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Disseminated infection after intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin instillation for bladder cancer is a rare but potential complication. Vascular infection is an additional serious complication but is seldom reported. We present the first report of a small series of patients with vascular infections after intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin instillation, and we review the related literature. (J Vasc Surg 1999;29:377-81.)

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome caused by long-term use of indwelling catheters is an infrequent but increasingly common complication. Because collateralization often is sufficient, surgical treatment rarely is indicated. We present a case of a patient with severe symptomatic SVC syndrome as a result of the long-term use of indwelling hemodialysis catheters. The SVC was reconstructed with a pericardial tube graft. Magnetic resonance angiography performed 13 months after the operation showed patency of the graft. The patient continues to be free of symptoms. (J Vasc Surg 1998;28:556-60.)

Background Liver cysts are not uncommon. Rarely, they become symptomatic and require intervention. Surgery is the usual form of treatment; laparoscopic cyst unroofing has recently been introduced.
Methods The current status of diagnosis and conventional therapy of hepatic cysts was summarized. The surgical literature was surveyed to collect all reported cases of minimally invasive treatment of these lesions, and the advantages and limitations of the methods were evaluated.
Results and conclusion The general application of the minimally invasive technique should await a thorough evaluation of the operative complications and the outcome in terms of cyst recurrence in larger series of patients. However, laparoscopic wide cyst unroofing and laparoscopic cyst excision will probably become the methods of choice for the treatment of symptomatic liver cysts in carefully selected patients.