47 results on '"Klippel-Feil anomaly"'
Search Results
2. A case of coexistence of multiple vascular anomalies including the absence of a left internal carotid artery, a left vertebral artery arising from the subclavian artery in a high cervical location, and a bovine arch associated with vertebral fusion.
- Author
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Ichikawa T, Kawada S, Okazaki T, Yokoyama K, Kobayashi M, Katoh H, Watanabe M, and Hashimoto J
- Abstract
We report a rare 16-year-old male case of Klippel-Feil anomaly associated with fetal alcohol syndrome exhibiting complex congenital vascular anomalies. The congenital vascular anomalies observed were the absence of a left internal carotid artery, a left vertebral artery arising from the subclavian artery in a very high cervical location and a bovine arch. The vascular and vertebral anomalies were evaluated using CT and MRI before cervical surgery., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)
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- 2024
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3. Cervical and Thoracic Spine: Normal Variants and Artifacts
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McKinney, Alexander, Cayci, Zuzan, Gencturk, Mehmet, Nascene, David, Rischall, Matt, Rykken, Jeffrey, Ott, Frederick, McKinney, Alexander, Cayci, Zuzan, Gencturk, Mehmet, Nascene, David, Rischall, Matt, Rykken, Jeffrey, and Ott, Frederick
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- 2018
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4. Klippel–Feil Syndrome with Cervical Diastematomyelia in an Adult with Extensive Cervicothoracic Fusions: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
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Srinivasan, Ethan S., Mehta, Vikram A., Smith, Gabriel C., Than, Khoi D., and Terry, Anna R.
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CERVICAL vertebrae , *THORACIC vertebrae , *LITERATURE reviews , *LUMBAR vertebrae , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *NECK pain - Abstract
Split cord malformation (SCM) is a developmental disorder that is usually symptomatic and diagnosed in childhood. The majority of these lesions are in the thoracic and lumbar spine, with only 1%–3% of cases found in the cervical spine. This is a case report of a 55-year-old female patient with an unremarkable medical history who presented with neck pain. Upon workup, she was found to have extensive developmental anomalies throughout her cervical and thoracic spine, including an incidentally found type 2 SCM and multiple autofused vertebrae. There are only 6 similar studies published in the literature. There was extensive facet degeneration in her cervical spine, which was suspected to be the etiology of her neck pain. This case illustrates the rare finding of asymptomatic adult cervical SCM and the likely significance of her autofused vertebrae causing accelerated symptomatic facet spondylosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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5. Spinal cord contusion and quadriplegia in a patient with Klippel-Feil anomaly
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Amit Agrawal
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Cervical cord contusion ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,minor trauma ,Klippel- Feil syndrome ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Published
- 2014
6. Microdeletions involving Chromosomes 12 and 22 Associated with Syndromic Duane Retraction Syndrome.
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Abu-Amero, Khaled K., Kondkar, Altaf A., Oystreck, Darren T., Khan, Arif O., and Bosley, Thomas M.
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CHROMOSOMES , *DUANE retraction syndrome , *MONOGENIC & polygenic inheritance (Genetics) , *COMPARATIVE genomic hybridization , *GENOMES , *X-rays , *KLIPPEL-Feil syndrome - Abstract
Background: Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is the most common of the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs). CCDDs can be monogenic or chromosomal in origin. Identification of the genetic cause(s) in patients and families with DRS facilitates definitive diagnosis and provides insights into these developmental errors. Materials and Methods: This study described a young girl with DRS on the left and several additional developmental abnormalities. Clinical examination including neuroimaging, sequencing of candidate genes associated with DRS, and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) were performed. Results: The proband had unilateral DRS type 3 on the left with somewhat low-set ears, mild motor delay with normal intelligence, and an asymmetric neck without a palpable right sternocleidomastoid muscle. Spine X-rays revealed a Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) and an MRI showed a webbed neck. She also had spina bifida at C8-T1 and a submucosal cleft palate. The parents of the proband were related with no other family member affected similarly. Sequencing of SALL4, CHN1, HOXA1, and TUBB3 did not show any mutation. Array CGH revealed de novo deletions of 21 Kb on chromosome 12q24.31 and 11 Kb on chromosome 22q13.31, each encompassing only one gene, ring finger protein 34, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (RNF34) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ( PPARA) respectively. Conclusions: This patient presents an unusual phenotype associated with a unique combination of two chromosomal microdeletions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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7. Xq26.3 Microdeletion in a Male with Wildervanck Syndrome.
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Abu-Amero, Khaled K., Kondkar, Altaf A., Alorainy, Ibrahim A., Khan, Arif O., Al-Enazy, Leila A., Oystreck, Darren T., and Bosley, Thomas M.
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DELETION mutation , *DISEASES in men , *DUANE retraction syndrome , *GENETICS of deafness , *BRAIN imaging , *COMPARATIVE genomic hybridization , *CHROMOSOMES - Abstract
Background: Wildervanck Syndrome (WS; cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome) consists of Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), the Klippel-Feil anomaly, and congenital deafness. It is much more common in females than males and could be due to an X-linked mutation that is lethal to hemizygous males. We present the genetic evaluation of a male with WS and his family. Materials and Methods: Clinical evaluation and neuroimaging, sequencing of candidate genes, and array comparative genomic hybridization. Results: The patient had bilateral type 1 DRS, fusion of almost the entire cervical spine, and bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss due to bilateral cochlear dysplasia; he also had congenital heart disease requiring surgery. His parents were unrelated, and he had eight unaffected siblings. The patient had no mutation found by Sanger sequencing of HOXA1, KIF21A, SALL4, and CHN1. He had a 3kB deletion in the X-chromosome at Xq26.3 that was not found in his mother, one unaffected sibling, or 56 healthy controls of matching ethnicity. This deletion encompassed only one gene, Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factor 13 ( FGF13), which encodes a 216-amino acid protein that acts intracellularly in neurons throughout brain development. Conclusions: Analysis of this patient's phenotype and genotype open the possibility that X-chromosome deletions may be a cause of WS with larger deletions being lethal to males and that FGF13 mutations may be a cause of WS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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8. Congenital Anomalies at the Craniovertebral Junction-Posterior Fossa Region: Report of Two Cases.
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Madhugiri, Venkatesh S. and Bhagavatula, Indira Devi
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ATLANTO-occipital joint , *DERMOID cysts , *KLIPPEL-Feil syndrome , *BONE diseases , *SOFT tissue injuries - Abstract
Background Various combinations of bony and soft tissue anomalies have been described at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). These include posterior fossa dermoids (with or without dermal sinuses) associated with Klippel-Feil anomalies and dermoids (no previous reports of overlying dermal sinuses) associated with bony anomalies. Patients Two patients with a combination of CVJ anomalies are described. Results Both patients had a posterior fossa dermoid, dermal sinus, and occipitalized C1 arch. Furthermore, one patient had a complex bony CVJ anomaly, and the other had a Klippel-Feil anomaly in addition. The clinical presentation and management are elucidated. Conclusions Patients who present with any one of these lesions need to be evaluated for the existence of other congenital anomalies. These are complex malformations to treat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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9. Type III Klippel-Feil syndrome: case report and review of associated craniofacial anomalies.
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Naikmasur, Venkatesh, Sattur, Atul, Kirty, R., and Thakur, Arpita
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KLIPPEL-Feil syndrome ,CRANIOFACIAL dysostosis ,SKULL abnormalities ,TEETH abnormalities ,DENTISTRY - Abstract
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a complex syndrome of osseous and visceral anomalies that include the classical clinical triad of short neck, limitation of head and neck movements and low posterior hairline. It may also be associated with anomalies of the genitourinary, musculoskeletal, neurologic and cardiac systems. We report a case of type III KFS with associated rib anomalies such as cervical rib, fusion and bifid ribs, scoliosis and fused crossed renal ectopia. The aim of this paper was to summarize all craniofacial anomalies that occur in association with KFS, so that clinicians would be aware of them during diagnosis and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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10. An Uncommon Cause of Duane Syndrome in a Child: Wildervanck Syndrome.
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Anık, Ahmet, Ünüvar, Tolga, Dursun, Şiar, Tosun, Ayşe Fahriye, Polat, Ahmet, Anık, Ayşe, and Durum, Yasemin
- Abstract
Duane syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by limitation of abduction and/or adduction accompanied with lid fissure narrowing, and globe retraction in attempted adduction. Duane syndrome is mostly an isolated entity, but systemic anomalies have been reported in 6-10% of patients. Wildervanck syndrome (cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome) is a very rare disease comprised of the triad of Klippel-Feil deformity (congenitally fused cervical vertebrae), Duane syndrome, and hearing loss. The disorder is limited, or almost completely limited, to females, raising the question of sex-linked dominance with lethality in the hemizygous male. Herein, we describe an adolescent girl who was admitted to our clinic for obesity and diagnosed with Wildervanck syndrome due to bilateral abducens paralysis (Duane syndrome), Klippel-Feil deformity and hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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11. Cervical spinal cord neurapraxia in the setting of Klippel–Feil anomaly: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
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Gupta, S. N., Piatt Jr., J. H., and Belay, B.
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QUADRIPLEGIA , *CERVICAL vertebrae , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *LAMINECTOMY , *PRECANCEROUS conditions , *GENITOURINARY organs - Abstract
Study design:Case report.Setting:Temple University Children's Medical Center in USA.Objectives:To report a patient whose recurrent and transient episodes of quadriplegia mimicked cervical cord neurapraxia. Cervical spine neuroimaging revealed congenital intersegmental fusion of C5 through C7 (consistent with Klippel–Feil anomaly), corresponding abnormal spinal cord signals on T2-weighted images and enhancing focal lesion opposite the C4 vertebral body. A posterior cervical decompression at C4–C5 and lateral mass fixation was performed, and the episodic quadriplegia has not recurred.Conclusion:Understanding of the biomechanics of Klippel–Feil anomaly may facilitate prompt referral for surgical management and avoidance of permanent disability.Spinal Cord (2007) 45, 637–640; doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101999; published online 28 November 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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12. De novo inv(2)(p12q34) associated with Klippel-Feil anomaly and hypodontia.
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Papagrigorakis, Manolis J., Synodinos, Philippos N., Daliouris, Constandinos P., and Metaxotou, Caterina
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VERTEBRAE , *HUMAN chromosome abnormalities , *DISEASES - Abstract
Unlabelled: The present case report describes a patient with Klippel-Feil anomaly (KFA) and oligodontia, carrying a de novo pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 (p12q34). KFA is characterised by congenital vertebral fusion of the cervical spine and a wide spectrum of associated anomalies. It therefore constitutes a heterogenous group of clinical conditions and has been classified morphologically, although its aetiology remains unclear. We present an 18-year-old female with KFA, associated with congenital impairment of hearing, psychomotor retardation, speech limitation, short stature, spinal scoliosis, facial asymmetry and latent hypothyroidism. No renal anomaly or heart disease was present. In addition, she exhibited oligodontia of both the deciduous and permanent dentition, a unique characteristic that has not yet been reported in any non-cleft palate KFA case.Conclusion: The current report of a patient with oligodontia and an inversion on chromosome 2 may aid in the identification of novel genes for oligodontia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2003
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13. DENTAL IMAGING DILEMMAS IN KLIPPEL-FEIL ANOMALY
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D.D. Rice, Barry Pass, and Kenneth Abramovitch
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Orthodontics ,Large field of view ,Cone beam computed tomography ,Scanner ,business.industry ,Occipital bone ,Dental imaging ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Vertebral fusion ,stomatognathic system ,Clivus ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Dentistry (miscellaneous) ,Surgery ,Oral Surgery ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly - Abstract
Background Because of the broad range of findings, Klippel-Feil syndrome has also been referred to as Klippel-Feil sequence and Klippel-Feil anomaly. It is classified into 3 types that differ in degree and location of vertebral fusion. Another contemporary classification also includes patterns of inheritance. Case Report A 19-year-old male needed panoramic imaging to evaluate his third molars. However, because of Klippel-Feil disfigurement, his head and neck posture did not fit into various panoramic imaging units. With an altered oblique head positioning in a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner (NewTom VGi), his jaws were scanned. The CBCT volumetric data were then realigned and reconstructed in CBCT viewing software (InVivoDental 6.0). These reconstructions were appropriate to assess the indicated dental status and to update the assessment of the cervical vertebral development—a limiting condition of Klippel-Feil syndrome. Definitive Interpretation The scan data were able to provide the indicated periapical assessment, particularly of the third molars. Postural compromises were also noted in the anterior alignment of the odontoid process–C1 articulation and their alignment to the clivus of the occipital bone. There was also cervical vertebral aplasia with complete fusion of C2-C7. These findings were contributory to his altered posture. Discussion of Imaging The availability of large volume CBCT scanners, with their larger footprint, scanning circumference, and larger scanning size area, provide an imaging option for patients with mental and physical disabilities. In the past, a single large field of view (FOV) CBCT scan has been purported by CBCT manufacturers to be a one-stop imaging solution for all extraoral imaging. Dosimetry data and FDA selection criteria have since contraindicated the use of large volume FOV scanning to replace standard periapical, panoramic, and cephalometric imaging. This case report supports the alternative use of CBCT to acquire standard extraoral images when standard imaging is not possible.
- Published
- 2019
14. Cervico-thoracic neurenteric cyst: clinicoradiological correlation with embryogenesis.
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Prasad, V., Reddy, D., and Murty, J.
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Two cases of cervico-dorsal neurenteric cysts are presented, one located dorsal and the other ventral to the spinal cord, with associated Klippel-Feil anomaly, meningocele, spinal dysraphism and possibly spinal cord malformation. One patient was operated on as a neonate for a cervico-thoracic meningocele and presented during adolescence with spastic quadriparesis. Imaging revealed spina bifida, a dorsally located neurenteric cyst and a tendency towards split cord malformation. The other child presented with cervicothoracic kyphoscoliosis and paraparesis. Imaging demonstrated persistence of a cervico-thoracic remnant of the primitive neurenteric canal through the upper thoracic spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1996
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15. Disc prolapse and cord contusion in a case of Klippel-Feil syndrome following minor trauma.
- Author
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Agrawal, Amit, Badve, Arvind M., Swarnkar, Nikhil, and Sarda, Kaustubh
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CERVICAL syndrome , *CERVICAL vertebrae dislocation , *CERVICAL vertebrae injuries , *BRUISES - Abstract
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is defined as congenital fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae and patients with KFS are frequently asymptomatic. However, these patients are especially prone to cervical cord injury after a minor fall or a major traumatic episode. We report an unusual case of KFS where the patient had disc prolapse between two Klippel-Feil segments and discuss the difficulties in the management of this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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16. Congenital Anomalies at the Craniovertebral Junction–Posterior Fossa Region: Report of Two Cases
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Venkatesh S Madhugiri and Indira Devi Bhagavatula
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Adult ,Male ,Posterior fossa ,Dermal Sinus ,Quadriplegia ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Humans ,Medicine ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Dermoid Cyst ,Neck Pain ,business.industry ,Headache ,Soft tissue ,Anatomy ,Urination Disorders ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Atlanto-Occipital Joint ,Cranial Fossa, Posterior ,Scoliosis ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Female ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business - Abstract
Background Various combinations of bony and soft tissue anomalies have been described at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). These include posterior fossa dermoids (with or without dermal sinuses) associated with Klippel-Feil anomalies and dermoids (no previous reports of overlying dermal sinuses) associated with bony anomalies. Patients Two patients with a combination of CVJ anomalies are described. Results Both patients had a posterior fossa dermoid, dermal sinus, and occipitalized C1 arch. Furthermore, one patient had a complex bony CVJ anomaly, and the other had a Klippel-Feil anomaly in addition. The clinical presentation and management are elucidated. Conclusions Patients who present with any one of these lesions need to be evaluated for the existence of other congenital anomalies. These are complex malformations to treat.
- Published
- 2013
17. Syndromic versus nonsyndromic atlantoaxial dislocation: do clinico-radiological differences have a bearing on management?
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Shubha R. Phadke, Sanjay Behari, Jayesh Sardhara, Rabi Narayan Sahu, Anant Mehrotra, Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal, Uttam Singh, and Arun Kumar Srivastava
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Adolescent ,Treatment outcome ,Joint Dislocations ,Surgical methods ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Cervical Atlas ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Neuroradiology ,Atlantoaxial dislocation ,business.industry ,Decompression, Surgical ,Surgery ,Radiography ,Spinal Fusion ,Treatment Outcome ,Atlanto-Axial Joint ,Radiological weapon ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neurosurgery ,business - Abstract
This prospective study attempts to study the clinico-radiological differences between patients with syndromic AAD (SAAD), non-syndromic AAD (NSAAD), and AAD with Klippel-Feil anomaly (AADKFA) that may impact management.In 46 patients with AAD [SAAD (including Morquio, Down, Larson and Marshall syndrome and achondroplasia; n = 6); NSAAD(n = 20); and, AADKFS (n = 20)], myelopathy was graded as mild (n = 17, 37 %), moderate (15, 32.5 %) or severe (14, 30.5 %) based on Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score modified for Indian patients (mJOAS). Basilar invagination (BI), basal angle, odontoid hypoplasia, facet-joint angle, effective canal diameter, Ishihara curvature index, and angle of retroversion of odontoid and vertebral artery (VA) variations were also studied.Clinico-radiological differences were assessed by Fisher's exact test, and mean craniometric values by Kruskal-Wallis test (p value ≤ 0.05 significant)Incidence of irreducible AAD in SAAD (n = 0), NSA AD (11.55 %) and AADKFS (n = 18.90 %) showed significant difference (p = 0.01). High incidence of kyphoscoliosis (83 %) and odontoid hypoplasia (83 %) in SAAD, and assimilated atlas and BI in NSAAD and AADKFA groups were found. In AADKFA, effective canal diameter was significantly reduced(p = 0.017) with increased Ishihara index and increased angle of odontoid retroversion; 61 % patients had VA variations. Thirty-five patients underwent single-stage transoral decompression with posterior fusion (for irreducible AAD) or direct posterior stabilization (for reducible AAD). Postoperative mJOAS evaluation often revealed persistent residual myelopathy despite clinical improvement.Myelopathy is induced by recurrent cord trauma due to reducible AAD in SAAD, and compromised cervicomedullary canal diameter in NSAAD and AADKFA. SAAD in children may be missed due to incomplete odontoid ossification or coexisting angular deformities. In AADKFA, decisions regarding vertebral levels to be included in posterior stabilization should take into consideration intact intervening motion segments and compensatory cervical hyperlordosis. Following VA injury, endovascular primary vessel occlusion/stenting across pseudoaneurysm preempts delayed rehemorrhage.
- Published
- 2013
18. Azoospermia in a Male with Klippel–Feil Anomaly
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Elizabeth Bearrick, Joshua A Bodie, and Maria Uloko
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Infertility ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Obstructive azoospermia ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,urologic and male genital diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Renal agenesis ,Gynecology ,Azoospermia ,Cervical somite dysplasia ,business.industry ,Genetic disorder ,Aplasia ,Klippel Feil anomaly ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Dysplasia ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Andrology and Fertility ,Mullerian duct aplasia ,business - Abstract
Mullerian-duct aplasia, renal agenesis, and cervical somite dysplasia (MURCS) is a rare genetic disorder. Previously thought to be exclusive in females, there have now been a small number of case reports describing a male analogue. We describe a patient with obstructive azoospermia and Klippel–Feil anomaly.
- Published
- 2017
19. Concurrent Klippel-Feil Anomaly, Tethering and Dermoid Cyst Misinterpreted as Pott disease: A Case Report
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BA Ramakrishna, V Shanthi, A Agrawal, and T Gopalkrishnaiah
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Dorsum ,Orthopedic surgery ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Congenital spinal malformation ,Dermal Sinus ,Anatomy ,Klippel-Feil syndrome ,medicine.disease ,Pott disease ,Dermoid cyst ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,dermal sinus ,business ,dermoid cysts ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is characterized by the failure in segmentation of two or more vertebrae due to an abnormal division of the mesodermal somites and has been reported to be associated with cardiac and central nervous system anomalies. We report a rare occurrence of concurrent Klippel-Feil anomaly, tethering and dermoid cyst of dorsal spine masquerading Potts’ disease in an eighteen years old female. In rare instances the KFS can be associated with intracranial or spinal tumors, most frequently dermoid or epidermoid cysts. Key Words Congenital spinal malformation, Klippel-Feil syndrome, dermal sinus, dermoid cysts
- Published
- 2014
20. Spinal Neurenteric Cyst in Association with Klippel-Feil Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review
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Ellianne Jacira dos Santos Rubio, Anil Can, Robert M. Verdijk, Bas Jasperse, B. Sanjay Harhangi, Erasmus MC other, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Pathology, and Neurosurgery
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Adult ,Male ,Neurenteric cyst ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Klippel–Feil syndrome ,Endodermal cyst ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Vertebral fusion ,Spinal neurenteric cyst ,medicine ,Humans ,Neural Tube Defects ,Congenital cyst ,Spina bifida ,business.industry ,Laminectomy ,Anatomy ,Spinal cyst ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Differential diagnosis ,Enterogenous cyst ,business ,Syringomyelia ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background Spinal neurenteric cysts, also known as endodermal or enterogenous cysts , are rare epithelium-lined structures of presumed endodermal origin. Congenital vertebral anomalies are frequently seen in patients with neurenteric cysts, most typically anterior spina bifida, butterfly vertebrae, and hemivertebrae. However, few series of intraspinal neurenteric cysts accompanied by Klippel-Feil syndrome have been reported previously. Case Description Our purpose is to present the clinical, radiological, and histological results of a 29-year-old patient with a spinal neurenteric cyst associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome and to review previous reported cases of neurenteric cysts associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome. In our patient, cervical radiography demonstrated C5-T1 vertebral fusion and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large intradural cystic mass. The cystic lesion was removed successfully, and it was histopathologically diagnosed as a neurenteric cyst. Conclusion Neurenteric cysts should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of an intraspinal cystic mass seen in the setting of vertebral anomalies.
- Published
- 2015
21. An uncommon case: cleft palate, respiratory compromise, and Klippel-Feil anomaly
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Kelly Mabry, Charles L. Castiglione, and Kerri M. Langevin
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Cleft Palate ,Medical–Surgical Nursing ,Spinal Fusion ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Medicine ,Humans ,Surgery ,Female ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly - Published
- 2014
22. Wildervanck syndrome associated with cleft palate and short stature
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Shashikant Shetty, Anupam Sahu, Perumalsamy Vijayalakshmi, and Anand B. Kumar
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Eye Movements ,Duane retraction syndrome ,Dwarfism ,Duane Retraction Syndrome ,Short stature ,Triad (sociology) ,Wildervanck syndrome ,Goldenhar Syndrome ,Postoperative Complications ,lcsh:Ophthalmology ,medicine ,Humans ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,business.industry ,Syndrome ,Klippel Feil anomaly ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Cleft Palate ,Ophthalmology ,lcsh:RE1-994 ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Brief Communications ,Cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome - Abstract
We report a case of Wildervanck syndrome exhibiting Klippel-Feil anomaly, Duane retraction syndrome and deafness. Since the first case was reported in 1952, there have been more reports describing this triad, either complete or incomplete. Our patient had the complete triad of the syndrome along with cleft palate and short stature. Also, a review of the literature regarding this syndrome is presented here.
- Published
- 2010
23. Disc prolapse and cord contusion in a case of Klippel-Feil syndrome following minor trauma
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Nikhil Swarnkar, Arvind M Badve, Kaustubh Sarda, and Amit Agrawal
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cord ,Unusual case ,business.industry ,Klippel–Feil syndrome ,Case Report ,DISC PROLAPSE ,medicine.disease ,Asymptomatic ,Surgery ,lcsh:RD701-811 ,Cervical disc ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,trauma ,lcsh:Orthopedic surgery ,Minor trauma ,Cervical cord injury ,medicine ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Cervical vertebrae - Abstract
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is defined as congenital fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae and patients with KFS are frequently asymptomatic. However, these patients are especially prone to cervical cord injury after a minor fall or a major traumatic episode. We report an unusual case of KFS where the patient had disc prolapse between two Klippel-Feil segments and discuss the difficulties in the management of this case.
- Published
- 2009
24. Familial Klippel–Feil anomaly and t(5;8)(q35.1;p21.1) translocation
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Gen Nishimura, Toshiro Nagai, Masahiro Goto, Kazuki Yamazawa, and Tsutomu Ogata
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business.industry ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Chromosomal translocation ,Anatomy ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Genetics (clinical) - Published
- 2006
25. Klippel-Feil anomaly in a boy and Dubowitz syndrome with vertebral fusion in his brother: A new variant of Dubowitz syndrome?
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Masato Tagawa, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Muneichiro Sumi, Noriko Miyake, Naoki Harada, Eiichi Kinoshita, Shoko Takahira, Osamu Shimokawa, Tatsuro Kondoh, Masayuki Obatake, and Naomichi Matsumoto
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Vertebral fusion ,business.industry ,Genetics ,medicine ,Dubowitz syndrome ,Anatomy ,New variant ,medicine.disease ,business ,Brother ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Genetics (clinical) - Published
- 2005
26. Klippel-Feil Anomaly with Sprengel Deformity
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Ellen Chung
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business.industry ,Deformity ,medicine ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly - Published
- 2012
27. Tourette Syndrome and Klippel-Feil Anomaly in a Child with Chromosome 22q11 Duplication
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Zhi Ming Fang, Ashish D. Diwan, Donald L. Gilbert, and Raymond A. Clarke
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Locus (genetics) ,Case Report ,General Medicine ,Motor Stereotypies ,Case description ,medicine.disease ,Tourette syndrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Obsessive compulsive ,Gene duplication ,medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Psychiatry ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
This is the first case description of the association of Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS), Tourette Syndrome (TS), Motor Stereotypies, and Obsessive Compulsive Behavior, with chromosome 22q11.2 Duplication Syndrome (22q11DupS). Neuropsychiatric symptoms in persons with 22q11.2 deletion, including obsessive compulsiveness, anxiety, hyperactivity, and one prior case report of TS, have been attributed to low copy number effects on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT). However, the present unique case of 22q11DupS and TS suggests a more complex relationship, either for low- or high-COMT activity, or for other genes at this locus.
- Published
- 2009
28. Single anomalies, sequences, and associations
- Author
-
W. Carl Cooley and Golder N. Wilson
- Subjects
Robin Sequence ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Genetic counseling ,Preventive health ,Epibulbar dermoid ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,VACTERL association ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Tethered Cord ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Frontonasal Malformation - Published
- 2006
29. Spinal cord contusion and quadriplegia in a patient with Klippel-Feil anomaly.
- Author
-
Agrawal, Amit
- Subjects
- *
QUADRIPLEGIA , *KLIPPEL-Feil syndrome , *TRAFFIC accident victims , *RETENTION of urine - Abstract
The article describes a case of spinal cord contusion and quadriplegia in a 43-year-old man with Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS). The patient was unable to move his limbs and had urinary retention which required catheterization following a road traffic accident. He made minimal recovery in his motor ability after undergoing anterior cervical approach, cervical discectomy and fixation.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Congenital scoliosis associated with agenesis of the uterine cervix. Case report
- Author
-
Arturo Di Blasi, Matteo Della Monica, and G. Carlomagno
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Mullerian Ducts ,Reproductive medicine ,Case Report ,Scoliosis ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Obstetrics and Gynaecology ,medicine ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Gynecology ,Medicine(all) ,Ovarian cyst ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,klippel-feil anomaly ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Müllerian agenesis ,Uterine cervix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,Agenesis ,Uterine cavity ,business - Abstract
Background Alterations in the normal sequence of development of müllerian ducts lead to a wide spectrum of reproductive tract abnormalities. A rare form of lack of development, regarding a short tract of the müllerian ducts, leads to the isolated agenesis of the uterine cervix. Anomalies identified among patients with müllerian agenesis include skeletal deformities (i.e., scoliosis of the spine and Klippel-Feil anomaly). Case presentation A 46 years old woman presenting cyphoscoliosis and very low stature (120 cm – 3,93 feet), came to our observation for acute pelvic pain; she also reported primary amenorrhoea associated with cyclic pelvic pain. Clinical and imaging evaluation, evidenced a blind vaginal duct of normal length, left cystic adnexal mass, and enlarged uterus with hematometra. FSH, LH, 17β estradiol and CA-125, karyotype and radiographic study of limbs and vertebral column were also evaluated. At laparotomy, a left ovarian cyst was found. Uterus ended at the isthmus; under this level a thin fibrous tissue band was found, joining the uterus to the vagina. Uterine cervix was replaced by fibrous tissue containing some dilated glands lined with müllerian epithelium. Karyotype resulted 46, XX. The described skeletal deformity, were consistent with Klippel-Feil syndrome. Conclusion We report a case of congenital scoliosis associated with müllerian agenesis limited to uterine cervix, association thus far seen only among patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (utero-vaginal agenesis). This case report supports the necessity to evaluate, for accompanying müllerian anomalies, all cases of congenital structural scoliosis in view of the possibility for many müllerian development abnormalities, if timely diagnosed, to be surgically corrected.
- Published
- 2004
31. De novo apparently balanced reciprocal translocation between 5q1l.2 and 17q23 associated with Klippel-Feil anomaly and type A1 brachydactyly
- Author
-
T. Aihara, Hiroshi Nishimoto, Hirofumi Ohashi, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Keiko Wakui, and Masato Sato
- Subjects
Genetics ,Brachydactyly ,Dysostosis ,Klippel–Feil syndrome ,Karyotype ,Chromosomal translocation ,Anatomy ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Chromosome 17 (human) ,Chromosomal Abnormality ,medicine ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
We report on a girl with Klippel-Feil anomaly, type A1 brachydactyly, and minor facial anomalies. She has an apparently balanced de novo reciprocal translocation between 5q11.2 and 17q23. The possible significance of this chromosomal abnormality is discussed.
- Published
- 1995
32. Syndrome of coronal craniosynostosis, Klippel-Feil anomaly, and sprengel shoulder with and without Pro250Arg mutation in the FGFR3 gene
- Author
-
John Fleming, Gail E. Graham, Ethylin Wang Jabs, Jennifer Gerritsen, and R. Brian Lowry
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Shoulder ,Proline ,Arginine ,Craniosynostosis ,Craniosynostoses ,medicine ,Humans ,Point Mutation ,Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Genetics (clinical) ,Family Health ,Coronal craniosynostosis ,business.industry ,Point mutation ,Brachydactyly ,Dysostosis ,Facies ,Anatomy ,Syndrome ,Synostosis ,Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,medicine.disease ,Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ,Pedigree ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Child, Preschool ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,Mutation ,Female ,business - Abstract
Pacific Health Limited, Tauranga, New ZealandA unique Pro250Arg point mutation infibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)was initially reported by Bellus et al. [1996:Nat Genet 14:174–176] and the phenotypesubsequently by Muenke et al. [1997: Am JHumGenet60:555–564],Reardonetal.[1997:J Med Genet 34:632–636], and Graham et al.[1998: Am J Med Genet 77:322–329]. Theseauthors emphasized the pleiotropic natureof this form of coronal craniosynostosis,including brachydactyly with carpal and/or tarsal coalitions, with other anomalies atlower frequency. We report on a family withautosomal dominant coronal synostosis,segmentation and fusion anomalies of thevertebra and ribs, and Sprengel shoulderdue to the Pro250Arg mutation. We alsoreport a single case with an identical phe-notype without the mutation.
- Published
- 2001
33. P882 Klippel-Feil anomaly associated, Rokitansky-Küstner syndrome, pelvic kidneys and bilateral gonadal dysgenesis: A case report
- Author
-
L. Senturk, B. Bulut, Sezai Sahmay, and Nil Atakul
- Subjects
business.industry ,medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Gonadal dysgenesis ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly - Published
- 2009
34. Klippel-Feil anomaly and neural tube defects
- Author
-
Julie McGaughran
- Subjects
Male ,Neural tube defect ,business.industry ,Neural tube ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Radiography ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Humans ,Abnormalities, Multiple ,Female ,Neural Tube Defects ,Anomaly (physics) ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Neck ,Genetics (clinical) - Published
- 2004
35. Preaxial polydactyly and other defects associated with Klippel-Feil anomaly
- Author
-
da-Silva Eo
- Subjects
Polydactyly ,business.industry ,Triphalangeal thumb ,Preaxial polydactyly ,Dysostosis ,Klippel–Feil syndrome ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Congenital fusion ,body regions ,Klippel-Feil deformity ,Thumb ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Child, Preschool ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
A 5-year-old girl with Klippel-Feil anomaly and bimanual polydactyly of triphalangeal thumb is described. The main findings include--in addition to the classical congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae and the clinical triad of short neck, limitation of head and neck movement and low-set posterior hairline--several associated abnormalities: scoliosis, spina bifida occulta, absence of ribs, conductive hearing loss, mirror movements, unilateral renal ectopia with dilation of the collecting system, and microtia. The hand malformation appears to represent a previously unreported defect associated with Klippel-Feil anomaly.
- Published
- 1993
36. Spinal Neurenteric Cyst in Association with Klippel-Feil Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review.
- Author
-
Can, Anil, Dos Santos Rubio, Ellianne J., Jasperse, Bas, Verdijk, Robert M., and Harhangi, B. Sanjay
- Subjects
- *
KLIPPEL-Feil syndrome , *CYSTS (Pathology) , *EPITHELIUM , *SPINA bifida , *MEDICAL radiography , *LAMINECTOMY - Abstract
Background Spinal neurenteric cysts, also known as endodermal or enterogenous cysts , are rare epithelium-lined structures of presumed endodermal origin. Congenital vertebral anomalies are frequently seen in patients with neurenteric cysts, most typically anterior spina bifida, butterfly vertebrae, and hemivertebrae. However, few series of intraspinal neurenteric cysts accompanied by Klippel-Feil syndrome have been reported previously. Case Description Our purpose is to present the clinical, radiological, and histological results of a 29-year-old patient with a spinal neurenteric cyst associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome and to review previous reported cases of neurenteric cysts associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome. In our patient, cervical radiography demonstrated C5-T1 vertebral fusion and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large intradural cystic mass. The cystic lesion was removed successfully, and it was histopathologically diagnosed as a neurenteric cyst. Conclusion Neurenteric cysts should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of an intraspinal cystic mass seen in the setting of vertebral anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropism-anosmia) and Klippel-Feil anomaly in the same patient
- Author
-
Carlos Venegas, Efrain Santiago, Juan Carlos Zenteno, and Susana Kofman-Alfaro
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Kallmann syndrome ,business.industry ,Anosmia ,General Medicine ,Kallman syndrome ,medicine.disease ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Hypogonadotropism ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Anatomy ,Anomaly (physics) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
A 27-year-old female is described with Kallman syndrome and Klippel-Feil anomaly. This is thought to be the first report of the coexistence of these two conditions in the same patient.
- Published
- 2000
38. Klippel-Feil anomaly, cleft palate, and bifid tongue
- Author
-
Alan D. Widgerow
- Subjects
business.industry ,Klippel–Feil syndrome ,Infant ,Palatal shelves ,Short neck ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Bifid tongue ,Cleft Palate ,Vertebral fusion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tongue ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Medicine ,Humans ,Surgery ,Structural relation ,Female ,Surgery, Plastic ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly - Abstract
The Klippel-Feil anomaly is a condition characterized by congenital vertebral fusion, which may be associated with a short neck and a low posterior hairline. In the patient presented here, there was congenital cervical fusion, cleft palate, and bifid tongue. The occurrence of cervical fusion and cleft palate has been reported previously, but this is the first report, to the author's knowledge, of these malformations being accompanied by a bifid tongue. The embryological association between Klippel-Feil anomaly and cleft palate has been alluded to on few occasions. Investigators have suggested that the short, fused neck limits movement of the head and thus of the tongue from between the palatal shelves. This report postulates that the mechanism is more complex and that it is based on a change in structural relations between certain key areas involved in the background of palatal shelf elevation.
- Published
- 1990
39. Wildervanck syndrome.
- Author
-
Kumar, A, Chaudhary, D, and Gupta, SK
- Abstract
SUMMARY We report a case of the Wildervanck (cervico-oculo-acoustic) syndrome exhibiting Klippel-Feil anomaly, congenital sensorineural deafness and bilateral sixth nerve palsy. Associated anomalies included short stature, microcephaly, mental retardation, and cleft palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Klippel-Feil anomaly combined with fetal alcohol syndrome.
- Author
-
Schilgen, M. and Loeser, H.
- Abstract
Alcohol is the most frequent and most important teratogenic noxa for the embryo and fetus. It may lead to deformation of all cells and organs. A case of Klippel-Feil anomaly associated with fetal alcohol syndrome is described. The diagnosis of Klippel-Feil anomaly, even a late diagnosis made on the basis of rare deformities, is very important as the affected patients are at a high risk of alcoholism. The combination of Klippel-Feil anomaly with numerous other syndromes and deformities suggests a basic general disorder of skeletal maturation. Diverse cases of Klippel-Feil anomaly possibly originate, in reality, in an unrecognized fetal alcohol syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Klippel-Feil anomaly in Fanconi anemia
- Author
-
Julie McGaughran
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Hydrocephalus ,Fanconi anemia ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,In patient ,Anatomy ,Anomaly (physics) ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
A boy is described with Fanconi anemia (FA) and Klippel-Feil anomaly. This suggests the diagnosis of FA should be considered in patients with vertebal malformations as well as other suggestive congenital anomalies.
- Published
- 2003
42. Klippel-Feil anomaly combined with fetal alcohol syndrome
- Author
-
H. Loeser and M. Schilgen
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fetal alcohol syndrome ,Klippel–Feil syndrome ,Alcohol abuse ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Child ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Fetus ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Radiography ,Endocrinology ,Skeletal maturation ,Late diagnosis ,Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,embryonic structures ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Female ,Surgery ,Anomaly (physics) ,business - Abstract
Alcohol is the most frequent and most important teratogenic noxa for the embryo and fetus. It may lead to deformation of all cells and organs. A case of Klippel-Feil anomaly associated with fetal alcohol syndrome is described. The diagnosis of Klippel-Feil anomaly, even a late diagnosis made on the basis of rare deformities, is very important as the affected patients are at a high risk of alcoholism. The combination of Klippel-Feil anomaly with numerous other syndromes and deformities suggests a basic general disorder of skeletal maturation. Diverse cases of Klippel-Feil anomaly possibly originate., in reality, in an unrecognzied fetal alcohol syndrome.
- Published
- 1994
43. MURCS association with situs inversus totalis: Expanding the spectrum or a novel disorder.
- Author
-
Ekbote AV, Kamath MS, and Danda S
- Abstract
We are reporting a female patient with a MURCS association (Müllerian duct aplasia, unilateral renal agenesis, cervico-thoracic somite fusion defects), situs inversus totalis, short stature with normal development and intelligence. We are presenting the comparison with two other patients published with similar finding. Our patient is distinct in having all the characteristic features and represents the severe spectrum of this disorder. We present our argument favoring this to be a monogenic syndrome distinct from the other two entities and probably a ciliopathy.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Recurrent vertebrobasilar embolism in an infant with Klippel-Feil anomaly
- Author
-
Alan C. Ross, John T. Curnes, and Robert S. Greenwood
- Subjects
Left vertebral artery ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiography ,Computed tomography ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ,Medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Vertebral Artery ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Infant ,Cerebral Infarction ,Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis ,medicine.disease ,Cervical spine ,respiratory tract diseases ,Cerebral Angiography ,Neurology ,Embolism ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Angiography ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Cerebral angiography - Abstract
The vertebral arteries have been hypothesized to be a source of recurrent emboli that obstruct the posterior circulation of the brain in children, but mechanisms for formation of such emboli have not been documented. An infant with Klippel-Feil anomaly experienced multiple embolic events in the posterior circulation, documented by serial computed tomography and cerebral angiography. Angiography identified a source for the emboli in the left vertebral artery. The value of lateral cervical spine radiographs in screening for bony abnormalities which may predispose to arterial anomalies is demonstrated.
- Published
- 1987
45. Congenital os odontoideum with Klippel-Feil anomaly and fatal atlanto-axial instability. Report of a case
- Author
-
Henry H. Sherk and Samir Dawoud
- Subjects
Male ,business.industry ,Atlanto axial instability ,Anatomy ,Os Odontoideum ,Synostosis ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Spinal Diseases ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cervical Atlas ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly ,Axis, Cervical Vertebra ,Aged - Published
- 1981
46. Bilateral Duane's syndrome, paroxysmal lacrimation and Klippel-Feil anomaly
- Author
-
A. Athayde and M. Brik
- Subjects
S syndrome ,Ophthalmoplegia ,Adolescent ,Eye Movements ,business.industry ,PAROXYSMAL LACRIMATION ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Sensory Systems ,Radiography ,Strabismus ,Ophthalmology ,Eating ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Tears ,Reflex ,Medicine ,Blepharoptosis ,Humans ,Abnormalities, Multiple ,Female ,business ,Klippel-Feil anomaly - Published
- 1973
47. Absent vagina and the Klippel-Feil anomaly
- Author
-
Patricia A. Baird and R.B. Lowry
- Subjects
Adolescent ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Anatomy ,Klippel-Feil Syndrome ,Karyotyping ,Vagina ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Absent vagina ,business ,Amenorrhea ,Klippel-Feil anomaly - Published
- 1974
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