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3. Giant intracranial aneurysms: Natural history and 1-year case fatality after endovascular or surgical treatment

Author

Dengler, Julius, Rüfenacht, Daniel, Meyer, Bernhard, Rohde, Veit, Endres, Matthias, Lenga, Pavlina, Uttinger, Konstantin, Rücker, Viktoria, Kursumovic, Adisa, Hong, Bujung, Mielke, Dorothee, Schmidt, Nils Ole, Burkhardt, Jan-Karl, Bijlenga, Philippe, Boccardi, Edoardo, Cognard, Christophe, Heuschmann, Peter U., Vajkoczy, Peter, Bauknecht, H.C., Bohner, G., Liebig, T., Wiener, E., Gläsker, S., Klingler, J.-H., Scheiwe, C., van Velthoven, V., Zentner, J., Durner, G., König, R., Pedro, M.T., Wirtz, R., Fiss, I., Kombos, T., Guhl, S., Schroeder, H.W.S., Strowitzki, M., Eicker, S., Steiger, H., Turowski, B., Abdulazim, A., Etminan, N., Haenggi, D., Kalff, R., Walter, J., Brawanski, A., Schebesch, K.M., Ardeshiri, A., Sure, Ulrich, Wrede, Karsten, Schmidt, N.O., Regelsberger, J., Westphal, M., Hosch, H., Moskopp, D., Hohaus, C., Meisel, H.J., Lehmberg, J., Wostrack, M., Ganslandt, O., Hopf, N., Musahl, C., Graewe, A., Meier, U., Krauss, J., Nakamura, M., Grote, A., Güresir, E., Schramm, J., Simon, M., Vatter, H., Rath, S.A., Boxhammer, E., Hoffmann, K.T., Diepers, M., Fandino, J., Marbacher, S., Familiari, P., Raco, A., Schaller, K., Gruber, A., Knosp, E., Wang, W.T., Rüfenacht, D.A., Wanke, I., Piano, M., Hernesniemi, J., Lehecka, M., Niemelä, M., Nurminen, V., Burkhardt, J.K., Bozinov, O., Maldaner, N., Regli, L., Eliava, S.S., Shekhtman, O.D., Helthuis, J., van Doormaal, T., van der Zwan, A., Dammers, R., Dirven, C.M.F., Gawlitza, M., Guenego, A., Fiedler, J., Kato, N., Murayama, Y., Dabus, G., Linfante, I., Starosciak, A.K., Miran, M.S., Suri, M.F.K., and Neurosurgery

Subjects
Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Medizin, Aneurysm, Ruptured, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, medicine.artery, Case fatality rate, medicine, Aphasia, Humans, Giant intracranial aneurysm, cardiovascular diseases, Aneurysm rupture, Prospective Studies, Registries, Surgical treatment, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Movement Disorders, business.industry, Endovascular Procedures, Angiography, Digital Subtraction, Vascular disorders, Retrospective cohort study, Intracranial Aneurysm, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, ddc:616.8, 3. Good health, Surgery, Natural history, Europe, Hospitalization, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Relative risk, cardiovascular system, Female, Internal carotid artery, business, Vascular Surgical Procedures, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

OBJECTIVEClinical evidence on giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs), intracranial aneurysms with a diameter of at least 25 mm, is limited. The authors aimed to investigate the natural history, case fatality, and treatment outcomes of ruptured and unruptured GIAs.METHODSIn this international observational registry study, patients with a ruptured or unruptured GIA received conservative management (CM), surgical management (SM), or endovascular management (EM). The authors investigated rupture rates and case fatality.RESULTSThe retrospective cohort comprised 219 patients with GIAs (21.9% ruptured GIAs and 78.1% unruptured GIAs) whose index hospitalization occurred between January 2006 and November 2016. The index hospitalization in the prospective cohort (362 patients with GIAs [17.1% ruptured and 82.9% unruptured]) occurred between December 2008 and February 2017. In the retrospective cohort, the risk ratio for death at a mean follow-up of 4.8 years (SD 2.2 years) after CM, compared with EM and SM, was 1.63 (95% CI 1.23–2.16) in ruptured GIAs and 3.96 (95% CI 2.57–6.11) in unruptured GIAs. In the prospective cohort, the 1-year case fatality in ruptured GIAs/unruptured GIAs was 100%/22.0% during CM, 36.0%/3.0% after SM, and 39.0%/12.0% after EM. Corresponding 1-year rupture rates in unruptured GIAs were 25.0% during CM, 1.2% after SM, and 2.5% after EM. In unruptured GIAs, the HR for death within the 1st year in patients with posterior circulation GIAs was 6.7 (95% CI 1.5–30.4, p < 0.01), with patients with a GIA at the supraclinoid internal carotid artery as reference. Different sizes of unruptured GIAs were not associated with 1-year case fatality.CONCLUSIONSRupture rates for unruptured GIAs were high, and the natural history and treatment outcomes for ruptured GIAs were poor. Patients undergoing SM or EM showed lower case fatality and rupture rates than those undergoing CM. This difference in outcome may in part be influenced by patients in the CM group having been found poor candidates for SM or EM.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02066493 (clinicaltrials.gov)

Published
2021

6. Vertebral osteomyelitis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: Evaluation of risk factors for treatment failure

Author

Jung, N., Ernst, A., Joost, I, Yagdiran, A., Peyerl-Hoffmann, G., Grau, S., Breuninger, M., Hellmich, M., Kubosch, D. C., Klingler, J. H., Seifert, H., Kern, W., V, Kaasch, A. J., Rieg, S., Jung, N., Ernst, A., Joost, I, Yagdiran, A., Peyerl-Hoffmann, G., Grau, S., Breuninger, M., Hellmich, M., Kubosch, D. C., Klingler, J. H., Seifert, H., Kern, W., V, Kaasch, A. J., and Rieg, S.

Abstract

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (VO). Studies indicate that S. aureus VO results in poor outcome. We aimed to investigate risk factors for treatment failure in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SAB) and VO. Methods: We conducted a post hoc-analysis of data from a German bi-center prospective SAB cohort (2006-2014). Patients were followed-up for one year. Primary outcome was treatment failure defined as relapse and/or death within one year. Results: A total of 1069 patients with SAB were analyzed, with 92 VO patients. In addition to antibiotic treatment, surgery was performed in 60/92 patients. Treatment failed in 44/92 patients (death, n = 42; relapse, n = 2). Multivariable analysis revealed higher age (HR 1.04 [per year], 95%CI 1.01-1.07), Charlson comorbidity index (HR 1.20, 95%CI 1.06-1.36), presence of neurologic deficits (HR 2.53, 95%CI 1.15-5.53) and local abscess formation (HR 3.35, 95%CI 1.39-8.04) as independent risk factors for treatment failure. In contrast, surgery seemed to be associated with a favourable outcome (HR 0.45 (95%CI 0.20-0.997)). Conclusion: SAB patients with VO exhibit a high treatment failure rate. Red flags are older age, comorbidities, neurologic deficits and local abscess formation. Whether these patients benefit from intensified treatment (e.g. radical surgery, prolongation of antibiotics) should be investigated further. (C) 2021 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

9. Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Influence of parity and mode of delivery

Author

Kind, Christian, Nadal, D., Wyler, C. -A., Siegrist, C. -A., Cheseaux, J. J., Vaudaux, B., Fawer, C. -L., Rudin, C., Schaad, U. B., Aebi, C., Baumgartner, C., Gnehm, H. E., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H. F., Gianinazzi, M. P., Bühlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Irion, O., Spoletin, G., Schüpbach, J., Boni, J., Jendis, J., Tomasik, Z., and Paediatric AIDS Group of Switzerland

Published
1995
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12. A High Frequency of HIV-Specific Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells Is Associated with Preserved Memory B Cell Responses in HIV Controllers

Author

Claireaux, M., Galperin, M., Benati, D., Nouël, A., Mukhopadhyay, M., Klingler, J., de Truchis, P., Zucman, D., Hendou, S., Boufassa, F., Moog, C., Lambotte, O., and Chakrabarti, L. A.

Subjects
B-Lymphocytes, human immunodeficiency virus, T lymphocytes, HIV controllers, HIV Infections, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, HIV Antibodies, Viral Load, Microbiology, QR1-502, Cohort Studies, MHC-II tetramers, T follicular helper, HIV-1, Humans, B lymphocytes, Research Article
Abstract

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) play an essential role in the affinity maturation of the antibody response by providing help to B cells. To determine whether this CD4+ T cell subset may contribute to the spontaneous control of HIV infection, we analyzed the phenotype and function of circulating Tfh (cTfh) in patients from the ANRS CO21 CODEX cohort who naturally controlled HIV-1 replication to undetectable levels and compared them to treated patients with similarly low viral loads. HIV-specific cTfh (Tet+), detected by Gag-major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) tetramer labeling in the CD45RA− CXCR5+ CD4+ T cell population, proved more frequent in the controller group (P = 0.002). The frequency of PD-1 expression in Tet+ cTfh was increased in both groups (median, >75%) compared to total cTfh (, IMPORTANCE The rare patients who spontaneously control HIV replication in the absence of therapy provide a unique model to identify determinants of an effective anti-HIV immune response. HIV controllers show signs of particularly efficient antiviral T cell responses, while their humoral response was until recently considered to play only a minor role in viral control. However, emerging evidence suggests that HIV controllers maintain a significant but “silent” antiviral memory B cell population that can be reactivated upon antigenic stimulation. We report that cTfh help likely contributes to the persistence of controller memory B cell responses, as the frequency of HIV-specific cTfh correlated with the induction of HIV-specific antibodies in functional assays. These findings suggest that T follicular help may contribute to HIV control and highlight the need for inducing such help in HIV vaccine strategies that aim at eliciting persistent B cell responses.

Published
2018
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13. Evaluation of the Biolog automated microbial identification system

Author

Klingler, J. M, Stowe, R. P, Obenhuber, D. C, Groves, T. O, Mishra, S. K, and Pierson, D. L

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

Biolog's identification system was used to identify 39 American Type Culture Collection reference taxa and 45 gram-negative isolates from water samples. Of the reference strains, 98% were identified to genus level and 76% to species level within 4 to 24 h. Identification of some authentic strains of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Serratia was unreliable. A total of 93% of the water isolates were identified.

Published
1992

18. Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies

Author

Bulterys, M. B., Fowler, M. G., Hanson, I. C., Lemay, M., Mayaux, M. J., Mofenson, L., Newell, M. -L., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J. S., Rother, C., Simpson, B. J., Van Dyke, R. B., Harris, D. R., Peavy, H. H., Easley, K., Khammy, A., Nugent, R. P., Mitchell, R., Owen, W., Van Dyke, R., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Krogstad, P., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Korber, B., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Lapointe, N., Boucher, M., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Newell, M. L., Peckham, C. S., Thorne, C. N., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., De Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., de Alba, C., Garcia Rodriguez, M. C., Bates, I., de Josee, I., Hawkins, F., Martinez Zapico, R., Pena, J. M., Gonzalez Garcia, J., Arribas Lopez, J. R., Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M. C., Peerez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M. J., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Lidin-Jansson, G., Levy, J., Barlow, P., Hainaut, M., Peltier, A., Ferrazin, A., De Maria, A., Gotta, C., Mur, A., Vinolas, M., Paya, A., Loepez-Vilchez, M. A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Casellas Caro, M., Canet, Y., Pardi, G., Ravizza, M., Semprini, E., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Zanelli, S., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Stegagno, M., De Santis, M., Muggiasca, M. L., Vigano, A., Spinillo, A., Ravagni Probizer, F., Bucceri, A., Rancilio, L., Taylor, G. P., Lyall, H., Penn, Z., Blott, M., Valerius, N. H., Martinelli, P., Buffolano, W., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Semprini, A., Della Torre, M., Parazzini, F., Dallacasa, P., Bianchi, U., Pachi, A., Mancuso, S., Villa, P., Conti, M., Principi, N., Muggiasca, M., Marchisio, P., Zara, C., Ravagni, F., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tadrist, B., Thevenieau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, N., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J., Delattre, P., Stien, L., Audibert, F., Labrune, P., Vial, M., Mazy, F., Sitbon, D., Crenn-Hebert, C., Floch-Tudal, C., Akakpo, R., Daveau, C., Leblanc, A., Cesbron, P., Duval-Arnould, M., Huraux-Rendu, C., Lemerle, S., Touboul, C., Guerin, M., Maingueneau, C., Reynaud, I., Rousseau, T., Ercoil, V., Lanza, M., Denavit, M., Garnier, J., Lahsinat, K., Pia, P., Allouche, C., Nardou, M., Grall, F., May, A., Dallot, M., Lhuillier, P., Cecile, W., Mezin, R., Bech, A., Lobut, J., Algava, G., Chalvon Dermesay, A., Busuttil, R., Jacquemot, M., Bader-Meunier, B., Fridman, S., Codaccioni, X., Maxingue, F., Thomas, D., Alain, J., De Lumley, L., Tabaste, J., Bailly Salin, P., Seaume, H., Guichard, A., Kebaill, K., Roussouly, C., Botto, C., De Lanete, A., Wipff, P., Cravello, L., De Boisse, P., Leclaire, M., Michel, G., Crumiere, C., Lefevre, V., Le Lorier, B., Pauly, I., Robichez, B., Seguy, D., Delhinger, M., Rideau, F., Talon, P., Benos, P., Huret, C., Nicolas, J., Heller-Roussin, B., Saint-Leger, S., Delaporte, M., Hubert, C., De Sarcus, B., Karoubi, P., Mechinaud, F., Bertcrottiere, D., Bongain, A., Monpoux, F., De Gennes, C., Devianne, F., Nisand, I., Rousset, M., Mouchnino, G., Muray, J., Munzer, M., Quereux, C., Brossard, V., Clavier, B., Allemon, M., Rotten, D., Stephan, J., Varlet, M., Guyot, B., Narcy, P., Bardinet, F., De Caunes, F., Jeny, R., Robin, M., Raison Boulley, A., Savey, L., Berrebi, A., Tricoire, J., Borderon, J., Fignon, A., Guillot, F., Maria, B., Broyard, A., Chitrit, Y., Firtion, G., Mandelbrot, L., Lafay Pillet, M., Parat, S., Boissinot, C., Garec, N., Levine, M., Ottenwalter, A., Schaller, F., Vilmer, E., Courpotin, C., Brunner, C., Ciraru-Vigneron, N., Hatem-Gantzer, G., Fritel, X., Wallet, A., Bouille, J., Milliez, J., Bensaid Mrejen, D., Dermer, E., Noseda, G., Bardou, D., Cressaty, J., Francoual, C., Carlus Moncomble, C., Cohen, H., Blanche, S., Bastion, H., Benifla, J., Benkhatar, F., Berkane, N., Hervee, F., Ronzier, M., Mayaux, Mj., de Martino, M., Tovo, P. -A., Galli, L., Gabiano, C., Ferraris, G., Garetto, S., Palomba, E., Riva, C., Vierucci, A., de Luca, M., Farina, S., Fundaro, C., Genovese, O., Mereu, G., Forni, G. L., Casadei, A., Zuccotti, G. V., Riva, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Ruggeri, M., Ciccimarra, F., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Benaglia, G., Romano, A., De Mattia, D., Caselli, D., Boni, S., Dell'Erba, G., Bassanetti, F., Sticca, M., Timpano, C., Magnani, C., Salvatore, C., Lipreri, R., Tornaghi, R., Pinzani, R., Cecchi, M. T., Bezzi, T., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Castelli Gattinara, G., Nasi, C., Pellegatta, A., Mazza, A., Baldi, F., Altobelli, R., Deiana, M., Colnaghi, C., Tarallo, L., Tondo, U., Anastasio, E., Chiriaco, P. G., Ruggeri, C., Scott, G., Hutto, C., O'Sullivan, M., Malmsberry, A., Willoughby, A., Burns, D., Goedert, J., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Rubinstein, A., Durako, S., Muenz, L., Goodwin, S., Bryson, Y., Dillon, M., Nielsen, K., Boyer, P., Liao, D., Keller, M., Deveikis, A., Nesheim, S., Lindsay, M., Lee, F., Nahmias, A., Sawyer, M., Vink, P., Farley, J., Alger, L., Abrams, E., Bamji, M., Lambert, G., Schoenbaum, E., Thomas, P., Weedon, J., Palumbo, P., Denny, T., Oleske, J., Bulterys, M., Simonds, R., Ethier-Ives, J., Rogers, M., Schluchter, M., Kutner, M., Kaplan, S., Kattan, M., Lipshultz, S., Mellins, R., Shearer, W., Sopko, G., Sloand, E., Wu, M., Kind, C., Nadal, D., Rudin, C., Siegrist, C. -A., Wyler, C. -A., Cheseaux, J. -J., Aebi, C., Gnehm, H., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H., Gianinazzi, M., Buhlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Lauper, U., Irion, O., Brunelli, A., Spoletini, G., Schreyer, A., Hosli, I., Saurenmann, E., Drack, G., Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Kovacs, A., Stek, A., Chan, L., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Tuomala, R., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Davenny, K., Thompson, B., Andiman, W., Simpson, J., THE INTERNATIONAL PERINATAL HIV, Group, Martinelli, Pasquale, Bulterys M.B., Fowler M.G., Hanson I.C., Lemay M., Mayaux M.J., Mofenson L., Newell M.-L., Peavy H., Peckham C., Read J.S., Rother C., Simpson B.J., Van Dyke R.B., Harris D.R., Peavy H.H., Easley K., Khammy A., Nugent R.P., Mitchell R., Owen W., Van Dyke R., Widmayer S., Bardeguez A., Hanson C., Wiznia A., Luzuriaga K., Viscarello R., Ho D., Koup R., Chen I., Krogstad P., Mullins J., Wolinsky S., Korber B., Walker B., Ammann A., Clapp S., McDonald D., Lapointe N., Boucher M., Fauvel M., Hankins C., Samson J., Newell M.L., Peckham C.S., Thorne C.N., Giaquinto C., Ruga E., De Rossi A., Truscia D., Grosch-Worner I., Schafer A., Mok J., Johnstone F., Jiminez J., de Alba C., Garcia Rodriguez M.C., Bates I., de Josee I., Hawkins F., Martinez Zapico R., Pena J.M., Gonzalez Garcia J., Arribas Lopez J.R., Asensi-Botet F., Otero M.C., Peerez-Tamarit D., Moya A., Galbis M.J., Scherpbier H., Boer K., Bohlin A.B., Lindgren S., Anzen B., Belfrage E., Lidin-Jansson G., Levy J., Barlow P., Hainaut M., Peltier A., Ferrazin A., De Maria A., Gotta C., Mur A., Vinolas M., Paya A., Loepez-Vilchez M.A., Coll O., Fortuny C., Boguna J., Casellas Caro M., Canet Y., Pardi G., Ravizza M., Semprini E., Castagna C., Fiore S., Guerra B., Lanari M., Bianchi S., Bovicelli L., Prati E., Zanelli S., Duse M., Soresina A., Scaravelli G., Stegagno M., De Santis M., Muggiasca M.L., Vigano A., Spinillo A., Ravagni Probizer F., Bucceri A., Rancilio L., Taylor G.P., Lyall H., Penn Z., Blott M., Valerius N.H., Martinelli P., Buffolano W., Tibaldi C., Ziarati N., Semprini A., Della Torre M., Parazzini F., Dallacasa P., Bianchi U., Pachi A., Mancuso S., Villa P., Conti M., Principi N., Muggiasca M., Marchisio P., Zara C., Ravagni F., Vignali M., Rossi G., Selvaggi L., Greco P., Vimercati A., Massi G., Innocenti T., Fiscella A., Sansone M., Benedetto C., Tadrist B., Thevenieau D., Gondry J., Paulard B., Alisy C., Brault D., Tordjeman N., Mamou J., Rozan M., Colombani D., Pincemaille O., Salvetti A., Chabanier C., Hernandorena X., Leroy J., Schaal J., Balde P., Faucher P., Lachassinne E., Benoit S., Douard D., Hocke C., Barjot P., Brouard J., Delattre P., Stien L., Audibert F., Labrune P., Vial M., Mazy F., Sitbon D., Crenn-Hebert C., Floch-Tudal C., Akakpo R., Daveau C., Leblanc A., Cesbron P., Duval-Arnould M., Huraux-Rendu C., Lemerle S., Touboul C., Guerin M., Maingueneau C., Reynaud I., Rousseau T., Ercoil V., Lanza M., Denavit M., Garnier J., Lahsinat K., Pia P., Allouche C., Nardou M., Grall F., May A., Dallot M., Lhuillier P., Cecile W., Mezin R., Bech A., Lobut J., Algava G., Chalvon Dermesay A., Busuttil R., Jacquemot M., Bader-Meunier B., Fridman S., Codaccioni X., Maxingue F., Thomas D., Alain J., De Lumley L., Tabaste J., Bailly Salin P., Seaume H., Guichard A., Kebaill K., Roussouly C., Botto C., De Lanete A., Wipff P., Cravello L., De Boisse P., Leclaire M., Michel G., Crumiere C., Lefevre V., Le Lorier B., Pauly I., Robichez B., Seguy D., Delhinger M., Rideau F., Talon P., Benos P., Huret C., Nicolas J., Heller-Roussin B., Saint-Leger S., Delaporte M., Hubert C., De Sarcus B., Karoubi P., Mechinaud F., Bertcrottiere D., Bongain A., Monpoux F., De Gennes C., Devianne F., Nisand I., Rousset M., Mouchnino G., Muray J., Munzer M., Quereux C., Brossard V., Clavier B., Allemon M., Rotten D., Stephan J., Varlet M., Guyot B., Narcy P., Bardinet F., De Caunes F., Jeny R., Robin M., Raison Boulley A., Savey L., Berrebi A., Tricoire J., Borderon J., Fignon A., Guillot F., Maria B., Broyard A., Chitrit Y., Firtion G., Mandelbrot L., Lafay Pillet M., Parat S., Boissinot C., Garec N., Levine M., Ottenwalter A., Schaller F., Vilmer E., Courpotin C., Brunner C., Ciraru-Vigneron N., Hatem-Gantzer G., Fritel X., Wallet A., Bouille J., Milliez J., Bensaid Mrejen D., Dermer E., Noseda G., Bardou D., Cressaty J., Francoual C., Carlus Moncomble C., Cohen H., Blanche S., Bastion H., Benifla J., Benkhatar F., Berkane N., Hervee F., Ronzier M., Mayaux MJ., de Martino M., Tovo P.-A., Galli L., Gabiano C., Ferraris G., Garetto S., Palomba E., Riva C., Vierucci A., de Luca M., Farina S., Fundaro C., Genovese O., Mereu G., Forni G.L., Casadei A., Zuccotti G.V., Riva E., Cellini M., Baraldi C., Consolini R., Palla G., Ruggeri M., Ciccimarra F., Guarino A., Osimani P., Benaglia G., Romano A., De Mattia D., Caselli D., Boni S., Dell'Erba G., Bassanetti F., Sticca M., Timpano C., Magnani C., Salvatore C., Lipreri R., Tornaghi R., Pinzani R., Cecchi M.T., Bezzi T., Battisti L., Bresciani E., Castelli Gattinara G., Nasi C., Pellegatta A., Mazza A., Baldi F., Altobelli R., Deiana M., Colnaghi C., Tarallo L., Tondo U., Anastasio E., Chiriaco P.G., Ruggeri C., Scott G., Hutto C., O'Sullivan M., Malmsberry A., Willoughby A., Burns D., Goedert J., Landesman S., Minkoff H., Mendez H., Holman S., Rubinstein A., Durako S., Muenz L., Goodwin S., Bryson Y., Dillon M., Nielsen K., Boyer P., Liao D., Keller M., Deveikis A., Nesheim S., Lindsay M., Lee F., Nahmias A., Sawyer M., Vink P., Farley J., Alger L., Abrams E., Bamji M., Lambert G., Schoenbaum E., Thomas P., Weedon J., Palumbo P., Denny T., Oleske J., Bulterys M., Simonds R., Ethier-Ives J., Rogers M., Schluchter M., Kutner M., Kaplan S., Kattan M., Lipshultz S., Mellins R., Shearer W., Sopko G., Sloand E., Wu M., Kind C., Nadal D., Rudin C., Siegrist C.-A., Wyler C.-A., Cheseaux J.-J., Aebi C., Gnehm H., Schubiger G., Klingler J., Hunziker U., Kuchler H., Gianinazzi M., Buhlmann U., Biedermann K., Lauper U., Irion O., Brunelli A., Spoletini G., Schreyer A., Hosli I., Saurenmann E., Drack G., Isenschmid M., Poorbeik M., Schupbach J., Perrin L., Erb P., Joller H., Kovacs A., Stek A., Chan L., Khoury M., Diaz C., Pacheco-Acosta E., Tuomala R., Cooper E., Mesthene D., Pitt J., Higgins A., Moroso G., Rich K., Turpin D., Cooper N., Davenny K., Thompson B., Andiman W., and Simpson J.

Subjects
Time Factors, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Prevention of perinatal transmission, Extraembryonic Membranes, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, INFECTION, Vertical, Immunology and Allergy, HIV Infection, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, prevention of perinatal transmission, vertical transmission, obstetrics/gynaecology, epidemiology, Obstetrics, Transmission (medicine), Infectious, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, RISK-FACTORS, TYPE-1, PREGNANCY, INFECTION, TRIAL, PREVENTION, Breast Feeding, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, Vertical transmission, Regression Analysis, TRIAL, Female, Delivery, Obstetrics gynaecology, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, Ruptured membranes, Immunology, Regression Analysi, NO, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, Extraembryonic Membrane, medicine, Humans, TYPE-1, business.industry, Risk Factor, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Obstetric, Delivery, Obstetric, Newborn, PREVENTION, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Obstetrics/gynaecology, RISK-FACTORS, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Objective: To test the a priori hypothesis that longer duration of ruptured membranes is associated with increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. Design: The relationship between duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV was evaluated in an individual patient data meta-analysis. Methods: Eligible studies were prospective cohort studies including at least 100 mother-child pairs, from regions where HIV-infected women are counselled not to breastfeed. Analyses were restricted to vaginal deliveries and non-elective Cesarean sections; elective Cesarean section deliveries (those performed before onset of labour and before rupture of membranes) were excluded. Results: The primary analysis included 4721 deliveries with duration of ruptured membranes ≤ 24 h. After adjusting for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission using logistic regression analysis to assess the strength of the relationship, the risk of vertical HIV transmission increased approximately 2% with an increase of 1 h in the duration of ruptured membranes [adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.04; for each 1 h increment]. There were no significant interactions of duration of ruptured membranes with study cohort or with any of the covariates, except maternal AIDS. Among women diagnosed with AIDS, the estimated probability of transmission increased from 8% to 31% with duration of ruptured membranes of 2 h and 24 h respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results support the importance of duration of ruptured membranes as a risk factor for vertical transmission of HIV and suggest that a diagnosis of AIDS in the mother at the time of delivery may potentiate the effect of duration of ruptured membranes. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Published
2001
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20. Sensomotorik beim Tragen lumbaler Stützorthesen

Author

Winfried Banzer, K. Pfeifer, Lutz Vogt, Klingler J, and Portscher M

Subjects
Proprioception, business.industry, Delayed onset, Healthy subjects, Anatomy, Concentric, Lumbar, Erector spinae muscles, Eccentric, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Lumbar spine, business
Abstract

AIM Flexible lumbar corsets should contribute to an improved active and passive stabilisation of the lumbar spine. In the present study, the effects of flexible corsets on sensory-motor abilities have been investigated. METHODS 24 healthy subjects (m = 10, f = 14, 26.7 years) performed angle- and force-reproduction tasks with and without wearing a flexible corset. The subjects tried to reproduce trunk flexion angles of 20 degrees und 40 degrees as well as forces of 33% and 66% of the maximum strength of the back extensor muscles. Additionally, muscular reactions were measured during destabilizing stimuli. RESULTS No significant differences were found for the reproduction tasks. When wearing the corset, the left erector spinae muscles showed a delayed onset (+15 ms, p < 0.05), and the obliquus abdominis reached maximal activity more rapidly (-18 ms, p < 0.05). In the preinnervation phase the obliquus abdominis (-33%, p < 0.01), in the eccentric phase the erector spinae (-27%, p < 0.05) and the right obliquus abdominis (-46%, p < 0.05) and in the concentric phase the right obliquus abdominis (-35%, p < 0.01) and the rectus abdominis (-32%, p < 0.05) showed lower activities. CONCLUSION The reduced muscle activities with destabilizing stimuli can be interpreted as the result of an improved passive stabilisation of the lumbar region by wearing a flexible corset.

Published
2001
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21. The Mode of Delivery and the Risk of Vertical Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 — A Meta-Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies

Author

Andiman, W., Boucher, M., Burns, D., Bryson, Y., Farley, J., Fowler, H., Gabiano, C., Galli, L., Hutto, C., Kind, C., Korber, B., Kovacs, A., Krogstad, P., Landesman, S., Lapointe, N., Lemay, M., Lew, J., Mandelbrot, L., Mayaux, Mj, Mellins, R., Minkoff, H., Mofenson, L., Nielsen, K., Newell, Ml, Pardi, G., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J., Rother, C., Rudin, C., Scott, G., Semprini, A., Shearer, W., Simonds, R., Simpson, B., Stek, A., Tovo, Pa, Tuomala, R., Dyke, R., Weedon, J., Martino, M., Lindsay, M., Belair, S., Chan, L., Harris, D., Kalish, L., Muenz, L., Nugent, R., Schluchter, M., Durako, S., Goodwin, S., Mitchell, R., Nourjah, P., Owen, W., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Bailey, A., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., Alba, C., Garcia-Rodriguez, M., Bates, I., Jose, I., Hawkins, F., Zapico, Rm, Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M., Perez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A., Lindgren, S., Ehrnst, A., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Levy, J., Alimenti, A., Barlow, P., Ferrazin, A., Maria, A., Gotta, C., Maritati, V., Mur, A., Rovira, M., Paya, A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Caro, Mc, Canet, Y., Ravizza, M., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Santis, M., Muggiasca, M., Vigano, A., Marchisio, P., Iasci, A., Spinillo, A., Bucceri, A., Grossi, E., Rancilio, L., Della Torre, M., Dallacasa, P., Pachi, A., Principi, N., Zara, C., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Tadrist, B., Thevenicau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, P., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J., Delattre, P., Stien, L., Audibert, F., Labrune, P., Vial, M., Mazy, F., Sitbon, D., Crenn-Hebert, C., Floch-Tudal, C., Akakpo, R., Daveau, C., Leblanc, A., Cesbron, P., Duval-Arnould, H., Huraux-Rendu, C., Lemerle, S., Touboul, C., Guerin, M., Maingueneau, C., Reynaud, I., Rousseau, T., Ercoil, V., Lanza, M., Denavit, M., Garnier, J., Lahsinat, K., Pia, R., Allouche, C., Nardou, M., Grall, F., May, A., Dallot, M., Lhuillier, P., Cecile, W., Mezin, R., Bech, A., Lobut, J., Algava, G., Dermesay, Ac, Busuttil, R., Jacquemot, M., Bader-Meunier, B., Fridman, S., Codaccioni, X., Maxingue, F., Thomas, D., Alain, J., Lumley, L., Tabaste, J., Salin, Pb, Seaume, H., Guichard, A., Kebaili, K., Roussouly, C., Botto, C., Lanete, A., Wipff, P., Cravello, L., Boisse, P., Leclaire, M., Michel, G., Crumiere, C., Lefevre, V., Le Lorier, B., Pauly, I., Robichez, B., Seguy, D., Dehlinger, M., Rideau, F., Talon, P., Benos, P., Huret, C., Nicolas, J., Heller-Roussin, B., Saint-Leger, S., Delaporte, M., Hubert, C., Sarcus, B., Karoubi, P., Mechinaud, F., Bertcrottiere, D., Bongain, A., Monpoux, F., Gennes, C., Devianne, F., Nisand, I., Rousset, M., Mouchnino, G., Muray, J., Munzer, M., Quereux, C., Brossard, V., Clavier, B., Allemon, M., Rotten, D., Stephan, J., Varlet, M., Guyot, B., Narey, P., Bardinet, F., Caunes, F., Jeny, R., Robin, M., Bouley, Ar, Savey, L., Berrebi, A., Tricoire, J., Borderon, J., Fignon, A., Guillot, F., Maria, B., Broyard, A., Chitrit, Y., Firtion, G., Pillet, Ml, Parat, S., Boissinot, C., Garec, N., Levine, M., Ottenwalter, A., Schaller, F., Vilmer, B., Courpotin, C., Brunner, C., Ciraru-Vigneron, N., Hatem-Gantzer, G., Xavier FRITEL, Wallet, A., Bouille, J., Milliez, J., Mrejen, Db, Dermer, E., Noseda, G., Bardou, D., Cressaty, J., Francoual, C., Moncomble, Cc, Cohen, H., Blanche, S., Bastion, H., Benifla, J., Benkhatar, F., Berkane, N., Herve, F., Ronzier, M., Ferraris, G., Rancillo, L., Tulisso, S., Scolfaro, C., Riva, C., Vierucci, A., Luca, M., Farina, S., Fundaro, C., Genovese, O., Mercu, G., Forni, G., Stegagno, M., Falconieri, P., Zuccotti, G., Riva, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Ruggeri, M., Pignata, C., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Metri, A., Antonellini, A., Benaglia, G., Romano, A., Mattia, D., Caselli, D., Boni, S., Erba, G., Bassanetti, F., Sticca, M., Timpano, C., Magnani, C., Salvatore, C., Gambaretto, G., Lipreri, R., Tornaghi, R., Pinzani, R., Cecchi, M., Bezzi, T., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Gattinara, G., Berrino, R., Pellegatta, A., Mazza, A., Baldi, F., Micheletti, E., Altobelli, R., Deiana, M., Colnaghi, C., Tarallo, L., Tondo, U., Anastasio, E., Chiriaco, P., Contardi, I., Ruggeri, C., Ibba, P., O Sullivan, M., Malmsberry, A., Willoughby, A., Goedert, J., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Rubinstein, A., Nesheim, S., Clark, S., Lee, F., Nahmias, A., Sawyer, M., Vink, P., Alger, L., Abrams, E., Bamji, M., Lambert, G., Schoenbaum, E., Thea, D., Thomas, P., Palumbo, P., Denny, T., Oleske, J., Orloff, S., Ethier-Ives, J., Rogers, M., Kutner, M., Kaplan, S., Kattan, M., Lipshultz, S., Sopko, G., Sloand, E., Wu, M., Nadal, D., Siegrist, Ca, Wyler, Ca, Cheseaux, Jj, Aebi, C., Gnehm, H., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H., Gianinazzi, M., Buhlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Lauper, U., Irion, O., Brunelli, A., Spoletini, G., Schreyer, A., Hosli, I., Saurenmann, E., Drack, G., Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Dillon, M., Nielsen, R., Boyer, P., Liao, D., Keller, M., Deveikis, A., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Fowler, M., Smeriglio, V., Mckinlay, S., and Ellis, S.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Anti-HIV Agents, Birth weight, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, Rupture of membranes, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, Cesarean Section, Obstetrics, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Confidence interval, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Immunology, HIV-1, Female, business, Zidovudine, Cohort study
Abstract

Background To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using data on individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies. Methods North American and European studies of at least 100 mother-child pairs were included in the meta-analysis. Uniform definitions of modes of delivery were used. Elective cesarean sections were defined as those performed before onset of labor and rupture of membranes. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to adjust for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission. Results The primary analysis included data on 8533 mother-child pairs. After adjustment for receipt of antiretroviral therapy, maternal stage of disease, and infant birth weight, the likelihood of vertical transmission of HIV-1 was decreased by approximately 50 percent with elective cesarean section, as compared with other modes of delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.56). The results were similar when the study population was limited to those with rupture of membranes shortly before delivery. The likelihood of transmission was reduced by approximately 87 percent with both elective cesarean section and receipt of antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, as compared with other modes of delivery and the absence of therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.19). Among mother-child pairs receiving antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, rates of vertical transmission were 2.0 percent among the 196 mothers who underwent elective cesarean section and 7.3 percent among the 1255 mothers with other modes of delivery. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis suggest that elective cesarean section reduces the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child independently of the effects of treatment with zidovudine.

Published
1999
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25. The mode of delivery and the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1--a meta-analysis of 15 prospective cohort studies. The International Perinatal HIV Group

Author

Andiman W., Boucher M., Burns D., Bryson Y., Farley J., Fowler H., Gabiano C., Galli L., Hutto C., Kind C., Korber B., Kovacs A., Krogstad P., Landesman S., Lapointe N., Lemay M., Lew J., Mandelbrot L., Mayaux M.J., Mellins R., Minkoff H., Mofenson L., Nielsen K., Newell M.L., Pardi G., Peavy H., Peckham C., Read J., Rother C., Rudin C., Scott G., Semprini A., Shearer W., Simonds R., Simpson B., Stek A., Tovo P.A., Tuomala R., Van Dyke R., Weedon J., de Martino M., Lindsay M., Belair S., Chan L., Harris D., Kalish L., Muenz L., Nugent R., Schluchter M., Durako S., Goodwin S., Mitchell R., Nourjah P., Owen W., Widmayer S., Bardeguez A., Hanson C., Wiznia A., Luzuriaga K., Viscarello R., Ho D., Koup R., Chen I., Mullins J., Wolinsky S., Walker B., Ammann A., Clapp S., McDonald D., Fauvel M., Hankins C., Samson J., Bailey A., Giaquinto C., Ruga E., De Rossi A., Truscia D., Grosch Worner I., Schafer A., Mok J., Johnstone F., Jiminez J., de Alba C., Garcia Rodriguez M., Bates I., de Jose I., Hawkins F., Zapico R.M., Asensi Botet F., Otero M., Perez Tamarit D., Moya A., Galbis M., Scherpbier H., Boer K., Bohlin A., Lindgren S., Ehrnst A., Anzen B., Belfrage E., Levy J., Alimenti A., Barlow P., Ferrazin A., De Maria A., Gotta C., Maritati V., Mur A., Rovira M., Paya A., Coll O., Fortuny C., Boguna J., Caro M.C., Canet Y., Ravizza M., Castagna C., Fiore S., Guerra B., Lanari M., Bianchi S., Bovicelli L., Prati E., Duse M., Soresina A., Scaravelli G., De Santis M., Muggiasca M., Vigano A., Marchisio P., Iasci A., Spinillo A., Bucceri A., Grossi E., Rancilio L., Della Torre M., Dallacasa P., Pachi A., Principi N., Zara C., Vignali M., Rossi G., Selvaggi L., Greco P., Vimercati A., Massi G., Innocenti T., Fiscella A., Sansone M., Benedetto C., Tibaldi C., Ziarati N., Tadrist B., Thevenicau D., Gondry J., Paulard B., Alisy C., Brault D., Tordjeman P., Mamou J., Rozan M., Colombani D., Pincemaille O., Salvetti A., Chabanier C., Hernandorena X., Leroy J., Schaal J., Balde P., Faucher P., Lachassinne E., Benoit S., Douard D., Hocke C., Barjot P., Brouard J, Delattre P, Stien L, Audibert F, Labrune P, Vial M, Mazy F, Sitbon D, Crenn Hebert C, Floch Tudal C, Akakpo R, Daveau C, Leblanc A, Cesbron P, Duval Arnould H, Huraux Rendu C, Lemerle S, Touboul C, Guerin M, Maingueneau C, Reynaud I, Rousseau T, Ercoil V, Lanza M, Denavit M, Garnier J, Lahsinat K, Pia R, Allouche C, Nardou M, Grall F, May A, Dallot M, Lhuillier P, Cecile W, Mezin R, Balde P, Bech A, Lobut J, Algava G, Dermesay AC, Busuttil R, Jacquemot M, Bader Meunier B, Fridman S, Codaccioni X, Maxingue F, Thomas D, Alain J, De Lumley L, Tabaste J, Salin PB, Seaume H, Guichard A, Kebaili K, Roussouly C, Botto C, De Lanete A, Wipff P, Cravello L, De Boisse P, Leclaire M, Michel G, Crumiere C, Lefevre V, Le Lorier B, Pauly I, Robichez B, Seguy D, Dehlinger M, Rideau F, Talon P, Benos P, Huret C, Nicolas J, Heller Roussin B, Saint Leger S, Delaporte M, Hubert C, De Sarcus B, Karoubi P, Mechinaud F, Bertcrottiere D, Bongain A, Monpoux F, De Gennes C, Devianne F, Nisand I, Rousset M, Mouchnino G, Muray J, Munzer M, Quereux C, Brossard V, Clavier B, Allemon M, Rotten D, Stephan J, Varlet M, Guyot B, Narey P, Bardinet F, De Caunes F, Jeny R, Robin M, Bouley AR, Savey L, Berrebi A, Tricoire J, Borderon J, Fignon A, Guillot F, Maria B, Broyard A, Chitrit Y, Firtion G, Mandelbrot L, Pillet ML, Parat S, Boissinot C, Garec N, Levine M, Ottenwalter A, Schaller F, Vilmer B, Courpotin C, Brunner C, Ciraru Vigneron N, Hatem Gantzer G, Fritel X, Wallet A, Bouille J, Milliez J, Mrejen DB, Dermer E, Noseda G, Bardou D, Cressaty J, Francoual C, Moncomble CC, Cohen H, Blanche S, Bastion H, Benifla J, Benkhatar F, Berkane N, Herve F, Ronzier M, Mayaux MJ, de Martino M, Tovo PA, Galli L, Gabiano C, Ferraris G, Rancillo L, Bucceri A, Tulisso S, Scolfaro C, Riva C, Vierucci A, de Luca M, Farina S, Fundaro C, Genovese O, Mercu G, Forni G, Stegagno M, Falconieri P, Zuccotti G, Riva E, Cellini M, Baraldi C, Consolini R, Palla G, Ruggeri M, Osimani P, Metri A, Antonellini A, Benaglia G, Romano A, Dallacasa P, De Mattia D, Caselli D, Boni S, Dell'Erba G, Bassanetti F, Sticca M, Timpano C, Magnani C, Salvatore C, Gambaretto G, Lipreri R, Tornaghi R, Pinzani R, Cecchi M, Bezzi T, Battisti L, Bresciani E, Gattinara G, Berrino R, Pellegatta A, Mazza A, Baldi F, Micheletti E, Ruga E, Altobelli R, Deiana M, Colnaghi C, Tarallo L, Tondo U, Anastasio E, Duse M, Chiriaco P, Contardi I, Ruggeri C, Ibba P, Scott G, Hutto C, O'Sullivan M, Malmsberry A, Willoughby A, Burns D, Goedert J, Landesman S, Minkoff H, Mendez H, Holman S, Rubinstein A, Durako S, Muenz L, Goodwin S, Nesheim S, Lindsay M, Clark S, Lee F, Nahmias A, Sawyer M, Vink P, Farley J, Alger L, Abrams E, Bamji M, Lambert G, Schoenbaum E, Thea D, Thomas P, Weedon J, Palumbo P, Bardeguez A, Denny T, Oleske J, Simonds R, Orloff S, Ethier Ives J, Rogers M, Schluchter M, Kutner M, Kaplan S, Kattan M, Lipshultz S, Mellins R, Shearer W, Peavy H, Sopko G, Sloand E, Wu M, Kind C, Nadal D, Rudin C, Siegrist CA, Wyler CA, Cheseaux JJ, Aebi C, Gnehm H, Schubiger G, Klingler J, Hunziker U, Kuchler H, Gianinazzi M, Buhlmann U, Biedermann K, Lauper U, Irion O, Brunelli A, Spoletini G, Schreyer A, Hosli I, Saurenmann E, Drack G, Isenschmid M, Poorbeik M, Schupbach J, Perrin L, Erb P, Joller H, Bryson Y, Dillon M, Nielsen R, Boyer P, Liao D, Keller M, Deveikis A, Kovacs A, Stek A, Chan L, Rother C, Khoury M, Diaz C, Pacheco Acosta E, Tuomala R, Cooper E, Mesthene D, Pitt J, Higgins A, Moroso G, Rich K, Turpin D, Cooper N, Fowler M, Nugent R, Smeriglio V, McKinlay S, Kalish L, Ellis S, Andiman W, PIGNATA, CLAUDIO, GUARINO, ALFREDO, Andiman, W., Boucher, M., Burns, D., Bryson, Y., Farley, J., Fowler, H., Gabiano, C., Galli, L., Hutto, C., Kind, C., Korber, B., Kovacs, A., Krogstad, P., Landesman, S., Lapointe, N., Lemay, M., Lew, J., Mandelbrot, L., Mayaux, M. J., Mellins, R., Minkoff, H., Mofenson, L., Nielsen, K., Newell, M. L., Pardi, G., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J., Rother, C., Rudin, C., Scott, G., Semprini, A., Shearer, W., Simonds, R., Simpson, B., Stek, A., Tovo, P. A., Tuomala, R., Van Dyke, R., Weedon, J., de Martino, M., Lindsay, M., Belair, S., Chan, L., Harris, D., Kalish, L., Muenz, L., Nugent, R., Schluchter, M., Durako, S., Goodwin, S., Mitchell, R., Nourjah, P., Owen, W., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Bailey, A., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., De Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., de Alba, C., Garcia Rodriguez, M., Bates, I., de Jose, I., Hawkins, F., Zapico, R. M., Asensi Botet, F., Otero, M., Perez Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A., Lindgren, S., Ehrnst, A., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Levy, J., Alimenti, A., Barlow, P., Ferrazin, A., De Maria, A., Gotta, C., Maritati, V., Mur, A., Rovira, M., Paya, A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Caro, M. 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Abstract

To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using data on individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies. North American and European studies of at least 100 mother-child pairs were included in the meta-analysis. Uniform definitions of modes of delivery were used. Elective cesarean sections were defined as those performed before onset of labor and rupture of membranes. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to adjust for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission. The primary analysis included data on 8533 mother-child pairs. After adjustment for receipt of antiretroviral therapy, maternal stage of disease, and infant birth weight, the likelihood of vertical transmission of HIV-1 was decreased by approximately 50 percent with elective cesarean section, as compared with other modes of delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.56). The results were similar when the study population was limited to those with rupture of membranes shortly before delivery. The likelihood of transmission was reduced by approximately 87 percent with both elective cesarean section and receipt of antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, as compared with other modes of delivery and the absence of therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.19). Among mother-child pairs receiving antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, rates of vertical transmission were 2.0 percent among the 196 mothers who underwent elective cesarean section and 7.3 percent among the 1255 mothers with other modes of delivery. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that elective cesarean section reduces the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child independently of the effects of treatment with zidovudine.

Published
1999

26. results of the pilot study

Author

Hensler, S, Protte, C, Vetter, G, Doenecke, P, and Klingler, J

Subjects
ddc: 610
Published
2004

30. Characterization and genetic dissection of resistance to spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis trifolii) in Medicago truncatula

Author

Kamphuis, L., Lichtenzveig, Judith, Peng, K., Guo, S., Klingler, J., Siddique, K., Gao, L., Singh, K., Kamphuis, L., Lichtenzveig, Judith, Peng, K., Guo, S., Klingler, J., Siddique, K., Gao, L., and Singh, K.

Abstract

Aphids cause significant yield losses in agricultural crops worldwide. Medicago truncatula, a model legume, cultivated pasture species in Australia and close relative of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), was used to study the defence response against Therioaphis trifolii f. maculate [spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA)]. Aphid performance and plant damage were compared among three accessions. A20 is highly susceptible, A17 has moderate resistance, and Jester is strongly resistant. Subsequent analyses using A17 and A20, reciprocal F1s and an A17×A20 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population revealed that this moderate resistance is phloem mediated and involves antibiosis and tolerance but not antixenosis. Electrical penetration graph analysis also identified a novel waveform termed extended potential drop, which occurred following SAA infestation of M. truncatula. Genetic dissection using the RIL population revealed three quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3, 6, and 7 involved in distinct modes of aphid defence including antibiosis and tolerance. An antibiosis locus resides on linkage group 3 (LG3) and is derived from A17, whereas a plant tolerance and antibiosis locus resides on LG6 and is derived from A20, which exhibits strong temporary tolerance. The loci identified reside in regions harbouring classical resistance genes, and introgression of these loci in current medic cultivars may help provide durable resistance to SAA, while elucidation of their molecular mechanisms may provide valuable insight into other aphid-plant interactions.

Published
2013

38. Biological nitrogen fixation under primordial Martian partial pressures of dinitrogen

Author

Klingler, J. M, Mancinelli, R. L, and White, M. R

Subjects
Space Biology
Abstract

One of the most striking differences between the conditions on early Mars and earth was a low (18 mb) partial pressure of N2 (pN2) on early Mars, as opposed to 780 mb N2 on earth. To investigate the possibility of biological nitrogen fixation under conditions of early Mars, experiments were carried out on the growth of Azotobacter vinelandii and Azomonas agilis in nitrogen-free synthetic medium under various partial pressures of N2 (ranging from 780 to 0 mb). It was found that, although the biomass, cell number, and growth rate of these bacteria decreased with decreasing pN2 values below pN2 of 400 mb, both microorganisms were capable of growing at pN2 as low as 5 mb (but not at of below 1 mb), indicating that biological fixation of nitrogen could have occurred on primordial Mars.

Published
1989
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