirev, B. and Nikolaeva, S. Tonkova, D. Vetkova, M. Milicic, D. and Bosnic, A. Dubravcic, M. Glavina, M. Mance, M. and Pavasovic, S. Samardzic, J. Batinic, T. Crljenko, K. and Delic-Brkljacic, D. Dula, K. Golubic, K. Klobucar, I. and Kordic, K. Kos, N. Nedic, M. Olujic, D. Sedinic, V. and Blazevic, T. Pasalic, A. Percic, M. Sikic, J. Bruthans, J. Cifkova, R. Hasplova, K. Sulc, P. Wohlfahrt, P. and Mayer, Jr., O. Cvicela, M. Filipovsky, J. Gelzinsky, J. and Hronova, M. Hasan-Ali, H. Bakery, S. Mosad, E. Hamed, H. B. Ibrahim, A. Elsharef, M. A. Kholef, E. F. Shehata, A. and Youssef, M. Elhefny, E. Farid, H. Moustafa, T. M. and Sobieh, M. S. Kabil, H. Abdelmordy, A. Lehto, S. and Kiljander, E. Kiljander, P. Koukkunen, H. Mustonen, J. and Cremer, C. Frantz, S. Haupt, A. Hofmann, U. Ludwig, K. and Melnyk, H. Noutsias, M. Karmann, W. Prondzinsky, R. and Herdeg, C. Hoevelborn, T. Daaboul, A. Geisler, T. and Keller, T. Sauerbrunn, D. Walz-Ayed, M. Ertl, G. Leyh, R. Stoerk, S. Heuschmann, P. Ehlert, T. Klocke, B. and Krapp, J. Ludwig, T. Kaes, J. Starke, C. Ungethuem, K. and Wagner, M. Wiedmann, S. Tsioufis, K. Tolis, P. and Vogiatzi, G. Sanidas, E. Tsakalis, K. Kanakakis, J. and Koutsoukis, A. Vasileiadis, K. Zarifis, J. Karvounis, C. and Crowley, J. Gibson, I. Houlihan, A. Kelly, C. O'Donnell, M. Bennati, M. Cosmi, F. Mariottoni, B. Morganti, M. and Cherubini, A. Di Lenarda, A. Radini, D. Ramani, F. and Francese, M. G. Gulizia, M. M. Pericone, D. Davletov, K. and Aigerim, K. Bekbolat, Z. Amirov, B. Assembekov, B. and Chernokurova, E. Ibragimova, F. Kodasbayev, A. Markova, A. and Asanbaev, A. Toktomamatov, U. Tursunbaev, M. Zakirov, U. and Abilova, S. Arapova, R. Bektasheva, E. Esenbekova, J. and Neronova, K. Asanbaev, A. Baigaziev, K. Toktomamatov, U. and Zakirov, U. Baitova, G. Zheenbekov, T. Erglis, A. and Andrejeva, T. Bajare, I. Kucika, G. Labuce, A. Putane, L. Stabulniece, M. Dzerve, V. Klavins, E. Sime, I. and Badariene, J. Gedvilaite, L. Peciuraite, D. Sileikiene, V. and Skiauteryte, E. Solovjova, S. Sidabraite, R. Briedis, K. and Ceponiene, I. Jurenas, M. Kersulis, J. Martinkute, G. and Vaitiekiene, A. Vasiljevaite, K. Veisaite, R. Plisiene, J. Siurkaite, V. Vaiciulis, Z. Czarnecka, D. Koziel, P. and Podolec, P. Nessler, J. Gomula, P. Mirek-Bryniarska, E. and Bogacki, P. Wisniewski, A. Pajak, A. Wolfshaut-Wolak, R. and Bucko, J. Kaminski, K. Lapinska, M. Paniczko, M. and Raczkowski, A. Sawicka, E. Stachurska, Z. Szpakowicz, M. and Musial, W. Dobrzycki, S. Bychowski, J. Kosior, D. A. and Krzykwa, A. Setny, M. Kosior, D. A. Rak, A. Gasior, Z. and Haberka, M. Gasior, Z. Haberka, M. Szostak-Janiak, K. and Finik, M. Liszka, J. Botelho, A. Cachulo, M. Sousa, J. Pais, A. Aguiar, C. Durazzo, A. Matos, D. and Gouveia, R. Rodrigues, G. Strong, C. Guerreiro, R. and Aguiar, J. Abreu, A. Cruz, M. Daniel, P. Morais, L. and Moreira, R. Rosa, S. Rodrigues, I. Selas, M. Gaita, D. and Mancas, S. Apostu, A. Cosor, O. Gaita, L. Giurgiu, L. Hudrea, C. Maximov, D. Moldovan, B. Mosteoru, S. and Pleava, R. Ionescu, M. Parepa, I. Pogosova, N. and Arutyunov, A. Ausheva, A. Isakova, S. Karpova, A. and Salbieva, A. Sokolova, O. Vasilevsky, A. Pozdnyakov, Y. and Antropova, O. Borisova, L. Osipova, I. Lovic, D. and Aleksic, M. Crnokrak, B. Djokic, J. Hinic, S. Vukasin, T. Zdravkovic, M. Lalic, N. M. Jotic, A. Lalic, K. and Lukic, L. Milicic, T. Macesic, M. Gajovic, J. Stanarcic and Stoiljkovic, M. Djordjevic, D. Kostic, S. Tasic, I. and Vukovic, A. Fras, Z. Jug, B. Juhant, A. Krt, A. and Kugonjic, U. Chipayo Gonzales, D. Gomez Barrado, J. J. and Kounka, Z. Marcos Gomez, G. Mogollon Jimenez, M. V. Ortiz Cortes, C. Perez Espejo, P. Porras Ramos, Y. Colman, R. and Delgado, J. Otero, E. Perez, A. Fernandez-Olmo, M. R. and Torres-LLergo, J. Vasco, C. Barrenada, E. Botas, J. and Campuzano, R. Gonzalez, Y. Rodrigo, M. de Pablo, C. and Velasco, E. Hernandez, S. Lozano, C. Gonzalez, P. and Castro, A. Dalmau, R. Hernandez, D. Irazusta, F. J. and Velez, A. Vindel, C. Gomez-Doblas, J. J. Garcia Ruiz, V. and Gomez, L. Gomez Garcia, M. Jimenez-Navarro, M. Molina Ramos, A. Marzal, D. Martinez, G. Lavado, R. Vidal, A. and Bostrom-Nilsson, V. Kjellstrom, B. Shahim, B. Smetana, S. and Hansen, O. Stensgaard-Nake, E. Deckers, J. W. Klijn, A. J. Mangus, T. J. P. Peters, R. J. G. Reimer, W. Scholte Op and Snaterse, M. Aydogdu, S. Erol, C. Oturk, S. Kaya, C. Tulunay Ahmetoglu, Y. Ergene, O. Akdeniz, B. Cirgamis, D. Kultursay, S. Akkoyun H. Kayikcioglu, M. Catakoglu, A. B. and Cengel, A. Kocak, A. A. Agirbasli, M. A. Aciksari, G. and Cekin, M. E. Kaya, E. B. Kocyigit, D. Ongen, Z. and Ozmen, E. Sansoy, V. Kaya, A. Oktay, V. Temizhan, A. and Unal, S. Yakut, I. Kalkan, A. K. Bozkurt, E. Kasapkara, H. A. Dolzhenko, M. Faradzh, C. Hrubyak, L. Konoplianyk, L. Kozhuharyova, N. Lobach, L. Nesukai, V. Nudchenko, O. and Simagina, T. Yakovenko, L. Azarenko, V. Potabashny, V. and Bazylevych, A. Bazylevych, M. Kaminska, K. Panchenko, L. and Shershnyova, O. Ovrakh, T. Serik, S. Kolesnik, T. and Kosova, H. Adamska, A. Adamska, S. Jennings, C. Atkin, A. Hoye P. Fellowes, D. Lindsay, S. Atkinson, C. and Kranilla, C. Vinod, M. Beerachee, Y. Bennett, C. Broome, M. Bwalya, A. Caygill, Lindsay Dinning, L. Gillespie, A. and Goodfellow, R. Guy, J. Idress, T. Mills, C. Morgan, C. Oustance, N. Singh, N. Yare, M. Jagoda, J. M. and Bowyer, H. Christenssen, V. Groves, A. Jan, A. Riaz, A. and Gill, M. Sewell, T. A. Gorog, D. Baker, M. De Sousa, P. Mazenenga, T. Porter, J. Haines, F. Peachey, T. and Taaffe, J. Wells, K. Ripley, D. P. Forward, H. McKie, H. and Pick, S. L. Thomas, H. E. Batin, P. D. Exley, D. and Rank, T. Wright, J. Kardos, A. Sutherland, S. -B. Wren, L. Leeson, P. Barker, D. Moreby, B. Sawyer, J. and Stirrup, J. Brunton, M. Brodison, A. Craig, J. Peters, S. Kaprielian, R. Bucaj, A. Mahay, K. Oblak, M. and Gale, C. Pye, M. McGill, Y. Redfearn, H. Fearnley, M. and EUROASPIRE V Collaborators Writing Comm Sci Steering Executive Comm Coordinating Ctr Diabet Ctr Data Management Ctr Stat Anal Ctr Cent Lab Study Ctr Org Investigators Other

Abstract

Background and aims: One of the objectives of the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey is to determine how well European guidelines on the management of dyslipidaemias are implemented in coronary patients. Methods: Standardized methods were used by trained technicians to collect information on 7824 patients from 130 centers in 27 countries, from the medical records and at a visit at least 6 months after hospitalization for a coronary event. All lipid measurements were performed in one central laboratory. Patients were divided into three groups: on high-intensity LDL-C-lowering-drug therapy (LLT), on low or moderate-intensity LLT and on no LLT. Results: At the time of the visit, almost half of the patients were on a high-intensity LLT. Between hospital discharge and the visit, LLT had been reduced in intensity or interrupted in 20.8% of the patients and had been started or increased in intensity in 11.7%. In those who had interrupted LLT or had reduced the intensity, intolerance to LLT and the advice of their physician were reported as the reason why in 15.8 and 36.8% of the cases, respectively. LDL-C control was better in those on a high-intensity LLT compared to those on low or moderate intensity LLT. LDL-C control was better in men than women and in patients with self-reported diabetes. Conclusions: The results of the EUROASPIRE V survey show that most coronary patients have a less than optimal management of LDL-C. More professional strategies are needed, aiming at lifestyle changes and LLT adapted to the need of the individual patient.

Published
2019

7. Equine viral arteritis

Author

Kosec Marjan, Šterbenc Nataša, Mrkun Janko, Klobučar Igor, and Klinc Primož

Subjects
horses, equine viral arteritis, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a contagious disease of equids caused by equine artheritis virus (EAV), widespread in most countries in the world, where patients are diagnosed. The infection usually starts asymptomatic. Clinical signs indicate respiratory infection of different intensity and also abortions are present at different stages of gestation. Large prevalence of this disease in the world has become a growing economic problem. The disease is specific to a particular kind of animals, and it affects only equids (horses, donkeys, mules, mule and zebras). In countries where the infection has been confirmed, the percentage of positive animals differ. Likewise, there is difference in percentage among certain animal kinds. The highest percentage of positive animals has been found in totters and the lowest in cold-blooded.

Published
2016
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8. Influence of sexually transmitted infections in a horse breeding

Author

Kosec Marjan, Šterbenc Nataša, Mrkun Janko, Klobučar Igor, and Klinc Primož

Subjects
horses, infections, sexually transmitted, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

The most frequent problems in horses reproduction are generally divided into those of infectious and non infectious etiology. Common causes of infectious diseases are usual­ly viruses and bacteria, and less frequently protozoa, mykoplasma and fungi. In this work there are presented the most important fact about sexually transmitted diseases, their clinical picture, risk factors, preventive measures as well as measures to prevent and eradicate the diseases. The biggest risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases in horses are breeding stallions, both in natural mating and in artificial insemination. Therefore, in order to prevent genital infections in horses, it is essential that the stallions used for breeding are healthy (non-infected). That can be determined with certainty only if the stallions are examined (tested) just before the breeding season on most frequent sexually transmitted diseases (CEM,EAV). It is well known that in most cases the clinical picture of sexually transmitted diseses is not manifested on genitals. As well, variations in clinical picture can be expected also in mares, depending on the stage of the disease and its etiology. Harms arising from sexually transmitted diseases can be divided into direct and indirect. Direct damage occurs in the form of endometritis, miscarriage, stillbirths and births of weak foals, and indirect in restricting the traffic of infected and suspicios animals, isolation of the infected ones as well as medical treatment and interrupting mating.

Published
2015
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9. Prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis infection in stallions in Slovenia: bacteriology compared with PCR examination.

Author

Zdovc I, Ocepek M, Gruntar I, Pate M, Klobucar I, and Krt B

Subjects
Animals, Colony Count, Microbial methods, Colony Count, Microbial veterinary, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections epidemiology, Horse Diseases epidemiology, Horses, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Prevalence, Sensitivity and Specificity, Slovenia epidemiology, Time Factors, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections veterinary, Horse Diseases diagnosis, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Taylorella equigenitalis isolation & purification
Abstract

Reasons for Performing Study: The prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis infection in Slovenia is unknown and methods used to refine identification in these stallions are required., Hypothesis: In diagnosis of T. equigenitalis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) would have advantages over culture methods, especially in cases where small numbers of causal agent or intensive contamination of genital swabs are involved., Methods: Culture method and PCR were used to examine a total of 980 genital swabs from the urethra and fossa urethralis of 245 stallions for the presence of the contagious equine metritis organism., Results: Among 245 examined stallions, 225 (91.8%) were negative to T. equigenitalis by both methods. From the swabs of 17 stallions (6.9%) T. equigenitalis was isolated at first and/or second sampling. Swabs of 3 (13%) stallions were PCR positive but the isolation of T. equigenitalis failed. The rate of T. equigenitalis detection was higher with PCR than with the classic bacteriological examination., Conclusions and Potential Relevance: PCR protocol used in this study provided a specific, sensitive, and simple tool for rapid detection of T. equigenitalis. PCR is especially valuable in cases of intensive bacterial and fungal contamination of swabs where the isolation of T. equigenitalis usually fails.

Published
2005
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